who plays tim riggins in friday night lights

Kitsch is also known for his work in television, he portrayed Tim Riggins in the NBC series Friday Night Lights (2006â€“2011), starred in the second season of the HBO series True Detective as Paul Woodrugh, and appeared in the television film The Normal Heart (2014) as Bruce Niles.

Taylor Kitsch

Taylor Kitsch (born April 8, 1981) is a Canadian actor and model. He is best known for his work in films, such as X-Men Origins: Wolverine (2009), Battleship (2012), John Carter (2012), Savages (2012) and Lone Survivor (2013).

Kitsch was born in Kelowna, British Columbia. His mother, Susan (Green), worked for the BC Liquor Board, while his father, Drew Kitsch, worked in construction.[1][2] His parents separated when he was one, and he and his two older brothers, Brody[3] and Daman, were raised by their mother in a mobile home park.[4][5] He also has two younger maternal half-sisters. Kitsch lived in Port Moody and Anmore.[6] He attended Gleneagle Secondary School in Coquitlam.[7] Kitsch started playing ice hockey at age three,[8] and played junior ice hockey for the Langley Hornets in the British Columbia Hockey League, before a knee injury ended his career.[9] Following his injury, Kitsch took nutrition and economics courses at the University of Lethbridge for a year and lived with his brother.[6]

Kitsch moved to New York City in 2002, after receiving an opportunity to pursue modeling with IMG; he studied acting there as well, and became a nutritionist and personal trainer.[10] For a time in New York he was homeless and took to sleeping on subway trains in the middle of the night.[11] In 2004, he relocated to Los Angeles, where he modeled for Diesel and Abercrombie & Fitch.[11][12] He also appeared in the limited edition coffee table book About Face by celebrity photographer John Russo.[13]

In 2006, Kitsch was cast in his breakout role on the NBC sports teen drama television series Friday Night Lights, based on Peter Berg's 2004 film of the same name and set in the fictional town of Dillon, Texas. For five seasons, Kitsch portrayed the role of Tim Riggins, a high school student who is the fullback/running back of the Dillon Panthers.[14] The series premiered in October 2006 to universal critical acclaim from critics and over 7.7 million viewers.[15] Kitsch has ruled out reprising his role in a potential film sequel to the television series.[16] He played Pogue Parry in The Covenant, alongside Steven Strait, Sebastian Stan, Laura Ramsey, Toby Hemingway, Jessica Lucas and Chace Crawford. In February 2008, he signed on to play Gambit in the X-Men franchise spinoff X-Men Origins: Wolverine, released in May 2009. Of the fan-favorite character Gambit, Kitsch states, "I knew of him, but I didn't know the following he had. I'm sure I'm still going to be exposed to that. I love the character, I love the powers, and I love what they did with him. I didn't know that much, but in my experience, it was a blessing to go in and create my take on him. I'm excited for it, to say the least."[17]

In 2010, Kitsch starred in Steven Silver's The Bang Bang Club, an historical drama set in South Africa which documents the final bloody days of the apartheid.[18] He had to lose 35 pounds in two months to play the role of photojournalist Kevin Carter, alongside Ryan Phillippe and Malin Åkerman.[19] In November 2010, The Hollywood Reporter named Kitsch as one of the young male actors who are "pushing – or being pushed" into taking over Hollywood as the new "A-List".[20][21] In the 2012 Disney film John Carter, based on Edgar Rice Burroughs's fantasy novel A Princess of Mars, he played the title character, a Confederate soldier who is transported to Mars. Despite the film's failure at the box office, Kitsch said, "I'm very proud of John Carter. Box office doesn't validate me as a person, or as an actor."[22] In May 2012, Kitsch starred in Peter Berg's Battleship, based on Hasbro's toy game, as Lieutenant Alex Hopper.[23] It, too, failed at the box office. The film marked his reunion with Berg and former Friday Night Lights co-star, Jesse Plemons.[24] In July 2012, he starred in Oliver Stone's Savages, with Blake Lively, Salma Hayek and Aaron Taylor-Johnson. HitFix's film critic Drew McWeeny was positive of Kitsch's bond with Johnson which he described as "not only credible but lived in and authentic throughout the film". McWeeny wrote that Kitsch was used the right way in this film with an ensemble that pushes him or challenges him in scenes which resulted in his playing hard, playing intense.[25]

In 2013, Kitsch starred in The Grand Seduction, remake of Jean-François Pouliot's French-Canadian La Grande Séduction (2003) directed by Don McKellar,[26] and another Peter Berg film, Lone Survivor, based on Marcus Luttrell's book.[27] He plays alongside Jim Parsons, Julia Roberts and Mark Ruffalo in Ryan Murphy's The Normal Heart, which aired on HBO on May 25, 2014.[28] Kitsch was in negotiations for the lead role in the American remake of The Raid.[29] Kitsch starred in the sophomore season of True Detective, opposite Vince Vaughn, Rachel McAdams, and Colin Farrell. Kitsch will write, direct and star in the drama Pieces.[30]

In 2017, Kitsch starred in American Assassin, where he plays the main villain, and Only the Brave. In 2018, he played the part of cult leader David Koresh in the Paramount Channel miniseries Waco.

Kitsch purchased 3.64 acres of land on Lake Austin, Texas in 2012[31] and began building a house there in 2015.[32]


how does paramecium use cilia to help with nutrition

Paramecia feed on microorganisms like bacteria, algae, and yeasts. To gather food, the Paramecium makes movements with cilia to sweep prey organisms, along with some water, through the oral groove, and inside the mouth opening. The food passes through the cell mouth into the gullet. When enough food has accumulated at the gullet base, it forms a vacuole in the cytoplasm, which then begins circulating through the cell. As it moves along, enzymes from the cytoplasm enter the vacuole to digest the contents; digested nutrients then pass into the cytoplasm, and the vacuole shrinks. When the vacuole, with its fully digested contents, reaches the anal pore, it ruptures, expelling its waste contents to the environment.[15][16]

Paramecium

Paramecium (also Paramoecium) (/ˌpærəˈmiːʃəm, -ˈmiːʃiəm, -ˈmiːsiəm/ parr-ə-MEE-sh(ee-)əm, parr-ə-MEE-see-əm[1]) is a genus of unicellular ciliates, commonly studied as a representative of the ciliate group. Paramecia are widespread in freshwater, brackish, and marine environments and are often very abundant in stagnant basins and ponds. Because some species are readily cultivated and easily induced to conjugate and divide, it has been widely used in classrooms and laboratories to study biological processes.[2] Its usefulness as a model organism has caused one ciliate researcher to characterize it as the "white rat" of the phylum Ciliophora.[3]

Paramecia were among the first ciliates to be seen by microscopists, in the late 17th century. They were probably known to the Dutch pioneer of protozoology, Antonie van Leeuwenhoek, and were clearly described by his contemporary Christiaan Huygens in a letter of 1678.[4] In 1718, the French mathematics teacher and microscopist Louis Joblot published a description and illustration of a microscopic "poisson" (fish), which he discovered in an infusion of oak bark in water. Joblot gave this creature the name "Chausson," or "Slipper," and the phrase "slipper animalcule" remained in use as a colloquial epithet for Paramecium, throughout the 18th and 19th centuries.[5] The name "Paramecium"—constructed from the Greek παραμήκης (paramēkēs, "oblong") -- was coined in 1752 by the English microscopist John Hill, who applied the name generally to "Animalcules which have no visible limbs or tails, and are of an irregularly oblong figure." [6] In 1773, O. F. Müller, the first researcher to place the genus within the Linnaean system of taxonomy, adopted the name Paramecium, but changed the spelling to Paramœcium. C. G. Ehrenberg, in a major study of the infusoria published in 1838, restored Hill's original spelling for the genus name, and most researchers have followed his lead.[7]

Species of Paramecium range in size from 50 to 330 micrometres (0.0020 to 0.0130Â in) in length. Cells are typically ovoid, elongate, foot- or cigar-shaped. The body of the cell is enclosed by a stiff but elastic membrane (pellicle), uniformly covered with simple cilia, hairlike organelles which act like tiny oars to move the organism in one direction. Nearly all species have closely spaced spindle-shaped trichocysts embedded deeply in the cellular envelope (cortex) that surrounds the organism. Typically, an anal pore (cytoproct) is located on the ventral surface, in the posterior half of the cell. In all species, there is a deep oral groove running from the anterior of the cell to its midpoint. This is lined with inconspicuous cilia which beat continuously, drawing food inside the cell.[8] Paramecia live mainly by heterotrophy, feeding on bacteria and other small organisms. A few species are mixotrophs, deriving some nutrients from endosymbiontic algae (chlorella) carried in the cytoplasm of the cell.[9]

Osmoregulation is carried out by contractile vacuoles, which actively expel water from the cell to compensate for fluid absorbed by osmosis from its surroundings.[10] The number of contractile vacuoles varies from one, to many, depending on species.[8]

A Paramecium propels itself by whiplash movements of the cilia, which are arranged in tightly spaced rows around the outside of the body. The beat of each cilium has two phases: a fast "effective stroke," during which the cilium is relatively stiff, followed by a slow "recovery stroke," during which the cilium curls loosely to one side and sweeps forward in a counter-clockwise fashion. The densely arrayed cilia move in a coordinated fashion, with waves of activity moving across the "ciliary carpet," creating an effect sometimes likened to that of the wind blowing across a field of grain.[11]

The Paramecium spirals through the water as it progresses. When it happens to encounter an obstacle, the "effective stroke" of its cilia is reversed and the organism swims backward for a brief time, before resuming its forward progress. This is called the avoidance reaction. If it runs into the solid object again, it repeats this process, until it can get past the object.[12]

It has been calculated that a Paramecium expends more than half of its energy in propelling itself through the water.[13] This ciliary method of locomotion has been found to be less than 1% efficient. This low percentage is nevertheless close to the maximum theoretical efficiency that can be achieved by an organism equipped with cilia as short as those of the members of Paramecium.[14]

Some species of Paramecium form mutualistic relationships with other organisms. Paramecium bursaria and Paramecium chlorelligerum harbour endosymbiotic green algae, from which they derive nutrients and a degree of protection from predators such as Didinium nasutum.[17][18] Numerous bacterial endosymbionts have been identified in species of Paramecium.[19][20] Some intracellular bacteria, known as Kappa particles, give Paramecia that have them the ability to kill other strains of Paramecium that lack Kappa.[19]

The genome of the species Paramecium tetraurelia has been sequenced, providing evidence for three whole-genome duplications.[21]

In some ciliates, like Stylonychia and Paramecium, only UGA is decoded as a stop codon, while UAG and UAA are reassigned as sense codons.[22]

The question of whether paramecia exhibit learning has been the object of a great deal of experimentation, yielding equivocal results. However, a study published in 2006 seems to show that Paramecium caudatum may be trained, through the application of a 6.5 volt electric current, to discriminate between brightness levels.[23] This experiment has been cited as a possible instance of cell memory, or epigenetic learning in organisms with no nervous system.[24]

Like all ciliates, Paramecium has a dual nuclear apparatus, consisting of a polyploid macronucleus, and one or more diploid micronuclei. The macronucleus controls non-reproductive cell functions, expressing the genes needed for daily functioning. The micronucleus is the generative, or germline nucleus, containing the genetic material that is passed along from one generation to the next.[25]

Paramecium reproduces asexually, by binary fission. During reproduction, the macronucleus splits by a type of amitosis, and the micronuclei undergo mitosis. The cell then divides transversally, and each new cell obtains a copy of the micronucleus and the macronucleus.[3]

Fission may occur spontaneously, in the course of the vegetative cell cycle. Under certain conditions, it may be preceded by self-fertilization (autogamy),[26] or it may follow conjugation, a sexual phenomenon in which Paramecium of compatible mating types fuse temporarily and exchange genetic material. During conjugation, the micronuclei of each conjugant divide by meiosis and the haploid gametes pass from one cell to the other. The gametes of each organism then fuse to form diploid micronuclei. The old macronuclei are destroyed, and new ones are developed from the new micronuclei.[27]

Autogamy or conjugation can be induced by shortage of food at certain points in the Paramecium life cycle.[28]

In the asexual fission phase of growth, during which cell divisions occur by mitosis rather than meiosis, clonal aging occurs leading to a gradual loss of vitality. In some species, such as the well studied Paramecium tetraurelia, the asexual line of clonally aging paramecia loses vitality and expires after about 200 fissions if the cells fail to undergo autogamy or conjugation. The basis for clonal aging was clarified by transplantation experiments of Aufderheide.[29] When macronuclei of clonally young paramecia were injected into paramecia of standard clonal age, the lifespan (clonal fissions) of the recipient was prolonged. In contrast, transfer of cytoplasm from clonally young paramecia did not prolong the lifespan of the recipient. These experiments indicated that the macronucleus, rather than the cytoplasm, is responsible for clonal aging. Other experiments by Smith-Sonneborn,[30] Holmes and Holmes[31] and Gilley and Blackburn[32] demonstrated that, during clonal aging, DNA damage increases dramatically (also reviewed by Bernstein and Bernstein).[33] Thus, DNA damage in the macronucleus appears to be the cause of aging in P. tetraurelia. In this single-celled protist, aging appears to proceed as it does in multicellular eukaryotes, as described in DNA damage theory of aging.

When clonally aged P. tetraurelia are stimulated to undergo meiosis in association with either conjugation or automixis, the progeny are rejuvenated, and are able to have many more mitotic binary fission divisions. During either of these processes the micronuclei of the cell(s) undergo meiosis, the old macronucleus disintegrates and a new macronucleus is formed by replication of the micronuclear DNA that had recently undergone meiosis. There is apparently little, if any, DNA damage in the new macronucleus. These findings suggest that clonal aging is due, in large part, to a progressive accumulation of DNA damage (see DNA damage theory of aging); and that rejuvenation is due to the repair of this damage in the micronucleus during meiosis. Meiosis appears to be an adaptation for DNA repair and rejuvenation in these paramecia.[34]

Paramecium bursaria, a species with symbiotic algae

Paramecium binary fission

Paramecium caudatum in conjugation


what is the function of the subacromial bursa

The subacromial bursa is the synovial cavity located just below the acromion, which communicates with the subdeltoid bursa in most individuals, forming the so-called subacromial-subdeltoid bursa (SSB).

Subacromial bursa

The SSB bursa is located deep to the deltoid muscle and the coracoacromial arch and extends laterally beyond the humeral attachment of the rotator cuff, anteriorly to overlie the intertubercular groove, medially to the acromioclavicular joint, and posteriorly over the rotator cuff. The SSB decreases friction and allows free motion of the rotator cuff relative to the coracoacromial arch and the deltoid muscle.

French anatomist and surgeon, Jean-FranÃ§ois Jarjavay is credited as the first to describe morbid processes of the SSB in 1867.[1] Since then, histologic studies have documented that synovial membrane may undergo inflammatory and/or degenerative changes and many now believe that they correspond to different stages in the spectrum of disease, with long-lasting inflammation leading to degeneration and fibrosis.[2]


who voiced spider man in the new game

Yuri Lowenthal is the voice actor and John Bubniak is the physical actor for Spider-Man in the game.[18] In early 2015, Lowenthal got the role after some initial pushback within Insomniac due to him voicing one of the main playable characters for Insomniac's most recently released game at the time, Sunset Overdrive, but ultimately the game's lead writer Jon Paquette convinced the studio to cast him in the role due to his trust in Lowenthal's acting ability.[18] Lowenthal worked with two stunt people throughout the game's development.[18] He tried to differentiate between his voices for Peter Parker and Spider-Man but thought that they could not be totally different and as a result spent a large amount of time "finessing and massaging" his performance to achieve a balance.[18] Jon Paquette, Christos Gage, Ben Arfmann, and Dan Slott serve as writers of the game.[1]

Spider-Man (2018 video game)

Marvel's Spider-Man is an upcoming action-adventure game based on the Marvel Comics superhero Spider-Man, developed by Insomniac Games and published by Sony Interactive Entertainment for PlayStation 4. It will be the first licensed game developed by Insomniac. The game will tell a new story about Spider-Man that is not tied to an existing comic book, video game, or film. It will cover both the Peter Parker and Spider-Man aspects of the character and will feature an older and more experienced Spider-Man.

The game is scheduled to be released worldwide on September 7, 2018. After the intended release however, there will be extra content being added to Spider-Man via the "City Never Sleeps Initiative".

Spider-Man is an action-adventure game set in an open world modern-day New York City and played from a third-person perspective. It features combat systems such as an aerial combat, spider sense and reflexes, finishing moves. Spider-Man can push attacking enemies off of buildings, though Spider-Man will not let them fall, webbing them to the side of the building.[2] The player will be able to use Spider-Man's abilities such as web slinging and wall-crawling as well other gameplay elements, one of which will be the ability to traverse using parkour, and the crafting and use of gadgets and alternative suits with special powers.[3][4][5] Environmental combat, quick time events and stealth will also be featured in the game.[6] Peter Parker (outside of his Spider-Man suit) will be playable in parts of the game and Mary Jane Watson will be playable in "key moments" of the game.[7]

In addition to Spider-Man and Mary Jane Watson, Miles Morales, Aunt May, Norman Osborn, Yuri Watanabe, and Black Cat will appear in the game.[7][8][9] It also contains numerous cameos, references and mentions of other characters from the Marvel Universe, such as Daredevil and the Avengers. Villains originating in Spider-Man and other Marvel comics will also appear, including Mister Negative, Kingpin, Shocker, Electro, Rhino, Scorpion,and Vulture.[8][10]

Peter Parker is 23 years old and interning at a laboratory and has just graduated from college.[9] Peter has been Spider-Man for eight years and has settled into his role as protector of New York City.[9] Early in the story, Spider-Man defeats Wilson Fisk. Afterwards, a new gang emerges known as the Inner Demons who are taking over Fisk's territory.[11] Spider-Man arrives at a construction site owned by Kingpin and must defend Kingpin's men who are under attack by the Inner Demons.[12] While fending off the Inner Demons from the construction site, Peter learns that Martin Li, one of New York's most prominent philanthropists, leads the Inner Demons under his alter-ego Mister Negative.[12] Martin also runs the F.E.A.S.T. shelters located across the city, which complicates things for Peter's personal life as his Aunt May works at F.E.A.S.T.[12]

Marvel Games approached Sony Interactive Entertainment (SIE) wanting them to publish a Marvel game and to treat the game like a first party SIE title.[13] The game will be the first licensed game developed by Insomniac Games after 22 years of developing intellectual properties they have created, such as Spyro, Ratchet & Clank and Resistance. Bryan Intihar, the producer of Sunset Overdrive and former community manager of Insomniac Games, is the creative director of the project and Ryan Smith is the game director. It is Intihar's first time working in that role on a game. The community manager of Insomniac Games confirmed that they are using Sunset Overdrive's modified game engine.[14] The game features the largest production team for an Insomniac game.[15] The game was announced during Sony's E3 2016 press conference on June 13.[16] It will be the first in a series of games made by Insomniac and Sony and marks the start of Marvel Games' new strategy to work with the "best game companies" who are passionate about their characters.[17]

In April 2017, Ryan Penagos, Vice President and Executive Editor of Marvel Digital Media, stated that the game would be released in 2017.[19] At Sony's E3 2017 conference, the first gameplay demo was shown and it was announced that the game would be released in 2018.[20] Shawn Layden, the president of SIE America and chairman of SIE Worldwide Studios later confirmed that Spider-Man, and SIE's other games announced for 2018 at the conference, will be released in the first half of 2018.[21] The game is scheduled to be released on September 7, 2018.[22]

The Spider-Man from the game will be featured in the comic storyline "Spidergeddon". The storyline is written by Christos Gage (who also wrote the video game), who noted "Spidergeddon" takes place after the events of the game. The first issue in the storyline, Spidergeddon #0, will be released on September 26, 2018.[1]


when did the big n tasty come out

The Big N' Tasty was introduced in 1997 and was originally tested in the Californian market, while the Big Xtra was test marketed in the Northeastern United States as the MBX;[9][10][11] during the simultaneous testing phase, either one could be sold depending upon the test market.[12] The Big N' Tasty was phased in nationally in 2000, displacing the Big Xtra in the United States. The national introduction was done to coincide with the opening of Disney's California Adventure. From 2002 until 2003, the Big N' Tasty was one of the flagship products for the McDonald's Dollar Menu. McDonald's removed the Big N' Tasty from the Dollar Menu on February 1, 2003, so that the Double Cheeseburger could take its place. McDonald's removed the Big N' Tasty from its menu in the United States on January 1, 2011.[13]

Big N' Tasty

The Big Nâ€™ Tasty is a hamburger sold by the international fast food chain McDonald's. It is designed to compete with the Burger King Whopper sandwich[1]. A similar variation called the Big Tasty, without the center "N'", which was first released in Jordan, is sold outside the United States in parts of Europe, South America, the Middle East, and Taiwan.

The Big N' Tasty consists of a seasoned quarter-pound (4 oz, 113.4 g) beef patty with ketchup, mayonnaise, slivered onions, two dill pickle slices, leaf lettuce, and one tomato slice on a sesame seed bun.

The Big Tasty configuration is somewhat different, consisting of a third-pound (151 g) beef patty, 5-inch (12.7 cm) sesame seed bun, square-cut lettuce, two tomato slices, sliced onions, three slices of Emmental cheese, and Big Tasty sauce (which has a smoke flavor[2]).

The Big Tasty Bacon variant also contains strips of bacon. This variant is not available in the U.S., only internationally.

Discontinued and preceding variants

The Big N' Tasty is the latest in a series of burgers that were designed to compete against the Whopper from Burger King.[1] The first sandwich in this line of products was the McDLT. It was sold in a novel form of packaging where the meat and bottom bun was prepared separately from the lettuce, tomato, cheese, pickles, sauces, and top bun and both were then packaged into a specially designed two-sided container.[5] The consumer was then expected to finalize preparation of it by combining the "hot" and "cool" sides just before eating. The company discontinued it between December 1990 and January 1991 to appear more environmentally friendly as it moved away from polystyrene packaging which was integral to the McDLT "experience".[6]

The McDLT was eventually succeeded by the McLean Deluxe in 1991. This was a lower fat burger that included carrageenan to replace the beef fat in the patty, and was served without mayonnaise.[7] While it tested well, it failed to catch on after the national roll-out and was discontinued in February 1996 in favor of the new Arch Deluxe,[7] an adult oriented burger that featured a higher quality roll and a dijon mustard based mayonnaise. It was also unsuccessful and was discontinued in 1998.[8]

The Big N' Tasty was first test marketed under a different name in a limited number of McDonald's restaurants in Sweden during the summer of 2003, followed by a national release during the autumn with the current name. In the UK, it launched in December 2003 with the advertising slogan "Sorry Yanks, this one's for us". It was phased out of all restaurants in August 2005 as part of the menu clear up that made way for the launch of the Deli Sandwiches. It was reintroduced to the UK menu as part of the limited time offer program in the Autumn of 2006. It was again introduced to the menu in the summers of 2007, 2008, and continues to do so as a promotional item, generally during winter and summer when other food events (such as the World Cup or the company's popular Monopoly promotion) are not running. The Big Tasty returned in January 2013 as part of the January food promotion. It was recently removed in Denmark and in the Netherlands for unknown reasons; it was reintroduced in the Netherlands on April 2, 2012.[15] It is still available at all McDonald's restaurants in Latvia, Norway, Greece and the majority of the restaurants in Sweden. The Big N' Tasty was also introduced to the Philippine market.