what is the difference between sandiganbayan and ombudsman

Under the 1987 Philippine Constitution and the Ombudsman Act of 1989, the Office of the Ombudsman independently monitors all three branches of the government for political corruption.  The Ombudsman "is principally tasked to investigate on its own or upon complaint by any person, in any form or manner, any act  or omission of any public officer or employee, including those in government-owned or controlled corporations, which appears to be illegal, unjust, improper or inefficient."[3]  After an investigation, the Ombudsman files charges at the Sandiganbayan, a special anti-graft court.

Ombudsman of the Philippines

The Ombudsman of the Philippines, also known as Tanodbayan ng Pilipinas[2] (using Filipino loan words), is an ombudsman responsible for investigating and prosecuting Philippine government officials accused of crimes, especially graft and corruption.

The Offices of the Ombudsman includes the Ombudsman's own office, along with offices for a team composed of a Sheriff, the Ombudsman's second in command, and six other deputies who lead their respective divisions or bureaus.

The Office of the Ombudsman predates the 1987 Constitution.  There have been several offices established under various presidents of the Philippines whose duties are now subsumed under the Office of the Ombudsman.  President Elpidio Quirino established the Integrity Board in 1950; President Ramon Magsaysay, the Presidential Complaints and Action Commission in 1957; President Carlos P. Garcia, the Presidential Committee on Administration Performance Efficiency in 1958; President Diosdado Macapagal, the Presidential Anti-Graft Committee in 1962; and finally President Ferdinand Marcos, the Presidential Agency on Reform and Government Operations in 1966.[4]

In 1969, the Office of the Citizens Counselor was created by the Republic Act No. 6028.[4] It was primarily designed to conduct fact-finding investigations and make recommendations to Congress and the President.[4]  The office was "not at all implemented".[4] Subsequently Marcos created the Complaints and Investigation Office in 1970 and the Presidential Administrative Assistance Committee in 1971.[4]

None of these were successful.[5] None were independent.[5]

In the martial law-era 1973 Philippine Constitution (Sections 5 and 6, Article XIII), provided for the establishment of a special court called the Sandiganbayan and an office of the ombudsman called the Tanodbayan.[4]  On June 11, 1978, during martial law, the late strong-man President Ferdinand Marcos created by presidential decree the office of the Tanodbayan.[4][6]  The Tanodbayan was not independent but served at the pleasure of the president and could be removed at any time.[6]

After Marcos was overthrown in the 1986 People Power Revolution, Cory Aquino issued two Executive Orders (nos. 243 and 244) in July 1987 that established a new Office of the Ombudsman and transformed the Tanodbayan into the Office of the Special Prosecutor under the Ombudsman.[3]  Following the passage of the 1987 Constitution, the Ombudsman Act of 1989 was passed to define the roles and structure of the Office.[3]

The Ombudsman and its subordinates are appointed by the President of the Philippines from a list submitted by the Judicial and Bar Council for a non-renewable seven-year term. The Ombudsman can be removed from office only through impeachment.


who plays william sutter in suits season 6

In 2015, he appeared as Dr. William Golliher in the Amazon original series Bosch.[6] In 2016, he had a recurring role as shady investor William Sutter on the USA Network drama Suits.

Alan Rosenberg

Alan Rosenberg (born October 4, 1950) is an American stage and screen actor. Rosenberg is perhaps best known for his character Eli Levinson which appeared in both the series Civil Wars and the popular L.A. Law. From 2005 to 2009, he was president of the Screen Actors Guild, the principal motion picture industry on-screen performers' union.

Rosenberg was born and raised in Passaic, New Jersey. He was raised in Conservative Judaism.[2][3] Alan's late brother, Mark, was a political activist in the 1960s, later a film producer. Their first cousin, also from Passaic, is musician/songwriter Donald Fagen, co-founder of the group Steely Dan.[1]

Alan's parents gave him money to apply to graduate school.[3] Rosenberg said that upon graduating in 1972 from Case Western Reserve University, he found another passion, poker, and subsequently gambled away most of the money his parents sent him, leaving him only able to afford one application, to the Yale School of Drama. Rosenberg dropped out halfway through his second year at Yale. His "greatest influence and best friend" while there was classmate Meryl Streep.[1]

In 1979, Rosenberg appeared in the movie The Wanderers, as Turkey. He is also well known for his character Ira Woodbine in the sitcom Cybill. More recently, he was seen in the legal drama The Guardian as Alvin Masterson.

Rosenberg supplied the voice of the bounty hunter Boba Fett on NPR's adaptation of The Empire Strikes Back. Rosenberg is also known for his appearance as the crazed "Mad Bomber" in the 1986 cult-classic Stewardess School and Paul Bartel's screwball comedy Not for Publication opposite Nancy Allen (1984).

In 1991, he appeared in the TV film The Boys.

In 1995, he received an Emmy Award nomination for a guest-starring role in the hit drama ER. He starred in the Temptations miniseries in 1998, as long-time manager Shelly Berger.

In 1999, he began a recurring role as the hospital legal counsel, Stuart Brickman, on Chicago Hope. Halfway through their final season, he was added to the opening titles as a series regular.

He appeared on Broadway in What's Wrong With This Picture and Lost In Yonkers, and off-Broadway in Isn't It Romantic, A Prayer for My Daughter, and Kid Champion. He most recently starred at the Delaware Theatre Company production of Partners, written by Allan Katz.

He was elected the 24th president of Screen Actors Guild (SAG) on September 23, 2005. Rosenberg succeeded Melissa Gilbert, who served as president since 2001 and chose not to run for a third two-year term. Rosenberg received 39.99 percent (10,748 total votes) of the nationwide vote of the Guildâ€™s general membership, defeating Morgan Fairchild and Robert Conrad.

In 2005, he appeared as shady defense attorney Adam Novak in an episode of CSI: Crime Scene Investigation co-starring alongside his real-life wife Marg Helgenberger. Novak was portrayed as a womanizer who encountered Catherine (Helgenberger) in a bar and later became the prime suspect in two homicides. In a 2007 episode "Leaving Las Vegas" he appeared as a lawyer defending a client who turned out to be guilty of two separate crimes, and yet the evidence failed to pin him down, resulting in a not guilty verdict which annoyed Catherine so much that she began to undertake further investigation.

In 2006, he appeared in a recurring role as Bruce Steinerman, the divorce attorney of Dr. James Wilson in the television-series House M.D. He has hosted episodes of the public television program, Life: Part 2,[4] which began in 2007 and is produced in St. Paul, Minnesota. The show features panel discussions about issues that baby boomers face as they age.[5]

From 2016 to the present, he has a recurring role in the Showtime cable series Shameless. He portrays Professor Youens, a college professor who is a recovering alcoholic with Lip Gallagher.

Rosenberg's first marriage was to actress Robin Bartlett.

He met Marg Helgenberger in New York City in 1984, while guest-starring on her soap Ryan's Hope. The two became friends and started dating in 1986. They married in 1989 and have one son, Hugh Howard Rosenberg (born October 21, 1990). On December 1, 2008, Rosenberg and Helgenberger announced their separation.[7] On March 25, 2009, Helgenberger filed for divorce.[8]

As a result of Helgenberger's mother's 27-year battle against breast cancer, Helgenberger and Rosenberg became involved in the fight against breast cancer. Marg helped her mother fight breast cancer. They have hosted a benefit called Marg and Alan's Celebrity Weekend every year in Omaha, Nebraska since 1999.[citation needed]


where is the gulf coastal plain located on a map

The plain reaches from the Florida Panhandle, southwest Georgia, the southern two-thirds of Alabama, over most of Mississippi, western Tennessee and Kentucky, into southern Illinois, the Missouri Bootheel, eastern and southern Arkansas, all of Louisiana, the southeast corner of Oklahoma, and easternmost Texas in the United States.[1] It continues along the Gulf in northeastern northeastern and eastern Mexico, through Tamaulipas and Veracruz to Tabasco and the YucatÃ¡n Peninsula on the Bay of Campeche.

Gulf Coastal Plain

The Gulf Coastal Plain extends around the Gulf of Mexico in the Southern United States and eastern Mexico.

The Gulf Coastal Plain's southern boundary is the Gulf of Mexico in the U.S. and the Sierra Madre de Chiapas in Mexico. On the north, it extends to the Ouachita Highlands of the Interior Low Plateaus and the southern Appalachian Mountains. Its northernmost extent is along the Mississippi embayment (Mississippi Alluvial Valley) as far north as the southern tip of Illinois.[1] To the east the Gulf coastal plain meets the South Atlantic Coastal Plain in southern Georgia along the basin divide between the rivers flowing into the Gulf and those flowing to the Atlantic[2] and south along the Apalachicola River through the Florida panhandle. The flat to rolling topography is broken by many streams, river riparian areas, and marsh wetlands. The Gulf Coastal Plain also extends into southern Mexico.

The northern region uplands are dominated by pine, originally longleaf and slash in the south and shortleaf mixed with hardwoods in the north. These are wildfire-maintained systems that give way to loblolly pine and hardwoods in damper areas and bottomland hardwood forest in extensive lowland drainages. The southern region has tropical and subtropical moist broadleaf forests and western Gulf coastal grasslands. They include large habitats of freshwater wetlands, salt marshes, and coastal mangrove swamps.[3] Much of the lower elevation Gulf Coastal Plain supports wintering waterfowl.[4]

A global satellite study by German and USA scientists spanning the last decade indicates groundwater resources are shrinking due to overuse causing regional water security uncertainty in a changing climate. Surface water quality is declining due to increasing population, depleted streams, and land subsidence along certain coastlines.[5] The Atlantic and Gulf Coastal Plain Aquifer is considered to have low to moderate stress, but the region's economic capacity and land-use patterns signal trends toward a human-dominated stress on water resources.[6]


the evil queen's name in snow white

The Evil Queen, also known as the Wicked Queen or just the Queen, and sometimes instead identified by her given name as Queen Grimhilde, is the primary antagonist in Disney's 1937 animated film Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs and a villain character in the extended Disney's Snow White franchise. She is based on the Evil Queen character from the European fairy tale "Snow White".

Evil Queen (Disney)

In the film, similar to the Brothers Grimm story, the Evil Queen is cold, cruel, and extremely vain, and obsessively desires to remain the "fairest in the land". She becomes madly envious over the beauty of her stepdaughter, Princess Snow White, as well as the attentions of the Prince from another land; such love triangle element is one of Disney's changes to the story. This leads her to plot the death of Snow White and ultimately on the path to her own demise, which in the film is indirectly caused by the Seven Dwarfs. The film's version of the Queen character uses her dark magic powers to actually transform herself into an old woman instead of just taking a disguise like in the Grimms' story; this appearance of hers is commonly referred to as the Wicked Witch or alternatively as the Old Hag or just the Witch. The Queen dies in the film, but lives on in a variety of non-canonical Disney works.

The film's version of the Queen was created by Walt Disney and Joe Grant, and originally animated by Art Babbit and voiced by Lucille La Verne. Inspiration for her design came from the characters of Queen Hash-a-Motep from She and Princess Kriemhild from Die Nibelungen. The Queen has since been voiced by Eleanor Audley, June Foray, Janet Waldo, Eda Reiss Merin, Louise Chamis and Susanne Blakeslee, and was portrayed live by Anne Francine (musical), Jane Curtin (50th anniversary TV special), and Olivia Wilde (Disney Dream Portraits), Kathy Najimy (Descendants), and in an alternative version, by Lana Parrilla (Once Upon a Time).

This version of the classic fairy tale character has been very well received by film critics and the public, and is considered one of Disney's most iconic and menacing villains. Besides in the film, the Evil Queen has made numerous appearances in Disney attractions and productions, including not only these directly related to the tale of Snow White, such as Fantasmic!, The Kingdom Keepers and Kingdom Hearts Birth by Sleep, sometimes appearing in them alongside Maleficent from Sleeping Beauty. The film's version of the Queen has also become a popular archetype that influenced a number of artists and non-Disney works.

In "another land, far away,"[4] "many, many years ago," about the time of fairy tales of castles, knights, fair maidens, romance, magic and witches,"[5] a mysterious and icily beautiful woman with magical powers (a 1938 promotional brochure suggests she is able to work her witchcraft having sold "herself body and soul to the bad spirits" of the Harz mountains[6]) has gained her royal position by seducing and marrying the widowed King, giving her rule over his kingdom before he died. "From that time on the cruel Queen ruled all alone, her every word was law, and all trembled in mortal fear of her anger."[7] The vain Queen owned a magical mirror with which she could look upon whatever she wished. The Magic Mirror shows a haunted, smokey face of her familiar demon[6] which replies to the Queen's requests. She regularly asks the mirror who is the fairest in the realm ("Magic mirror on the wall, who is the fairest one of all?" which is often misquoted as "Mirror mirror on the wall, who is the fairest of them all"[8][9]), and the mirror would always reply that she is.

One day, however, the mirror tells her that there is a new fairest woman in the land, her 14-year-old[10] stepdaughter, Princess Snow White. She became obsessively jealous of the princess' emerging beauty, therefore turning her into a scullery maid in her own home. After observing the handsome Prince from another kingdom singing a love song to Snow White, the proud Queen, in a jealous rage, commands her faithful Huntsman, Humbert, to take the princess deep into the forest and kill her. He is ordered to bring back her heart in a box to prove that he had done so. But Humbert cannot bear to kill the young princess upon realizing that she is impervious to harm, so he tells Snow White of the Queen's plot and tells her to run away and never to come back. To escape the penalty, he comes back with a pig's heart and gives it to the Queen. When she questions her mirror, it again replies that Snow White is the fairest in the land, and that she is living at the cottage of the Seven Dwarfs, revealing that the box contains the heart of a pig. The Dwarfs are fearful of the Queen's black magic but decide to take in Snow White anyway.

Furious that Humbert tricked her, the Queen decides that first Snow White shall die by her own hand and at any cost. She goes down the dungeon to her secret room where she practices her dark magic, complete with a pet raven that "knows all her secrets,"[11] and in desperation uses her spellbook and cauldron to mix a potion that transforms her into a hag. Her beauty is shrouded in ugliness and age, though presumably reversible.[12] She then conjures a poison apple, which will cause "the Sleeping Death",[13] and proceeds to leave the castle via a moat boat. She is sure that no one would know or perform the counter-curse to her spell, and believes the Dwarfs would bury her rival alive, thinking her dead. The Queen comes to the cottage, followed by two vicious vultures, and finds Snow White baking a pie for Grumpy the dwarf. Somehow Snow White's animal friends realize that the old hag is the Queen. After an unsuccessful attempt to warn Snow White by attacking the Queen, they go to warn the Dwarfs of the Queen's arrival. The Queen tricks the princess into letting her inside the cottage and eating the bewitched apple, telling her that it is a magic wishing apple. Snow White takes a bite and falls to the floor, apparently dead.

The Queen rejoices in her victory, but is soon discovered by the angry Seven Dwarfs, who grab pickaxes and chase her deep into the forest as a great storm begins. She climbs up into the mountains, where she gets trapped upon a precipice that overlooks a seemingly bottomless canyon. She tries to push down a large boulder to crush the approaching Dwarfs. Before she can do so, a lightning bolt strikes between her and the boulder, destroying the precipice and sending the Queen (along with the boulder) down the cliff to her death, screaming while she falls to the jagged rocks below (this scream was reused in Sleeping Beauty when Maleficent is stabbed in the heart by the Sword of Truth). As the Dwarfs look wide-eyed over the cliff's edge, they cannot see her, but the vultures descend into the chasm. The Queen's dark reign is over, and her castle is then taken over and the revived Snow White and the Prince who broke the spell. (A 1936 pre-release Good Housekeeping novelization by Dorothy Ann Blank, a member of the film's story team, affirms that the Queen in fact dies: "Far below, in a chasm as dark as her own wicked soul, lay the body of the hateful Queen. No magic would ever bring her to life again."[7])

Early concepts for the film called for a "fat, batty, cartoon type, self-satisfied" Queen. However, Walt Disney became concerned that such an approach would make the character seem less plausible. Sensing that more time was needed for the development of the Queen, he advised that attention be paid exclusively to "scenes in which only Snow White, the Dwarfs, and their bird and animal friends appear."[14] Disney further developed the main plot himself (Ollie Johnston said the film's story was based on the idea that the Queen's character was going to murder "another drawing" and Disney decided to make it appear believable[15]), finding a dilemma in the characterization of the Queen, whom he envisioned as a mixture of Lady Macbeth and the Big Bad Wolf,[16][17] and decided to set on "a high collar stately beautiful type"[18] whose "beauty is sinister, mature, plenty of curves â€“ she becomes ugly and menacing when scheming."[10] According to the 1993 Disney Classics series of trading cards, "she is really two characters, the beautiful evil Queen and the grotesquely evil witch."

The Queen's appearance was inspired by the "ageless ice goddess"[19] character of Queen Ayesha ("She who must be obeyed") from the 1935 film She, played by Helen Gahagan.[20][21] The Queen was originally to be named Grimhilde[10] (but who is never actually named in the film[22]), was also modeled in part on Princess Kriemhild in the 1924 film Die Nibelungen.[23] It is also possible that the Queen's looks may have been inspired by the faces of Joan Crawford[24] and Gale Sondergaard;[25] her costume and figure may have been inspired by a column statue at the Naumburg Cathedral depicting Uta von Ballenstedt, the wife of Eckard II, Margrave of Meissen who was widely regarded as the most beautiful woman of Medieval Germany.[26][27] Also noted was her resemblance to two 1930s American movie stars from Europe, Greta Garbo and Marlene Dietrich.[28] The Queen and Snow White were refined by Grim Natwick and Norm Ferguson, who would often override Walt Disney's instructions.[29] As in the case of other characters for the film, the Queen's appearance had to be approved by Albert Hurter before being finalised.[14] One pre-final version of the queen had her wear a looser hood and a different crown and the edge of her cape was fur trimmed, as it can be seen in Gustaf Tenggren's pictures.[30][31]

None of Art Babbit's lead animation work on the character was rotoscoped[32][33] and the animators were noted to prefer to draw the Queen over Snow White "because she was more real and complex as a woman, more erotic, and driven to desperate acts by her magic mirror."[34] The character, however, turned out to be especially problematic for the animators, as she had to be "regally beautiful, with confined but graceful movements," and "the experiments on her lovely cruel mouth and eyes alone represent drawings enough to fill a paper house."[35] The sequence of her transformation in particular was the film's toughest to visualise using trick effects,[36] especially since Disney insisted on showing how the Queen felt as she changed.[35]

According to a description in her card in the Disney Villains set, "the Witch's ugliness symbolises the evil disguised by the Queen's beauty." Her castle might have been inspired by Spain's Alcázar of Segovia[37][38][39] and the throne she is uses has a peacock motif to symbolise her extreme vanity.[40] The Queen is clad mostly in black and other "negative" dark colors, providing a contrast to Snow White's bright colorful wardrobe,[41] and has "shiny black hair" under her hood.[7] Her royal costume was painted with specially developed paints made to look like satin for her collar and like velvet for her robe.[35] The Queen's music tracks were created with low celio notes, basses, and bassoons; the scribblings in her book of spells were written in Italian.[42]

Notably, the Queen was the first character to ever speak in an animated feature film.[43] She was voiced by Lucille La Verne, who achieved her voice change for the role of the Witch by removing her false teeth.[44] Joe Grant, who contributed the design for her Witch form,[45] noticed La Verne's changing attitude and posture when voicing the Queen and Witch, and sketched these poses and her body language down for animation reference.[46] He also said he based the Witch's concept art on a woman who lived across the street from him.[47] The character's foreign dubbing voice actresses included Jiřina Petrovická in Czechoslovakia, Clara Pontoppidan, Kirsten Rolffes, Lise Ringheim in Denmark, Rauni Luoma and Seela Sella in Finland, Claude Gensac in France, Dagny Servaes in Germany, Ilus Vay in Hungary, Tina Lattanzi and Dina Romano in Italy, Tanie Kitabayashi in Japan, Blanca de Castejón and Cristina Montt in Mexico, Zinaida Sharko in Russia, and Helena Brodin, Hjördis Petterson and Lil Terselius in Sweden.

The Queen was also the first character to meet death in a Disney film.[48] As part of elimination of the original story's more gruesome aspects, and to make Snow White seem more a "nice girl",[6] the Wicked Queen is no longer cannibalistic and her destruction was made "just as certain but more merciful" than in the original story, where she is forced to dance to her death in red-hot iron shoes on her feet as an invited guest at Snow White's wedding.[31][49] Snow White's role in the Queen's demise is removed, and the Queen "dies more neatly and quickly,"[6] as justice is served without resorting to killing or torture. She also invites her own downfall while pushing the boulder, and her fate is only suggested rather than shown.[50] One of the Witch's animators was Ward Kimball, whom Walt Disney also let to draw the two vultures watching her fall "to make it a little easier" for him, as Kimball has been reassigned after his own sequence was cut from the film,[51] since Disney thought these additional dwarfs gag scenes would distract from "the real drama" of the tension between Snow White and her wicked stepmother that was supposed to drive the film.[52]

The original outline of the story featured the Queen's attempt to kill Snow White with a poisoned comb, an element taken from the Grimms' version of the tale (the Dwarfs would arrive in time to remove it). The envious Queen would also decide to take possession of Snow White's attractive young suitor, the 18-year-old[10] Prince (described in a press kit as "every woman's dream man"[36]) for herself, offering him an opportunity to share the throne with her through a marriage.[53][54] With the Prince refusing to marry her, the Queen would have him captured by her guards and taken to her dungeon to be suspended in chains in a torture chamber.[55] She would later visit him there and used her sorcery to taunt him by bringing the dungeon's skeletons (also chained to the walls) to life and making them dance, identifying one skeleton as "Prince Oswald",[10] only for the Prince to defy her again. She then has him given to the torturers, described as "the Nubians",[56] and "exits with a dirty laugh."[57]

According to production story-meeting notes from October 1934, "Queen wants to marry Prince, but he refuses to acknowledge 'that she is the fairest in the land,' since he has seen Snow White."[58] It is written in story notes that the Queen has magical power only over her own domain, which is the castle.[56] Another note states about their meeting in the dungeon: "This is a sequence of gruesome comedy ― of dancing skeletons ― fantastic shadows ― witchcraft and deviltry."[59] The name Prince Oswald was an inside joke reference to Oswald the Lucky Rabbit.[54] The Queen was originally intended to have seven black panthers guarding the entrance to her secret room with the Mirror;[7] a concept art of the Queen walking a pet panther can be seen in The Walt Disney Family Museum and at Disney California Adventure.

The books Snow White: Magic Mirror Book and The Complete Story of Walt Disney's Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs reveal that the Huntsman was afraid to disobey a command to kill Snow White because the Queen's might feed him to her panthers or shrink him magically "to the size of a walnut".[53][60] In one 1937 novelization, the Queen vows the Huntsman would pay dearly for allowing her stepdaughter to escape, but first she would deal with Snow White herself.[61] In another version, the Huntsman would too be dragged to the dungeon when the Queen finds out that he has betrayed her,[53] and the Queen might smash her own Mirror in anger.[54][62] Later, after transforming herself, she decides to punish the Prince for having scorned her. She informs the Prince of her plan to have the Dwarfs bury Snow White alive and then leaves him to his death, still chained and trapped in a subterranean chamber filling with water[45] to slowly drown. She then makes her way to the Dwarfs' cottage with the poisoned apple, while birds and forest animals were to help the Prince escape the Queen's minions and find his horse as would race to try and save Snow White.[63][64]

This plotline described above was not used in the final film, although it was carried out to the drawing and cel stage,[65] and several inspirational sketch pictures of the dungeon scenes were drawn by Ferdinand Hovarth. It is said that Disney "knew that the Queen would have to look scary without being too scary."[16] Some skeletons are briefly featured in the finished film in the other parts of the dungeon,[66] except in Australia's censored original theatrical release version.[67] Similar motifs and scenes were later used in Sleeping Beauty[31][64] and Aladdin. Elements of this sub-plot have also made their way into some other Disney's Snow White fiction and visitor attractions.

The Queen is a primary character in the Disneyland rides Snow White's Scary Adventures (first opened in 1955), where she is seen more than any other character in all four versions of the ride, recreating a number of scenes from the film, sometimes including the torture chamber from an abandoned concept, with "a few skeletons of her past victims."[68] In one new scene, she turns into a hag while standing in front of the mirror (back to the visitors) and intoning: "Magic Mirror on the wall, with this disguise I'll fool them all!"[69] She also appears in her hag form at the roller coaster Seven Dwarfs Mine Train, first opened in 2014.[70]

In the Disney Villains Mix and Mingle and Mickey's Boo-to-You Halloween Parade shows during Magic Kingdom's Mickey's Not-So-Scary Halloween Party, the Queen is one of the villains led by Maleficent that appear during the Cinderella Castle Forecourt Stage.[71][72] Susanne Blakeslee voiced the Queen at 2001's Share A Dream Come True Parade, where she could be seen transform herself into a hag.[73] The Wicked Queen is one of the "favourite" villains included in Magic Kingdom Park's special pre-parade procession "It's Good to be Bad" a night before the annual Main Street Electrical Parade.[74] One event featured a giant interactive mirror and included the Queen and two other "Divas of Evil", Maleficent and Cruella de Vil.[75] She also prominently appears at Villains Unleashed party,[76][77] a separately ticketed event at Disney's Hollywood Studios that was introduced in 2014.[78]

In the interactive gallery Walt Disney: One Man's Dream, the Queen appears alongside Maleficent and Judge Frollo in the villains' act of the show, where she seems to be the leader of the trio. On the cruise ship Disney Fantasy, the Queen, appearing with her raven, is one of the seven suspects (and sometimes the culprit)[79] in the interactive gallery Midship Detective Agency's story "The Case of The Plundered Paintings".

The Queen is featured in some Disney television specials like Our Unsung Villains (1956) and Disney's Greatest Villains (1977). Segments of the Queen's appearance are also shown in Disney's Halloween Treat (1982) and in A Disney Halloween (1983). She makes small cameo appearances in the animated series Disney's House of Mouse, voiced by Susanne Blakeslee (where she is seen sitting with Lady Tremaine in her queen form, and with Madam Mim and Witch Hazel in her witch form) and in the films Who Framed Roger Rabbit (1988) and Runaway Brain (1995), shown there in her witch form.

In the live-action television special Disney's Golden Anniversary of Snow White (1987), the Queen is played by Jane Curtin in a parodic scenario.[80] She casts a spell on Grumpy in an attempt to get him to persuade the other Dwarfs to retire and destroy the original film after the 50 years. After the failure of this, her Mirror convinces her to finally quit "this whole curse business" and focus on her current career as a television horror host.

The Queen (voiced by Susanne Blakeslee) is the main villain in the 2005 direct-to-video animated film Once Upon a Halloween, but appears only in the Witch version despite misleading cover art (furthermore, only her shadow is shown). In it, the Queen plots to conquer Halloween and asks her cauldron to show several villains to which one of them helps her in her plan. The cauldron also explains its origins as it is one of the cauldrons formerly owned by the three witches from The Black Cauldron. Eventually, the cauldron turns against the Wicked Queen and makes her vanish into nothingness.

In Mike Disa's and Evan Spiliotopoulos' abandoned pitch for the DisneyToons' Snow White prequel film The Seven Dwarfs, a beautiful girl named Narcissa appears to aid the dwarfs against an evil wizard, who would be eventually revealed as her father whom she would betray and trap him inside a mirror. Narcissa steals the ancient magic secrets of the Olden Dwarfs, marries and then murders Snow White's father, and "begins her reign as the Evil Queen, with the damned soul of her own father forever encased in the Magic Mirror as her slave. Thus, the dwarfs must live in hiding to protect their families from the Queen's vengeance." Three computer-animated sequels to The Seven Dwarfs "were to follow the title characters return home to families and friends after the Evil Queen's death in Snow White."[81][82]

In a 2015 Disney Channel Original Movie titled Descendants, the aged Evil Queen (played by Kathy Najimy[83]) is among a host of other villains who have been imprisoned on a forbidden Isle of the Lost,[84] and her daughter Evie (played by Sofia Carson)[85] is among their offspring who are allowed to return into the kingdom to attend school alongside the offspring of iconic Disney heroes (Evie's father is unidentified.). The Evil Queen is portrayed as Maleficent's closest confident and best friend. Its title image features the iconic red apple of the Evil Queen,[86][87] which was also prominently featured in a teaser trailer.[88] Carson was cast to return as Evie in Descendants 2.

In Justin Merz's and Evan Daugherty's script for the live-action spin-off Rose Red, currently in development, Snow White's sister Rose Red is going to "join Grumpy and the fellow Dwarves on a journey to find the Evil Queen and break her curse."[89]

In the 1949 audiobook release, the Queen (voiced by Eleanor Audley) wears a yellow dress and a red cape. She tells the Huntsman to take Snow White to the forest and leave her there to die. In the end of the book, after being chased by the dwarfs, the Queen dies when she slips while climbing the mountain and falls into the sea.

The novel Fairest of All: A Tale of the Wicked Queen by Serena Valentino, published by Disney Press in 2009,[90] tells a story much more sympathetic to the Queen than most other Disney media. The book shows how the Queen became the villain from the film, much in the style of The Killing Joke, with the Magic Mirror, here possessed by the spirit of her abusive father, having been a corrupting influence. According to the book, her mother was a witch and the King died in a war against another kingdom prior to the events of the film. After her husband's death, the Queen slowly descends into madness. By the end of novel, Snow White gets the mirror and the Queen becomes the spirit inside the mirror after her death in the film.

The Queen is one of the Overtakers, villains of The Kingdom Keepers novel series. She was introduced in 2011 in the fourth book of the saga, Power Play, alongside Cruella De Vil. Like Maleficent, she is very powerful and is able to cast almost any spell with a flick of her finger; she can also transform herself and other characters. In Power Play, when Maleficent and Chernabog are captured by the Keepers, the Queen becomes the new leader of the Overtakers.

One chapter in Todd Strasser's 1993 Disney's the Villains Collection/Stories from the Films is dedicated to Snow White and the Queen. She is also a subject of one of the illustrated books in the Disney Princess series My Side of the Story, titled Snow White/The Queen (2004), which portrays her as a misunderstood positive character.[91]

Melissa de la Cruz wrote the Descendants prequel novel Isle of the Lost.[92] In that book, it is revealed that the Evil Queen once tried to overthrow Maleficent as the ruler of the Isle.

As in the film, the Queen character is featured in 1979 Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs musical version, played by Anne Francine.[93] In the Disney on Ice reenactment of the movie in 1986-1987,[94] and then in 1994–1997 and again in 2000–2001, she was voiced by Louise Chamis and played by various skaters beginning with Melanie Scott in 1986-1987,[95][96] and including Elena Koteneva, who was substituted by Davina Lee-Gooding in 1995.[97] Francine also played her in the 1980 stage play and television program Snow White Live[98] and Chamis voiced her in Disneyland's Snow White – An Enchanting Musical in 2004 and 2006. The Evil Queen was also featured in Disney Live's Three Classic Fairy Tales in the section based on the film.[99][100]

In the night-time fireworks and visual hydrotechnic show Fantasmic!, first played in 1992, the Queen, voiced by Louise Chamis, is the main villain and the leader of all the Disney Villains. She is introduced in the second act, when her Magic Mirror (voiced by Tony Jay) tells her that there are now three princesses (Snow White, Ariel and Belle) fairer than her. Enraged, the Queen transforms herself into a hag[101] and uses the Mirror and her cauldron to summon various "all the forces of evil"[102] in the form of a collection of Disney villains to come to her aid. They include Maleficent, who transforms into a dragon. (In the Tokyo DisneySea version, she also traps Mickey inside her mirror.) At the climax of the show, Mickey is able to defeat the dragon and vanquish all the villains with a magic sword. The Witch is the last to die, transforming back into the Queen before she is destroyed.

In the Disney Dream cruise ship show Villains Tonight!, first played in 2010, Hades calls forth Disney's most powerful villains for help to regain his evil. The Queen, changing from the Witch form, denies his invitation since Hades also invited Maleficent, her rival for Hades' affections and for the status of "the most evil in the land". The Queen claims not to be Hades' girlfriend, but they just had "an interesting weekend" on Castaway Cay. In the end, the Queen and Maleficent put their differences aside as all villains should stick together and advise Hades to find evil within himself, and not from others.

The Witch is an antagonist in the unreleased Snow White game for the Atari 2600.[103] In 2001's Walt Disney's Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs for the Game Boy Color, the players need to solve a puzzle minigame for the Queen to consult her mirror, and later guide a deer to warn the Dwarfs and then lead the Dwarfs in pursuit of the Witch before he can go to her castle.

The Queen is one of the four Disney Villains that appear in 1999 video game Disney's Villains' Revenge, voiced by Louise Chamis. Jiminy Cricket and the player venture into the worlds of the stories to restore the happy endings. In the altered (and game's final) story, where there is no Prince, the Queen (appearing in both of her forms) has built a lair resembling her poisoned apple inside the scary wood, and has put Snow White to eternal sleep in her dungeon and intends to do the same to the Seven Dwarfs. The player needs to correctly mix ingredients for several potions including the True Love Potion to magically summon the Prince and save the day. It is followed by the fight with the Queen where she tries to get away and the player has to reflect her magic ball spells, until she retreats to her lair. There, while asking her mirror, she suddenly transforms into a hag and the mirror breaks.

In 2010's video game Kingdom Hearts: Birth by Sleep, the Queen (voiced by Kyoko Satomi in Japanese and Susanne Blakeslee in English) appears in the Dwarf Woodlands world. She recruits the protagonist Terra to kill Snow White and bring back her heart in return for allowing him to use the Magic Mirror to locate Master Xehanort. Terra, like the huntsman, ultimately does not go through with this, and the Queen, learning of his betrayal, forces the Mirror to consume him, but Terra manages to fight the Mirror off and the Queen reluctantly gives him the information he looks for. She later appears briefly in Ventus's scenario, where she crosses paths with him on her way to poison Snow White. She drops the poisoned apple, which Ventus returns to her. She notices Ventus's Keyblade and muses that Terra threatened her with a similar weapon. She is then only briefly mentioned in Aqua's storyline, when the Magic Mirror tells Aqua that the Queen is dead and he is no longer under her control.

In 2013's free-to-play mobile game Snow White: Queen's Return (also known as Seven Dwarfs: The Queen's Return),[104] an uncanonical continuation of the film, the Queen has survived the fall at the climax of the film because there was a lake at the bottom of the abbyss. She then reverted to her youthful form and, seeking revenge, cast an evil curse on Snow White as well as the dwarfs and their entire forest.[105] The game's updates were supposed to allow the players to "meet (and defeat)" the Queen,[106] adding quests involving a search for her hideout[107] to "help the Dwarfs rid the enchanted forest of the evil queen,"[108] but the story was ultimately left unresolved as the game was discontinued in May 2014.

A 2014 weekly challenge in Disney Infinity: Toy Box included "Mirror Mirror" obstacle course that pit Snow White against the Evil Queen in a race for the poisonous apple.[109] Downloadable Queen-themed avatar costumes were made available for the users of the PlayStation 3 and Xbox 360 video game consoles.[110][111] A webcam browser game Become Your Inner Villain hosted on Disneyland Resortâ€™s Facebook page enables the player turn into one of four villains including the Evil Queen.[112] Her dungeon and laboratory (complete with the Mirror) are featured in the online game Aaah-Choo.[113]

In the 1990 video game Castle of Illusion Starring Mickey Mouse, an old witch named Mizrabel takes the[clarification needed] of the Evil Queen after draining the youth from Minnie Mouse. In 2012's Epic Mickey: Power of Illusion, the previously defeated Mizrabel returns to transform into various Disney villains, including the Queen,[114] before setting on Maleficent. In 2013's HD remake of Castle of Illusion, Mizrabel looks like a cross between the Queen and Maleficent in her youthful form and professes her ambition to be "the fairest of them all".

The Evil Queen is also featured in a number of traditional games, albeit usually as a mere obstacle for the players.[115][116][117] She is, however, playable in some of them, such as Snow White and the Severn Dwarfs Game in the Disneykins franchise[118] and Disney Villains Collector's Edition Monopoly.[119]

Jim Razzi's 1985 children's gamebook Snow White in the Enchanted Forest (Choose Your Own Adventure: Walt Disney #1) features the Prince-like character's confrontations with evil Queen as she is searching for Snow White, who is hiding with the Dwarfs, to "put an end to her, once and for all!"[120] In it, she has much greater powers than in the film, including being able to instantly change between her hag and queen forms at will,[121] magically disappear in a cloud of smoke,[122] change herself into an animal and back, and turn others into animals with magic beams from her hands.[123]

The 1937â€“1938 film tie-in serial comic strip "Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs" written by Merrill De Maris, one of the writers of the film,[124] is centred primarily around the relationship between Snow White and the Queen. It further explores the source of the Queen's descent into a murderous envy, as she learns that the Prince came to her castle seeking the most beautiful woman in all the world and is shocked when he says he meant Snow White. Like in the abandoned film concept, the Queen (here actually named Grimhilde) has the Prince arrested. In her Witch form, she later tells the captive Prince that she is going to get rid of Snow White and make him hers, while the Prince is defiant and calls her a "miserable hag".[10] This scene is followed by his escape from prison, in much less dramatic circumstances than the film's drowning concept.[125] The film was also adapted into an other comics including in 1969,[126] 1983,[127] and 1991.[128]

There is a number of comics set in the film's world. One early comic Pamuk Prenses ile Sevimli Prens (1942) tells of the further adventures of Snow White and Prince Charming, the Witch returns to put a spell on the latter.[129][130] In one American 1944 sequel comic, the dead Queen's castle is taken over by her brother, the Wicked Prince.[131] Later comics usually feature the Queen in her Witch incarnation,[132] often with her still trying to eliminate either Snow White ("The Seven Dwarfs and Thumper",[133] "No Ritmo Da Bruxa",[134] "A Maçã Superenfeitiçada",[135] "Kerstverhaal"[136]) or the dwarfs ("The Enchanted Mountain",[137] "Halloween"[138]). Such stories include Jack Bradbury's stand-alone 1958 comics Mystery of the Missing Magic[139] and A New Adventure of Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs.[140] In the comic "The Seven Dwarfs and the Witch-Queen",[141] the Witch shrinks all the dwarfs except of Dopey who manages to save his brothers.[142] In "A Pirate's Tale" (aka "The Pirate"[143]), the greedy old Witch transforms herself into a rat as she plans to steal a treasure and turn the dwarfs into cheese and eat them, but Dopey destroys her with a cat.[144]

Usually under the alias the Witch, she often comes back to interact (usually to antagonize, but sometimes also to occasionally cooperating with protagonistic characters) with other Disney characters.[145] She has appeared in the comics of April, May and June,[146] the Beagle Boys,[147] Br'er Rabbit,[148] Chip 'n Dale,[149] Donald Duck & Mickey Mouse,[150] Goofy,[151] Huey, Dewey, and Louie,[152] Jiminy Cricket,[153] José Carioca,[154] Mickey & Minnie Mouse,[155] Li'l Bad Wolf,[156] Tinker Bell,[157] the Three Little Pigs,[158] and the fellow witches such as Madam Mim from The Sword in the Stone,[159] Witch Hazel from Trick or Treat, and Magica De Spell (especially in Brazilian comics).[160] She also starred in the 1970s-1980's comic book series The Big Bad Wolf & The Wicked Witch, including "Mirror Mirror",[161] "Witch Switch",[162] "The Apple Caper",[163] "The High-Hopping Wolf",[164] "Double Trouble",[165] and "Getting the Boot".[166]

Several comics include the Witch kidnapping another Disney character, either to be her slave or to exchange them for something, until they are rescued. Example of this include her abducting, besides Snow White ("Diamond Dust Dilemma",[167] "The Weather Witch"[168]), such characters as Chip 'n' Dale ("Witch Convention",[169]), Tinker Bell ("Pixie Dust Dilemma"[170] "The Big Bust-out"[171]), and Dumbo characters ("Dumbo".[172] "The Chips Are Flying",[173] "A Witch in Time"[174]). The Witch also captures Dumbo in "Dumbo l'Ã©chappe belle",[175] but is defeated by Mickey and Br'er Bear and imprisoned by the Dwarfs.[176] In "The Gingerbread House", the Witch captures the Wicked Witch of the West's children Witch Child and Warlock whom Magica De Spell was tasked to look after.[177] Another recurring motif is the Witch's attempts to turn characters into gold, for example Pinocchio ("The Magic Brew"[178]) or all the forest animals ( "Get Rich Witch"[179]). She may also simply try to steal the treasures, from either the Dwarfs ("Snow White and The Seven Dwarfs",[180] "Verjongingsdrank"[181]) or other characters ("Black Magic Menace",[182] "Pursuit of Plunder"[166]). In the prequel story Battle of Wits and Witches, the Queen turns into the hag to steal a diamond from the Dwarfs but is foile by Mickey and Goofy.[183] She also repeatedly attempts to ruin Christmas, like in "The Golden Christmas Tree", where she lures Huey, Dewey and Louie to her lair use their tear drops in a magic potion to destroy all the Christmas trees in the world,[184] and in "Delivery Problems" where she plots to put Santa Claus' reindeer to sleep.[185]

In the Walt Disney's Comics and Stories parody of The Wonderful Wizard of Oz, "The Wizard of Bahs" by Vic Lockman and Strobl,[186] the Witch is unexpectedly turned into an old tree trunk by Daisy Duck while her castle turns to sand.[187] In "The Captured Castle", the Witch captures Cinderella's castle,[188] and in "It's Snow Joke" she turns Dale's snow dragon alive.[189] In "The Magic Spell" Chip 'n' Dale steal her flying powder.[190] The Witch's Magic Wand is obtained by Goofy in "Magic-Mender"[191] and stolen by the Big Bad Wolf in "The Magic Wand".[192] In "The Haunted House Caper", the Witch turns Donald Duck's into a haunted one,[193] a story continued in "13 Blackcat Road".[194] In O Sindicato Das Bruxas, JosÃ© Carioca fights against her syndicate of witches.[195] In "The Washed-up Witch",[196] where she ends up deprived of her powers and accepting Scrooge McDuck's offer to become his private secretary.[197][198] In "The Sitter Solution", Mickey hires the Witch as a babysitter for Morty and Ferdie.[199]

Many stories, notably usually featuring the Queen in her youthful form, have been first published in Italian Disney digest comic series,[200] in particular in Topolino. They include "The Seven Dwarfs and the Evil Witch" (I Sette Nani e la Strega Malvagia), "Snow White and the Broken Mirror" (Biancaneve e lo specchio infranto),[201] "The Seven Dwarfs and the Spell of the Queen" (I Sette Nani e l'incantesimo della regina),[202] "Snow White and the Castle of Four Winds" (Biancaneve al castello dei quattro venti),[203] "The Seven Dwarfs and the Heroic Antieve" (I Sette Nani e l'eroica antivigilia),[204] "The Seven Dwarfs and the Brew of Seven Herbs" (I Sette Nani e l'infuso delle sette erbe aka "The Seven Herbs Spell!"),[205] "Snow White and the Silver Rose" (Biancaneve e la rosa d'argento),[206] and "The Seven Dwarfs and the Joker Wizard" (I Sette Nani e il mago burlone),[207] among others. For instance, "Snow White and the Shattered Mirror" (Biancaneve e lo specchio infranto),[208] has the old Witch, terminally ill, discover she has only one day to live, but she refuses to accept her destiny and finds a way to conquer death. In "Goofy the Magician and the Seven Dwarfs" (Pippo mago e i Sette Nani),[209] the Queen's four goon henchmen attack the dwarfs and steal their treasure but then decide to keep it for themselves and Grimhilde seeks help from the wizard Abracadabro to stop their run; eventually, it is the Prince who defeats the robbers. "Donald Fracasse: (Paperin Fracassa) is a parody of the adventure film Captain Fracasse in which Snow White is blinded by the Queen and Donald Duck needs to heal her. In "The Seven Dwarfs and Christmas in Danger" (I Sette Nani e il Natale in pericolo)[210] the Queen goes to steal a comet stardust as the last ingredient for her spell to destroy Snow White. In "The Seven Dwarfs and the Covenant of the Queen" (I Sette Nani e il patto della regina),[211] she conjures the demon Shadow Lord Oren and makes a pact with him to take the soul of Snow White. She once again attempts to eliminate Snow White with the help of seven evil dwarfs, but in doing so she burns ends up burning all of her vital energy and Oren takes her with him.[212] "The Seven Dwarfs and the Christmas Fairy" (I Sette Nani e la fatina di Natale) presents a scenario in which the Queen successfully casts a forever-sleep enchantement on Snow White, but while trying to zap Dopey she accidentally falls victim of her own witchcraft and the Christmas fairy, freed from her prison, saves Snow White.[213][214] In Italian comics, the Queen is usually wearing a red robe. She is also often shown using a crystal ball to spy on the good characters.[205][206][215]

Many of the Topolino Snow White comics were the works of Romano Scarpa. His 1986 comic "The Seven Dwarfs and King Arbor's Crystal" (I Sette Nani e il cristallo di Re Arbor) provides explanation how the Queen would have survived her apparent death in the film (as some branches and bushes eased the fall and she was rescued by her loyal guards) and why she could not change back to her normal self (as her castle was burned down by the Huntsman and her book of magic is gone). In this story, Grimhilde (Grimilde) enlists the aid of her great admirer and past suitor, the evil King Arbor of Vegetalia, in a plot to use a magic crystal device to swap her old body with Snow White's.[216][217] The intrigue is foiled by the dwarves who destroy the crystal, and the resigned Arbor allows the Witch to live with her, saying he will try to remember she was "the most beautiful among queens". The uneasy relationship between Grimhilde and Abor continued in the comic "The Seven Dwarfs and the Fountainhead" (I Sette nani e la fonte meravigliosa),[218][219] in which she desperately attempts to regain her youth, but instead only turns into a childlike version of her Witch form for a short time.

Other comics by Romano Scarpa have the Queen in her youthful form.[220] In the three-part "Snow White and the Green Flame" (Biancaneve e verde fiamma),[215][221][222] the Queen flies on a broom to the great gathering of witches, who declare that her inability to deal with just a little girl and few dwarfs has disgraced them all and she should be punished for this according to the laws of Hell. The Queen begs the High Witch for mercy and is given a magic wand with the power of transformation, but if she would not succeed this time she will be turned into a magic broom for a more "honorable" witch to fly. The Queen uses the wand to gain trust of Snow White and turn her a figurine, than takes the princess' form to ambush the dwarfs and do the same with them, and waits for the Prince's arrival to kill him. Only Dopey escapes and eventually manages to outwit the Queen, using her want to restore his friends and transform her into a figurine, which later turns into a broom when her sentence is carried over. In "The Seven Dwarfs and the Throne of Diamonds" (I Sette Nani e il trono di diamanti),[223] Jiminy Cricket is deeply enamored by the Queen's beauty and attempts to convince her to become good, but the Queen refuses to be redeemed and orders her soldiers to steal the throne the Dwarfs make for Snow White in a plot to turn her rival into an old woman. Eventually, the Queen is defeated by another witch Tardona and Snow White is saved. "Snow White and the Chained Fairy" (I Sette Nani e la fata incatenata),[224] sees the dwarfs struggle to free the fairy Fawn who was captured by the Queen in an underground cavern for saving Snow White when Grimhilde flew to strike down the princess with a thunderbolt. She takes on many forms trying to thwart them in various ways, and one-by-one the dwarfs sacrifice their lives, until only Dopey remains but he manages to get hold of magical water that brings back all of them to life. The freed fairy's magic makes the cavern collapse down on the helpless Queen to make sure she will never hurt anyone again. In "The Seven Dwarfs and the Birtch Ring" (I Sette Nani e l'anello di betulla by Romano Scarpa),[225] the Queen learns about the eight Dwarf named Ginger (Zenzero), who has left the his companions to go in search of fortune traveling the world, and transforms into a pixie named Fagottina to send him home and sow discord among his brothers.[226] The Queen also transforms into a pixie, named Fogliolina, in "Snow White and Easter in the Woods" (Biancaneve e la Pasqua nel bosco),[227] where, after her attempt to kill Snow White with magic is foiled by woodland creatures, she is so enraged that she calls upon the infernal powers to "take her" and her castle burns into flames and crumbles around her. In "The Seven Dwarfs and the Wolf's Cliff" (I Sette Nani e la balza del lupo),[228] she sends three of her bandit minions (Bragia, Sghembo and Schidione) to kidnap Snow White. "Snow White and the Bewitched Dress" (Biancaneve e l'abito stregato)[229] has the Queen magically disguise herself as an old gypsy to give Snow White a cursed dress and capture her, then start her work on the spell to rid of the dwarfs and all the forest creatures. But Dopey infiltrates her castle, frees Snow White, and locks up the Queen in her laboratory set ablaze, after which the whole castle is consumed by fire and explodes after the dwarf and the princess escape.

The Queen also appears as one of the villains in the 2005 Disney manga series Kilala Princess by Rika Tanaka and Nao Kodaka, where the protagonists Rei and Kilala Reno find themselves in the world of Snow White, and meet and befriend the princess. They go the Queen's castle to ask the Magic Mirror how to find Kilala's friend Erika, but discover the Queen is still alive (and even commanding the two vultures, as well as wolves) as she appears and demands Kilala's magical tiara. The children try to flee but are attacked by wolves and locked up in the dungeon, where the Queen transforms into the Witch and prepares to turn Kilala into an ugly creature. Snow White appears and agrees to sacrifice herself to save them, but Kilala stops her at last moment before she can eat a poison apple; Rei then attacks the Queen, who falls into her cauldron, turns into a vulture, and flies away in a defeat.

The character was also featured in a wide variety of Disney merchandise, such as in the Designer Villains "stylized and fashion-forward" series of limited edition dolls and make-up products,[230] or the Wickedly Beautiful entry in the Beautifully Disney collection of cosmetic products.[231] Various other such merchandise include many dolls,[232][233] figurines/statuettes,[234][235] costumes,[236] clothing items,[237][238] watches/clocks/mirrors,[239][240] key chains/blanks,[241] mugs,[242][243] other tableware,[244][245] bags/purses/suitcases,[246][247] containers,[248][249] prints/posters/cards/stickers,[250][251] pins/buttons/magnets,[252][253] holiday ornaments,[254] plush toys,[255] puzzles,[256] other beauty products,[257][258] and so forth.[259] In one issue of Disney Adventures in 1997, the Evil Queen appeared on the cover attempting to woo Will Smith.[260][261]

One hand-made figure costing $2,000 was the most expensive out of 200,000 items being sold at the Disney World shopping village in 1985.[262] During an auction in 1988, an animation cel from the iconic scene of the Queen holding her heart box sold for a record-setting price of $30,000.[263] In 1997, another cel from the same scene sold for $21,275 and a cel of the Witch offering an apple to Snow White realized $13,800.[264] Another cel showing the Queen reading her spellbook sold for $8,050 in an earlier in auction in 1995.[265] In 2015, a Hag cell was sold on an aution for $48,000.[266]

An almost entirely alternate take on the character of the Evil Queen is Regina Mills, the main antagonist in the first season of the 2011 ABC live-action TV series Once Upon a Time where she is played by Lana Parrilla. Regina is the mayor of the idyllic town of Storybrooke, Maine, but is secretly the Evil Queen of legend, having cursed many beloved fairytale characters to live in a land without magic, where they will never get their happy endings. The show is not directly based on the Disney animated films, but is inspired by them and makes many references to them. One of its episodes is titled "The Evil Queen".

The Disney version of the character was very well received by film critics, even as some were disturbed (columnist Dorothy Kilgallen for instance urged Disney to not make future villains as scary as the Witch[52]). Stephen Hunter included her being "cool" among the "wonderful truths about Snow White."[267] Janet Maslin wrote the film's Snow White "exists only to be victimized by her wicked stepmother - a far more interesting character. The image of the wicked Queen (initially conceived as a raven-haired glamour girl, and the epitome of late-1930s sophistication) who drinks an aging potion and then shrivels, sprouting warts and claws, turning before our eyes from a sexy, voluptous creature into a freightening old crone, must leave as powerful an impression on the audience as Snow White's chirpy feminity."[268] Similarly, Roger Ebert wrote Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs was "not so much about Snow White as it was about the Seven Dwarfs and the Evil Queen," opining this was the reason it has remained "the ultimate animated masterpiece" by 2001 instead of having been forgotten soon after its premiere in 1937.[269]

Feminism academic Camille Paglia said that she used to be transfixed by this "temperamental diva bitch", due to the contrast with the ideal of womanhood that she had been presented to as a child: "Mary, this silent mother; and here was the witch queen who has this weird dialogue in the mirror and it didn't have to be charitable and it didn't have to be nice. I thought she was fabulous."[270] Likewise, Lana Parrilla, who later herself played the Evil Queen in Once Upon A Time, said that whenever she watched Disney's Snow White as a young girl she rooted for and "loved the evil queenâ€•every time the evil queen came on, I was like 'OK!' She was just so fascinating to me."[271] Author Deborah Lipp wrote: "As I've said before and will doubtless say again, given a choice of being Snow White (helpless, sweet, voiceless) and the Wicked Queen, with the cool castle and the magic and the minions, give me my Magic Mirror now!"[272] Film director John Waters said he too rooted for the evil queen to win,[273] and Chay Yew said that if he were a Disney character, he would be the evil queen from Snow White.[274]

Once Upon the Time co-creator Adam Horowitz said that his earliest Disney memory was seeing a re-release of Disney's Snow White when he was "terrified by the Evil Queen while also being unable to look away and that stuck with me through the years."[275] Similarly, fashion designer and Angelina Jolie's Maleficent collaborator Stella McCartney said: "My favorite Disney film was Snow White. I remember growing up watching [it] and being completely freaked out by that scene where the evil queen becomes the old witch and she makes the poison apple."[276] Film maker and actor Terry Gilliam listed the film's Queen among his eight favourite villains, commenting how "truly strange" is that "vanity and beauty are what she's all about, yet the identity she assumes when she becomes the old beggar woman is practically the ugliest in all the kingdom."[277] Fairy tale lecturer Jack Zipes alike noted that "it is somewhat strange that the queen believes the mirror, for the picture of Snow White reveals that she is a pretty pubescent red-cheeked ordinary girl while the queen is a stunning beautiful mature woman who might easily win a beauty contest."[34]

Jim Lentz, Director of Animation Art at Heritage Auctions, said in 2015: "The Evil Queen is, to this day, one of the great villains of cinema, and she was at her terrifying best when she became the Old Hag and set off to destroy Snow White."[278] According to film maker and actor Brad Bird, back in 1937 "they had to re-upholster the seats in a very large movie palace in New York because little kids were peeing on the seats when the witch came on in Snow White."[279] The Queen ranked as tenth in the American Film Institute's 2003 list of the 50 Best Movie Villains of All Time, being the highest-ranked animated villain.[280] When Walt Disney Parks and Resorts held their 2011 Disney Villains popularity poll for Wicked Gooey Apple Awards (named after the Queen's poison apple), the Evil Queen came first and won in three out of five categories: "Sinister Stylings" (for the most fashionable villain), "Curses! Foiled Again!" (for the villain who received the best comeuppance), and the ultimate "Unfairest of Them All" (for the most evil villain).[281] Jeff Kurtti's 2005 book Disney Villains: The Top Secret Files ranks her as "the greatest villain of them all".

In 2013, the Queen was among the 20 terrifying kids' movie characters by Digital Spy, commenting that "Julia Roberts and Charlize Theron may have taken a stab at this role in two competing 2012 blockbusters, but they didn't get anywhere near the kind of creepiness of Disney's evil Queen,"[282] as well as among ten scariest Disney villains of all time by entertainment.ie.[283] In 2014, E! ranked "the original head bitch in charge" as the seventh top Disney Villain,[284] while WatchMojo.com ranked her as the ninth top Disney animated villain[285] and the fifth greatest female movie villain of all time.[286] Nerdist put the Disney Villainesses "starting in 1937 with the Evil Queen" at top spot in a 2015 ranking of "most bad ass" female villains in pop culture,[287] while Gay Times ranked her third among the "top five wicked women of Disney"[288] and MTV listed her as one of the nine Disney Villains who were "way better than the good guys."[289] That same year, Moviepilot included her among the seven most terryfying and evil Disney Villains as "she may be the prettiest woman in the list, but sadly, that beautiful facade covers an ugly and wicked soul,"[290] while Gulf News, ranking her as the second greatest Disney Villain, commented she "still stands today - 78 years after the release of the first movie," as the most evil personality that Disney has ever created.[291] Moviepilot also proposed "Disney could give Snow White the Maleficent treatment and make a version telling the story through the Evil Queenâ€™s perspective,"[292] suggesting she should be played by Megan Fox.[293] In 2016, The Frisky described her and Maleficent as "two of the best-realized female villains in movie history."[294]

According to Maria Tatar, an academic specializing in children's literature, the film turned "the evil queen into a figure of gripping narrative energy and makes Snow White [the character] so dull that she requires a supporting cast of seven to enliven her scenes. Ultimately it is the stepmother's disruptive, disturbing, and divisive presence that invests the film with a degree of fascination that has facilitated its widespread circulation and that has allowed it to take such powerful hold in our own culture."[295] Alan Charles Kors and Edward Peter credited the Queen's character's influence in changing the popular visual image of witches in film and other fiction as specifically female, more often young and attractive than old and ugly, and dressed in a characteristically defining costume.[296] A part of Maila Nurmi's inspiration for her character of Vampira came from Nurmi being fascinated by the Queen after watching Disney's Snow White at the age of 14.[297] When she was cast for the 1939's The Wizard of Oz as the Wicked Witch of the West, Gale Sondergaard (who herself has earlier served as one of inspirations for Disney) insisted on playing a glamorous vision of the character, similar to the Disney's interpretation of the Queen from Snow White; when Sondergaard's idea was rejected by producers Mervyn LeRoy and Arthur Freed in favor of making the Wicked Witch ugly, she withdrew from the project and Margaret Hamilton was cast instead.[25] Still, the similarities between the two films, including the porteayals on their respective witch characters, were such that The Wizard of Oz was at one point advertised as "Snow White with live actors."[298]

The Queen inspired main antagonist characters in the otherwise unrelated titles, such as the stepmother queen in the Russian animated film The Wild Swans (1962),[299] the Witch Queen in the Spanish film Tom Thumb and Little Red Riding Hood (1962),[300] the goddess Venus in the anime version of Unico,[301] Queen Admira in the American film The Hugga Bunch (1985),[302] and the queen of the witches in the video game Curse of Enchantia (1992).[303] Lady Macbeth in Orson Welles' 1948 Macbeth resembles the Queen in her costume, make-up, and even the manner of her death;[304] Lady Macbeth was also visually based on the Queen in a 1982 comic book adaptation.[305] The evil Queen Bavmorda from 1988's film Willow bears a resemblance too,[306] so much that Cinefantastique editor Frederick S. Clarke described her as "simply Snow White's Wicked Queen, right down to her hooded costume."[307] Robin Wood has drawn a connection between the looks of the Witch and of the Emperor in the Star Wars franchise (which eventually also became a Disney property).[308] According to the designer Steve Brown, the Queen's old Witch form served as an inspiration for the main character Witch Queen in his 1985 video game Cauldron.[309] Brigitte Nielsen said she has also based her role as the Black Witch (who also kidnaps a prince character out of jealously for a princess) in the 1992 Italian film Fantaghirò 2 on Disney's "Grimilde" (an Italian name for the Queen in the comics).[310]

An official Disney.com blog Oh My Disney stated the Evil Queen has been "the original Disney villain, and we’re really not exaggerating."[311] According to The Daily Telegraph, La Verne's role as the Queen "was credited as the model for such future villains as Ursula in The Little Mermaid (1989) and Scar in The Lion King (1994)."[46] Maleficent from Sleeping Beauty inherited a number of characteristics from the Queen, including the cowl, high collar, billowing cloak, arched eyebrows, cruel lips, and raven familiar. An abandoned concept from Snow White was that the Queen kidnap the Prince and lock him in her dungeon; similarly, in Sleeping Beauty, Maleficent kidnaps Prince Philip.[312] Lady Bane, a vain evil sorceress from Disney's Adventures of the Gummi Bears, too bears a similarity to the Evil Queen in her costume and character. Four wicked witches of the East, West, North and South, resembling the Witch from Disney's Snow White, are also the villains Mickey has to kill to save Disneyland in 1988's Mickey Mouse: The Computer Game.[313] The first names for the magic-wielding antagonist couple The Glooms in Disney XD's own series The 7D (2014) ― set in a timeframe before the Seven Dwarfs first met Snow White ― might have been inspired by the Evil Queen character's alternate name "Grimhilde", with the bumbling warlock husband named "Grim" and the determined witch wife named "Hildy".

The Queen's character design from the film was also used in some other Snow White adaptations, such as for the Queen in the Turkish film Pamuk Prenses ve Yedi CÃ¼celer (1970).[314] Queen Naga in Italian erotic comic books Biancaneve was at first loosely based on the Disney version, as was its Snow White's character.[315][316] Susan Sarandon's character of Queen Narissa in Disney's own Enchanted (2007), had her characteristics, powers, and physical features were inspired by the Queen from the film and by Maleficent from Sleeping Beauty.[317] Early on into the project, Enchanted was actually supposed to be a direct-to-video animated sequel to Disney's Snow White (with a working title of "Snow White 2") in which Narissa (back then often misspelled as "Noriss") was the evil Queen's sister who would kidnap six of the dwarfs to lure Snow White, the Prince, and their 13-year-old daughter Rose aided by Dopey, into a trap.[318] When Filmation announced their own animated sequel to the fairy tale, the studio was sued by Disney until Filmation promised their characters would not resemble the ones from the Disney film; the settlement stated there could not be a "wicked witch" character in the film which instead was made to feature the Queen's brother in a vendetta to avenge her death (the title was also changed, from Snow White in the Land of Doom to Happily Ever After).[319][320]

The Queen's castle was used prominently in the advertising of the film (acting as the backdrop of the film's poster). Later Disney fairy tales, including Cinderella, Sleeping Beauty, The Little Mermaid, Beauty and the Beast and Aladdin, feature similarly fantastical castles and palaces, and often these buildings act as centrepieces or backdrops for the movies' posters. A fairy tale castle stands at the centre of each Disney theme park, and the image of the castle is used in the logo for Buena Vista International.

The character has also made several parodic cameo and homage appearances in non-Disney media. In the 1945 radio program This Is My Best, the Queen uttered a curse so dreadful that the Magic Mirror shattered into a thousand pieces and where the Queen once stood was nothing but a heap of ashes from which black spiders crawled and scuffled off into the night. In Woody Allen's live-action film Annie Hall (1977), Alvy mentions that when he saw Disney's Snow White, he was attracted to the Queen while all the other children had a crush on Snow White. This is followed by an animated sequence of the Wicked Queen, resembling Annie and voiced by Diane Keaton, talking to the cartoon version of the daydreaming Alvy, but turns out that even the Queen scolds him; Alvy attributes it to her having her period mood, to which the Queen reminds him she is just a cartoon character.[321]

The Queen was referenced when she appeared as a villain in an issue of Italian horror comic book series Dylan Dog in 1988.[322] In The Simpsons episode "Four Great Women and a Manicure" (2009), the Queen escapes the dwarves after poisoning Snow White, only to be lynched by a mob of angry woodland creatures.[323] In the U.S. Acres two-part cartoon "Snow Wade and the 77 Dwarves", Lanolin appears as the Wicked Queen with a costume is based off the Disney version. In the Family Guy 2009 episode "Road to the Multiverse", Herbert appears as the disguised Queen. The Muppet Show character Miss Piggy is the Queen in the 2010 parody comic book miniseries Muppet Snow White.[324] Cassie Scerbo played the Evil Queen in the 2013 YouTube parody music video Cell Block Tango.[325] The Queen also appears in Counting Scars, Oh My Disney's Halloween 2014 parody music video of OneRepublic's "Counting Stars".[326][327]


who won the right to nunavut in 1999

In 1973 the Inuit Tapirisat of Canada (ITC) began research on Inuit land use and occupancy in the Arctic. Three years later in 1976 the ITC put forward the idea of creating a Nunavut Territory and the federal Electoral Boundaries Commission that recommended dividing the Northwest Territories into two electoral districts: the Western Arctic (now the Northwest Territories) and Nunatsiaq (now Nunavut). The Tunngavik Federation of Nunavut (TFN) negotiated the land claims agreement with the federal government in 1982. Voting in the Northwest Territories determined the creation of Nunavut with a passing vote of 56%. The TFN and representatives from the federal and territorial governments signed the land claims agreement-in-principle in 1990. In 1992 the TFN and federal negotiators agreed on the substantive portions of the Nunavut Land Claims Agreement. On May 25, 1993, Paul Quassa, then president of the Tunngavik Federation of Nunavut and Brian Mulroney, then Prime Minister of Canada signed the Nunavut Land Claims Agreement. On July 9, 1993 the Nunavut Land Claims Agreement and Nunavut Act were adopted by the Parliament of Canada and received Royal Assent. In 1998, amendments to the Nunavut Act were adopted by parliament and received Royal Assent. In 1999 on April 1, Nunavut with an independent government became a reality.[5]

Nunavut Land Claims Agreement

The Nunavut Land Claim Agreement was signed on May 25, 1993, in Iqaluit by representatives of the Tunngavik Federation of Nunavut (now Nunavut Tunngavik Incorporated), the Government of Canada and the Government of the Northwest Territories. This agreement gave the Inuit of the central and eastern Northwest Territories a separate territory called Nunavut. It is the largest Aboriginal land claim settlement in Canadian history.[1] The NLCA consists of 42 chapters, which address a big range of aspects like wildlife management and harvesting rights, land, water and environmental management regimes, parks and conservation areas, heritage resources, public sector employment and contracting, and a range of other issues.[2] The agreement indicates two areas that are the focus of the agreement: the first area consists of the Arctic islands and the mainland eastern Arctic, and their adjacent marine areas; the second area includes the Belcher Islands, its associated islands and adjacent marine areas.[2]

Since the NLCA was signed in 1993, there have been implemented amendments. The major amendments in 1995 and 1996 were alterations to different official event dates. Articles 5.4.2, 5.6.25, 8.2.2, 8.2.3, and 35.5.7 of the Nunavut Land Claim Agreement were changed. On March 1, 2002, schedule 29-3 (negotiation loans payment) of the Nunavut Land Claim Agreement was replaced.[6]


where is indira point located in india map

Indira Point is a village in the Nicobar district at Great Nicobar Island of Andaman and Nicobar Islands, India. It is located in the Great Nicobar tehsil.[1] It is the location of the southernmost point of India's territory.

Indira Point

Rondo Island, Indonesia's northernmost island in Sabang district of Aceh province of Sumatra, lies 163 km south of Indira point.[2] India and Indonesia are planning to collaborate to construct a port at Sabang to protect the channel between Great Nicobar Island and Rondo Island (c. May 2019).[3]

The village is named as Indira Point after former Prime Minister Indira Gandhi. The point was formerly known as Pygmalion Point and Parsons Point.[4] It was renamed in honour of Indira Gandhi during mid-1980s. The announcement was made by the local Member of Parliament when Indira Gandhi visited the local light house on 19 February 1984. The official renaming ceremony happened on 10 October 1985.[5]

Indira Point was previously named as Pygmation Point.[6] Swami Vivekananda, who had also visited Kanyakumari, had also visited this point.[6]

The Indira Point lighthouse was commissioned into service on 30 April 1972.[7][8]

Located 500 kilometres north of the epicenter of the 2004 Indian Ocean earthquake, the southernmost tip subsided 4.25 metres after the earthquake, and many of the inhabitants went missing in the tsunami that followed.[9] Sixteen to twenty families living next to the lighthouse and four scientists studying leatherback sea turtles were lost.[10]

Port Blair is connected to mainland India via air service. From Port Blair, Campbell Bay can be reached by Pawan Hans Helicopter service. Inter Island Boat from Port Blair is also available which usually travels via Little Andaman, Car Nicobar and Nancowry en route to Campbell Bay. MV Campbell Bay also operates once in a week from Port Blair (Phoenix Bay) to Campbell Bay.

Government is also constructing a 21 km road from Shashtri Nagar to Indira Point via a bridge on the Galathea river. The total length of the road from Zero Point to Indira point will be 56 km and it will completed witin next few years (c. 2017).[11] This area is protected by the Indian Coast Guard.[11]

Galathea National Park and Lighthouse are the major attractions here.

The village comes under the administration of Laxmi Nagar panchayat.[12]

The village lost many of its residents in the 2004 tsunami. According to the 2011 census of India, Indira Point has only 4 households left. The effective literacy rate (i.e. the literacy rate of population excluding children aged 6 and below) is 85.19%.[13]


holiday inn express is part of what chain

InterContinental Hotels Group plc, informally InterContinental Hotels or IHG, is a British multinational hotels company headquartered in Denham, Buckinghamshire.[2] IHG has nearly 800,000 guest rooms and more than 5,300 hotels across nearly 100 countries.[3] IHG has a broad portfolio of brands, including Candlewood Suites, Crowne Plaza, Even Hotels, Holiday Inn, Holiday Inn Express, Hotel Indigo, Hualuxe, InterContinental, Kimpton Hotels and Resorts and Staybridge Suites.[4] Additionally, in March 2018, IHG announced that it has agreed to buy a 51% majority stake in Regent Hotels for $39 million and hopes to expand the brand's footprints to 40 hotels from the current six hotels.[5]

InterContinental Hotels Group

IHG also manages IHGÂ® Rewards Club, its global loyalty programme. As of 2012, of IHG's more than 5,300 hotels, 4,433 operated under franchise agreements, 907 were managed by the company but separately owned, and eight were directly owned.[6]

The origins of InterContinental Hotels Group can be traced back to 1777, when William Bass established the Bass Brewery in Burton-upon-Trent. In 1876, its red triangle logo was the first ever trademark registered in the United Kingdom.[7]

In 1969, Bass Charrington as it was at the time launched the Crest Hotel chain, marking its first entry into the lodging sector as it made steps to diversify its portfolio.

In 1989, the British Government limited the number of pubs which brewers could directly own, resulting in Bass's further investing in the expansion of its hotel business, this lef to it purchasing Holiday Inn International from shareholders and expanded into North America.[7]

Pan American Airways founder Juan Trippe established the Intercontinental Hotels chain as a division of PanAm and opened the first hotel in Belém, Brazil in 1946. On August 19, 1981, PanAm sold the holding company Inter-Continental Hotels Corporation (IHC) to UK-based Grand Metropolitan for $500 million.[8] As GrandMet focused its core business and expanded into fast food through the purchase of Burger King, it sold IHC to the Japanese-based Saison Group in 1988.[9]

In March 1998, Saison Group sold IHC to the British brewery Bass. In 2000, Bass sold its brewing assets (and the rights to the Bass name) to the major Belgian brewer Interbrew for £2.3 billion and changed its name to Six Continents.[7]

In 2003, the independent corporation InterContinental Hotels Group (IHG) was created after Six Continents split into two companies: Mitchells & Butlers took control of the restaurant assets,[10] while IHG focused on hotels and soft drinks.[7] IHG retained Britvic, the soft drinks division, until December 2005 when it sold its interest in the company by an initial public offering.[11] In April/May 2014, the company reportedly rejected a $10 billion takeover bid from an unknown suitor, believed to be Starwood.[12]

In April 2017, the company announced that it been the subject of a malware attack and hackers had stolen credit card details.[13]

The company worldwide headquarters and Europe offices are in Denham, Buckinghamshire in England.[14][15] The Americas office is in Dunwoody, Georgia in Greater Atlanta.[14][16] The Asia, Middle East, and Africa offices are in Singapore. The Greater China offices are in Pudong, Shanghai.[14]

In 2006, IHG and Lend Lease Group (Lend Lease US Public Partnerships), joined forces in the Privatization of Army Lodging program.[17] IHG Army Hotels is a division of IHG that manages on-post hotels and lodgings in 39 different locations in the U.S., including Puerto Rico.[18]

The InterContinental Hotels Group became the target of an international boycott campaign in May 2013, over their plan to operate an Intercontinental-brand luxury hotel in Lhasa, Tibet. According to campaigners from the Free Tibet campaign, the hotel was a "PR coup for the Chinese government".[19]

In July 2012, the Office of Fair Trading alleged that IHG had broken competition law by preventing online travel agents from discounting the price of room-only hotel accommodation. In February 2014, IHG agreed to end the practice of price fixing.[20]

In February 2017, the hotel chain admitted to a data breach. They asserted that the compromise was rather minor, having only impacted 12 properties. However, in April 2017 it raised the number to 1200 hotels. The attackers had installed malware designed to access payment card data, which could be used to clone cards and make fraudulent payments.[21]

In May 2012, the UK Advertising Standards Authority (ASA) warned IHG that it must not use adverts showing prices for hotel rooms excluding VAT. Because the ASA thought the adverts were likely to be viewed by consumers who must pay VAT, it had decided the adverts were misleading. It ordered IHG that the ads must not appear in their current form again. However, in August 2012, a report by Which? magazine showed that the hotel chain was still breaching VAT rules.[22]

In November 2017, the Mayor of London, Sadiq Khan, accused the hotel chain of reneging on a commitment to pay the living wage.[23]

IHG Group has several brands:

Additionally, in March 2018, the IHG announced that it has agreed to buy a 51% majority stake in Regent Hotels for $39 million and hopes to expand the brand's footprints to 40 hotels from the current six hotels.[28]

The Crowne Plaza Liverpool John Lennon Airport is the former terminal building of Liverpool Speke Airport, constructed in the 1930s and used until 1986. Its notable art deco features led to its listing as a heritage building, and subsequent adaption as a hotel.[29]

The hotel in the Wilshire Grand Tower in downtown Los Angeles is the largest InterContinental in the Americas and the tallest building in Los Angeles.[30]

The InterContinental Davos is well known for its modern architecture.[31]

Other notable properties include the historical InterContinental Paris Le Grand Hotel, the InterContinental Bordeaux Le Grand Hotel in France, and the InterContinental Amstel Amsterdam in the Netherlands.


where is the honda classic being played 2018

Some celebrated players have won this tournament, including Nicklaus in 1977 and 1978, the only consecutive winner in its history. However, the tournament had acquired a reputation for struggling to attract the top players as it moved from course to course in South Florida. Since 2007, The Honda Classic has seen a vastly improved player field, largely due to the decision to make PGA National the tournament's permanent home.

The Honda Classic

The Honda Classic is a professional golf tournament on the PGA Tour in south Florida. It was founded 45 years ago in 1972 as Jackie Gleason's Inverrary Classic,[1] and is usually the first of the Florida events in late winter following the "West Coast Swing."

National Airlines was the sponsor in 1973 with Gleason and American Motors Corporation (AMC) backed it in 1981. Since 1982, American Honda Motor Company (Honda) has been the title sponsor.

Its predecessor, the National Airlines Open Invitational, ran for just three seasons (1969â€“71); all at the Country Club of Miami in Hialeah in late March. The Gleason tournament replaced it on the schedule a month earlier in 1972 at the Inverrary Country Club (East course) in Lauderhill, it was among the richest events on tour with an inaugural purse of $260,000 and a $52,000 winner's share.[2] The regular event was not played in 1976, as Inverrary hosted the Tournament Players Championship in late February, won by Jack Nicklaus. Gleason's nine-year affiliation ended after 1980, but the event continued at Inverrary through 1983.[1] It moved to the TPC Eagle Trace in Coral Springs in 1984 for eight editions.

From 1992 to 1995, the event was held at the Weston Hills Golf & Country Club in Weston. It then returned to Coral Springs, first at the TPC at Eagle Trace in 1996 and then at the TPC at Heron Bay from 1997 to 2002. In 2003, the event moved to Palm Beach Gardens, first at the Country Club at Mirasol through 2006, then began its current run at PGA National Golf Club's Champion Course in 2007.

Since 2007, the tournament's main beneficiary is the Nicklaus Children's Health Care Foundation, chaired by Barbara Nicklaus, wife of golf legend Jack Nicklaus.

IMG bought the tournament's management company in 2013.[3]

The prize money is comparable to other PGA Tour events outside of the "big nine" (the majors, the World Golf Championships individual events, The Players Championship, and The Tour Championship). The total purse was $6.4 million in 2017, with a top prize of $1.152 million (this can be contrasted to the total purse in 1981 of $300,000 (the equivalent of only $807,540 in 2017 dollars[4]). The original winner's share of $52,000 in 1972 made it one of the richest stops on tour, greater than for any of the four majors; it was more than double that of the Masters, which had a first prize of $25,000 in 1972.

*Weather-shortened to 54 holes
Note: Green highlight indicates scoring records.
Source:[5][6]

Four men have won the tournament more than once.

^ Nicklaus also won the 1976 Tournament Players Championship at Inverrary, which displaced the event.


who wrote the song two out of three ain't bad

"Two Out of Three Ain't Bad" is a love song performed by the American musician Meat Loaf in his solo career, preceded by "You Took the Words Right Out of My Mouth" and followed by "Paradise by the Dashboard Light". It is a track off his 1977 album Bat Out of Hell, written by Jim Steinman. It reached #11 on the Billboard Hot 100 and earned a million-selling Gold single from the RIAA. It stands as one of his career signature tunes, still enjoying recurrent airplay.

Two Out of Three Ain't Bad

It was the final song written for the album. In a 2003 interview for the VH1 Ultimate Albums series, Steinman recalls:

"I remember Mimi Kennedy [a cast member of Jim's then-current musical Rhinegold] telling me, she said, you know, when I was probably complaining why no one liked my stuff and couldn't get a deal, she says, "Well Steiny, your stuff is so complicated. Can't you write something simple?" And while she was saying that the oldies station was on the radio and it was playing that old Elvis song, 'I Want You, I Need,' whatever it was. 'I Want You, I Need You, I Love You', you know. I just started singing my own song but it was 'I Want You, I Need You, I Love You.' She said, "Why don't you write something simple like that, 'I want you, I need you, I love you'?" I said, "Well I'll try." I don't try to make them complicated. I remember going home and I tried so hard but the best I could do was: I want you, I need you but there ain't no way I'm ever gonna love you, don't be sad, 'cause two out of three ain't bad. So it was still a twist but it was my closest to a simple song, and one Elvis could have done."

A music video was shot for the single and received significant airplay on television video programs of that day, a number of years before the conception of MTV.

Two mixes were created for the song. In the album mix, timed around 5:27, one can hear prominent Moog-synthesizer embellishments by session keyboardist Roger Powell. The single mix, timed around 3:50, downmixes the synthesizer considerably, in place of a much warmer and predominant string arrangement by Ken Ascher. This mix also edits out and removes the first lyrical bridge of the song which includes the line, "There ain't no Coupe de Ville hiding at the bottom of a Cracker Jack box", and does some overlapping, splicing and editing to seamlessly merge back into the second part of the lyrical bridge, starting with, "I can't lie, I can't tell you that I'm something I'm not". Yet, another lyrical edit in the last verse removes the lines, "And though I know I'll never get her out of my heart, she never loved me back, Ooh I know, well I remember how she left me on a stormy night, oh she kissed me and got out of our bed". Lastly, a song fade-out beginning in the middle of the ending chorus' second refrain is also featured, hence removing the full-circle lyrics of "Baby we can talk all night, but that ain't getting us nowhere," that both started and ended the song, in its full album mix version.

The Japanese release changes the title of the song to use a percentage, translating it as "66% is good enough".[1]

Country music group Nitty Gritty Dirt Band performed a cover for their 1984 album Plain Dirt Fashion.

Canadian country music singer Julian Austin performed a cover for his 1997 debut album What My Heart Already Knows and reached No. 10 on the RPM Top Country Tracks charts.


who wrote i pledge allegiance to the lamb

Boltz was virtually unknown when he wrote "Thank You", which won the Song of the Year prize at the 1990 GMA Dove Awards.[2] His song "I Pledge Allegiance to the Lamb" also won a Dove Award for Inspirational Recorded Song of the Year at the 25th GMA Dove Awards in 1994. After the release of Songs from the Potter's Field in 2002, and his last tour in 2004, Boltz retired from the music industry. He separated from his wife in 2005 before moving to Fort Lauderdale, Florida, with their divorce being finalized in early 2008.

Ray Boltz

Raymond Howard "Ray" Boltz (born June 14, 1953) is a singer and songwriter who first came to wide notice in contemporary Christian music. Many of his songs tell stories of faith and inspiration.

Raised by his parents William and Ruth Boltz, Ray Boltz is the middle child of his parents' three children. A fourth child died shortly after birth. Ray was married to Carol Boltz[1] for 33 years (1975-2008), and they have four children.

On Friday, September 12, 2008, during an interview with the Washington Blade, Boltz disclosed that he was gay.[3] Since then, Boltz has performed at several churches of the Metropolitan Community Church, a gay-affirming Christian denomination.[4]

In 2010, he released the album True, which won Album of the Year at the OUTMusic Awards.[5] Boltz currently lives in Fort Lauderdale, Florida, with his partner, who is also his talent agent.

Boltz has been the recipient of two song awards from the Gospel Music Association's Dove Awards. "Thank You" received the 1990 Song of the Year award, and "I Pledge Allegiance to the Lamb" received the 1994 award for Inspirational Song. He also was one of various artists contributing to God with Us: A Celebration of Christmas Carols & Classics, which won the 1997 award for Special Event Album.