are chia seeds and chia pets the same

Chia Pets are American styled terracotta figurines[1] used to sprout chia,[2] where the chia sprouts grow within a couple of weeks[3] to resemble the animal's fur or hair.[4] Moistened seeds of chia (Salvia hispanica)[2] are applied to the grooved terra cotta figurine body.

Chia Pet

Marketed by Joe Pedott[3] and produced by San Francisco, California-based company Joseph Enterprises Inc.,[5] the first Chia Pet, Chia Guy was created on September 8, 1977.[1] A trademark registration was filed on Monday, October 17, 1977.[6] Pedott first learned about Chia Pets when he attended a housewares show in Chicago in 1977.[3] Chia Pets achieved popularity in the 1980s following the 1982 release of a ram, the first widely marketed Chia Pet.[1] The catchphrase sung in the TV commercial as the plant grows in time lapse is "Ch-ch-ch-chia!". This catchphrase originated at an agency brainstorming meeting, where one of the individuals present pretended to stutter the product name.[3] As of 2007, approximately 500,000 Chia Pets were sold annually,[3] and they are sold only during the holiday season.[2] Originally made in Mexico, Chia Pets are now produced in China.[3]

A range of generic animals has been produced, including a turtle,[7] pig, puppy, kitten,[5] frog, and hippopotamus.[8] Cartoon characters have also been licensed, including Garfield, Scooby-Doo, Looney Tunes, Shrek, The Simpsons, and SpongeBob.[5] Additionally, there are Chia Pets depicting real people, including Barack Obama.[5]

Joseph Enterprises also sells replacement seeds for Chia products and also sells chia seeds in bulk as a nutritional supplement.[9]

All include seeds for three plantings and drip tray. All include "Watch-Me-Grow Chia Card" as of wave 7, excluding Ram and Bull, which were discontinued with wave 4, Chia Crocodile, which was introduced in wave 10, and Chia Bear, which was introduced with wave 11. Watch-Me-Grow Chia Cards discontinued with wave 8. All include a Chia Alarm Clock during wave 11 to celebrate the 25th Anniversary of the Chia Pet in 2006, in 2007 could include either the Chia Alarm Clock, Chia Watch, or Mini Chia Cuddly, and in 2008 could include either the Mini Chia Cuddly or a deck of Chia Playing Cards.

A trademark registration was filed for Chia Pet Cuddlies on Thursday, June 29, 2006.[11] Chia Pet Cuddlies are plush toys with soft fabric "Chia" fur bodies. They play the Ch-Ch-Ch-Chia jingle when a paw is pressed. The Chia Pet Cuddlies were only available during the anniversary period.

The Chia Head trademark registration was filed on Wednesday, June 7, 1995.[12] All include seeds for three plantings and drip tray. Include Watch-Me-Grow Chia Card as of wave 7. Watch-Me-Grow Chia Cards discontinued as of wave 8. Chia Guy and Chia Professor include a Chia Alarm Clock during wave 11 to celebrate the 25th Anniversary of the Chia Pet in 2006, in 2007 could include either the Chia Alarm Clock, Chia Watch, or Mini Chia Cuddly, and in 2008 could include either the Mini Chia Cuddly or a deck of Chia Playing Cards.

Introduced in Wave 17, Chia Emoji are Chia Heads constructed of glossy yellow spheres with painted emoticons on them. The chia seeds are planted in the same manner as other Chia Heads.

All include seeds for three plantings and drip tray. Looney Tunes planters included Watch-Me-Grow Chia Card until cards were discontinued with wave 8. Called Licensed Chia originally, then Famous Chia as of wave 10 until 2011. Retitled Licensed Chia Pet as of wave 14. Most Licensed Chia Pets are sculpted as a Chia Head type of planter, with exceptions noted below.

Scooby-Doo!

Chia Kung Fu Panda

Nickelodeon SpongeBob SquarePants

Oakland A's Athletics and Extra Mile

Michigan State Spartans

Nickelodeon Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles

Disney Mickey Mouse

The Joy of Painting

Chia Zombies were released prior to Wave 16 (2014) and are intended as Halloween decor.

All include seeds for three plantings and drip tray. The presidents and 2012 candidates are sculpted as heads, atop a base that is thicker than normal for a Chia Head planter. The Statue of Liberty is sculpted as a bust, and depicts the uplifted right arm holding the torch. The bases of each are printed with black lettering. The line began as Chia: Proud to be American in 2009, and was rebranded Chia: Freedom of Choice in 2012. Chia Obama "Determined" was the only piece to be carried over, repackaged only as Chia Obama.

Shortly after the release of the Chia Obama, Walgreens pulled the product saying it does not fit their image.[14]

All include various things, so each is given a complete listing.

The Chia Chef's Garden is another step in the direction of the Chia Herb Gardens, in this case designed to grow vegetables indoors. The set includes three terra cotta pots, three terra cotta saucers, three Chia Wonder Soil inserts, and six packets of seeds (in sweet basil, tomatoes, and peppers) and recipe/tip book.

All include Chia Growing Mix, Cat Grass seeds (a mix of sweet oat and wheat grass) for three plantings, and a plastic saucer. The purpose of the Chia Cat Grass Planter is to give something tasty and nutritious for cats to eat, rather than one's Chia Pets.

At various times, promotional items were available, packaged with some Chia Collectibles, rather than being available individually.

Available from 2000 to 2001,[15] with most Chia products (except for the Terra Cotta Herb Garden). A Watch-Me-Grow Chia Card displays a changing image of the Chia item it was packaged with in various stages of growth, from the bare Terra Cotta statue, to the fully grown image normally displayed on the packaging. During the time they were available, the cards were rubber-pasted to the front of the packaging, where the usual product image was normally located, though still sealed under the outer layer of shrink-wrap. Watch-Me-Grow Chia Cards were available depicting the following items: Chia Puppy, Chia Kitten, Chia Bunny, Chia Turtle, Chia Pig, Chia Frog, Chia Hippo, Chia Elephant, Chia Cow, Chia Dinosaur, Chia Guy, Chia Kid, Chia Professor, Chia Clown, Chia Lion Cub, Chia Elmer Fudd, Chia Taz, Chia Tweety, and Chia Tree.

Available packaged with all Chia Pets, the two remaining Chia Heads, and the Chia Tree during wave 11 in 2006 to celebrate the 25th anniversary of the Chia Pet.[15] The Chia Alarm Clock is a small plastic LCD alarm clock resembling Chia Puppy at full growth, and plays the Ch-Ch-Ch-Chia jingle as its alarm sound.[18]

In 2007, pack-ins were available with the same items as the previous year, but were expanded. The Chia Alarm Clock continued to be available, but packages could also contain a Mini Chia Cuddly in the shape of the bear cub, or a Chia Watch, which was a simple digital watch with a clear gel watchband having tiny colored images of various Chia Pets stamped on it. Each packaged Chia Pet, Chia Head, or Chia Tree displayed a decal indicating which of the three pack-ins would be found inside. The Mini Chia Cuddly was available with the regular Chia Pets in 2007 and 2008.[19]

In 2008, the pack-ins included only the previously available Mini Chia Cuddly and a new deck of Chia Playing Cards. The cards were of the standard four-suit playing card variety, and had pictures of various Chia Pets in the center of each card.


how many times has nadal won the barcelona open

It is Spain's second most important tournament on the ATP tour after the Madrid Open and the event generally takes place in the last week of April, when temperatures in Barcelona average a daily high of 19 °C (66 °F). Rafael Nadal has won the singles title a record eleven times.

Barcelona Open (tennis)

The Barcelona Open (currently sponsored by Banc Sabadell) is an annual tennis tournament for male professional players. The event has been held in Barcelona, Spain every year since 1953, and is played on clay courts at the Real Club de Tenis Barcelona. It was an event of the Grand Prix tennis circuit between (1970–1989), except in 1971 when it was part of the World Championship Tennis (WCT) circuit, although it was also open to non-WCT players. The tournament is part of the 500 series on the ATP World Tour. It is also known as Torneo Godó, Trofeo Conde de Godó, and Open Banc Sabadell.

ST=Singles Titles / SF=Singles Finals / DT=Doubles Titles / DF=Doubles Finals / TT=Total Titles / TF=Total Finals / (Seniors not included)

NYP=Number of Years Participated / MP=Matches Played / W–L=Wins–Losses / WR=Win Rate / YP=Years Participated / BR=Best Result


in which province is the cradle of humankind

The Cradle of Humankind is a paleoanthropological site about 50 km (31 mi) northwest of Johannesburg, South Africa in the Gauteng province. Declared a World Heritage Site by UNESCO in 1999,[1] the site currently occupies 47,000 hectares (180 sq mi)[2] and it contains a complex of limestone caves. The registered name of the site in the list of World Heritage Sites is Fossil Hominid Sites of South Africa.

Cradle of Humankind

The Sterkfontein Caves were the site of the discovery of a 2.3-million-year-old fossil Australopithecus africanus (nicknamed "Mrs. Ples"), found in 1947 by Robert Broom and John T. Robinson. The find helped corroborate the 1924 discovery of the juvenile Australopithecus africanus skull known as the "Taung Child", by Raymond Dart, at Taung in the North West Province of South Africa, where excavations still continue.

Nearby the site, but not in the site, the Rising Star Cave system contains the Dinaledi Chamber (chamber of stars), in which were discovered fifteen fossil skeletons of an extinct species of hominin, provisionally named Homo naledi.

Sterkfontein alone has produced more than a third of early hominid fossils ever found prior to 2010.[3] The Dinaledi Chamber contains over 1500 H. naledi fossils, the most extensive discovery of a single hominid species ever found in Africa.[4]

The name Cradle of Humankind reflects the fact that the site has produced a large number of (as well as some of the oldest) hominin fossils ever found, some dating back as far as 3.5Â million years ago.[5]

In 1935, Robert Broom found the first ape-man fossils at Sterkfontein and began work at this site. In 1938, a young schoolboy, Gert Terrblanche, brought Raymond Dart fragments of a skull from nearby Kromdraai which later were identified as Paranthropus robustus. Also in 1938, a single ape-man tooth was found at the Cooper's site between Kromdraai and Sterkfontein. In 1948, the Camp-Peabody Expedition from the United States worked at Bolts Farm and Gladysvale looking for fossil hominids but failed to find any. Later in 1948, Robert Broom identified the first hominid remains from Swartkrans cave. In 1954, C.K. Brain began working at sites in the Cradle, including Cooper's Cave. He soon would initiate his three-decade work at Swartkrans cave; it would result in the recovery of the second-largest sample of hominid remains from the Cradle. The oldest controlled use of fire by Homo erectus was also discovered at Swartkrans and dated to over 1 million years ago.[6][7]

In 1966, Phillip Tobias began his excavations of Sterkfontein which are still continuing and are the longest continuously running fossil excavations in the world. In 1991, Lee Berger of the University of the Witwatersrand discovered the first hominid specimens from the Gladysvale site making this the first new early hominid site to be discovered in South Africa in 48 years. In 1994, Andre Keyser discovered fossil hominids at the site of Drimolen. In 1997, Kevin Kuykendall and Colin Menter of the University of the Witwatersrand found two fossil hominid teeth at the site of Gondolin. Also in 1997, the near-complete Australopithecus skeleton of "Little Foot", dating to around 3.3 million years ago (although more recent dates suggest it is closer to 2.5 million years ago), was discovered by Ron Clarke. In 2001, Steve Churchill of Duke University and Lee Berger found early modern human remains at Plovers Lake. Also in 2001, the first hominid fossils and stone tools were discovered in-situ at Coopers. In 2008, Lee Berger discovered the partial remains of two hominids (Australopithecus sediba) in the Malapa Fossil Site that lived between 1.78 and 1.95 million years ago.

In October 2013, Lee Berger of the University of the Witwatersrand commissioned geologist Pedro Boshoff to investigate cave systems in the Cradle of Humankind for the express purpose of discovering more fossil hominin sites. Cavers Rick Hunter and Steven Tucker discovered hominid fossils in a previously unexplored area of the Rising Star/Westminster Cave System assigned site designation UW-101. In November 2013, Lee Berger led a joint expedition of the University of the Witwatersrand and National Geographic Society to the Rising Star Cave System near Swartkrans. In just three weeks of excavation, the six-woman international team of advance speleological scientists (K. Lindsay Eaves, Marina Elliott, Elen Feuerriegel, Alia Gurtov, Hannah Morris, and Becca Peixotto), chosen for their paleoanthropological and caving skills, as well as their small size, recovered over 1,200 specimens of a presently unidentified fossil hominin species. The site is still in the process of being dated. In September 2015, Lee Berger and the University of Witwatersrand, in collaboration with National Geographic, announced the discovery of a new species of human relative, named Homo naledi, from UW-101.[8][9][10] Most remarkably, besides shedding light on the origins and diversity of our genus, H. naledi also appears to have intentionally deposited bodies of its dead in a remote cave chamber, a behaviour previously thought limited to humans.[11][12] In the last days of the Rising Star Expedition, cavers Rick Hunter and Steven Tucker discovered additional fossil hominid material in another portion of the cave system. Preliminary excavations at this site, designated UW-102, have begun and yielded complete hominid fossil material of its own. It is unknown what the relationship of sites 101 and 102 is.[13][14][15]

There are more than three dozen fossil-bearing caves in the Cradle of Humankind, including:

The hominin remains at the Cradle of Humankind are found in dolomitic caves and are often encased in a mixture of limestone and other sediments called breccia and fossilised over time. Hominids may have lived all over Africa, but their remains are found only at sites where conditions allowed for the formation and preservation of fossils.

On 7 December 2005, the South African President Thabo Mbeki opened the new Maropeng Visitors Centre at the site.[16]


when did the ambulance service become part of the nhs

Following consultation, on 1 July 2006 the number of ambulance trusts fell from 29 to 13. The reduction can be seen as part of a trend dating back to 1974, when English local authorities ceased to be providers of ambulance services. This round of reductions in the number of trusts originated in the June 2005 report "Taking healthcare to the Patient", authored by Peter Bradley, Chief Executive of the London Ambulance Service, for the Department of Health. Most of the trusts followed government office regional boundaries. Exceptions include Staffordshire Ambulance Service (which had a temporary reprieve), the Isle of Wight (where provision remained with the island's primary care trust), South East Coast Ambulance Service, and South Central Ambulance Service.

NHS ambulance services trust

NHS ambulance services trusts are organisations which provide ambulance services within the English National Health Service.[1]

The National Ambulance Resilience Unit, which provides support to all the English ambulance trusts, was established in summer 2011 and is based in Oldbury, West Midlands.[2]

As of 2018, the 13 NHS ambulance trusts are:[3]

In addition, the Isle of Wight NHS Trust provides ambulance services for the Isle of Wight.

Ambulance vehicles responding to emergencies (blues and twos) are exempt from speed limits under section 87 of the Road Traffic Regulation Act 1984.

23,227 speeding tickets were issued to English ambulance trusts between 2009 and 2014 after they were caught on speed cameras.  Only 400 tickets were upheld. Trust staff are employed to check against the 999 incident logging information for the date and time of the ticket whether the vehicle was on a blue light emergency call.[4]

The number of patients waiting over an hour in an ambulance at a hospital before being admitted doubled in two years.  51,115 patients waited over an hour in 2014-15 which rose to 111,524 in 2016-17.  There is concern that delays in diagnosis can put patients at risk.  NHS Improvement said: “Tolerating ambulance handover delays is tolerating significant risk of harm to patients.”[5]


what is full form of casa in banking

CASA ratio stands for current and savings account ratio. CASA ratio of a bank is the ratio of deposits in current and saving accounts to total deposits. A higher CASA ratio indicates a lower cost of funds, because banks do not usually give any interests on current account deposits and the interest on saving accounts is usually very low 3-4%.[4] If a large part of a bank's deposits comes from these funds, it means that the bank is getting those funds at a relative lower cost. It is generally understood that a higher CASA ratio leads to higher net interest margin. In India, it is used as one of the metrics to assess the profitability of a bank.[5][6]

CASA ratio

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{\displaystyle {CASARatio}=\left({\frac {CASADeposit}{TotalDeposits}}\right)}


who wrote the music for 7 brides for 7 brothers

Seven Brides for Seven Brothers is a musical with a book by Lawrence Kasha and David Landay, music by Gene de Paul, Al Kasha and Joel Hirschhorn, and lyrics by Johnny Mercer, Al Kasha and Joel Hirschhorn.  It is based on the 1954 Stanley Donen film of the same name which is, itself, an adaption of the short story "The Sobbin' Women," by Stephen Vincent Benét, based on the Ancient Roman legend of The Rape of the Sabine Women.

Seven Brides for Seven Brothers (musical)

After a U.S. tour, the musical opened on Broadway in 1982, but quickly flopped.  A fractionally more successful London production followed, and revised versions have met with success in U.S. regional theatres and in amateur productions on both sides of the Atlantic.

In 1850s Oregon, Adam goes into town seeking a wife to run the household that consists of just himself and his six brothers. There he meets Milly, a waitress at a local restaurant. Milly and Adam rush into marriage and immediately return to Adam's remote ranch in the mountains. As soon as they return home, Adam reverts to his true self: an ill-mannered and inconsiderate slob.  Milly meets his six brothers, Benjamin, Caleb, Daniel, Ephraim, Frank and Gideon, all of whom also share Adam's love for all things disorderly. Milly decides to reform the brothers and help them change their ways. She teaches them to dance and then takes them to a barn-raising. There, the six brothers meet six girls they like and start courting them. Conflicts arise when each of the six girls turns out to have her own jealous suitor. Upon returning home Adam reads his brothers the story of The Rape of the Sabine Women, inciting them to kidnap the girls and bring them back home with them.

The brothers kidnap the girls and then cause an avalanche to fall and block the suitors' way, making the brothers' house unreachable until spring.  The girls are crying and furious by the time they reach the house.  An angry Milly scolds the boys and sends them all to live in the barn, and Adam flees up to their hunting cabin in the mountains to live by himself.  They live there all through the Winter, but by the time Spring arrives, the girls miss the brothers' attention and find themselves to be in love. Gideon goes to the cabin and attempts to get Adam to return home by telling him that Milly had a baby girl. A changed Adam returns home to find his wife and newborn daughter waiting for him. The snow clears up and the angry suitors make their way up to the house in the mountains to find that the girls are happy and want to marry the brothers. The story ends with a shotgun wedding of the six remaining couples.

U.S. national tour and Broadway

Seven Brides for Seven Brothers had a successful national tour and then opened on Broadway at the Alvin Theatre on July 8, 1982 after fifteen previews. Directed by Lawrence Kasha and choreographed by Jerry Jackson, the cast included Debby Boone as Milly and David-James Carroll as Adam as well as Jeff Calhoun, Lara Teeter, Craig Peralta, and Nancy Fox. It closed on July 11 after only five performances. It received a Tony Award nomination for Best Original Score.

1985 West End

The musical premiered in the West End at the Old Vic, starting on July 2, 1985 and running for 41 performances.[1] It starred Roni Page and Steve Devereaux and included Michaela Strachan as the bride Liza. The show also played at The Prince of Wales Theatre, Leicester Square produced by Michael Winter. A  cast recording of the London production was released by First Night Records produced by Norman Newell. A 2002 tour of the UK starred Dave Willetts.

A Spanish production premiered at Teatro Nuevo Apolo on August 29, 2003, starring David Castedo as Adam and Xana García as Milly, and directed by Ricard Reguant with choreography by María Giménez.

2005 Goodspeed Opera House

A major revival ran from April 15, 2005 - June 26, 2005 at the Goodspeed Opera House (Connecticut). It starred Jacquelyn Piro Donovan and Burke Moses and was directed by Greg Ganakas with choreography by Patti Colombo. The production earned positive reviews from Variety and The New York Times. The New York Times reviewer wrote: "Goodspeed Musicals has reshaped it with a couple of new musical numbers, Patti Colombo's athletic choreography, welcome humor and a good-natured energy that overshadows many shortcomings."[2] Two songs, "Where Were You?" and "I Married Seven Brothers" were added, "Glad That You Were Born" was revised, and the book was heavily rewritten. With a realistic approach, rustic orchestrations and a focus on the Oregon Trail, the show was quite different from its film predecessor. Plans for a 2005-2006 National Tour of this production failed.[3]

2006 West End revival

A production ran at the West End Haymarket Theatre from August 16, 2006 through November 18, 2006.[4]

Revised 2007 U.S. production

A revised version played at several venues, including the Paper Mill Playhouse (New Jersey) (April 11, 2007 - May 11), North Shore Music Theatre (May 29, 2007 - June 17), Theatre Under the Stars (June 26, 2007 - July 1), and Theater of the Stars (Atlanta) (June 26, 2007 - July 1).

Under the direction of Scott Schwartz, set design was by Tony Award nominee, Anna Louizos and lighting by Tony Award winner Donald Holder.  This production was a hybrid between the literal approach of the Goodspeed production and the slapstick camp of the original film.  Although the reviews were poor, some attention focused on Patti Colombo's acrobatic, athletic, and inventive choreography.[5][6] The 2007 revival is expected to be the version that will be licensed by Music Theatre International for stock and regional use.

UK regional tour (2008)

The musical toured in the UK during 2008, starring Steven Houghton and Susan McFadden, and played in over thirty cities, including The Liverpool Empire.[7]

UK & Ireland National Tour (2013â€“14)

A new restaged version of the show is currently being produced and will open at The Churchill Theatre Bromley on 13 September 2013 before touring the UK & Ireland. The new re-staged production stars Sam Attwater & Helena Blackman and directed/choreographed by Patti Colombo. www.sevenbridesthemusical.com

Regent's Park Open Air Theatre (2015)

In October 2014 it was announced that Regent's Park Open Air Theatre will present Seven Brides for Seven Brothers in 2015. On 1 April 2015 it was announced that the cast would be led by Alex Gaumond as Adam and Laura Pitt-Pulford as Milly.[8] The show opened on the 16 July and received critical acclaim, praised for its choreography and musical arrangements.[9]

2nd US National Tour (2015)

In January 2015, Prather Touring (a subsection of Prather Entertainment Group) produced a National Tour of the production. The tour played at venues in over 30 states and was followed by an 8-week sit-down at the Broadway Palm Dinner Theatre in Ft Myers, FL. The cast was headed up by Justun Hart as Adam and Kate Marshall as Milly. The brothers were played by Wes Drummond (Benjamin), Carver Duncan (Caleb), Matt Casey (Daniel), Ben Cramer (Ephraim), Will Leonard (Frank) and Max King (Gideon). The brides were played by Diane Huber (Dorcas), Danielle Barnes (Ruth / Dance Captain), Kelsey Beckert (Liza), Avery Bryce Epstein (Martha), Corinne Munsch (Sarah) and Kiersten Benzing (Alice). The suitors were played by Sean Cleary (Nathan), Marty Craft (Luke), Joshua Kolberg (Matt), Olin Davidson (Joel), Corey John Hafner (Zeke), and Glenn Britton (Jeb). The cast was rounded out by Dustin Cunningham and Courtney Cunningham as the Hoallums, Michael Weaver as the Preacher and Katharine Gentsch as the Swing. The production was directed by Dean Sobon, choreographed by Kerry Lambert, and music directed by Scott Williams.[10]

"One Man", "Love Never Goes Away", "The Townsfolk's Lament", " A Woman Ought To Know Her Place", "We Gotta Make It Through The Winter", "Spring Dance", and "Glad That You Were Born" were written by Al Kasha and Joel Hirschhorn for the musical.

"Bless Your Beautiful Hide", "Wonderful Wonderful Day", "Goin' Courtin'", and "Sobbin' Women" are from the 1954 film and written by Gene de Paul and Johnny Mercer.

NEW REVISED VERSION


who invented the red and yellow card in football

Kenneth George Aston, MBE (1 September 1915 â€“ 23 October 2001) was an English teacher, soldier, and football referee, who was responsible for many important developments in football refereeing - including the yellow and red card system.[1]

Ken Aston

Born in Colchester, Essex, he graduated from St Luke's College, Exeter (in which George Reader had been taught just after the First World War, and which Sir Stanley Rous had also attended). He qualified as a referee in 1936, working his way through the leagues becoming a Football League linesman in the 1949-50 season, and becoming a League referee. In the Second World War he was rejected by the Royal Air Force because of an injured ankle, and subsequently joined the Royal Artillery before transferring to the British Indian Army, where he finished the war with the rank of lieutenant-colonel and served on the Changi War Crimes Tribunal.

On his return from military service in 1946, Aston became the first League referee to wear the black uniform with white trim which became the standard for referees. Up to that point, referees wore tweed jackets over white shirts with French cuffs, and pants akin to golf knickers. He later explained that when he spied a black flight jacket in the window of a war surplus store, he was delighted with the wonderful assortment of pockets. He immediately bought a couple of the jackets, thinking the pockets would serve him well as a referee. He changed to black knickers, kept the white shirt, and wore the new black flight jacket, creating the black uniform with the apparent white "trim."

The following year (1947), he introduced brightly coloured linesman's flags, one yellow and one red, in place of those provided by the home team, in the home team's colours, which had traditionally been used.[1] He explained that he was doing a game in the midst of a foggy London day. He said that the colours of the home team were beige and chocolate, colours he was unable to see in the fog. He explained that he went to war surplus store on the way home, purchased a pair of red and yellow rain slickers and made a set of brightly coloured flags, which he used thereafter, and was never troubled by fog again.

In 1953 he became Head Teacher at Newbury Park Primary School in Ilford, Essex, and progressed to refereeing senior League matches.

Ken taught many courses, including a series that was recorded for novice referees. He called the series, "Refereeing is thinking."

Aston refereed the 1963 FA Cup Final and the Battle of Santiago, the match between Chile and Italy in the 1962 World Cup.

Aston did not referee any more games either in the 1962 tournament (having strained his Achilles Tendon), or in later World Cups. He was, however, appointed to the FIFA Referees' Committee for 8 years, chairing it for 4. He was in charge of all referees for the 1966, 1970, and 1974 World Cups.

In 1966 Aston also introduced the practice of naming a substitute referee who could take over in the case of the referee being unable to continue for any reason (this eventually evolved into the practice of having a designated fourth official).

He also successfully proposed that the pressure of the ball should be specified in the Laws of the Game. In 1974, he introduced the number board for substitutes, so that players could easily understand who was being substituted.

Following an incident in the England vs Argentina match in the 1966 World Cup, it came to Aston's knowledge that Jack Charlton had been booked by the German referee, Rudolf Kreitlein. Charlton called the press office, where Aston was ensconced (as Head of World Cup Referees), in order to confirm the information that he had read within the newspaper that Kreitlein had booked him. Aston, driving from Wembley Stadium to Lancaster Gate that same evening, had Charlton's confusion in mind during the journey.

On the trip, as he stopped at a traffic light junction at Kensington High Street, Aston realized that a colour-coding scheme based on the same AMBER/YELLOW ('stop if safe to do so') - RED (Stop) principle as used on traffic lights would traverse language barriers and clarify to players and spectators that they had been cautioned or sent off.[2]

Aston later explained that upon arriving at his home, he explained the dilemma to his wife, Hilda. She disappeared into the other room, only to return a few minutes later with two "cards" made of construction paper. She had cut them to fit into his shirt pocket. Thus was devised the system whereby referees show a yellow card for a caution and a red card for an expulsion, which was first used in the 1970 World Cup.

These cards have also been adopted – with appropriate differences depending on the rules – in many other sports too.

Aston became senior lecturer of the Football Association Referees' Panel and Chief Instructor for the American Youth Soccer Organization (AYSO). In 1997, he was awarded the MBE.

A soccer tournament was organized, The Ken Aston Cup, which was a competition to recognize skilled referees. The tournament was held annually in southern California. As long as they were able, Ken and Hilda were the guests of honor on the fields. They drove around the tournament in a golf cart, observing, chatting, and making new friends. Their golf cart carried a Union Jack, making them easy to locate.


what is the meaning behind the name emily

Emily is a feminine name derived from the Roman feminine name Aemilia. The Latin name Aemilia in turn may derive from the Latin word aemulus (or from the same root as aemulus), meaning "rival", but this may be a folk etymology.

Emily (given name)

Emily has been a hugely popular name in the English-speaking world, ranking among the most popular names in the United States, Canada, the United Kingdom, Ireland, Australia, and New Zealand. It held the position for over a decade as the most common name given to girls in the United States but fell to sixth place in 2009.[1] In 2013 it was the sixth most popular name for girls in Australia.[2]

It is also a common name in numerous other countries.[3] Emily and Emma switched off as the number one most popular baby name for thirteen consecutive years until 2009 when Emma placed in second behind Isabella and Emily ranked as sixth. But currently in 2016, it is number one for the most popular baby names, beating the name Emma, which was in 11th place.[citation needed]

"Emily also has literary associations, including Emily Dickinson, evoking images of a woman who is both beautiful and smart," noted a May 11, 2008, Associated Press article.[4]

Alternate forms include:


who played lady penelope in the thunderbirds movie

Sophia Jane Myles[1] (/səˈfaɪ.ə/;[2] born 18 March 1980) is an English actress, best known in film for portraying Erika in Underworld (2003), Lady Penelope Creighton-Ward in the live-action Thunderbirds film, Isolde in Tristan & Isolde and Darcy in Transformers: Age of Extinction, and has received critical acclaim for her television work, particularly as Madame de Pompadour in the Doctor Who episode "The Girl in the Fireplace" and Beth Turner in Moonlight.

Sophia Myles

Myles was born in London. Her mother, Jane (nÃ©e Allan), works in educational publishing, and her father, Peter R. Myles, is a retired Church of England vicar in Isleworth, West London.[3] Her paternal grandmother was Russian,[4] and Myles refers to herself as "half-Welsh, half-Russian".[5] She grew up in Notting Hill and attended Fox Primary School. At the age of 11, she moved with her family to Isleworth and attended the Green School. Following success at her A-levels, she had been planning to study philosophy at Cambridge, but chose to pursue an acting career after being spotted by Julian Fellowes in a school play.[4]

Since 1996, Myles has appeared in a number of films and television productions. In 2001, she got a small role as Victoria Abberline in the thriller film From Hell. She had a supporting role in the 2003 film Underworld, and reprised the character in a brief flashback scene in its sequel, Underworld: Evolution (2006). In 2003, she starred in the thriller Out of Bounds and played Lady Penelope in Thunderbirds. In 2006, she co-starred as Isolde in the romantic drama Tristan and Isolde.

Myles appeared as Madame de Pompadour in the 2006 Doctor Who episode "The Girl in the Fireplace". The episode was nominated for a Nebula Award and won the 2007 Hugo Award for Best Dramatic Presentation, Short Form.[6] She co-starred in 2006's comedy film Art School Confidential. Also in 2006, she appeared as Lucy Westenra in a BBC adaptation of Dracula. In 2007, she played Freya in Outlander.[7]

Myles was cast in the CBS supernatural television drama Moonlight. She was nominated for the Best Actress Award in 2007 for her role in Hallam Foe from the British Independent Film Award committee,[8] for which she also received a BAFTA Scotland Award. Moonlight won for Best New Drama in the 2007 People's Choice Awards. In 2010, she joined Spooks, a BBC series about a counter-terrorism unit in MI5, for its ninth series, playing Beth Bailey.[9] She appeared in Transformers: Age of Extinction (2014).[10]

Myles began dating David Tennant after filming an episode of Doctor Who.[11] In October 2007, it was reported that Tennant had ended the relationship.[12]

On 27 September 2014, Myles gave birth to a son, named Luke.[13][14]


what passes through the intertubercular groove of the humerus

The bicipital groove (intertubercular groove, sulcus intertubercularis) is a deep groove on the humerus that separates the greater tubercle from the lesser tubercle. The bicipital groove lodges the long tendon of the biceps brachii between the tendons of the pectoralis major on the lateral lip and those of the teres major on the medial lip. It also transmits a branch of the anterior humeral circumflex artery to the shoulder-joint.

Bicipital groove

The insertion of the latissimus dorsi is found along the floor of the bicipital groove. The teres major inserts on the medial lip of the groove.

It runs obliquely downward, and ends near the junction of the upper with the middle third of the bone. It is the lateral wall of the axilla.[1]


who sang i see you baby shakin that arse

"I See You Baby" is a song by British duo Groove Armada. It features Gram'ma Funk on the vocals. The track was also recorded with the chorus line "shakin' that thang" (to replace "shakin' that ass") for various markets around the world, and also for use in American TV commercials. The song was later remixed by Fatboy Slim, with this latter version appearing in airplay. It was also remixed by Futureshock.

I See You Baby

The Fatboy Slim remix featured extensively in a Renault Megane television advertising campaign in the United Kingdom in 2003.[1] The Futureshock dance version is used as the theme for the show MTV Cribs since 2000.

Although the single only peaked at number seventeen in the UK Singles Chart upon its original release on 15 November 1999,[citation needed] it became very popular due to its inclusion on its parent album Vertigo, and various dance compilations. A reissue of the song on the compilation album The Best of Groove Armada saw it reach a new peak of number eleven on the chart almost five years later on 20 September 2004.

The first version of the music video features women in an aerobics class, exercising to the song. Groove Armada's second version of the music video features a security guard, played by David Pires, watching women and some men stripping in a restroom.

^shipments figures based on certification alone


she had the need to feel the thunder meaning

"That Summer started out as a single guy and a married woman meeting at a party. The married woman being ignored by whom she was with, and they snuck off together. Allen Reynolds told me, "Man, I just don't find myself pulling for these characters. It doesn't seem innocently cool." I was thinking that he was right. Going home that night in the truck I started singing she has a need to feel the thunder. Sandy started helping me write the chorus and we got the chorus done. Probably one of the neat things that I love about That Summer is that I think the song is very sexy."[1]

That Summer (song)

"That Summer" is a song co-written and recorded by American country music artist Garth Brooks. It was released in April 1993 as the fourth single from his album The Chase and also appears on The Hits, The Ultimate Hits, The Limited Series and Double Live. It reached number-one on the Billboard Country Charts in 1993. The song was written by Garth Brooks, Pat Alger and Brooks' then-wife Sandy Mahl.

On the 1996 television special, "The Garth Brooks Story", Garth talks about writing the song:

The song is about a teenage boy "far from home" who goes to work for a "lonely widowed woman hellbent to make it on her own". The woman apparently lives on a wheat farm ("wheat fields as far as I could see").

The apparently older woman slowly takes a liking to the young boy, to the point where one night she dons a dress "she hadn't worn in quite a while"; it is then implied by the rest of the second verse that the teenage boy loses his virginity by having sex with the more than willing middle-aged woman.

The third verse takes the now adult man back to the scene of his coming of age, having not seen the woman since long ago. Although the man has been with several other women by this point, he rarely doesn't see her face. And every time he passes a wheat field, he feels her hungry arms again.

"That Summer" debuted at number 54 on the U.S. Billboard Hot Country Singles & Tracks for the week of May 8, 1993.


what was the last diesel submarine in the us navy

Blueback was decommissioned on 1 October 1990 and laid up in the Pacific Reserve Fleet in Bremerton, Washington. She was struck from the Naval Vessel Register on 30 October 1990. With her removal from service, the last warship that was a diesel-electric submarine of the United States Navy had left the fleet, leaving the research submarine USS Dolphin (AGSS-555) as the last diesel submarine of the US fleet.

USS Blueback (SS-581)

USS Blueback (SS-581) is a decommissioned Barbel-class submarine formerly in the United States Navy. She was the second Navy submarine to bear the name.

Blueback was laid down by Ingalls Shipbuilding Corporation of Pascagoula, Mississippi on 15 April 1957. She was launched on 16 May 1959 sponsored by Mrs. Kenmore McManes, wife of Rear Admiral McManes,[clarification needed] and commissioned on 15 October 1959, Lieutenant Commander Robert H. Gautier in command. She was the last non-nuclear submarine to join the United States Navy and was the final conventionally powered combat capable submarine to be decommissioned, leaving the United States Navy with a fully nuclear submarine fleet except for the research submarine USSÂ Dolphin.

Sources differ on the origin of Blueback's name. The Dictionary of American Naval Fighting Ships entry for Blueback states that she is named after a

form of the rainbow or steelhead trout found only in Lake Crescent on the Olympic Peninsula in Washington state. The fish lives in deep water and is bluish black along its upper sides and whitish underneath.[3]

Other sources state that she is named after the

most numerous of west coast salmon species. The blueback salmon[4]... is colored a bright blue with silver sides.[5]

After fitting out, Blueback got underway in January 1960 for a series of acceptance trials in the Gulf of Mexico. She completed that mission and departed Pascagoula on 11 June, bound for the Pacific. She transited the Panama Canal on 7 July and continued on to her home port, Naval Station San Diego. There she was assigned to Submarine Squadron 3 (SUBRONÂ 3), Submarine Force, Pacific Fleet. Blueback then carried out torpedo tube acceptance trials at Keyport, Washington, and underwent a post-shakedown availability at the Mare Island Naval Shipyard. On 23 November 1960, the submarine was accepted for service.

Type training in the San Diego area kept her busy into February 1961. On 11 February, she commenced a two-week availability at the Mare Island Naval Shipyard. Blueback got underway on 28 March for a deployment to the western Pacific during which she participated in 7th Fleet operations and exercises. The submarine left Yokosuka, Japan, on 3 September and sailed submerged to SanÂ Diego, arriving there on 25 September.

After leave and upkeep, Blueback began type training exercises out of SanÂ Diego on 14 October. Four days later, she participated in a fleet exercise off the southern California coast conducted under the auspices of the Chief of Naval Operations (CNO). During the next eight months, the submarine took part in several fleet exercises and visited San Francisco, California, and Seattle, Washington. In July 1962, Blueback entered the Mare Island Naval Shipyard for her first major overhaul.

Upon completion of the overhaul in January 1963, the submarine made port calls at Seattle and at Vancouver, British Columbia. She then left the west coast and proceeded to her new home port, Pearl Harbor, Hawaii. There, the submarine was assigned to Submarine Division 13 (SUBDIV 13). Blueback was involved in local operations from February to early April. On 11 April, the submarine got underway for operations in WestPac. Blueback sailed to Australia to participate in the annual celebration of the anniversary of the Battle of the Coral Sea and visited Brisbane, Melbourne, and Perth. She then continued on to Subic Bay in the Philippines for operations with the 7th Fleet. While on her deployment, Blueback also called at Naha, Okinawa; and at Sasebo, Kobe, and Yokosuka, Japan, before returning to Pearl Harbor on 26 October.

Blueback resumed her former routine in Hawaiian waters and continued local operations into 1964. In March, she suffered damage when a crane toppled over onto her while changing her propeller, necessitating a drydocking for repairs. In the fall and early winter, the submarine made two trips to the vicinity of Wake Island to take part in the evaluations of the SUBROC missile system and Permit-class submarines. In each test, Blueback served as a target ship.

On 17 February 1965, Blueback began her second deployment to the Far East. During the cruise, she made port calls at Naha, Hong Kong, Subic Bay, and Yokosuka, and also was involved in supporting American operations in Vietnam. She returned to Pearl Harbor in June, where she carried out local operations until 7 September. She got underway for Bremerton, Washington, on that day and entered the Puget Sound Naval Shipyard 18Â days later for overhaul.

The yard work ended on 26 September 1966, and the submarine commenced sound trials and weapons tests in Puget Sound. She also provided services for a research and development project conducted near Nanoose, Canada. After a four-day visit to Vancouver, she set sail for Pearl Harbor, where she arrived early in November and began refresher training.

Following three months of preparations and training, Blueback embarked on another tour of duty in the western Pacific on 17 February 1967. During the seven-month assignment, she punctuated periods at sea training and supporting the American efforts in the Vietnam War with port calls at Hong Kong and in Japan at Yokosuka and Sasebo. The submarine returned to Oahu early that fall, arriving in Pearl Harbor on 20 September. After a month of leave and upkeep, she resumed operations in Hawaiian waters. On 19 December, she entered the Pearl Harbor Naval Shipyard for a restricted availability.

In mid-January 1968, the submarine helped prospective commanding officers to prepare for their new assignments at the Pacific Fleet Submarine Force's school. She then acted as a target for several surface ships and aircraft to practice ASW techniques, and engaged in type training and weapons exercises. On 8 July, she began a five-month deployment to the Far East which, in addition to two special operations, also included much time spent in upkeep at Yokosuka. Blueback returned to Pearl Harbor on 3 December.

Very early in 1969, she voyaged to Bremerton, and entered the Puget Sound Naval Shipyard on 17 January for an overhaul. During her subsequent sea trials and training, the submarine visited Nanaimo, British Columbia, and Port Angeles, Washington, before returning to Hawaii early in December. After intensive training during the first three months of 1970, Blueback set sail on her fifth deployment to the western Pacific on 10 April. She carried out lengthy special operations; made brief visits to Yokosuka, Hong Kong, and Guam; and spent time in the Vietnam war zone. The warship ended the cruise at Pearl Harbor on 1 October and began a period of local operations and upkeep. On 12 February 1971, she entered the Pearl Harbor Naval Shipyard for a restricted availability which concluded in late March with trials at sea. Early in April, she took part in SUBASWEXÂ 1-71 in the Pearl Harbor area. After conducting torpedo firing exercises, Blueback entered upkeep at Pearl Harbor.

She began another Far eastern assignment on 25 June and arrived at Yokosuka on 12 July for a week of upkeep before beginning a month of operational training at sea. The submarine next visited Sasebo for 10 days and then continued on to Hong Kong for a liberty period. Blueback traveled south to the Vietnam war zone to render training services to destroyer units of the 7th Fleet and then returned to Japan for upkeep at Yokosuka. On 11 October, the submarine got underway for more training at sea. She paused once again at Yokosuka before sailing for Hawaii on 29 November. She arrived back in her home port on 14 December.

Local operations occupied her during the first 10 weeks of 1972; then, the submarine began a lengthy overhaul at the Pearl Harbor Naval Shipyard on 29 March. Nearly a year later early in March 1973, she finished the yard work, commenced local operations and trained in preparation for deployment. She sailed for the Orient on 8 August and, while there, participated in several operations with other American warships as well as with naval forces from Korea and Taiwan. Among the ports she visited were Yokosuka and Sasebo, Japan; Chinhae and Pusan, Korea; Buckner Bay, Okinawa; Hong Kong; and Subic Bay in the Philippines. On 5 January 1974, Blueback left Subic Bay and visited Keelung, Taiwan, for two days before heading back to Hawaii.

The submarine arrived in Pearl Harbor on 31 January 1974 and commenced a leave and upkeep period. During the remainder of the year, Blueback took part in numerous training operations and exercises. She provided services to surface ships and aircraft, conducted torpedo firing drills, and did another tour preparing prospective commanding officers for the new jobs.

During the first two months of 1975, the submarine continued local operations. In March, she participated in Exercise "RIMPACÂ 75", which included ships from the navies of the United States, Canada, Australia, and New Zealand. Upon completion of this operation, Blueback commenced a restricted availability. Early in June, she resumed local operations including a series of torpedo firing tests, type training, and services to surface and air units. The warship closed out the year in upkeep at Pearl Harbor.

She held sea trials and weapons exercises in January 1976 and began another long overhaul at the Pearl Harbor Naval Shipyard in February. She did not complete those repairs until 1 December. Blueback commenced refresher training 12 days later. In February 1977, she took part in Exercise "RIMPAC 77", then conducted torpedo trials. After a brief period of upkeep, the submarine departed Pearl Harbor on 28 March and proceeded to her new home port, San Diego, arriving there on 8 April. After an inspection and services to aircraft, she set out for San Francisco on 27 May, made a brief visit, and returned to San Diego on 1 June to prepare for duty overseas. On 21 June, the submarine got underway for Santa Marta, Colombia. Upon arriving there on 7 August, she joined Task Force 138 to participate in UNITAS XVIII. The task force also included USS Mahan, USS Capodanno, and USS Vreeland. During the deployment, Blueback visited ports in Colombia, Panama, Ecuador, Peru, and Chile. She departed Talcahuano, Chile, on 27 September and headed back to San Diego. She stopped at Rodman in the Panama Canal Zone, and made a four-day liberty call at Acapulco, Mexico, before reaching San Diego on 11 November.

The submarine began 1978 in upkeep. She got underway on 13 February for a short visit to San Francisco, returned to San Diego on the 21st, and provided services to ships and aircraft in the San Diego area. From 23 April to 23 May, she underwent a battery replacement in preparation for an upcoming deployment. The ship sailed on 30 May for Portland, Oregon, where she represented the Submarine Force at that city's Rose Festival. She then continued north along the coast to conduct an exercise with Canadian forces off Esquimalt, British Columbia. Following this operation, Blueback arrived at Seattle on 23 June for a two-day liberty call before returning to San Diego.

The submarine began a restricted availability on 17 July and, on 8 August, began final preparations for deployment. On 11 September, she got underway for her eighth western Pacific cruise. She touched at Pearl Harbor on the 22nd, but soon pressed on for Japan, and arrived at Yokosuka on 7 October. She next made a run to Chinhae, Korea, for two weeks of joint special warfare and ASW exercises with units of the South Korean Navy. On 5 November, Blueback arrived in Kaohsiung, Taiwan, to participate in ASW exercises with the Taiwanese Navy. From 14 to 24 November, she took part in a 7thÂ Fleet exercise and then proceeded to Sasebo for a leave and upkeep period. Blueback then spent five days at Hong Kong from 6 to 11 December before heading on to Subic Bay where she arrived on 13 December to close out the year in upkeep.

Blueback got underway on 5 January 1979 to provide target services for ships of the 7th Fleet undergoing ASW training. She then took part in special warfare exercises with Army Special Forces troops. On 22 January, the submarine arrived at Subic Bay for upkeep. Nine days later, she set out on a submerged voyage back to the United States and reached San Diego on 1 March.

After a few weeks of leave and upkeep, the submarine took up local operations again and continued so engaged until beginning a tender availability on 14 May. She resumed local operations again on 12 June. Blueback sailed north on 18 August to visit Astoria, Oregon, and Seattle, Wash., returning to her home port early in September. Following a minelaying exercise off the southern California coast between 17 and 20 September, the submarine entered drydock on 1 October. She began sea trials on 27 November and then provided ASW services before closing the year in a holiday leave and upkeep status.

Blueback spent the first three and a half months of 1980 in local operations and exercises in preparation for overseas movement. Blueback departed San Diego on 15 April and completed her submerged transit of the Pacific at Okinawa on 11 May. The submarine then took part in ASW exercises in the Philippine Sea. She began upkeep at Yokosuka on 18 May and then got underway for special operations. Blueback began the month of June in upkeep at Sasebo but soon returned to sea to participate in joint exercises with South Korean forces. After another period of upkeep and liberty at Sasebo, she got underway on the 22nd for ASW operations in cooperation with the Japanese submarine Isoshio. At the conclusion of the exercise, Blueback visited Beppu, Japan, before heading for Subic Bay, where she arrived on 8 July. After upkeep, the submarine participated in an ASW exercise in the South China Sea with several ships of the 7th Fleet.

On 22 July, Blueback began a six-day journey to Chinhae to take part in extensive exercises with the South Korean Navy. Early in August, the submarine visited Sasebo and Subic Bay. She conducted special warfare operations from 18 to 21 August and then entered port at San Fernando on northern Luzon. She got underway on 25 August for ASW operations with ships of the Royal Navy. After a final call at Subic Bay, the submarine began her voyage back to home port on 15 September. She entered SanÂ Diego on 15 October and began post-deployment leave and upkeep. Then came several days of type training in nearby waters followed by holiday leave and upkeep to close out the year.

In February 1994 the Oregon Museum of Science and Industry (OMSI) towed Blueback to Portland, Oregon, where she now rests as an interactive part of the museum and a memorial. Her propeller was removed and installed outside the museum as a National Submarine Memorial. OMSI offers guided tours of the submarine several times a day. The vessel was added to the National Register of Historic Places in September 2008.[2][6]

The radio room has been restored by the USS Blueback Radio Club with both historic military radios and operational modern amateur radio gear which use the original military HF and VHF antennas. The submarine's radio call sign is now W7SUB.[7][8]

Blueback (SS-581) earned two battle stars for her Vietnam War service.

Blueback appeared in the episode "Samurai" of the 1970s television series Hawaii Five-O.[9][10]

Blueback appeared in the 1990 movie The Hunt for Red October, although she did not perform the famous stunt of an emergency main ballast tank blow during an emergency surfacing procedure seen in the film. A film crew was allowed on board to film a torpedo room scene and some of her crew were paid $50 (USD) each to have their hair cut and to put on Soviet Navy uniforms for the scene, but the scene was not included in the film.

Blueback also is referred to in Season 2, episodes 10 and 11, of the TV show Portlandia. The Mayor of Portland, played by Kyle MacLachlan, is lost while kayaking on the Willamette River, and upon seeing Blueback says "Oh look, there's the submarine, I know where I am." Blueback is visible in the far distance in the episode for approximately one-third of one second.

Blueback was featured prominently in an episode of The Librarians, "And The Rise of Chaos", first aired on 20 November 2016.


who wins at the end of rocky 4

The two boxers continue their battle over the next dozen rounds, with Rocky managing to continually hold his ground, despite Drago's valiant efforts. His resilience and persistence rallies the previously hostile Soviet crowd to his side, which unsettles Drago to the point that he picks Koloff up by the throat and throws him off the ring for berating his performance. In the final round, Rocky overcomes Drago with a knockout, to the shock of the Soviet politburo members watching the match.

Rocky IV

Rocky IV is a 1985 American sports drama film written, directed by, and starring Sylvester Stallone.[2] The film co-stars Dolph Lundgren, Burt Young, Talia Shire, Carl Weathers, Tony Burton, Brigitte Nielsen and Michael Pataki. Rocky IV was the highest grossing sports movie for 24 years, before it was overtaken by The Blind Side.[3] It is the fourth and most financially successful entry in the Rocky film series.[4]

In the film, the Soviet Union and its top boxer make an entrance into professional boxing with their best athlete Ivan Drago, who initially wants to take on World champion Rocky Balboa. Rocky's best friend Apollo Creed decides to fight him instead but is fatally beaten in the ring. Enraged, Rocky decides to fight Drago in the Soviet Union to avenge the death of his friend and defend the honor of his country.

Critical reception was mixed, but the film earned $300 million at the box office. This film marked Carl Weathers' final appearance in the series. Its success led to a fifth entry released on November 16, 1990.

Ivan Drago, a Soviet boxer, arrives in the United States with his wife, Ludmilla, a Soviet swimmer and a team of trainers from the Soviet Union and Cuba. His manager, Nicolai Koloff, takes every opportunity to promote Drago's athleticism as a hallmark of Soviet superiority. Motivated by patriotism and an innate desire to prove himself, Apollo Creed challenges Drago to an exhibition bout. Rocky has reservations, but agrees to train Apollo despite his misgivings about the match. He asks Apollo whether the fight is against Drago, or "you against you?"

During a press conference regarding the match, hostility sparks between Apollo and Drago's respective camps. The boxing exhibition takes place at the MGM Grand Hotel in Las Vegas.[5] Apollo enters the ring in an over-the-top patriotic entrance with James Brown performing "Living in America" complete with showgirls. The bout starts tamely with Apollo landing several punches that are ineffective against Drago, and Drago retaliates with devastating effect. By the end of the first round, Rocky and Apollo's trainer, Duke, plead with him to give up, but Apollo refuses to do so, and tells Rocky not to stop the match "no matter what." Drago continues to pummel him in the second round, Duke begs Rocky to throw in the towel. Eventually, Drago lands one final punch on Apollo, killing him. In the aftermath, Drago displays no sense of remorse commenting to the assembled media: "If he dies, he dies."

Enraged by guilt and the Soviets' cold indifference, Rocky decides to challenge Drago himself. Drago's camp agrees to an unsanctioned 15-round fight in the Soviet Union on Christmas Day, an arrangement meant to protect Drago from the threats of violence he has been receiving in the U.S. Rocky travels to the Soviet Union without Adrian, setting up his training base in Krasnogourbinsk with only Duke and brother-in-law Paulie to accompany him. Duke opens up to Rocky, stating that he actually raised Apollo, and that his death felt like a father losing his son. He expresses his faith in Rocky to prevail. To prepare for the match, Drago uses high-tech equipment, steroid enhancement, and a team of trainers and doctors monitoring his every movement. Rocky, on the other hand, lifts and throws heavy logs, chops down trees, pulls an overloaded snow sleigh with Paulie atop, jogs through heavy snow under treacherous icy conditions, and climbs the largest icy mountain. Adrian arrives unexpectedly to give Rocky her support after initially refusing to travel to the Soviet Union, because of her worry that Rocky would be killed like Apollo.

Before the match, Drago is introduced with an elaborate patriotic ceremony, inspired by Apollo Creed's intro. The home crowd is squarely on Drago's side and hostile to Rocky. In stark contrast to his match with Apollo, Drago immediately goes on the offensive. Rocky takes a fierce pounding, and is thrown and shoved across the ring in the first round, but comes back toward the end of the second round, and cuts Drago's left eye, stunning both him and the crowd. This prompts Rocky to continue punching even after the bell rings. While Duke and Paulie encourage Rocky, they remind him that Drago is not a machine, but rather still human. Drago ironically comments to his trainers that Rocky "is not human, he is like a piece of iron," after his trainers reprimand him for his performance against the "weak" American.

Rocky gives a victory speech, acknowledging that the local crowd's disdain of him had turned to respect during the fight. He compares it to the animosity between the U.S. and the Soviets, and says that seeing him and Drago fight was "better than 20 million", alluding to a possible war between the U.S. and the Soviets. Rocky finally declares, "If I can change, and you can change, then everybody can change!" The Soviet General Secretary stands up and reluctantly applauds Rocky, and his aides follow suit. Rocky ends his speech by wishing his son watching the match on TV a Merry Christmas, and raises his arms into the air in victory as the crowd applauds.

LeRoy Neiman plays the ring announcer in the Creed-Drago match. Burgess Meredith appears as Mickey Goldmill in archive footage. Appearing as themselves are singer James Brown and commentators Stu Nahan, Warner Wolf, R. J. Adams, Barry Tompkins and Al Bandiero.

Wyoming doubled for the frozen expanse of the Soviet Union. The small farm where Rocky lived and trained was in Jackson Hole, and the Grand Teton National Park was used for filming many of the outdoor sequences in the Soviet Union. The PNE Agrodome at Hastings Park in Vancouver, British Columbia, served as the location of Rocky's Soviet bout.

Sylvester Stallone has stated that the original punching scenes filmed between him and Dolph Lundgren in the first portion of the fight are completely authentic. Stallone wanted to capture a realistic scene and Lundgren agreed that they would engage in legitimate sparring. One particularly forceful Lundgren punch to Stallone's chest slammed his heart against his breastbone, causing the heart to swell. Stallone, suffering from labored breathing and a blood pressure over 200, was flown from the set in Canada to Saint John's Regional Medical Center in Santa Monica, and was forced into intensive care for eight days. Stallone later commented that he believed Lundgren had the athletic ability and talent to fight in the professional heavyweight division of boxing.[6]

Additionally, Stallone has stated that Lundgren nearly forced Carl Weathers to quit in the middle of filming the Apollo-vs.-Drago "exhibition" fight. At one point in the filming of the scene, Lundgren tossed Weathers into the corner of the boxing ring. Weathers shouted profanities at Lundgren while leaving the ring, and announcing that he was calling his agent and quitting the movie. Only after Stallone forced the two actors to reconcile did filming continue. The event caused a four-day work stoppage, while Weathers was talked back into the part and Lundgren agreed to tone down his aggressiveness.[6]

Rocky IV is one of the few sport movies that applies genuine sound effects from actual punches, bona fide training methods created by boxing consultants, and a bevy of other new special effects.[7] The film is recognized as being ahead of its time in its demonstration of groundbreaking high-tech sporting equipment, some of which was experimental and 20 years from public use.[8][9] In 2012, Olympians Michael Phelps and Ryan Lochte noted that the training sequences in Rocky IV inspired them to use a cabin similar to what the resourceful Balboa utilized in the film.[10]

Sportscaster Stu Nahan makes his fourth appearance in the series as commentator for the Creedâ€“Drago fight. Warner Wolf replaces Bill Baldwin, who died following filming for Rocky III, as co-commentator. For the fight between Rocky and Drago, commentators Barry Tompkins and Al Bandiero portray themselves as USA Network broadcasters.

Apollo Creed's wife Mary Anne (Sylvia Meals) made her second appearance in the series, the first being Rocky II, although the character was mainly featured in Rocky II. Stallone's future wife, Brigitte Nielsen, appeared as Drago's wife, Ludmilla.

Paulie's robot, a character that through the years has enjoyed a cult following of its own, was created by International Robotics Inc. in New York City. The robot's initial voice was that of the company's CEO, Robert Doornick. The robot is identified by its engineers as "SICO" and is/was a member of the Screen Actors Guild. It toured with James Brown in the 1980s.[11] The robot was written into the movie after it had been used to help treat Stallone's autistic son, Seargeoh.[12]

The Soviet premier in the sky box during the Rockyâ€“Drago match, played by David Lloyd Austin, strongly resembles contemporary Soviet leader Mikhail Gorbachev. Austin later played Gorbachev in The Naked Gun, and Russian characters in other films.

The musical score for Rocky IV was composed by Vince DiCola, who would later compose the music for The Transformers: The Movie. Rocky IV is the only film in the series not to feature original music by Bill Conti, who was replaced by DiCola; however, it does feature arrangements of themes composed by Conti from previous films in the series, such as "The Final Bell". Conti, who was too busy with the first two Karate Kid films at the time, would return for Rocky V and Rocky Balboa. Conti's famous piece of music from the Rocky series, "Gonna Fly Now", does not appear at all in Rocky IV (the first time in the series this happened), though a few bars of it are incorporated into DiCola's training montage instrumental.

Songs from the movie included "Living in America", by James Brown, and also music by John Cafferty ("Heart's on Fire", featuring Vince DiCola), Survivor, Kenny Loggins, and Robert Tepper. Go West wrote "One Way Street" for the movie by request of Sylvester Stallone. Europe's hit "The Final Countdown", written earlier in the decade by lead singer Joey Tempest, is often incorrectly stated as being featured in the film due to its similarity to DiCola's "Training Montage."[citation needed] However, Europe's track was not released as a single until late 1986, after Rocky IV's release.

According to singer Peter Cetera, he originally wrote his best-selling solo single "Glory of Love" as the end title for this film, but was passed over by United Artists, and instead used the theme for The Karate Kid Part II.[13]

Rocky IV grossed $127.8 million in United States and Canada, and $300 million worldwide, the most of any Rocky film. It was the highest-grossing sports film of all time, until The Blind Side (2009), which grossed $309 million (without accounting for inflation).

Stallone has been quoted as saying the enormous financial success and fan-following of Rocky IV once had him envisioning another Rocky movie, devoted to Drago and his post-boxing life, with Balboa's storyline running parallel to Drago's. However, he noted the damage both boxers sustained in the fight made them "incapable of reason", and thus instead planned Rocky V as a showcase of the dangers of boxing.[14]

The film has a 39% approval rating on Rotten Tomatoes, from 43 critics, indicating mixed reviews; the critical consensus states, "Rocky IV inflates the action to absurd heights, but it ultimately rings hollow thanks to a story that hits the same basic beats as the first three entries in the franchise."[15] On Metacritic, the film has a score of 42 out of 100, based on 11 critics, indicating "mixed or average reviews."[16]

Roger Ebert gave the film two out of four stars, stating that with this film the Rocky series began "finally losing its legs. It's been a long run, one hit movie after another, but Rocky IV is a last gasp, a film so predictable that viewing it is like watching one of those old sitcoms where the characters never change and the same situations turn up again and again."[17] Ian Nathan of Empire gave the film two out of five stars, calling the script a "laughable turd" and describing Rocky IV as "the [film] where the Rocky series threw in the towel on the credibility."[18]

Gene Siskel of The Chicago Tribune gave the film a 3.5 out of 4 stars, and stated in his review, "[Stallone] creates credible villains worthy of his heroic character."[19]

Dolph Lundgren received acclaim for his performance as Ivan Drago. He won the Marshall Trophy for Best Actor at the Napierville Cinema Festival.[20] Rocky IV also won Germany's Golden Screen Award.

The film won five Golden Raspberry Awards, including Worst Actor (Sylvester Stallone, along with Rambo: First Blood Part II), Worst Director (Stallone), Worst Supporting Actress (Brigitte Nielsen), Worst New Star (Nielsen, and also for Red Sonja) and Worst Musical Score. It also received nominations for Worst Picture, Worst Supporting Actress (Talia Shire), Worst Supporting Actor (Burt Young) and Worst Screenplay.[21]

Scholars note that the film's strong yet formulaic structure emphasizes the power of the individual, embodied by Rocky, the prototypically American hero who is inventive, determined, and idealistic.[22] They contrast that with Ivan Drago's hyperbolic characterization as a representation of Soviet power in the context of the latter part of the Cold War.[23][24] Writer/director Stallone highlights the nationalistic overtones of the Balboa–Drago fight throughout the film, such as when Drago's wife calls the United States an "antagonistic and violent government," that is filled with "threats of violence" to her husband. Drago's trainer comments that American society has become "pathetic and weak."[25] Drago represents the totalitarian regime, demonstrating his power when he topples an arrogant opponent (Creed).[26] Later on, the radio announcer says, "Ivan Drago is a man with an entire country in his corner."[27] Scholars note that Drago's ultimate defeat — and the Soviet crowd's embrace of Rocky — represents a crumbling of the Soviet Union.[26][28]

Rocky IV has also been interpreted as a commentary on the power struggle between technology and humans, illustrated by both Paulie's robot and the technology utilized by Drago's trainers.[29]

A novelization was published by Ballantine Books in 1985. Sylvester Stallone was credited as the author.[30]

The script development was the subject of a famous copyright lawsuit, Anderson v. Stallone.[31] Timothy Anderson developed a treatment for Rocky IV on spec; after the studio decided not to buy his treatment, he sued when the resulting movie script was similar to his treatment. The court held that Anderson had prepared an unauthorized derivative work of the characters Stallone had developed in Rocky I through III, and thus he could not enforce his unauthorized story extension against the owner of the character's copyrights.


what groups of workers did the knights of labor represent

In 1869, Uriah Smith Stephens, James L. Wright, and a small group of Philadelphia tailors founded a secret organization known as the Noble Order of the Knights of Labor. The collapse of the National Labor Union in 1873 left a vacuum for workers looking for organization. The Knights became better organized with a national vision when they replaced Stephens with Terence V. Powderly. The body became popular with Pennsylvania coal miners during the economic depression of the mid-1870s, then it grew rapidly.[4] The KOL was a diverse industrial union open to all workers. The leaders felt that it was best to have a versatile population in order to get points of view from all aspects. The Knights of Labor barred membership from five groups: bankers, land speculators, lawyers, liquor dealers and gamblers.[5] Its members included low skilled workers, railroad workers, immigrants, and steel workers.[6]

Knights of Labor

Knights of Labor (K of L), officially Noble and Holy Order of the Knights of Labor, was the largest and one of the most important American labor organizations of the 1880s. Its most important leader was Terence V. Powderly. The Knights promoted the social and cultural uplift of the workingman, rejected socialism and anarchism, demanded the eight-hour day, and promoted the producers ethic of republicanism. In some cases it acted as a labor union, negotiating with employers, but it was never well organized, and after a rapid expansion in the mid-1880s, it suddenly lost its new members and became a small operation again.

It was founded by Uriah Stephens on December 28, 1869,[1] reached 28,000 members in 1880, then jumped to 100,000 in 1884. By 1886 20% of all workers were affiliated with the KOL, ballooning to nearly 800,000 members.[2] Its frail organizational structure could not cope as it was battered by charges of failure and violence and calumnies of the association with the Haymarket Square riot. Most members abandoned the movement in 1886-87, leaving at most 100,000 in 1890. Many of them chose to join groups that helped to identify their specific need, instead of the KOL that addressed many different types of issues.[2] Furthermore, the Panic of 1893 terminated the Knights of Labor's importance.[3] Remnants of the Knights of Labor continued in existence until 1949, when the group's last 50-member local dropped its affiliation.

As membership expanded, the Knights began to function more as a labor union and less of a secret organization. During the 1880's, the Knights of Labor played a huge role in independent and third-party movements.[7] Local assemblies began not only to emphasize cooperative enterprises, but to initiate strikes to win concessions from employers. The Knights of Labor brought together workers of different religion, race and gender and helped them all create a bond and unify all for the same cause.[8] The new leader Powderly, opposed strikes as a "relic of barbarism," but the size and the diversity of the Knights afforded local assemblies a great deal of autonomy.

In 1882, the Knights ended their membership rituals and removed the words "Noble Order" from their name. This was to mollify the concerns of Catholic members and the bishops who wanted to avoid any resemblance to freemasonry.[9] Though initially averse to strikes as a method to advance their goals, the Knights aided various strikes and boycotts. The Wabash Railroad strike in 1885 was also a significant success, as Powderly finally supported what became a successful strike on Jay Gould's Wabash Line. Gould met with Powderly and agreed to call off his campaign against the Knights of Labor, which had caused the turmoil originally. These positive developments gave momentum and a surge of members, so by 1886, the Knights had over 700,000 members.

The Knights' primary demand was for an eight-hour day; they also called for legislation to end child and convict labor, as well as a graduated income tax. They were eager supporters of cooperatives. The only woman to hold office in the Knights of Labor, Leonora Barry worked as an investigator and described the horrific conditions in factories, conditions tantamount to the abuse of women and children. These reports made Barry the first person to collect national statistics on the American working woman.[10]

Powderly and the Organization tried to avoid divisive political issues, but in the early 1880s, many Knights had become followers of Henry George's radical ideology known now as georgism. In 1883, Powderly officially recommended George's book and announced his support of "single tax" on land values. During the New York mayoral election of 1886, Powderly was able to successfully push the organization towards the favor of Henry George.[11]

The Knights of Labor was an organization that helped to join together many different types of people from all different walks of life; for example Catholic and Protestant Irish-born workers. The KOL was appealing to them because they worked very closely with the Irish Land League.[12] The Knights of Labor had a mixed history of inclusiveness and exclusiveness, accepting women and blacks (after 1878) and their employers as members, and advocating the admission of blacks into local assemblies, but tolerating the segregation of assemblies in the South. Bankers, doctors, lawyers, stockholders, and liquor manufacturers were excluded because they were considered unproductive members of society. Asians were also excluded, and in November 1885, a branch of the Knights in Tacoma, Washington worked to expel the city's Chinese, who amounted to nearly a tenth of the overall city population at the time. The Union Pacific Railroad came into conflict with the Knights. When the Knights in Wyoming refused to work more hours in 1885, the railroad hired Chinese workers. The result was the Rock Springs massacre, that killed scores of Chinese, and drove all the rest out of Wyoming.[13] About 50 African-American sugar-cane laborers organized by the Knights went on strike and were murdered by strikebreaking thugs in the 1887 Thibodaux massacre in Louisiana. The Knights strongly supported the Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882 and the Contract Labor Law of 1885, as did many other labor groups. But they were not against immigration, the Knights of Labor wanted more regulations, not restrictions.[14]

The Knights of Labor attracted many Catholics, who were a large part of the membership, perhaps a majority. Powderly was also a Catholic. However, the Knights's use of secrecy, similar to the Masons, during its early years concerned many bishops of the church. The Knights used secrecy and deception to help prevent employers from firing members. After the Archbishop of Quebec condemned the Knights in 1884, twelve American archbishops voted 10 to 2 against doing likewise in the United States. Furthermore, Cardinals James Gibbons and John Ireland defended the Knights. Gibbons went to the Vatican to talk to the hierarchy.[15] In 1886, right after the peak of the Knights of Labor, they started to lose more members to the American Federation of Labor. It has been believed that the fall of the Knights of Labor was due to their lack of adaptability and beliefs in the old-style industrial capitalism.[16]

Though often overlooked, the Knights of Labor contributed to the tradition of labor protest songs in America. The Knights frequently included music in their regular meetings, and encouraged local members to write and perform their work. In Chicago, James and Emily Talmadge, printers and supporters of the Knights of Labor, published the songbook "Labor Songs Dedicated to the Knights of Labor" (1885). The song "Hold the Fort" [also "Storm the Fort"], a Knights of Labor pro-labor revision of the hymn by the same name, became the most popular labor song prior to Ralph Chaplin's IWW (Industrial Workers of the World) anthem "Solidarity Forever". Pete Seeger often performed this song and it appears on a number of his recordings. Songwriter and labor singer Bucky Halker includes the Talmadge version, entitled "Labor's Battle Song," on his CD Don't Want Your Millions (Revolting Records 2000). Halker also draws heavily on the Knights songs and poems in his book on labor song and poetry, For Democracy, Workers and God: Labor Song-Poems and Labor Protest, 1865-1895 (University of Illinois Press, 1991).


where is the university of southern queensland located

The University of Southern Queensland (USQ) is a medium-sized, regional university based in Toowoomba, Queensland, Australia,[1] with three university campuses at Toowoomba, Springfield and Ipswich.[2] It offers courses in law, health, engineering, the sciences, business, education, and the arts.[2] USQ has been a leader in distance learning by leveraging technology since the 1970s, which has allowed it to serve rural Queensland and international communities[1] through its on campus, off campus, and external programs.[3]:41 It was winner of the Australian University of the Year Award in 2000-2001.[4]

University of Southern Queensland

It operates three research institutes and seven research centres which focus on a wide range of business, agricultural, scientific, environmental, and technological issues.

The institution was established in 1967 as the Darling Downs campus of the Queensland Institute of Technology. In 1971, it became the Darling Downs Institute of Advanced Education, then the University College of Southern Queensland in 1990 and finally the University of Southern Queensland in 1992.

Queensland Institute of Technology (Darling Downs) opened on 2 February 1967 in Toowoomba. It had 140 foundation students.[5] In 1971, the institute became the Darling Downs Institute of Advanced Education (DDIAE), an autonomous multi-purpose college. DDIAE, managed by its own College Council, began offering distance education in the mid-1970s. By 1980, there were more external students than those on campus and DDIAE educated 75% of the country's international students in the 1986-1987 school year.[5] From 1980 to 1990, DDIAE grew significantly from 1,000 to 8,000 full-time student equivalents (EFTSL).[5] It became the University College of Southern Queensland (UCSQ) in 1990,[5] under the sponsorship of the University of Queensland.[6]

In 1992, the institution became the University of Southern Queensland (USQ) when it gained full university status.[5] USQ was a founding member of the Regional Universities Network that was launched in 2011.[7]

USQ ensures that, as a regional university, its curriculum serves local and regional employment needs, it engages in regional social and economic development, and serves the regional community.[1]

About 4,000 students attend the Toowoomba campus,[8] It is one of Australia's most well-equipped and modern campuses, having Harvard style lecture theatres and syndicate rooms in the School of Business Phoenix Building. In addition to its campus library holdings, it has extensive online databases.[9] The campus has Olympic standard basketball courts, high tech gymnasium equipment, an aerobics center, and netball courts at the Clive Berghofer Rec Center. It has the country's largest, most traditional Japanese garden.[8] Three co-educational residential colleges located on its Toowoomba campus: McGregor, Steele Rudd, and Concannon. Together, they accommodate more than 400[10] or 450 students.[9] Housing includes meals, internet, phones, and weekly cleaning service.[11]

USQ's Springfield campus is located at Springfield, a suburb of approximately 30 kilometres (19Â mi) southwest of Brisbane CBD. The campus has an auditorium, on campus accommodation, and a tavern. Phoenix Radio is its online community radio station serves the Greater Ipswich region and also provides training for students enrolled in the Bachelor of Applied Media program.[12]

USQ Ipswich[a] is located in the growing region of south east Queensland, 55 minutes from the Brisbane CBD. USQ Ipswich offers degrees in nursing and paramedicine as well as tertiary preparation programs. The Campus features an award winning library complete with a rainforest garden and water feature designed to increase air quality and provide an ideal learning environment.[14]

Business, Education Law and Arts (BELA) [15]

Health, Engineering and Sciences (HES) [16]

It provides on-campus education that serves Darling Downs, Wide Bay, and Southern and Western Queensland.[3]:41 as well as flexible learning programs, through online learning or via off campus and overseas education partners[2][3]:41 in southern Africa, Fiji, South-east Asia, Sweden, Norway, and The Emirates. It operates the European Study Center in Bretten, Germany.[3]:41

USQ was voted the Worldâ€™s Best On and Off Campus University in 1998 by the International Council for Open and Distance Education (ICDE)[17][18] The university's studying platform,[4] was commended by the Australian University Quality Agency as an international learning leader.[4] USQ won the Australian University of the Year Award in 2000-2001.[4][5] USQ has 14 fields of research rated at high-qualified world standards by Excellence in Research for Australia (ERA) in 2015. USQ is ranked in the top 5 business programs in Australia by Financial Review Group in 2015. It was the first learning institution to be granted an ISO 9001 Quality System Certificate of Registration in the world.[4]

It maintains high educational standards through a program of centralized, staff-driven decision-making, discipline-based management, and quality assurance practices.[3]:7 A 2002 audit found that its quality assurance program could be more effective with improved systems of central monitoring and reviewing.[3]:7

USQ's research institutes are: [19]

USQ's research centres are: [19]

The University of Southern Queensland has three research institutes[2] and seven research centres[19] which focuses on issues such as agricultural technology, rural health, environmental management, biotechnology, education leadership, web based services, and fibre composite materials.[3]:41 Based on competitive grants won, industry funded research collaborations, and Excellence in Research for Australia (ERA) ratings, USQ has significant and core research strength in the broad area of agriculture and the environment. This core research strength has generated over $10 million in new grant and industry funding, announced by vice-chancellor Bill Lovegrove in 2008,[20] and is the driver of USQ’s ERA "world class" ratings in Agriculture & Veterinary Science and Physical Sciences.[21] USQ has also made commitment to green energy by "taking action to offset its energy requirements with the construction of overhead solar panelling over one of the University’s largest carparks on its Toowoomba campus."[22] "Producing 1.9 megawatts of electricity the first stage of USQ’s Sustainable Energy Solution will also see roof mounted solar panelling collectors and battery storage systems installed across its Toowoomba campus buildings."[23] Professor Jan Thomas said “Not only will the solar solution deliver a measurable reduction in energy related costs for the University but it will also provide a significant platform for research, learning and teaching with students and staff able to study the proficiencies of the renewable energy network against load variations and supply demands...Building and construction projects will demand more efficient use of resources and energy supplies and this project is another way USQ will be able to provide its graduates with skills and knowledge that they can take into industry."[24] USQ has also built projects in the fields of construction industry and space research:

University of Southern Queensland (USQ), Australia, research into the use and benefits of fibre reinforced polymer (FRP) bars to reinforce concrete has been adopted in the design of the Toowoomba City Hall refurbishment project...Dr Allan Manalo, who heads USQ’s research into FRP bars as internal reinforcement to concrete structures through its Centre for Future Materials (CFM), says the application of FRP for the project is a major milestone in the university’s research into composite materials for civil infrastructure...FRP has excellent properties, such as corrosion resistance, lightweight and high strength, which have helped it gain a growing acceptance in the construction industry. Over the past five years, Manalo and his research team have been studying the use of concrete and FRP bars in building a high strength, sustainable and maintenance-free infrastructure.[25]

Receiving a boost through ARC funding, a project led by the University of Southern Queensland (USQ) will look at how to make fly ash produced by coal-fired power stations into ‘green’ cement. The funding will allow the project to employ extra research staff and PhD students to develop a geopolymer-based green cement which will enable the construction industry to decrease its reliance on Portland cement. Unlike Portland cement, geopolymer does not rely on limestone and clay, both non-renewable resources, and does not require heating to around 1450 degrees Celsius for calcination, the process which also drives out carbon dioxide. This project includes researchers from USQ, CSIRO and international experts.[26]

ARC Linkage Infrastructure, Equipment and Facilities (LIEF) funding has enabled the University of Southern Queensland (USQ), in collaboration with The University of New South Wales and The University of Sydney, to start building a dedicated multi-telescope facility at Mount Kent Observatory on Queenslandâ€™s Darling Downs. On the other side of the world, in Arizona, USA, a four-telescope array known as MINERVA (Miniature Exoplanet Radial Velocity Array) scours the northern hemisphere skies for new worlds among the stars. Now Australian astronomers at these universities, with International partners Harvard-Smithsonian Centre for Astrophysics and the University of Pennsylvania, are building a complementary MINERVA-Australis facility. USQ astronomer, Associate Professor Jonti Horner, who is a participant on the LIEF project, said MINERVA was designed to discover Earth-like planets orbiting in the habitable zone of bright, nearby stars.[27]

It serves people who are highly motivated in higher and in-depth study and research while working in a wide range of disciplines. Its student population includes full-time and part-time working students from both Australian urban and rural areas. There is also a significant number of students from other countries. In many graduate programs, such as law, agriculture, and civil engineering, students are mostly working persons who want to engage in research related to their working field. Total student enrolments in 2015 [28] were 28,203, of which 19,796 students studied online/externally. The on-campus enrollments were: 377 at USQ Ipswich, 2352 at USQ Springfield, and 4738 at USQ Toowoomba. It had 2226 on-campus students and 2179 external international students in 2015.[29] Based upon the results of the 2013 International student barometer survey, USQ was named the top university for international student satisfaction in Australia that year.[2]


who sang you're not the one for me

"You're Not the One" is a song by American singer Sky Ferreira from her debut studio album, Night Time, My Time (2013). The song was written and produced by Ariel Rechtshaid and Justin Raisen, with additional songwriting provided by Ferreira and Daniel Nigro. It was released as the album's lead single on September 24, 2013 by Capitol Records.

You're Not the One

The song was well-received by critics, who cited it as a standout track from its parent album and praised its overall sound. Grant Singer directed a music video for the track, which was released in September 2013. The song has been performed by Ferreira on several live events, some of which were television shows.

"You're Not the One" was written in 2012, at a time when—according to Ferreira—she "was in a different headspace". "I had been dating someone for three years, since I was 17, and that person guarded me from everything", she said. Ferreira explained that her life was essentially limited to modelling, crafting songs and "watch[ing] TV", which resulted in her not having a "chance to discover [her]self."[1]

The track was recorded in 2013 by Ariel Rechtshaid, at the Heavy Duty Studios in Los Angeles. Rechtshaid and Justin Raisen produced the track, contributed towards its instrumentation and provided background vocals for the song. The two played the keyboard while they were accompanied by Daniel Nigro when playing the electric guitar; Rechtshaid played the bass and Garrett Ray helmed the drums. During post-production, David Schiffman mixed the song and Emily Lazar mastered it.[2]

During a July 2013 interview with Glamour, Ferreira announced that the track would serve as the lead single from an upcoming extended playâ€”which ultimately became her debut album Night Time, My Time.[3] The single cover for "You're Not the One" was revealed on September 9, 2013, and the song itself was released 15 days later, on September 24.[4][5] An official remix of the track by producer Cid Rim was released online in March 2014;[6] a commercial release of that remix, packaged with three others in a digital EP format, followed in June.[7] In 2015, the Blood Diamonds remix of the song was featured in the commercial for Jimmy Choo's fragrance Illicit.[8]

"You're Not the One" displays a fusion of pop and indie rock styles while incorporating electropop as well.[9][10] Ferreira stated that she conceptualized the track as a "super-poppy version" of David Bowie's eleventh studio album Low (1977); she was told that the song itself resembles the works of singer-songwriter Siouxsie Sioux.[11] Its instrumentation is marked by the mixture of pounding, "crude" percussion and electric guitar riffs, accompanied with "tinny six-stringer scrapes".[12][13][14] Annie Zaleski of The A.V. Club described its sonority as having "gothic overtones" and being a "homage" to the "late-80s" works of band The Cure.[15]

The songs' lyrics were written by Ferreira, Rechtshaid, Raisen and Nigro; they depict a relationship in which two love partners do not express sufficient mutual interest, due to the fact that they do not pursue each other.[2][11] The Washington Post's Lavanya Ramanathan dubbed the song a "breakup tune" and wrote that in it, Ferreira embodies a teenager with "guy problems".[16] For CMJ, Brooke Segarra billed the track as a "sexually assertive" number and interpreted the song's lyrical theme as listing the "mistakes and shortcomings" that come "with sex".[17] Elias Leight of PopMatters wrote that a recurring theme in the album—also represented in "You're Not the One"—is Ferreira's "rejection of the opposite sex".[13]

The song's official remix, produced by Cid Rim, removes the "pop rock" edge of the song in favor of an electronica and hip hop-influenced sound.[6][18] In this version, the verses display handclaps underneath Ferreira's vocals, which are more pitched than in the original and "cut up" as well. Carl Williott of Idolator billed it as "an intriguing listen".[6]

"You're Not the One" received positive feedback from contemporary music critics. Heather Phares of AllMusic selected the song as one of Night Time, My Time's stronger tracks, as did Digital Spy's Lewis Corner; the latter elaborated that it "continues the premise that [Ferreira] has finally emerged as an artist who knows what she wants".[12][19] Bryant Kitching from Consequence of Sound deemed it a musical highlight from the album. Comparing the song's guitar-led opening to "Johnny Marr on a sugar rush", he also called it the album's "most rewarding moment".[20] Writing for magazine Spin, Marc Hogan echoed praise for the song—he described it as "impressively catchy and emotionally communicative" and also said it was "the type of track that might inspire a label to green-light—finally—her debut album".[21] musicOMH's Nina Bertok highlighted the song's mixture of genres and catchiness, and also praised the "killer" chorus.[22] The staff of The Guardian listed "You're Not the One" as the eighteenth best track of 2013, whereas Melissa Locker of Time, who made a similar list, included the song as the nineteenth best of that year.[23][24]

The official music video for "You're Not the One" was directed by Grant Singer, and written and co-produced by V magazine senior editor Patrik Sandberg.[25][26] Ferreira announced plans to shoot a visual for the track in July 2013, and stated that Singer would direct it.[3] According to Singer, the video took nine months to craft; it was originally supposed to be filmed in Berlin so it had a "Christiane F. vibe", however this did not occur due to unknown reasons. Sandberg suggested the twist ending and the use of an ice pick, which he thought should be used as a "narrative tool" instead of just a prop. Singer described the overall video as "sinister and pop".[27] The video was filmed at The Lash, a nightclub in Los Angeles,[28] where Ferreira is seen dancing in front of multicolored lasers.[26][29]

The video begins with Ferreira walking towards a blue projector screen, wearing black sunglasses, a black jacket and a transparent, fishnet-pattern top. Ferreira stops and removes the jacket slowly as a group of voyeurs observes her. During her act, she continuously looks towards a man with shades and long hair, who sips a drink while watching Ferreira. Outside the nightclub, she is seen again with that man—her apparent love interest—as they kiss each other and involve themselves physically. They reencounter in a black room where Ferreira sticks an ice pick on his face; in response, he slaps her, to which she smiles and they start kissing again. After they reenter the nightclub, another man kisses her, while her love interest looks surprised. The latter walks away and finds a woman with whom he starts dancing and kissing, much to Ferreira's sadness. The next morning, she wakes up in a grass field with red marks on her face while holding the ice pick, which is now covered in blood. In a different setting, the man, who is lying on a bed, sees his stomach cut with the word "not", dripping blood as well.[30] Spin's Marc Hogan found the video too "focused on Ferreira's model" abilities to "complement the song effectively".[21]

Ferreira had already been performing "You're Not the One" before its formal release—at her concert on the last day of the 2013 Pitchfork Music Festival, she sang it as the ninth track of her setlist.[3] After the song's digital release, she promoted it on television shows and radio lounges. On November 26, 2013 she sang the track during an appearance on The Late Show with David Letterman, where she wore "opaque black sunglasses" and a black blazer over a "sheer top".[31] Ferreira, who opened the American leg of Miley Cyrus' Bangerz Tour, included the song in her setlist for those concerts.[32] On February 27, 2014—as she was on an interruption from the tour—Ferreira performed the song on Jimmy Kimmel Live.[33] Dressed in a leather jacket, shades and with her hair wet, she was praised by Ben Kaye from Consequence of Sound for her "dazzling rendition" of the song.[34][35] "You're Not the One" was later performed on March 12 of that year on a BBC Radio 1 session.[36]

Digital EP â€“ remixes[7]

Credits adapted from the liner notes of Night Time, My Time.[2]