when was the salvation army founded

y Since The Salvation Army was born on the streets of the East End of London in 1865, we have gone from strength to strength – carrying on the commitment of our founders to serve God and to serve suffering humanity by fighting against social injustice.

Our History

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God loves with a great love the man whose heart is bursting with a passion for the impossible When The Salvation Army’s founder William Booth was told by his son about all the homeless people sleeping on the banks of the Thames, his response was simple: ‘Go and do something.’ That was in the middle of the nineteenth century.

But today The Salvation Army’s philosophy is exactly the same. Ahead of their time, the Booths took an innovative approach in demonstrating their faith by offering practical support to people in need out on the streets of London and beyond.

As social justice reformers, a large part of their focus was on caring for people in a practical way, and to reaching out to ‘the poor and destitute.’Discover our past Watch here The Booths abandoned the conventional concept of a church and a pulpit, instead taking their message to the people. Their fervour led to disagreement with church leaders in London, who preferred traditional methods.

As a result, they withdrew from the church and travelled throughout England, conducting evangelistic meetings. Catherine and William walked the streets of London to preach the gospel of Jesus Christ to the poor, the homeless, the hungry, and the destitute. In 1865, William Booth was invited to hold a series of evangelistic meetings in the East End of London.

He set up a tent in a Quaker graveyard on July 2, and his services became an instant success. This is seen as the official start of The Salvation Army and proved to be the end of Booth’s wanderings as an independent travelling speaker.

His renown as a religious leader spread throughout London. Booth continued giving his new converts spiritual direction; challenging them to save others like themselves. Soon, they too were preaching, and singing in the streets. A radical, William Booth believed that charity demeaned the individual and people should be offered a ‘hand up' and not ‘hand outs' to get them back on their feet.

At a time when women’s place was often seen to be in the home, Catherine Booth was a strong proponent of equality for women and fought for women to be able to preach in church meetings – persuading William to change his own views - with this becoming a key part of The Salvation Army’s official beliefs. In 1884, The Salvation Army opened a women’s rescue home in Whitechapel for those fleeing domestic violence and prostitution.

Against a backdrop of poor and often dangerous working conditions, in 1891, The Salvation Army opened its own match factory in Old Ford, East London. Only using harmless red phosphorus, the workers were soon producing six million boxes a year. A competitor paid its workers just two pennies a gross, while The Salvation Army paid their employees twice that amount.

The Army also began to be involved in relief work, assisting in times of emergency, and disaster. This included the effects of war, with The Salvation Army Naval and Military League starting in 1894. The Salvation Army served at the frontlines in World Wars I and II - offering comfort and pastoral support to members of the armed forces. It was in World War I, that the famous Salvation Army ""doughnut girls"" or “doughnut lassies” served their first doughnuts.

During major engagements, the girls worked at the field hospitals and set up rest centres for soldiers to write home to loved ones. They went to daily burial services of the doughboys they served and then went to pray over the graves of the enemies.

In World War II, Salvation Army volunteers worked in mobile canteens to support troops in the battles zones across Europe. Salvationists worked in hospitals and also held services for allied prisoners in internment camps in Europe and the Far East.

On the home front, families affected by the Blitz or other bombings were supported with clothing, blankets and food.

Today The Army’s emergency response teams still assist at disasters across the world. Churches across the UK have emergency response vehicles on standby to provide tea, coffee, and food to the emergency services. During the floods in the UK last winter, many churches assisted the emergency response by providing shelter, emergency food, blankets and a listening ear to people as well as providing assistance to the emergency services.

Over 150 years ago The Salvation Army found through their work that the main issues facing people were: a lack of ability to buy food and clothing; the fear of losing their homes; a lack of jobs and employment opportunities; and the health and social dangers of a heavy drinking culture.

These issues have remained the same for over 150 years, and still today, for many of the most vulnerable and marginalised in our communities.

The Salvation Army is still there carrying on the founders’ work offering practical help, unconditional assistance and support to transform lives. During a year We support more than 2,500 people back into employment. Our Family Tracing Unit helps reunite around 2,000 families a year.

We served around 3 million nourishing meals throughout the year at Salvation Army community and residential centres to older people, people affected by homelessness and young families.

Our Emergency Response Unit attended 163 emergencies across the country. We have 62 residential Lifehouses across the UK and Republic of Ireland for people experiencing homelessness, providing 3,200 beds a night plus training and support to get back on their feet.

We organise on average 414 Parent and Toddler clubs per week to enable children to play in safe environments and where parents meet with Salvation Army Officers and other parents for support, with an average weekly attendance of 14,742.

We see the problems our society faces – family breakdown, poverty, homelessness, hunger, drug and alcohol addiction, domestic violence, child abuse and much more besides. We see men, women and children suffering greatly. More than anything we want to do something practical to transform their lives.

As well as helping people who are experiencing homelessness, we support families who have hit hard times, people who have been made redundant, become ill or are experiencing benefit delay.

When someone in crisis comes to us wanting assistance, we take an interest in that person and get to the heart of their problem to find a long-term solution. The ongoing nature of our work is key to breaking the cycle of dependence and supporting people on a path to dignity. Our older generation deserve to be treated with dignity, have a say in what they want, to receive care when they require it and to have the opportunity to retain as much independence as possible.

We see it as a privilege to offer services to older people who continue to make tremendous contributions to their families and in their communities. Inspired by our Christian faith, we work tirelessly in communities across the UK and right round the world to help people in terrible difficulties to overcome their problems, get back on their feet and stay there. Today, The Salvation Army is active in 128 countries. Each location has different challenges, but the adaptive, people-led approach is remarkably similar to that of early-day pioneers.

As a worldwide Christian church, our message is based on the Bible; our motivation is the love of God as revealed in Jesus Christ.

Inspired by our faith, we engage in a programme of practical action to serve the community, to help those who are suffering and in need, and to fight for social justice. Related Content In the UK and Republic of Ireland Politics & Policy Research Celebrating 150 years Our fundraising explained Safeguarding unit Annual reviews Our territorial leaders Salvation Army Doctrines William Booth College Inclusion Commission us Territorial Events The Salvation Army and the Environment Fundraising Q&AOur trustees and staff pay Our History Being Fit for Mission Our Mission, Vision and Values "

Self-made: Nigel Hanger has the Salvation Army to thank for his designer suits, country mansion and Ascot-winning racehorse When William Booth founded the Salvation Army in 1865, he had the poor and needy in mind. The Methodist minister probably wouldn’t have included Nigel Hanger and his £5million fortune in that category. But Mr Hanger has the Sally Army to thank for his designer suits, country mansion and Ascot-winning racehorse. The 56-year-old has made millions from selling on the clothes and shoes which thousands of us donate to the Christian charity each week.

Sally Army millionaire: Rag trader making a fortune from the clothes you donate to charity

Sally Army millionaire: Rag trader making a fortune from the clothes you donate to charity By Emily Andrews for Mail Online Updated: 06:27 EDT, 1 February 2011287View comments

A self-made textiles trader, he won an exclusive deal to run the charity’s nationwide network of 4,500 recycling banks. His company, Kettering Textiles Limited, sells on the donated garments to Eastern Europe, where the price has risen from less than £100 a ton to £350 over the last three years, thanks to the rise of second-hand shops. And although the charity has received just more than 60 per cent of the sale of the clothes over that period, Mr Hanger’s company has made £10million.

The businessman, who is married with three children, admits that ‘profits are good’. And the Salvation Army defended the arrangement as ‘administrative costs’. But critics are unimpressed. They have accused the charity of misleading them over how gifts intended for good causes are used Samaritan: William Booth founded the Salvation Army in 1865 for the poor and needy The Government has demanded an explanation and the regulator, the Charity Commission, has launched a review of the case.

Ian Ross, 75, who was donating his old wax jacket, in Wellingborough, Northamptonshire, expressed his disapproval. Signs on the charity’s recycling banks explain that profits are used ‘to help the Salvation Army’s work with people in need both at home and abroad’.

He said: ‘Anyone would believe the donations are going to the benefit of those that need them, not to somebody who is making a massive amount of money.‘I will think twice before doing it again.’At his office on an industrial estate nearby, Mr Hanger, whose home is located in a village near Wellingborough, defended his position.‘Profits are good,’ he said.

‘We have been very successful increasing the tonnage and in the last two or three years the market has never been as buoyant.‘You would pin a medal on the top business people [for achieving these profits] but because this is a charity you think there’s something strange going on.‘At no point have I ever not said what I am in this for.

I am in business to make profit as best I can in the proper manner and to make as much money as I can for myself and my family.’Since Mr Hangar negotiated the contract in 2008, he has earned more than £5milllion.

According to Companies’ House he and his three directors have netted £10million while the Salvation Army received £16.3million.

Lieutenant Colonel David Hinton, from the charity, said: ‘In the past three years alone, this has resulted in the donation of more than £16million, money which we would not otherwise have received from a national recycling and shop operation.’ The charity annually spends £150million on ‘the relief of poverty and the advancement of education’.

Plush: Nigel Hanger's country mansion in Finedon, Northamptonshire He added: ‘The operation of SATCo L [the charity’s trading arm] and its recycling partner is a huge commercial undertaking providing substantial funds to the Salvation Army which are directly used for our work.‘It would be naive to believe or expect that such an operation would not incur administrative costs.’It is not appropriate for the charity ‘to comment on the remuneration paid to personnel in an independent company that is not a subsidiary of the Salvation Army and over which we do not exercise any legal control,’ he added.

A spokesman for Charities Minister, Nick Hurd, called on the charity ‘to explain what is going on’. And Tessa Jowell, the shadow charities minister, said she was ‘extremely concerned at the suggestion that a charitable organisation has been misrepresented in this manner’.

The Salvation Army is a member of the standards board, the charity sector’s self-regulatory body which sets out to safeguard public trust and confidence in fundraising tactics used by good causes. It could be brought before the independent board to answer questions and, if the board is not satisfied by the answers, could be removed from the register.

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Chandler Powell, 21, dotes on girlfriend Bindi Irwin, 19, as they step out in Queensland...after fans urge the pair to get married Laura Ingraham returns to Fox News after David Hogg attack with rambling monologue about the 'left's plot to silence conservatives'Jessica Biel and Jamie Chung play with adorable puppies at American Express event in New York Delighted as they frolicked with puppies Falcons QB Matt Ryan and his wife announce they are proud parents of TWIN boys after keeping news secret because they were born two months premature Mariska Hargitay and husband Peter Hermann attend special NYC screening of I Am Evidence She produced the HBO documentary All smiles!

Kendra Wilkinson takes 8-year-old son Hank to Lost In Space premiere after filing for divorce She has recently filed for divorce Gory scenes!

Gina Rodriguez drenched in 'blood' as she films stabbing scene for new Netflix rom-com Someone Great Cameras rolling Amber Heard quietly donates millions to Children's Hospital Los Angeles after making pledge in 2016 to give Johnny Depp divorce settlement to charity Antonio Banderas, 57, refused to retire after heart attack because he didn't want to live like he's 'already dead' Actor, 57, was rushed to hospital last year Justin Bieber stops to check on man who collapsed in the street in Los Angeles He was on his was to his car after leaving Barry's Bootcamp Desilu trademark created by Lucille Ball and Desi Arnaz at center of trademark infringement lawsuit Has become the focus of a legal dispute Jenna Dewan looks pensive as she hits Los Angeles day spa without her wedding ring following shock Channing Tatum split Enjoying some 'me time'So now he's a family guy!

Conor Mc Gregor shares snap with girlfriend and son after attacking bus of MMA rivals, as troubled star remains in NYCWedding belles!

Paris Hilton confirms Nicole Richie will be invited to her upcoming wedding as she says 'all my girls will be invited' Should be emotional Mark Hamill continues galactic adventures with wife Marilou York at Lost In Space premiere Attended the Netflix Lost In Space season one premiere in Los Angeles Hailey Baldwin and Ashley Graham are effortlessly stylish with matching hairdos at the Infinity Awards in NYC The models were on the same style page Masters champion Patrick Reed visits the Stock Exchange and Empire State building before heading to Madison Square Garden to watch the Knicks Five cases of sex abuse allegations against writer and director James Toback are dropped because they are outside the statute of limitations Melania Trump looks radiant in figure-hugging red as she welcomes a group of middle school kids to the White House for discussion about their daily 'struggles'Rachel Weisz and Daniel Craig hold hands as they show their support at Night of Opportunity Gala in New York The Bond star He's the daddy!

Rod Stewart, 73, poses with his four sons aged 37 to seven in sweet family snap shared by photographer wife Penny Lancaster Festival fun! Daphne Joy is feeling the Coachella vibe in curve-highlighting strapless bikini The model made the announcement on Instagram Pink lady!

Naomi Watts is pretty in pink as she wears stylish gown with black floral detailing to Tribeca Ball The actress hit the town in New York Kim Kardashian shares stunning bikini snap taken by sister Kourtney during Turks and Caicos vacation She has a habit of showing off her curves Model behavior!

Kaia Gerber channels mom Cindy Crawford in black motorcycle jacket at dinner with dad and brother She's fresh off the jet Proud mama!

Heidi Montag proudly reveals that she is back to her post-baby body after welcoming son in October She gave birth last year Re-living the glory days! Today's Dylan Dreyer and husband Brian dress up in VERY flamboyant outfits for 80s prom-themed party The meteorologist Ready to drop!

Khloe Kardashian producing new series about murderous sisters... as she prepares to give birth Expecting first child David Schwimmer says society needs to 'recognize a spectrum of bad behavior' amid #Me Too movement The Friends star gave his view Bill Cosby flashes a smile leaving court on first day of his sexual assault retrial where accuser's lawyer reveals he paid Andrea Constand $3.4 MILLIONJenny Mollen explains why she doesn't show her 4-year-old son's face in Instagram snaps The actress wants to do her best to keep her children's life private Mean Girls Broadway musical reveals 'first look' video of the show after star-studded opening night Clip was posted to You Tube Baring it all!

Stormy Daniels will pose NUDE for upcoming Penthouse Magazine issue and has revealed details about Trump 'that Anderson Cooper didn't ask'Kate Beckinsale's ex Michael Sheen, 49, 'dating Aisling Bea, 34': Did the actor swap Sarah Silverman, 47, for a younger comic?

Four years with Sarah'Sounds like President Trump!' Queen quips joke about The Donald and his helicopter in rare candid footage shot with David Attenborough'Tell him I am free for dinner!'

Real Housewives Of New York's Bethenny Frankel reveals she wants to date Russell Crowe Declared herself single'I'll just talk because I can't hear you!' Australian interviewer's VERY awkward chat with Real Housewives of New York's Bethenny Frankel Diego Boneta of Scream Queens in talks for human role in Terminator reboot New film will apparently see Diego as a man rather than a machine Newlywed bliss!

Amy Schumer and husband Chris Fischer are sophisticated chic as they arrive in style to Late Show Promoting I Feel Pretty Proud grandpa! Beyonce's father Matthew Knowles thinks Blue Ivy will become a star Follow in her famous parents footsteps Flying high!

Emily Blunt and John Krasinski carry daughters as they arrive at JFK Airport in NYC after their movie A Quiet Place tops box office Brooke Burke, 46, breaks her silence on split from Dave Charvet as she says she is 'deeply saddened' Ex-DWTS star filed for divorce after seven years On tour! Lea Michele and Darren Criss to hit the road together for nine-date summer tour Starting in late May, the duo will play nine shows in nine different cities'It's a big thrill!'

Jinger Duggar and her husband Jeremy Vuolo happily reveal they are expecting a baby girl as mom-to-be shares new image of growing bump'I've just been taking some quiet time to myself': Jessica Origliasso thanks fans for their support as she breaks her silence after her split with Ruby Rose'It's a waste of your time': Mom-to-be Cardi B opens up about being in a GANG linked to Bloods but says she would not recommend it to others Brighter than the sun!

Rita Ora turns heads in bold yellow coat as she steps out for another busy day in New York Hot Right Now singer wore retro glasses Actress Natalie Portman cradles toddler daughter Amalia in papoose while out in Los Angeles Little girl turned one year old last month'Get married already!'

Fans urge Bindi Irwin to wed her longtime beau as couple pack on the PDA at Chandler Powell's brother Cameron's nuptials Back to it! Makeup free Naomi Watts cuts a casual figure in a coat and leggings in New York...after enjoying a break in Mexico The holiday's over Juice on the go! Diane Kruger shows off her fashionable flare in pink coat and ripped jeans while out in New York She opted for casual chic Pamela Anderson's ex Tommy Lee appears to sport black eye while out in LA... after dropping charges against son Brandon Been in the wars again?

Posing up! Malin Akerman makes a bold statement in a bright blue dress as she stops by Sirius XM in New York She stars alongside The Rock in the sci-fi flick, Rampage Model Elsa Hosk gets motors running at Ferrari shoot in Malibu... before dazzling on the D&G runway at the Met in the New York Swedish stuuner is 29'They are doing great': Kylie Jenner and Travis Scott have been brought 'closer together' by baby daughter Stormi Got pregnant quickly Tia Mowry reveals 'it was hard for me to get pregnant' as she expects baby girl Has second child on way with husband Cory Hardrict James Stunt's 'girlfriend' Samantha Rowley flaunts her ample assets in skimpy string bikini as she soaks up the sun in Miami Cardi B's sister Hennessy appears to accidentally reveal sex of rapper's baby in gushing Instagram post Admitted she was pregnant on SNLKarlie Kloss looks fab in plaid as she delivers talk on getting more young women into the tech world during visit to London Stunning supermodel Janice Dickinson gets styled by Nikki Lund as model is expected to appear in court for Bill Cosby's retrial She accused TV star of sexual harassment Back with a bang!

Ivanka Trump heads to work in a bold form-fitting red dress after vacation with Jared Kushner's family in Wyoming Conor Mc Gregor breaks his silence with cryptic Instagram post featuring photo of himself and a PRAYING emoji...after explosive incident in NYCKhloe Kardashian says she was NOT close to Kim and Kourtney as a kid because she looked 'different' Mom-to-be opened up about her sisters Dazzling Reese Witherspoon, 42, looks ever youthful in spring dress... after wearing a 'fantastic' shirt while leaving a workout in Los Angeles Gina Rodriguez laughs on New York City set of her new Netflix rom-com as she goes for the layered look She is producing her new comedy HBO's president of programming says Big Little Lies stars 'earned' their massive raises - after another exec said the network was 'raped' by show's new budget Kim Kardashian reveals she's 'living hardcore in the gym' after upset star received fan backlash over THOSE 'unflattering' bikini pictures Kylie Jenner poses in new green lipstick which some fans have said looks like Stormi's 'baby poop' The green/brown has attracted comments Teaming up!

Fleetwood Mac fires guitarist Lindsey Buckingham... and enlists Mike Campbell and Neil Finn for tour Back together Mariah Carey pokes fun at herself with a hilarious meme, sharing a VERY unflattering throwback snap alongside airbrushed album artwork Jennifer Lopez flashes cleavage in Vegas... after beau Alex Rodriguez gushes about their romance The 48-year-old star posted a closeup Luann de Lesseps beams in LA... after claiming she was groped by Russell Simmons in 2015 She has had a turbulent few months Ariana Grande is a kid again as she wears Minnie Mouse ears on Disneyland trip with pals Singer, 24, was spotted enjoying a day at Disney Amy Schumer and husband Chris Fischer take hand-in-hand stroll before comedy actress has poker game with her father Tied the knot February Kim Kardashian shows off her tiny waist and shapely curves as she paddleboards in a bikini Reality star posted a video clip from vacation Tyra Banks flaunts her legs in flirty cut-out LBD as she leaves The View in New York The 44-year-old TV personality looked flawless Lily James and Jessica Brown Findlay enjoy a Downton Abbey reunion at The Guernsey Literary & Potato Peel Pie Society world premiere Amal Clooney cuts a chic figure in LBD and cream coat as she steps out in New York City Another busy day for mom of two and human rights lawyer Jennifer Lawrence is in great spirits as she's pictured on a date with a hunky pal in New York City Hunger Games hottie, 27, looked very happy Vivica A.

Fox's Sharknado 6 castmates Tara Reid, Ian Ziering, and Cassie Scerbo attend her book bash She defied her 53 years Scott Disick, 34, is stony-faced as he is stopped by police while driving with girlfriend Sofia Richie, 19, in Los Angeles after doing an 'illegal turn''No airbrushing, no problem!'

Plus-size model Iskra Lawrence confidently flaunts her booty and 'thick thighs' in bikini shots Displayed her curves'I was shedding skin': Former Vogue editor Alexandra Shulman says that stepping down from her post made her look like a '190-year-old woman'Samuel L Jackson says Hollywood still has a long way to go dealing with racial equality... despite Black Panther's staggering success Setting box office records Sex pest Josh Duggar joins his family on visit to Chip and Joanna Gaines' Magnolia compound in Waco Joined by Michelle, Deanna, Mary and Josh Advertisement DON'T MISSModel royal!

Lady Amelia Windsor, 22, sparkles in an elegant jewel-studded corset - and flashes a hint of thigh - as she attends D&G show in New York Emily Blunt drinks 'disgusting' oil of oregano to cure her colds... despite the fact it 'burns your throat' Actress has VERY interesting remedy Gabrielle Union praises 'one of my favorite co-stars' Jessica Alba on Today Pai are appearing n a TV pilot spun off from the Bad Boys films Mom-to-be Cardi B admits she didn't trust fiancé Offset until he proposed... and reveals his friends once 'called her a DOG' Expecting first child Paula Patton is totally transformed as she unveils new blonde hair while shopping for groceries in Malibu Robin Thicke's ex looked VERY different Kris Jenner says daughter Khloe Kardashian is 'scared' about having her baby... as reality star preps for imminent birth First tot for reality star Kathleen Turner is still called 'dad' by Matthew Perry... after Friends guest stint when she played his father Charles Pair have stuck to joke Caitlyn Jenner, 68, dons denim shorts for dinner with constant companion Sophia Hutchins, 22, in Los Angeles Close since last June American Pie singer Don Mc Lean's MUCH younger girlfriend Paris Dylan, 24, flaunts her cleavage in playful lingerie He is 73 this year Bryce Dallas Howard admits she has been 'scared off' asking for better pay... as she feared being replaced The 27-year-old actress opened up to Redbook Khloe Kardashian reveals she is due ANY MINUTE as she shares kissing photo with Tristan She has been staying with him in Cleveland Amy Adams goes glam-free in Los Angeles as she totes takeaway snack and green drink Cut casual figure as she grabbed takeout snack Kate and Wills WON'T know if they are having a boy or a girl until the baby is delivered as countdown begins with parking suspended outside hospital Just like mom!

Catherine Zeta-Jones, 48, and look-alike daughter make elegant pair at the Dolce & Gabbana Alta Moda event Ariana Grande to release her first new music since the Manchester Arena terror attack in England last year Singer, 24, back in fold Cardi B covers up her bump in an elaborate denim jacket as pregnant rapper heads out after big reveal She confirmed her pregnancy this weekend A VERY racy royal girlfriend!

Son of Norway's Crown Princess Mette Marit is dating a former Playboy model known for her bikini snaps'Overwhelmed by him': Actress Teresa Palmer gushes about one-year-old son Forest as the adorable pair cheekily poke their tongues at each other Amy Schumer takes on her dad Gordon in a game of poker as she visits his assisted living facility in Beverly Hills He suffers from multiple sclerosis.

Stunning Anna Lynne Mc Cord shows off her lean legs as she poses in glamorous lace gown for VERY glmaorous photo shoot Actress looked amazing Vacation mode!

America's Got Talent judge Heidi Klum, 44, goes topless as she puts on a sexy display with younger beau Tom Kaulitz, 28, in Mexico Carrie Underwood to perform LIVE for first time in FIVE MONTHS... as she's recovered from accident Blonde beauty is set to make a big comeback Angry animal lover Ricky Gervais shares shocking video of cruel Chinese meat trade featuring a man slaughtering tied-up dog with cleaver Harry and Meghan reveal passion for women's rights and the environment as they name charities people can donate to instead of giving wedding gifts Celebs DO love to get dolled-up!

Talented artist creates tiny replicas of A-list stars including Jennifer Lawrence and Natalie Portman using acrylics, and dry pastels Real Housewives of Atlanta star Kenya Moore, 47, and husband Marc Daly are expecting their first child together Reality star married restaurant owner in 2017Is that really you, Mariah?

New ad campaign shows diva throwing a tantrum after an assistant booked her into a $40-a-night hostel in Barcelona Chloe Moretz breaks silence on Brooklyn Beckham kiss: Actress listens to Cardi B's new 'cheating' track after ex was seen kissing model Lexi Wood Who is Neri Oxman?

The MIT professor that stole Brad Pitt's heart after Angelina Jolie split The matinee idol is said to be dating the academic Paris Hilton and Nicole Richie have a mini Simple Life reunion...11 years after the show ended Hugely popular show ran for four years Ed Westwick steps out with girlfriend Jessica Serfaty in LA... as fashion stylist accusing him of sexual abuse files official complaint to the LAPDWild thing!

Princess Marie of Denmark, 42, steps out in a leopard print skirt with a snakeskin bag as she visits a school in Copenhagen Meghan's got talent! Harry's wife-to-be shows off star quality as she sings and dances at her school graduation in front of proud parents aged just 11'Holy s**t, your ex is going to be a princess!'

RHONY's Bethenny Frankel reveals she dated Meghan Markle's ex-husband Trevor Engelson Has Meghan asked ex Burberry chief to make her wedding dress? Designer Henry Holland reveals why he believes Christopher Bailey may have landed the job Back on top!

Ronda Rousey wins her debut WWE match as the crowd cheered 'This is awesome!' a year after her disappointing UFC comeback Shine actor Geoffrey Rush 'virtually housebound, barely eats, struggles to sleep and wakes up with a sense of dread' over sex abuse allegations Party time!

Ali Fedotowsky throws beach baby shower with pals including Kaley Cuoco She won hearts as The Bachelorette Drake parties with bevy of girls as he enjoys raucous night out in London... after surprising fans with new single Enjoying himself in UKConor Mc Gregor's father shows he is standing by his shamed UFC fighter after he attacked rival fighters' bus with Instagram post about 'DNA'Kris Jenner, 62, flashes her legs in chic mini dress alongside beau Corey Gamble, 33, at Daily Front Row Awards Date night for the duo The morning after the night before!

Princess Di's niece Lady Kitty Spencer gets caught in the rain in Gucci loafers following appearance at a NYC fashion show Introducing Princess Alice?

Oddsmakers reveal most popular name for Kate and Wills' baby (and it's closely followed by PHILIP in a nod to Queen's hubby)Ryan Seacrest shows he's a man of many talents as he impressively sings Hello with Lionel Richie on American Idol The pair did a little duet Chewbacca gets into a passionate embrace and his age is FINALLY revealed in new trailer for Solo: A Star Wars Story Eagerly awaited movie Victoria and Albert in color: Incredible archive of thousands of never-before seen digitized photographs give a glimpse into life in the Royal household Pregnant Chrissy Teigen shows off her bump in plunging white form-fitting dress as she joins husband John Legend at Daily Front Row Awards Kelly Osbourne beams as she puts on affectionate display with mystery man in Malibu Carrying a black jacket and her beloved Pomeranian dog, Polly Queen Letizia of Spain beams as she attends an awards ceremony in Madrid - after putting on a united front with her mom-in-law following taped 'tense' exchange You Keep Me Hangin' On singer Kim Wilde, 57, wows fans with her 'amazing' ageless appearance on TV... as she claims she has had NO plastic surgery'We've never had a fight': Bernie Taupin reveals secrets to his 50-year partnership with Elton John, and how he has to write their songs in complete seclusion Bella Hadid shows off her supermodel figure in skimpy checked dress as she makes animated appearance at TAG bash in Tokyo Enviably slender frame Revealed: The Queen's perfumer has created a bespoke fragrance for Meghan to wear on her wedding day - and it's a citrus scent inspired by the Mediterranean Brooke Burke beams as she steps out with kids after David Charvet split The pair annouced they are divorcing after seven years Matt Damon is given an Australian tour by new BFF Chris Hemsworth as the two spend time with their families at a school sports day in Byron Bay, Australia PICTURE EXCLUSIVE: Janice Dickinson jets in to Pennsylvania to give evidence at Bill Cosby's retrial after claiming she was raped by the comic Getting 24/7 security Catching up!

Kourtney Kardashian has dinner with her kids and Kendall Jenner in Malibu after her island getaway with boytoy Younes Stormy Daniels' lawyer says he'll release composite sketch of the man who 'threatened' her and offer a reward to identify him TOMORROWIt's still the word!

As Grease turns 40 years old, FEMAIL catches up on the lives and careers of the hit musical's biggest stars They have changed a lot Showdown time!Things get heated on Real Housewives Of Atlanta Reunion as Ne Ne Leakes says she's 'ready for the battle' with Kim Zolciak Blac Chyna 'is confident' her Magic Mountain brawl will not affect joint custody agreement with Rob Kardashian over daughter Dream How THOR-tful!

Chris Hemsworth treats parents to a night at the Commonwealth Games in Sydney as they watch track events from grandstands Amelia Hamlin rocks chic blazer dress as she joins mother Lisa Rinna and sister Delilah at Daily Front Row Awards after revealing anorexia battle Beach babe!

Blanca Blanco sprints on the sand while showing fit physique in tiny pink striped bikini in Malibu The 37-year-old actress hit the beach Boy George admits he accidentally watched How To Get Away With Murder instead of Scandal... and got through two SEASONS before he realized Pretty in pink!

Hilaria Baldwin showcases baby bump with Alec on red carpet at Mean Girls Broadway opening night She's pregnant with the couple's third boy Katy Perry squirms on American Idol after her religious parents call her 'mouthy' as top 24 begin performing They embarrassed their superstar daughter Paris Hilton, Emily Ratajkowski and pregnant Chrissy Teigen take the plunge as they lead the A-list glamour at the Daily Front Row Fashion Awards A busty display!

Sean 'Diddy' Combs shows off girlfriend Cassie's voluptuous curves in white bikini on Instagram Enjoying their vacation Jersey Shore's Pauly D keen to join forces with stars from the UK's Geordie Shore for wild new show... but fears 'someone will end up DYING'Hiding out?

Donald Trump Jr dons camouflage and poses on cliff's edge during trip in Spain after wife Vanessa filed for divorce in ugly split'She's allowing Harry to take the lead': Body language expert reveals Meghan's 'deference' for Prince (compared to her 'lack of warmth' for her first husband)Making a splash! Kourtney Kardashian drops jaws in tiny bikini during fun-filled getaway to Turks and Caicos Star looked amazing Sofia Vergara cuddles up to hubby Joe Manganiello in weekend getaway snaps she shares to Instagram The couple tied the knot in 2015Back to business!

Princess Mary of Denmark dazzles crowds at a finance conference in Copenhagen following a family break in Verbier Ripped! Justin Bieber strips down for a dip in Malibu swimming hole... after earlier run in with crazed fan The popstar went for a refreshing dip Brooklyn Beckham is engrossed in his phone after being pictured with new girlfriend... as he joins dad David and brothers at LA Galaxy game Watch out Willy Wonka!

Gwyneth Paltrow gives son Moses the sweetest 12th birthday party ever at sugar pop-up Candytopia in LA'She's had a really rough time': Friends fear for 'heartbroken' Ruby Rose after her split with singer Jessica Origliasso OITNB star was rocked Paris Jackson nails rocker chic in a khaki green cami dress and matching bomber jacket at Daily Front Row Awards Michael Jackson's girl Charlize Theron puts on a very leggy display in sexy leather shorts and killer heels as she's feted at San Francisco Film Festival Red carpet appearance Jimmy Kimmel reveals death threats he has received against his wife and young son after Sean Hannity feud as he apologizes to the gay community Puckering up!

Heidi Klum, 44, kisses new boyfriend Tom Kaulitz, 28, as they arrive in Mexico for romantic vacation Putting on the PDAThe Late Late Show's James Corden and wife Julia enjoy romantic beach stroll as they vacation in Cabo with Molly Sims and Rachel Zoe Trump's sons spent '$73,000 of TAXPAYERS money' on their trip to Dubai to attend lavish wedding of their billionaire business partner's daughter Black Panther surpasses Titanic to enter top three of all-time grossing films at domestic box office The Disney-Marvel motion picture Nicole Scherzinger is hippie chic in a tie-dye maxi as she steps out in West Hollywood after being axed from the X Factor UK Singer, 39, looked happy'Her dad, the billionaire, seems like a great guy': Jeremy Meeks' murdering rapist father says he's 'looking forward' to meeting Chloe and Philip Green'I have no idea!'

Blake Lively admits fears she's 'not equipped' for motherhood as she and husband Ryan Reynolds act to protect their young daughters Prince Charles dons a traditional feather headband for an Aboriginal welcome ceremony before enjoying a spiritual blessing Naomie Harris exudes elegance in a patterned ballgown as she joins co-star Dwayne Johnson at Rampage photocall in Shanghai Moonlight actress Couple goals!

Blake Lively hilariously trolls Ryan Reynolds as she compliments HERSELF instead of husband She took to Instagram Sunday Nicole Richie is stylish in purple gown embellished with silver flowers at awards show in LA The 36-year-old flashed a little cleavage Khloe Kardashian's ex-boyfriend French Montana launches a menswear line for Boohoo MAN inspired by his Moroccan heritage Includes tropical prints SPOILER The Walking Dead: Negan fights right-hand man Simon and vows to kill 'every last one' of Rick's crew Sunday's episode of the show Dakota Fanning glitters in embellished pink frock at Dolce & Gabbana Alta Moda event in NYC At the Metropolitan Opera House at Lincoln Center Doting dad!

Josh Duhamel holds hands with four-year-old son Axl... amid rumors he's dating actress Eiza Gonzalez Transformers actor George Clooney accepts a gift from homeless man turned actor Radioman in New York City He was stood outside star's residence Adrien Brody, 44, and model girlfriend Lara Lieto, 24, share passionate kiss during errand run The couple looked very much in love Diane Kruger showcases ample bosom in off-the-shoulder patterned blouse at D&G event in NYC The actress is 41She's a material girl!

Madonna, 59, puts on a busty display in black lace corset as she poses for sultry snap in Lisbon Took to Instagram Prolific voice actor and comedian Chuck Mc Cann who recorded the famous line 'I'm cuckoo for Cocoa Puffs!'

dies aged 83 Very familiar TV face Still causing trouble! Guest reveals Conor Mc Gregor was 'being rowdy' at Manhattan hotel just hours after getting released from jail Rita Ora showcases her off-duty style in bold panelled joggers and a sporty bumbag during low-key stroll in New York Hot Right Now hitmaker Baywatch babe!

Charlotte Mc Kinney shows off her endless legs in retro mini dress at Daily Front Row Awards Donned tiny dress Alex Rodriguez Face Times Jennifer Lopez during Ellen show as De Generes quizzes pair on how they met Ex-MLB star opened up Kylie Jenner's daughter Stormi is lavished with love as she meets her father Travis Scott's family Rapper took Stormi to meet his relatives A beaming Erica Packer enjoys a day on the water with friends in Sydney as ex-husband James continues treatment for mental health issues Full of Glee!

Lea Michele and Zandy Reich share a quick kiss at lunch before heading off on a hike with her father The duo puckered up for all to see Slam dunk!

Eddie Murphy and girlfriend Paige Butcher stroll hand-in-hand into afternoon basketball game Seen in LA'My perverted chihuahua has a thing for my underwear': Ruby Rose goes on bizarre rant after finding her dirty lingerie scattered across yard Elsa Pataky, 41, flaunts her trim pins in a leather jacket and electric blue boots as she swaps her trademark bohemian style for an edgy look for photo shoot Playing with fire!

Kim Kardashian sizzles as she showcases torso in red string bikini during Turks and Caicos trip The 38-year-old shared images and videos Tiger Woods and ex-wife Elin Nordegren are 'friends now' and 'get along really well' 'Closer now than they were when they were married,' an insider says Sure to be a page-turner! Chrissy Metz wears colorful tropical fish-themed dress for book signing in Los Angeles The This Is Us star Vanessa Trump 'filed for divorce from Donald Trump Jr after her family's multi-million dollar windfall' from her late father's investments A family affair! Jennifer Garner and her ex Ben Affleck put on a united front as they take their children to church In Pacific Palisades on Sunday Rumors continue to swirl that Matt Damon is planning a move Down Under where his 'great friend Chris Hemsworth enjoys the quiet life away from Hollywood'Picture perfect!

Leonardo Di Caprio shares snap with Dame Jane Goodall and Moby at 'inspiring' LA fundraiser Titanic actor went casual Brooklyn Beckham flashes new pin-up tattoo which looks VERY similar to Playboy model new flame Lexi Wood Seen sharing a kiss Puppy love!

Liev Schreiber, 50, and girlfriend Taylor Neisen, 26, dote on pet pooch during bundled up NYC outing Quick trip to the dog park Justin Bieber dodges crazed female fan with gift waiting for him in parking lot after spin class The pop star dodged a determined female fan Camila Cabello bundles up as she heads to Vancouver for the first night of her tour Miami singer's first ever solo tour after leaving Fifth Harmony Mistress of Wendy Williams' husband ducks for cover and runs a red light after being spotted in New York while still wearing a huge diamond ring Top of the crops!

Emily Ratajkowski showcases her flawless abs as she strides through LAX in Cup Noodles crop top The newlywed model grabbed a snack Model behavior!

Elsa Hosk flaunts her supermodel figure wearing lace crop top and matching skirt for photo shoot The 29-year-old stunner Depressed Elvis killed himself, his ex-wife says: Priscilla, 72, claims he 'knew what he was doing' when he died from drug-related heart attack Kendra Wilkinson reunites with Hank Baskett for kids' soccer game... days after filing for divorce She filed for divorce on Friday'Our next chapter together': Cardi B and Offset go social media official with their baby news after rapper confirms pregnancy Shared their happiness Keeping it casual!

Justin Theroux rocks ripped jeans and a green coat as he enjoys a casual Sunday in NYC He has an apartment in the West Village Romee Strijd flashes her trim waist as she poses in yellow plaid pants and fuzzy jacket in NYC She made the sidewalk her runway'He doesn't want to grow old alone': Russell Crowe is 'ready to debut his new relationship with mystery girlfriend' after raking in $3.7M from 'divorce auction'A Quiet Place starring John Krasinski and Emily Blunt tops box office as it debuts with $50million The thriller edged out Ready Player One Khloe Kardashian cradles bump while bouncing on 'birthing ball' as she awaits arrival of baby girl Modeled a red and black Nike sweater Then & wow, FEMAIL unveil the women who look better now than ever: Elizabeth Mc Govern The transformation of Downton Abbey star Retail therapy!

Rihanna looks stunning in a quirky floral skirt and jacket as she goes shopping in Italy She hit the Gucci store in Milan on Saturday Olivier Awards 2018: Bryan Cranston declares 'older white men' no longer have 'free reign' as he throws his support behind Time's Up movement How Hamilton hip-hopped to glory: Musical dominates UK's Olivier Awards and wins seven of 13 categories Broadway hit made it across the pobd Olivier Awards 2018: Hamilton is the night's big winner with seven awards... but hit musical fails to beat Harry Potter And The Cursed Child's record He's still got it!

Prince Charles mingles with church parishioners over a cup of tea - and two excited fans can't help but photobomb his picture Calamity Charles!

Prince, 69, says bits of him 'keep falling off' and here are the details of the future king's huge catalogue of injuries over the years'I'm 21, a Virgo, Cali-Girl, and I have cystic acne': Riverdale star Lili Reinhart gets real about skin issues with post showing her using spot treatment Benedict Cumberbatch and his wife Sophie Hunter enjoy date night at star-studded Avengers: Infinity War fan event Child-free night Gavin Rossdale is forced to halt his performance and keep zealous fans at bay as they storm the stage during Bush concert in Atlantic City Jenna Dewan spotted without her wedding ring as she steps out in LA following Channing Tatum split Slipped into a stylish denim midi dress Serena Williams dances to remixed nursery rhymes and shows off mini-me daughter Alexis Olympia Posted a cute clip Not a bad view!

Bella Hadid showcases defined torso and sizzling legs as she poses in her underwear against Tokyo skyline 'Found in translation'Elizabeth Olsen flaunts her braless cleavage in plunging leather dress at star-studded Avengers: Infinity War fan event Hugged her figure Brooklyn Beckham splits with Chloe Moretz: Teen is spotted passionately kissing Playboy model Lexi Wood in West Hollywood tattoo parlor Fun in the sun!

Reese Witherspoon dances with son Tennessee on seaside veranda in flirty blue dress Beamed as she stood behind her dancing son Today's headlines Most Read The real booster! Mark Zuckerberg sits tall on an inches-thick extra cushion for his Congressional testimony Mark Zuckerberg tells Congress Facebook is 'working with' Mueller's investigators as lawmakers demand... Facebook will 'always' be free (at least, for those who don't mind seeing ads), says Zuckerberg Check your Facebook account NOW: Site launches a tool to reveal if your private data has been compromised in...'This has gone too far!'

White House says Trump has had it with Justice Department targeting lawyer Michael... European Commission investigators raid Rupert Murdoch's Fox HQ in London as part of continent-wide probe... Apple i OS 11.3 update BREAKS i Phone 8 devices that have had screens repaired by a third-party'I'm an emotional wreck!'

Twitter users are left 'heartbroken' over Netflix movie Irreplaceable You,... Katie Cassidy turned down the chance to date Prince Harry because she didn't want to be known as his 'girl'Former Silicon Valley star TJ Miller is arrested at La Guardia Airport for 'calling in a fake bomb threat'...

The divided states of America: Major health study warns US is at breaking point as the wealthy coasts thrive... Desperate father whose wife gave birth three months early on Mexico vacation appeals for help to pay medical...'Real Housewives of New Jersey' star says she and her autistic son were kicked out of a public library... You’ve been washing your towels all wrong!

Expert reveals how to keep them fluffy – and the first step is... EXCLUSIVE: Where's Khloe?!? Tristan Thompson caught on video locking lips with a sexy brunette at Manhattan... Texas border control agent arrested for killing girlfriend, 27, and her one-year-old child then claiming he...

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Founded by William Booth over 130 years ago, it is dedicated to fighting against sin and despair. The programs in the Salvation army are designed to assist children, women, elderly men, families and those who are battling or who have battled addiction.

Homeless Shelters

"Homeless Shelters Sometimes people fall on hard times and they have nowhere left to go. When this happens, many people turn to homeless shelters so that they have a place to live temporarily.

People can stay at these homeless shelters for a short amount of time so that they can get their life back on track and still have a safe place to sleep.

Many homeless people take advantage of homeless shelters, not only do homeless shelters provide a safe place to sleep, they also have numerous other services such as job training and soup kitchens to help those who stay there get back on their feet. Many homeless shelters are non-profit organizations and are often times associated with churches or government.

The amount of homeless shelters in the country is growing and the Department of Housing and Urban Development has shown in recent studies that about 5 million Americans qualify to take advantage of these shelters each year.

With the growing poverty rate, you can expect these numbers to continue to rise. Supporting Organizations The Salvation Army is a social service organization that also functions as a religious group as well.

Gospel Rescue Missions help people in need, including homeless people. The services offered are not discriminated on race, age, religion, color, origin or any other determination.

Department of Veterans Affairs offers many special programs that are designed to help homeless veterans specifically. Even though the programs are limited to veterans and the ones who depend on them, their programs constitute the largest network of homeless treatment and help services in the country.

Feeding America is the biggest domestic hunger relief charity in the country. It provides food assistance to more than 25 million low-income people in the United States.

This is also including over 9 million children and almost 3 million seniors. Government Assistance Programs There are many different Federal programs that help those with disabilities. Some of the better ones are the Social Security Disability Insurance (SSD) and Social Security Supplemental Income (SSI) programs. Both of the listed programs are administered by the Social Security Administration. These programs filter applicants and only those that qualify through their medical criteria may qualify for the benefits of either of the programs.

The difference in the programs are that Social Security Disability Insurance (SSD) gives benefits to you and your family members if you have ""insurance"" (as in you have paid Social Security taxes).

With Social Security Supplemental Income (SSI), it pays you based on financial need and has no bearing on whether you have a disability or not. Poverty Affects Your Family on Every Level Maintain a Positive Attitude Even in Troubling Situations The Gap Between the Rich and Poor Continues to Widen Poverty is a Prevailing Problem in the United States Depression Can be Treated with Self-Help Methods "

The history of the Salvation Army began in 1865, when William Booth established an evangelical and philanthropic organisation to preach salvation from sins and propagate purity of life among the poor and destitute people of London's East End.

"The Origin and Early Development of the Salvation Army in Victorian England Dr Andrzej Diniejko, D. Litt. in English Literature and Culture, Warsaw University; Contributing Editor, Poland [ Victorian Web Home —> Religion —> The Church of England —> Victorian Evangelicals]Introduction

William Booth and his wife Catherine Mumford Booth, who grew up in the most turbulent time of the Industrial Revolution, believed that evangelical work among the poor must be accompanied by well-organised social relief work. Theological Roots The Salvation Army, founded by William and Catherine Booth, aimed to continue the tradition of socially committed evangelicalism which dated back to John Wesley 's Methodism and American revivalism propagated by James Caughey. Booths' dogma was John Wesley's Arminian theology of “free salvation for all men and full salvation from all sin.” (Murdoch 2)The Christian Mission (1865-1878)In early 1865, William and Catherine Booth received invitations to preach in London. William began preaching outside the public house in Whitechapel Road called The Blind Beggar, trying to save the souls of people that were not particularly welcomed by the established churches.

In late 1865, the Booths founded the Christian Revival Association, an independent religious association, which was soon renamed the East London Christian Mission.

It was organised after the Wesleyan tradition. In 1867, the Christian Mission acquired the Eastern Star, a run-down beer shop, for 120 pounds, and turned it into its first headquarters known as the People's Mission Hall, which began to perform two functions: religious and social. It housed people for all-night prayer vigils, known as the Midnight Meeting movement, and also sold cheap food to the needy.

(Rappaport 101-2)Left: General William Booth. Right: Mrs. Catherine Booth both by George Edward Wade. The East London Christian Mission, which operated as a charitable religious movement, was one of some 500 Christian missions established in the East London slum areas, but it soon began to distinguish itself by its unconventional social work, setting a number of mission stations across East London with the aim to spread the salvation message and to feed and shelter the destitute.

In 1870, Catherine Booth started a social scheme called “Food for the Million” aimed at helping the poor and destitute. The Mission set up five outlets in East London, which were administered by Bramwell Booth and James Flawn.

Hot soup was always available day and night and a modest dinner of three courses could be bought for sixpence, but due to insufficient funding this scheme had failed by 1874.

(Inglis 197)During its first years, the Christian Mission, restricted by a system of commissions and conferences, showed a slow progress in East London because it lacked funds, a firm doctrine, a stable organisational basis and devoted assistant evangelists, who could effectively address the unchurched working-class masses.

When revivalist preaching produced a relatively little effect among the East End's, “heathens” as they were called by the Booths, a new strategy was devised. The Mission began to use new methods of approaching the attention of slum dwellers through militant language, uniforms, popular music, and a Victorian love of public spectacle.

Since theatres could not operate on Sundays, William Booth decided to hire one for the Mission's Sunday services. His first choice was the Oriental Theatre (Queen's Theatre) in Poplar, which offered music-hall entertainment and had a capacity of 800 people. Next Booth hired the Effingham Theatre, which was described as one of the “dingiest and gloomiest places of amusement in London,” but it could accommodate 3000 people.

Booth's Sunday services were announced by sensational advertisements like: “Change of performance, ” or “Wanted 3000 men to fill the Effingham Theatre. The Rev. William Booth will preach in this theatre on Sunday next evening.” (Bennett 22) Booth attracted an audience of 2000 which listened to his preaching with great interest. His strategy was to combine serious preaching with popular entertainment, like that in music-halls. William Booth and his wife Catherine adhered to the idea of militant or aggressive Christianity, and they believed that autocratic leadership was more effective in spreading evangelisation to uneducated and unchurched working-class masses than traditional forms of pastoral care.

In 1870, William Booth assumed the position General Superintendent of the Christian Mission and became “the undisputed leader of the organization.” (Bennett 45) The popularity of the Christian Mission was growing steadily, particularly outside London, in spite of difficulties and opposition, and by 1878 it had 30 stations and 36 missioners in various locations across the United Kingdom.

As Pamela J. Walker has written,The Christian Mission was part of a broad evangelical missionary effort to reach the urban working class.

Its theology drew on Methodism, American revivalism, and the holiness movement. William Booth's open air preaching was similar to the work that had been done by evangelicals for decades. The Mission, however, differed from other home missions. The authority it granted women, its emphasis on holiness theology and revivalist methods, its growing independence, and its strict hierarchical structure were all features that sharply distinguished it from its contemporaries.

The Christian Mission was created in the midst of the working-class communities it aimed to transform. It fashioned an evangelical practice from the geography and culture of the working-class communities it strived to convert.

[42]The Birth of the Salvation Army In 1878, when William Booth was dictating a letter to his secretary George Scott Railton, he used a phrase “The Christian Mission is a Volunteer Army.” His teenage son Bramwell heard it and said: “ Volunteer, I’m not a volunteer, I’m a regular or nothing!” (Gariepy 9) This prompted William Booth to substitute the word “Salvation Army” for the “Volunteer Army,” which became the new name of the Christian Mission.

The last of the Christian Mission conferences, held in August, 1878, adopted unanimously the new military programme of the Salvation Army.

Uniforms, Flags and Tambourines The Salvation Army developed its new image by emulating the structure and conduct of a military organisation. In the Christian Mission the male evangelists wore modest frock coats, tall hats and black ties. Women evangelists wore plain dresses, jackets and plain Quaker -type bonnets which protected them from being hit by a disrespectful mob that not infrequently threw at them cow manure, bad eggs, or stones.

Women also wore brooches with an S letter. After the Mission became the Salvation Army, a type of uniform, modelled on Victorian military garb, was adopted.

In the 1880s, the Salvation Army, which resembled a quasi-military organisation, began to establish its mission stations all over Britain and also overseas. These mission stations were called “corps.” Their members wore distinctive quasi-military uniforms, had ranks ranging from “ Cadet” (a candidate for ministry), through “Lieutenant” and “Captain” to the highest one “ General” vested in William Booth.

Rank-and-file members were called “soldiers” and new converts were “captives.”Salvationists used military vocabulary to describe their religious practices. For example, revival meetings were “sieges,” places of worhip were “citadels” or “outposts,” daily Bible readings were called “rations.” Birth was referred to as the “arrival of reinforcements, ” and death was “promotion to glory” (Taiz 20).

These military metaphors seemed to be more appealing to the masses than traditional preaching. The first flag of the Salvation Army, designed by Catherine Booth, was presented to Coventry Corps in 1878.

Initially, it was crimson with a navy-blue border, which symbolised holiness, and a yellow sun in the middle, which was later replaced by a star, that signified the fiery baptism with the Holy Ghost. The motto written on the star, 'Blood and Fire', stands for the blood of Christ and the Fire of the Holy Ghost.

According to a contemporary estimate, at the close of the year 1878 the Salvation Army had 81 corps and 127 officers, of whom 101 had been converted at its own meetings. (Briggs 700)Thanks to these transformations the Salvation Army became stronger, better organised and more effective.

The Army's unconventional evangelistic and social activity, which was manifested by lively processions with banners, cornets and tambourines, appealed to the working-classes more than traditional preaching. The Salvation Army was a neighborhood religion. It invented a battle plan that was especially suited to urban working-class geography and cultural life.

Religious words were sung to music-hall tunes; circus posters and theater announcements were copied so closely that observers often failed to distinguish them; preachers imitated the idiom of street vendors; and congregations were encouraged to shout out responses to the preacher, much as they might in the music halls. Salvationists culled techniques from contemporary advertising and revivalism. Their military language aptly expressed Salvationists' command to do battle with the enemy.

The Army regarded pubs, music halls, sports, and betting as its principal rivals, yet its ability to use popular leisure activities as its inspiration was a major facet in its success.

[Walker 2]The Social Wing of the Salvation Army According to Norman H. Murdoch, “by 1886 the Salvation Army's growth had come to a halt in England — much as the Christian Mission's growth had ceased in East London by 1874” (113) — mostly because William Booth primarily preached the need for salvation, i.e. redemption from sin and its effects, but overlooked social work among the poor and destitute. In the mid 1880s, the Salvation Army developed new strategies which aimed to deal with the poverty and squalor of urban slums.

Street preaching, home meetings, prayer groups and Bible study were supplemented by social action. Francis S. Smith, who was for some time a Salvation Army commissioner in the United States, and William Thomas Stead, one of the most distinguished Victorian journalists and a dedicated supporter of the Salvation Army (later a Titanic victim), contributed to the rise of the Social Wing of the Salvation Army.

They argued convincingly that the Army should not concentrate on pure evangelism only, but must be involved more actively in social work in order to win converts from the lower classes. William Booth quickly understood these arguments and he endorsed the new strategy which was to involve the Salvation Army in Christian social reform.

Smith and Stead helped Booth to write In Darkest England and the Way Out (1890), an important manifesto, which proposed social and welfare schemes aimed to eradicate poverty, squalor and unemployment in congested urban areas through organised labour exchanges, food distribution networks, co-operative workshops and farms, and emigration of surplus labour to the British colonies.

The Salvation Army magazine, All the World from 1893, reported that in the period from November 1, 1892, to October 1st, 1893, the Social Wing of the Salvation Army provided 3,886,896 meals, 1,094,078 men were sheltered, 1,987 passed through Elevators (work establishments), 267 were provided with situation, 159 passed to Farm Colony and 180 men from Prison-Gate Home were sent to situations (477).

Besides, the Salvation Army promoted job creation schemes by encouraging local authorities to employ unemployed people in roadwork and tree-planting on public roads. In 1893, the Army also expressed 'great interest' in the formation of a Government Labour Department, which would gather statistics and information about vacant jobs. By 1900, the Salvation Army had opened its own labour exchange in London to help poor people find jobs.

However, it was not until 1909 that Parliament passed a law which provided for the establishment of nationalised labour exchanges. The social ministry of the Salvation Army became one of its most valuable assets in the last decade of Victorian Britain.

In Darkest England Booth's book, In Darkest England and the Way Out, made a shocking comparison between darkest Africa and contemporary England. The General pointed out that of the thirty-one million population of Great Britain, three million people lived in what he called “darkest England.” Next he described his ideas how to apply the Christian faith to an industrialised society.

The book became an instant bestseller “selling roughly 115,000 copies within the first few months after its publication ” (Robert Haggard 73).

Almost immediately Booth received sympathetic responses not only from common readers but also from wealthy individuals, who promised to make substantial donations. The title of Booth's book alludes to Henry Morton Stanley’s famous travel narrative, In Darkest Africa (1890). The general message of the book was that the subhumane living conditions in English urban slums were not different from those in Africa.

As there is a darkest Africa is there not also a darkest England? Civilization, which can breed its own barbarians, does it not also breed its own pygmies?

May we not find a parallel at our own doors, and discover within a stone's throw of our cathedrals and palaces similar horrors to those which Stanley has found existing in the great Equatorial forest?

[18]Booth wanted the general public to fully realise that England was still a divided nation, and the divide between the rich and the poor threatened the spiritual and economic development of the nation.

The Equatorial Forest traversed by Stanley resembles that Darkest England of which I have to speak, alike in its vast extent – both stretch, in Stanley's phrase, “as far as from Plymouth to Peterhead;” its monotonous darkness, its malaria and its gloom, its dwarfish de-humanized inhabitants, the slavery to which they are subjected, their privations and their misery.

That which sickens the stoutest heart, and causes many of our bravest and best to fold their hands in despair, is the apparent impossibility of doing more than merely to peck at the outside of the endless tangle of monotonous undergrowth; to let light into it, to make a road clear through it, that shall not be immediately choked up by the ooze of the morass and the luxuriant parasitical growth of the forest — who dare hope for that?

At present, alas, it would seem as though no one dares even to hope! It is the great Slough of Despond of our time. [19 ]The book provided shocking facts and statistics about England's poor, the majority of whom were homeless, jobless and starving. Booth estimated that one tenth of Britain's population, which he called the 'submerged tenth', lived in abject poverty and destitution.

Shocked by the ugliness, misery and the grinding deprivation of slum dwellers, under the influence of his wife and collaborators William Booth devised a social relief programme to remedy the moral, spiritual and physical destitution of the poor.

It was expressed succinctly by the slogan “soup, soap and salvation,” which served as the ideological basis of the Salvation Army. Booth's social engineering scheme had some affinity with that proposed earlier by Thomas Carlyle. Both of these Victorian sages were concerned with the moral and material conditions in England. Booth included extracts from Carlyle's Past and Present in Darkest England. In writing his book Booth also drew on the social ideas of Cobbett, Disraeli, Ruskin, Morris, among others.

Booth's treatise was aimed at revealing the economic, social, and moral problems of poverty, squalor, homelessness and unemployment in England at the end of the Victorian era.

He then presented a number of proposals for a great reconstruction of the nation by eliminating squalor, poverty, destitution and vice from congested slum districts.

His welfare scheme proposed the establishment of homes for orphaned children, rescue centres for women and girls who were affected by prostitution and sex trafficking, rehabilitation centres for alcoholics and ex-prisoners.

Besides, he planned to organise a Poor Man's Banker Service, which would make small loans to labourers who wanted to buy tools or start a trade, and a Poor Man's Lawyer Service, as well as establishments for industrial labour of unemployed, co-operative farms, and oversea colonies for people who could not find steady employment in England. Booth's programme was founded on both evangelical philanthropy and imperial ideology. His intention was to revitalise England's redundant labour within Britain's imperial expansion.

Booth drew attention to the Salvation Army by advocating a rather simple proposal. If private donors agreed to contribute L100,000, he would establish a number of city workshops and farm colonies to elevate the moral and material condition of the London poor.

Within the workshops and colonies, the poor would be required to submit to strict discipline and moral supervision. They were also expected to take their work seriously. Those who graduated from one of the city workshops would be transferred to a farm colony in England; later, after they had proven themselves as farm laborers, they would be allowed to migrate overseas, either to a Salvation Army farm colony in Canada or Australia or to a homestead of their own.

Pursuant to these goals, the Salvation Army purchased a one-thousand-acre estate in Essex for mixed farming and brick manufacture in 1891. By 1893, the Salvation Army had organized five city colonies in London providing work for 2,700 people — a match factory, a creche-knitting factory, a book-binding factory, a laundry, and a text-making and needlework factory; the Salvation Army also sponsored eighteen labor bureaux and a registry office for unemployed domestic servants.

Although seemingly quite expensive, many people believed that Booth's program would be cost effective over time, particularly in comparison with the Poor Law.

[Haggard 72]In Darkest England provoked a relatively positive response. “Few books upon their first appearance have received so much attention, ” wrote an enthusiastic donor in the Contemporary Review, who himself gave 1,500 pounds for the Social Wing schemes (Inglis 204) After the publication of Booth's book the number of individual philanthropists, who aided the General with money and moral support, grew considerably.

Many of Booth's ideas were implemented during his life, others were put into action in the 20th century when the state welfare system began to operate.

Rescue Shelters The Salvation Army ran different types of shelters for men and women in London and other locations in Britain as well as overseas. The cheapest one was the penny sit-up shelter. Its inmates were allowed to sit on a bench in a heated spacious hall all night long. However, they could not lie down and sleep on the bench. If an inmate could spare another penny, he could get a rope put across the bench and was allowed to sleep hanging over the rope.

The inmates were woken up abruptly early at daybreak because the rope was cut, and they had to leave the shelter which was then cleaned and ventilated.

Another type of shelter, which cost four-penny, was called a 'coffin house' because homeless people could sleep in wooden boxes which looked like coffins. The package included hot breakfast in the morning. In some shelters soup and bread were also on offer.

In the 1890s the Salvation Army started again the soup for the poor scheme. In 1896, the Salvation Army distributed 3.2 million meals, provided lodgings for 1.3 million, and found employment for 12,000 men. By 1890, it had provided a substantial amount of charitable relief through its twelve food depots, sixteen night shelters, thirteen refuges for women, and numerous soup kitchens.

The Salvation Army also held annual clothing and blanket drives, sold life insurance, and owned a savings bank during the 1880s. [Henry R. Haggard 72]The first night shelter for men was opened in 1888 at 21 West India Dock Road in Limehouse. Next shelters were opened at 61A St John's Square, Clerkenwell; 272 Whitechapel Road, Whitechapel; and at 83 Horseferry Road, Westminster.

Some of the shelter occupants could hope to get employment in factories, which Salvationists called, Elevators, because they were to elevate the moral character and the self-respect and capacity of the destitute people. They were trained in carpentering, brushmaking firewood, baskets, paper sorting, tinwork, shoemaking, matchmaking. Others could be sent to the large farm at Hadleigh, where they were trained in agricultural jobs. The farm at Hadleigh-on-Thames, which contained 1,500 acres, trained men in agriculture, joinery, and making of bricks and shoes.

About 1,200 men served as colonists during a year. Of these more than 300 were discharged because they were unwilling to work or were irreformable drunkers.

(Briggs 709) The Salvation Army also made efforts to secure occupation for them in the British Dominions. Rehabilitation of Prostitutes In 1881, a Whitechapel Salvationist Elizabeth Cottrill began to take to her home at 1 Christmas Street women who had fallen into prostitution, or who were homeless, destitute and vulnerable.

Her house soon became overcrowded and another house was rented in nearby Hanbury Street for the fallen women.

Each woman who entered the Hanbury Street Shelter had to put a penny through a little hatchway to receive in return a mugful of hot, strong, well-sweetened tea, with a slice of bread spread with dripping. Women ate and drank, sewed, knitted, talked, and waited for the evening service in the big hall. They could wash their dirty clothes in the wash-house.

For threepence, they could get supper, bed and breakfast. At nine they had to go to bed. Their bedsteads were wooden boxes, placed close side by side. Bedding consisted of seaweed and a large leather sheet with a strap round the neck to prevent its slipping off.

The rule of the Shelter was: bed at nine, rise at six, and all out by eight. Attached to the woman's Shelter was a place for mothers and their babies.

In the mid 1880s, Bramwell Booth and his wife Florence Soper Booth, joined Josephine Butler, a social reformer and feminist, and the journalist Thomas Stead in their campaign against the white slave trade.

Bramwell Booth, together with W. T. Stead, exposed trafficking of young girls for prostitution. In July 1885, the Pall Mall Gazette published a series of articles, “The Maiden Tribute of Modern Babylon, ” which described how its editor, W. T. Stead, arranged for the purchase of thirteen-year old Eliza Armstrong for five pounds from her alcoholic mother, with the mother’s full consent that the girl would be put in a brothel.

(Bartley 88) Although Stead's investigative journalism was controversial, the articles created a wide public outcry. Catherine and William Booth sent a petition to the House of Commons in support of the Criminal Law Amendment Act, which in the course of 17 days received 393,000 signatures.

Ultimately, Parliament passed the Criminal Law Amendment Act in 1885, which raised the age of consent from 13 to 16.

(Berwinkle 105)In the same year, William Booth proposed in the Salvation Army weekly newspaper War Cry a “New National Scheme for the Deliverance of Unprotected Girls and the Rescue of the Fallen.” ” Bramwell and his wife established in London an office for women who were victims of sexual exploitation and formed volunteer Midnight Rescue Brigades to search for streetwalkers in “Cellar, Gutter, and Garret,” offering them Army's homes of refuge. Temperance William and Catherine Booth were committed to temperance throughout all their lives. They castigated excessive drinking and prostitution as the root of all evil.

In 1853, Catherine Booth heard the American temperance crusader, John Bartolomew Gough (1818-1886) at Exeter Hall in London. She was inspired by his arguments and devised a temperance campaign of house-to-house visitation, which she later implemented within the framework of the Salvation Army's social rescue work.

By the 1880s Catherine Booth made the Salvation Army “the world's largest abstinence society.” (Mumford 30)The Salvation Army ran several homes for “inebriates,” this term referred to people addicted to alcohol, morphine and laudanum. Hillsborough House Inebriates' Home located on Rookwood Road, London, accommodated female patients, who were first admitted free of charge, but in the late 1890s they were expected to contribute 10s. per week towards the cost of their maintenance. Patients usually stayed in the Home for twelve months, or for a shorter period.

When the cure was completed, they were returned to their husbands if they were married, and some unmarried patients were sent out to positions, such as servants or nurses, on condition that the authorities of the Home gave them a satisfactory opinion. Match Girls Strike Many workers (mostly women), who were employed in the matchmaking industry suffered from necrosis, or “ phossy-jaw,” which affected workers who dipped the sticks into the phosphorus paste.

Young women, who were carrying boxes of poisonous matches on their heads, were bald by age 15. In 1891, the Booths started a campaign against Bryant and May's match factory in London. William Booth bought a derelict factory in Old Ford, London and fitted it with machinery and employed workers to manufacture safety matches.

Booth’s match boxes carried the inscription: “Lights in Darkest England. ” Soon his competitors decided to produce safety matches, which did not cause necrosis. Labour Emigration In Darkest England William Booth conceived the idea of overseas colonies for English surplus labour. The earliest recorded emigration occurred as early as 1882, when the Salvation Army participated in recruitment of women emigrants for Australia. Then, in 1885, a regular series of notices appeared in the Army's magazines advertising emigration to Australia, South Africa, and Canada.

The first emigration ship sailed with 1,000 people from Liverpool for Canada in 1905. By the summer of 1908, more than 36,000 migrants had travelled to the British Dominions under the auspices of the Army. Funds At the outset, the Booths established an independent Christian organisation with virtually no money and no property. In the mid 1860s they began their missionary work with financial help from nondenominational evangelical societies.

(Murdoch 170) The Christian Mission received some funding from the Evangelization Society and a few dedicated private donors. In 1867, Booth set up a Council of ten prominent philanthropists to assist him in the work of the Mission and conceived a more effective fundrising plan.

By the early autumn 1869, he had raised 1,300 pounds, with another 1,600 pounds promised, 2,900 pounds altogether. (Bennett 37) This money was spent on the purchase of the People's Market, which was converted to the People's Mission Hall in 1870.

In the same year Booth dissolved the Council and set up a Conference, which consisted of the Booths themselves and evangelists in charge of various Mission stations. The financial situation of Booth's organisation was still bad and debts were not cleared until 1872. In April 1870, The Christian Mission Magazine called for donations and voluntary offerings to keep the Mission going.

The Soup Kitchens, run by the Mission between 1870 and 1874, which offered cheap meals to the poor, did not bring substantial revenue to cover the debts of the Mission. In order to carry his social ministry William Booth was completely dependent on the funds donated by the general public and organisations.

The first balance sheet of the Salvation Army for the year ended 30th September 1879 shows total receipts of 7,194 pounds, of which 4,723 pounds (59%) was received from “outside sources.” (Irvine 14) During the next decade receipts of the Salvation Army exceeded 18,750,000 pounds. This was due, amongst others, to a more effective fundraising under the control of Bramwell Booth. In September 1886, when the first “Self-Denying Week” was organised, the Salvation Army started a programme of a systematic small financial contributions as well as large donations, gifts and legacies.

Additionally, William Booth decided that each corps must be responsible for raising their own funds.

At the end of 1888, Booth requested the Home Secretary to provide funds for the Salvation Army in the annual amount of 15,000 pounds to improve the inhumane conditions of the “ vast numbers of men and women” in East London slums. The request was rejected, but Booth managed to raise 102,559 pounds from individual philanthropists to start implementing this scheme.

(Irvine 17) By the end of the Victorian era, the Salvation Army had been widely recognised as an important Christian social relief organisation and developed effective fundraising techniques which helped it extend its social work in Britain and overseas.

All donations collected from individuals and the amount donated were publicised in the annual reports. Oversea Activity Confession of an Indian. [Click on image to enlarge it and to obtain more imformation. ]In 1880, the Salvation Army opened its missions in the United States, in the following year in Australia; in 1882 in Canada; in 1887 in Jamaica; in 1898 in Barbados; and in 1901 in Trinidad.

By the end of the century, the Salvation Army established its posts in several European countries, India, South Africa, and South America. In the 1890s, the Salvation Army had some 45,00 officers in Britain and 10,000 worldwide. Opposition and Recognition The unconventional activity of the Salvation Army began to provoke opposition. Many denominations, including the om1.html Church, regarded William Booth's open-air evangelism with suspicion because it allowed women to preach.

The politician Lord Shaftesbury condemned the activities of the Salvation Army and described William Booth as the “Antichrist. ” (Gariepy 31) The magazine Punch called him “Field Marshal Von Booth. ” (Benge 164) Apart from that, the Army “soldiers” were initially often persecuted by authorities and mobs.

From the outset the activity of the Salvation Army stirred controversy and resentment in some circles. Critics described Booth's social schemes as totally utopian and impractical. They also put into question the honesty of the General and his family and accused him of authoritarianism.

Thomas Huxley, natural scientist and agnostic, wrote twelve letters to The Times in which he tried to discourage people from giving Booth money for his scheme. He described Booth's venture as “autocratic socialism masked by its theological exterior. ” (7) Charles Bradlaugh, a political activist and atheist, is said to have died muttering: “General Booth's accounts, General Booth's accounts.” (Inglis 208)Many people did not like the Salvation Army parades with loud singing and shouting.

Brewers feared that the temperance actions would diminish alcohol consumption. Owners of drink stores organised gangs of thugs, who called themselves the Skeleton Army to disrupt the activities of the Salvation Army.

They followed Salvationists' processions carrying skull and crossbones banners and dirty dishcloths on broom handles. Their intention was to mock the practices of The Salvation Army. Meetings were also disrupted by loud jeering, stone and rat throwing.

The most violent disturbances against the Salvation Army occurred in 1882, when 56 buildings were attacked and 669 Salvationists were brutally assaulted in provincial towns such as Honiton, Frome, Salisbury and Chester. (Swift 186, 193) However, in spite of violence and persecution, some 500,000 people were on and off under the ministry of the Salvation Army in Britain in the last quarter of the 19th century.

However, the Salvation Army began to gain powerful supporters too. Winston Churchill, who was then the Undersecretary of State, agreed with Booth's social ideas. Cardinal Manning, the Head of the Catholic Church in Britain, wrote a letter to General Booth sympathising with him in his efforts to ameliorate the condition of the London poor.

(The Mercury, Nov. 7, 1890 ) Charles Spurgeon, a Particular Baptist preacher, known as the 'Prince of Preachers', also expressed his support for the General. He wrote: “Five thousand extra policemen could not fill [the Salvation Army's] place in the repression of crime and disorder.

” (Benge 165)Gradually, the Salvation Army began to earn respect from both the lower and upper strata of society. Although Queen Victoria never gave her official patronage to the activities of the Salvation Army, she sent Catherine Booth the following message in 1882: “Her Majesty learns with much satisfaction that you have, with other members of your Society, been successful in your efforts to win many thousands to the ways of temperance, virtue, and religion.

” (Walsh 185) Towards the end of the Victorian era the Salvation Army became widely recognised as the champion of the poor and destitute. By the end of the Victorian Era the social work of the Salvation Army had become officially recognised.

In 1902, Booth was invited to attend the coronation of King Edward VII, and in 1907 he received an honorary doctorate from Oxford University. A number of religious leaders expressed support to the social work of the Salvation Army, and Robert William Dale, a Congregationalist church leader, said that “the Salvation Army was a new instrument for social and moral reform.

” (Inglis 205)Conclusion The Salvation Army grew from an obscure Christian Mission, established in East London in 1865, into an effective international organisation with numerous and varied social programmes. By the end of the Victorian era it had become one of the most successful Christian social relief organisations which was not only engaged in street preaching but also in a variety of social services for the poor, destitute and homeless.

Its programmes, such as rescue homes for sexually-abused women and rehabilitation centres for alcoholics, drug addicts, juvenile delinquents, and ex-prisoners, anticipated similar welfare programmes in the twentieth century.

Although the Salvation Army generally revealed conservative attitudes towards a liberal society, and its members often lived in self-imposed cultural isolation, it nevertheless supported first-wave Christian feminism by allowing women to preach and carry out social work. The spiritual and social ministry of the Salvation Army stirred the social conscience of many Victorians and contributed significantly to a number of welfare reforms in Britain and elsewhere. Related Material William Booth: Founder of the Salvation Army Catherine Mumford Booth: The ""Mother"" of the Salvation Army and an Early Christian Feminist William and Catherine Booth: A Chronology of Founders of the Salvation Army The Hallelujah Lasses Bibliography and Further Reading Victorian Web Religion Biblio- graphy Last modified 11 April 2013 "