who is the youngest quarterback to win the superbowl

Roethlisberger earned the AP NFL Offensive Rookie of the Year Award in 2004 and his first Pro Bowl selection in 2007. He became the youngest Super Bowl-winning quarterback in NFL history, leading the Steelers, in only his second professional season, to a 21–10 victory over the Seattle Seahawks in Super Bowl XL at the age of 23. Roethlisberger led the Steelers to a second Super Bowl title in four seasons as they defeated the Arizona Cardinals in Super Bowl XLIII, 27–23, after completing a game-winning touchdown pass to Santonio Holmes with 35 seconds left in the game. He appeared in his third Super Bowl in Super Bowl XLV, but the team would fall by a score of 31-25 to the Green Bay Packers.

Ben Roethlisberger

Benjamin Todd Roethlisberger Sr. (/ˈrɒθlɪsbɜːrɡər/; born March 2, 1982), nicknamed Big Ben, is an American football quarterback for the Pittsburgh Steelers of the National Football League (NFL). He played college football at Miami University (Ohio), and was drafted by the Steelers in the first round (11th overall) of the 2004 NFL Draft.

Roethlisberger has been one of the most efficient passers in NFL history. He currently ranks 9th all-time in NFL passer rating (94.0), tied for 6th in yards per attempt (7.93), and tied for 10th in completion percentage (63.85%) among quarterbacks with a minimum of 1,500 career attempts. He has the fourth highest career winning percentage (.710) as a starter in the regular season among quarterbacks with a minimum of 100 starts. He is one of six quarterbacks in NFL history to have beaten at least 31 of the current NFL teams.[1]

Known for playing outside the pocket in what he calls "backyard football",[2] Roethlisberger grew up idolizing John Elway, and has often been compared to him.[3] Roethlisberger wears number 7 in Elway's honor.[4]

At Findlay High School in Findlay, Ohio, Roethlisberger was captain of the football, basketball, and baseball teams. Roethlisberger did not play quarterback until his senior year, giving way to the coach's son, Ryan Hite. Instead, Roethlisberger played wide receiver because, as coach Cliff Hite explained to the Toledo Blade, "My son throwing to Ben was a better combination."[5] Hite told the Toledo Blade regarding the decision to start his son at quarterback over Roethlisberger: "I'm a nationally known knucklehead."[5]

Roethslisberger played college quarterback at Miami University in Oxford, Ohio. After arriving at Miami in 2000, he was redshirted his first season. He debuted in 2001 against Michigan, completing 18 of 35 passes for 193 yards and 2 touchdowns. Against Akron, he broke the school single-game passing record with 399 passing yards, with 70 of those yards coming on a Hail Mary to Eddie Tillitz to win as time expired. When Miami played Bowling Green, he had 2 touchdowns and 305 passing yards and broke the MAC freshman passing yardage record. Playing against Hawai'i he broke school records for attempts, completions, and yardage, when he went 40 of 53 for 452 yards. He finished his first year with the Redhawks with 3,105 passing yards, 241 completions, and 25 touchdown completions.[6]

Roethlisberger started the 2002 regular season opener on August 31 against North Carolina, throwing for 204 yards and having a career best 59-yard punt. Against Iowa, on September 7, he threw for 343 yards and 3 touchdowns in a disappointing Miami loss. He broke the MAC single-game record for passing yards in a loss against Northern Illinois on October 12, 2002 when he threw for 525 yards and 4 touchdowns. He won the MAC East Special Teams Player of the Week for three punts that landed inside the 20 against Toledo. He established the Miami single-season record with 3,238 passing yards and 271 completions in 2002.[6]

In 2003, Roethlisberger led the Miami RedHawks to an unbeaten record in the MAC, a No. 10 ranking in the Associated Press poll, and a 49â€“28 victory over Louisville in the 2003 GMAC Bowl.[7] He finished his 2003 season with 343 completions, 4,486 passing yards, and 37 passing touchdowns, breaking school single-season records in all three categories.[6]

His jersey number #7 was retired by the RedHawks during homecoming on Saturday, October 13, 2007, with festivities including the RedHawks football game against Bowling Green. Roethlisberger became only the third athlete in Miami football history to have his number retired, joining John Pont and Bob Hitchens. Roethlisberger's number being retired was the first time in 34 years Miami retired a football jersey number.[8][9]

Miami University is in Oxford, Ohio, and all records are from the 2008 media guide.[10]

The success of the 2003 Miami Redhawks led to the expectation that Roethlisberger would be drafted early. During the GMAC Bowl, commentators discussed some of his skills that would translate to success in the NFL.

At the combine, Roethlisberger scored a 25 on the Wonderlic.[12] Roethlisberger was one of the players invited to attend the draft along with others in the "Green Room" and was featured on the show Hey Rookie, Welcome to the NFL.

Roethlisberger was one of four quarterbacks taken in the first round of the 2004 NFL Draft along with Philip Rivers, Eli Manning, and J. P. Losman. Due to the trade involving Manning and Rivers, Roethlisberger was the highest-drafted quarterback that year that played for the team that drafted him. Before Commissioner Paul Tagliabue announced the selection of Roethlisberger, the phone call he received by Steelers head coach Bill Cowher was shown live on ESPN, confirming the team's selection before the official announcement.

Roethlisberger, Rivers, and Manning have all been voted to the Pro Bowl since becoming starters. Roethlisberger and Manning have each won two Super Bowls. The trio have been compared favorably to the Quarterback class of 1983, which included Hall of Fame quarterbacks Dan Marino, John Elway, and Jim Kelly.[13]

Roethlisberger was selected 11th overall in the 2004 NFL Draft by the Pittsburgh Steelers. On August 4, 2004, he signed a six-year contract worth $22.26 million in salaries and bonuses, with an additional $17.73 million available via incentives. He was touted by then-Steelers coach Bill Cowher in a press conference as a franchise quarterback.[14]

On March 4, 2008, the Pittsburgh Steelers and Roethlisberger agreed to an eight-year, $102 million contract.[15] Roethlisberger had two years left on his original that he signed after the draft. He has stated that he wants to retire as a Steeler.[16]

He started his rookie season as the No. 3 quarterback behind veterans Tommy Maddox and Charlie Batch. When Batch was injured in the preseason, however, Roethlisberger took over the No. 2 quarterback role. Maddox started, and won, the season opener against the Raiders and started versus the Ravens, but after an ineffective outing and third-quarter injury to Maddox, Roethlisberger stepped in for his first NFL action. Despite spurring a mild comeback, the Steelers lost to the Baltimore Ravens 30-13. In his regular season debut against the Ravens, Roethlisberger completed 12/20 passes for 176-yards and two touchdowns and two interceptions. During the game, he threw his first career touchdown, on a three-yard pass to Antwaan Randle El and also threw his first career interception to Ravens linebacker Adalius Thomas. Maddox's injury changed the Steelers' original plan for Roethlisberger, which was for him to sit on the bench or play sparingly during the first season or two in order to learn the team's system. Instead, he started the third game of the season against the Miami Dolphins, finishing the 13-3 victory with 12/22 completions, 163 passing yards, one touchdown, and an interception.

As a rookie, he went 13–0 in the regular season (14–1 including playoffs) as a starting quarterback, helping the Steelers become the first AFC team to have 15 wins (2–1 under Maddox [first two and last game], 13–0 under Roethlisberger) in a single regular season, surpassing former Steeler Mike Kruczek for the record for the best start by a rookie (6–0) and exceeding the mark for total wins as a rookie, set by Chris Chandler and Joe Ferguson. On January 5, 2005, Roethlisberger was unanimously selected as the NFL Offensive Rookie of the Year by the Associated Press, the first quarterback in 34 years to be so honored.

On October 31, 2004, he had one of his biggest games, leading the Steelers to a 34–20 victory over the defending Super Bowl champion and previously undefeated New England Patriots, ending their NFL-record 21-game winning streak. He completed 18 of 24 pass attempts for 196 yards, two touchdowns and no turnovers. The next game, the Steelers defeated the also previously undefeated Philadelphia Eagles 27–3, with Roethlisberger going 11 of 18 for 183 yards, with two touchdowns and one interception.

In his first nationally televised game on Sunday Night Football, he led the Steelers to a 17â€“16 victory over the Jacksonville Jaguars. He was near-perfect on the night, completing 14 of 17 passes for 226 yards and two touchdowns. Jeff Reed's 37-yard field goal in the final minute gave the Steelers and Roethlisberger their tenth straight win.

Two weeks later, Roethlisberger faced off against the New York Giants and the no. 1 overall pick of the 2004 draft, Eli Manning. Roethlisberger posted his first career 300-yard passing game, with 18 of 28 passes for 316 yards and a touchdown. He led his fifth game-winning drive of the season, capping a drive with a Jerome Bettis touchdown run for a 33â€“30 victory. Eli Manning threw an interception to seal the game for Pittsburgh.

In the divisional playoffs against the New York Jets, Roethlisberger threw two interceptions. One interception was returned for a touchdown, and the other was thrown with 2:03 left in the fourth quarter, which set up a potential game-winning field goal by Jets kicker Doug Brien. Brien missed the kick as time expired (his second missed kick in the last two minutes of the game), forcing the game into overtime. In overtime, Roethlisberger led the Steelers down the field and put them in position for the game-winning field goal, a 33-yard attempt that was made by Jeff Reed, sending the Steelers into the AFC Championship for the fourth time in 10 years.

On January 23, 2005 in the AFC Championship Game in Pittsburgh, Roethlisberger completed 14 of 24 pass attempts for 226 yards and two touchdowns, but he also threw three costly interceptions, one of which was returned for a touchdown by Rodney Harrison. The Steelers lost the game to the eventual Super Bowl champions, the New England Patriots, by a score of 41–27.

In the 2005 regular season, the Steelers finished 11â€“5. After securing an AFC wild card spot en route to victory in the Super Bowl, the Steelers pulled off upsets at Indianapolis and Denver in the AFC playoffs in addition to wins over higher seeds Cincinnati and Seattle.

During the course of the regular 2005 season, Roethlisberger missed four games due to various knee injuries. The Steelers went 9-3 with Roethlisberger at quarterback and 2â€“2 without him. He led the league in Yards Per Attempt with an 8.90, and finished third in passer rating behind Peyton Manning and Carson Palmer with a 98.6.[17]

The Super Bowl run began on January 8, 2006 as Roethlisberger helped lead the Steelers to a playoff win over the Cincinnati Bengals—an AFC North rival that had beaten the Steelers by seven points in the regular season to win the division championship. The rematch featured two teams with identical records, having split their regular season series since each team won on the road. Early in the game on Carson Palmer's first throw, a tackle by former Steeler Kimo von Oelhoffen resulted in Palmer's anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) being completely torn. The Bengals' backup quarterback, Jon Kitna, came in and led the Bengals to leads of 10–0 and 17–7. However, the 17–7 lead midway through the second quarter would be the last time in the 2005 postseason that the Steelers would trail an opponent by more than three points. After Kitna failed to produce, the Steelers took advantage by taking the next 24 straight points, and the win, in a 31–17 victory in Cincinnati.

Their second road win came on January 15. Roethlisberger led the Steelers against the Indianapolis Colts, the NFL's top team throughout the season and a heavy favorite to represent the AFC in Super Bowl XL. Roethlisberger threw for 197 yards and recorded a game-saving tackle on Colts' defensive back Nick Harper, who had just recovered a Jerome Bettis fumble with less than two minutes left in the game. Pittsburgh led early but had to survive a Colts comeback to win 21â€“18, after an errant call that the NFL later admitted was a mistake,[18] which overturned a Troy Polamalu interception that would have secured the game for the Steelers. Roethlisberger's tackle on Harper, dubbed by many as The Tackle II or The Immaculate Redemption, was compared by many to "The Immaculate Reception" in 1972, when Franco Harris made a miraculous reception and scored the game-winning touchdown against the Oakland Raiders. The victory marked the first time in playoff history that a sixth-seeded NFL playoff team defeated the top-seeded team.

On January 22, 2006, the Steelers defeated the Broncos 34â€“17 in Denver to win the AFC Championship and advance to Super Bowl XL. Roethlisberger completed 21 of 29 passes for 275 yards and threw two touchdown passes and scored one touchdown himself on a four-yard play-action bootleg. His run was the last touchdown of the game, sealing the win for the Steelers.

The Pittsburgh Steelers won Super Bowl XL 21â€“10 over the Seattle Seahawks in Detroit on February 5, 2006. Roethlisberger had one of the worst passing games of his career, completing just nine of 21 passes for 123 yards and two interceptions; his passer rating of 22.6 was the lowest in Super Bowl history by a winning quarterback. Though he did convert eight third-down situations in the game to help the Steelers win, none of them was bigger than his 37-yard pass to Super Bowl XL MVP Hines Ward on a third-and-28 that set up the Steelers' first touchdown (a one-yard quarterback sneak by Roethlisberger on third and goal). With the victory, Roethlisberger, at 23 years old, became the youngest quarterback to win the Super Bowl, a record previously held by Tom Brady of the New England Patriots.[19]

After an off-season motorcycle crash in which he was seriously injured, Roethlisberger missed the opening game of the 2006 season after having an emergency appendectomy on September 3. Backup Charlie Batch started and led the Steelers to a victory over Miami. Roethlisberger played the following game against Jacksonville on Monday Night Football. His return resulted in a sub-par performance as he threw two interceptions with no touchdowns in a 9–0 loss. In week three, Roethlisberger completed fewer than half of his passes for three interceptions and no touchdowns in a 28–20 loss to the Bengals. The final interception came in the final seconds of the game, in the end zone, ending Pittsburgh's comeback attempt.

In a week-five game against the San Diego Chargers on Sunday Night Football, Roethlisberger looked sharp throughout the first half, leading three scoring drives. However, in the second half, he threw two interceptions, both of which shifted momentum away from the Steelers and led to the Chargers' 23–13 win. In week six against the Kansas City Chiefs, Roethlisberger had his first big game of the season, completing 16 of 19 passes for 238 yards with two touchdowns (his first of the year) and no interceptions during a 45–7 rout of the Chiefs. During week seven in Atlanta, Roethlisberger continued his success, going 16 of 22 for 237 yards and three touchdowns. But during the third quarter, Roethlisberger was helped off the field after suffering a concussion following a controversial hit by Falcons defensive end Patrick Kerney. Roethlisberger was replaced by Charlie Batch, and the Steelers went on to lose 41–38 in overtime.

On October 29 against the Oakland Raiders, Roethlisberger threw four interceptions in a 20–13 upset loss. The loss was his fifth of the season—two more than he had in his first two seasons combined as a starter—and gave him a total of 11 interceptions, versus just six touchdowns, on the season. In a week-nine rematch of the 2005 AFC championship game against Denver, Roethlisberger threw a career-high 433 yards but had three of the six Steelers turnovers in a 31–20 loss. Roethlisberger and the Steelers got back on a winning track in a home game a week later against the New Orleans Saints. He passed for 265 yards and three touchdowns in a 38–31 win.

In week 11, Roethlisberger overcame three first-half interceptions by throwing for 224 yards and two touchdowns in the fourth quarter, leading the Steelers to score 21 points and come back to beat the Cleveland Browns, 24–20. The following week, Roethlisberger and the Steelers were held scoreless in a 27–0 loss to the Baltimore Ravens. Roethlisberger finished 21 of 41 for 214 yards and two interceptions. He was sacked nine times, including once by Ravens linebacker Bart Scott, which sent him to the sidelines briefly. He also fumbled once, which the Ravens returned for a touchdown in the second half. Roethlisberger bounced back the following game, throwing for 198 yards and two touchdowns in a 20–3 victory over Tampa Bay.

Pittsburgh kept their playoff hopes alive in week 14 with a 27–7 victory against the Browns. Roethlisberger went 11 of 21 for 225 yards with one touchdown, and rushed for one more. In week 15, Roethlisberger threw for 140 yards and a touchdown in a 37–3 rout of the Carolina Panthers. The following week, Baltimore eliminated Pittsburgh from the playoffs. In the 31–7 defeat, Roethlisberger was intercepted twice and threw for 156 yards.

Roethlisberger ended the season on a good note by defeating the Cincinnati Bengals 23â€“17 in overtime in what would be Bill Cowher's final game as Steelers coach. He was 19 for 28 passing with 280 yards, one touchdown, and one interception. In overtime, Roethlisberger completed a slant pass to rookie Santonio Holmes, who went 67 yards for the game-winning touchdown. This win eliminated the Bengals from playoff contention.

In Week 1 against the Browns, Roethlisberger threw four touchdown passes in a game for the first time in his NFL career as he led the Steelers to a win in the debut of new Steelers head coach Mike Tomlin.[20] Against the Cardinals in Week 4, Roethlisberger looked to get a win over his former offensive coordinator Ken Whisenhunt, who was then the head coach of the Cardinals. However, Roethlisberger had his first loss of the season as he was intercepted twice; once in the red zone, and then on a desperation pass with six seconds left in the game.[21]

In Week 9 against the Ravens on Monday Night Football, Roethlisberger passed for a career-high five touchdown passes, which tied the team record held by Terry Bradshaw and Mark Malone. All five touchdowns were thrown in the first half, making Roethlisberger one of two quarterbacks in the 2007 season (the other being Tom Brady), and only the fifth quarterback since the 1970 merger, to accomplish such a feat. He also posted a perfect 158.3 passer rating.[22] Against the Browns in Week 10, Roethlisberger helped the Steelers erase a 15-point deficit against the rival Browns in a 31â€“28 victory.[23]

In Week 12 against the Dolphins, Roethlisberger set a Steelers record, completing 85.7% of his passes (18 of 21) as the Steelers beat the Miami Dolphins, 3–0—a feat made all the more remarkable given the weather conditions. Pittsburgh was hit with a torrential storm, delaying the Monday night game 30 minutes due to lightning, while turning the new sod on the field, laid earlier that week, into a soggy mess. In many parts of the field, players sunk several inches with each step. After one of the game's punts, the ball infamously stood straight up, stuck in the ground upon impact. With the game scoreless in the fourth quarter, Roethlisberger led a game-winning field goal drive for the only points of the night.[24]

Roethlisberger threw his 29th touchdown pass of the season in Week 15 against the Jaguars, breaking the team single-season touchdown pass record previously held by Bradshaw.[25] On Thursday Night Football against the Rams in Week 16, Roethlisberger became the first quarterback in NFL history to have two perfect passer rating (158.3) games in the same regular season, completing 16 of 20 passes for 261 yards and 3 touchdowns. It was his third career perfect passer rating game, tying Peyton Manning for the most such regular season games in NFL history.[26]

To cap his comeback season, Roethlisberger was selected to his first Pro Bowl, joining five other Steelers teammates on the AFC squad. Roethlisberger's 32 touchdown passes ranked third in the NFL, behind Tony Romo and Tom Brady, while his 104.1 passer rating was second only to Brady. Roethlisberger also set a new Steelers single-season record with 32 touchdown passes.

In a week 15 rematch, the Steelers were defeated by the Jaguars in the AFC Wild Card game, 31â€“29.[27] Roethlisberger finished third in Comeback Player of the Year voting, behind the Patriots' Randy Moss and the Dallas Cowboys' Greg Ellis, who won the award.[28] Roethlisberger played in his first Pro Bowl in Hawaii.[29]

In Week 1 against the Texans, Roethlisberger completed 13 of 14 passes for a career-high 92.9 completion percentage (min. 10 attempts), and finished with 137 yards passing and two touchdown passes in the 38–17 win. Byron Leftwich took over in the fourth quarter when Roethlisberger was on the sideline with a shoulder injury.[30] The next week against the Browns, he had the first pass reception of his career: a negative-seven-yard completion to himself after a deflected pass in the 2nd quarter.[31] In a 15–6 loss to the Eagles in Week 3, Roethlisberger was sacked eight times, fumbled twice, threw one interception, and was called for a safety in the fourth quarter. He did not finish the game, as his throwing hand was injured.[32]

On Monday Night Football against the Ravens in Week 4, the Steelers trailed 13–3 at halftime. Roethlisberger threw a touchdown pass to Santonio Holmes in the third quarter to start a comeback. He completed two passes to Mewelde Moore for 31 yards in overtime, setting up Jeff Reed for the winning 46-yard field goal.[33] The next week, Roethlisberger threw for 239 yards in the first half—a career-high for one half—and directed the game-winning drive, passing for an eight-yard touchdown to Hines Ward to defeat the Jaguars 26–21.[34] He was named AFC Offensive Player of the Week and the FedEx Air Player of the Week for his performance.[35]

Roethlisberger had one of the worst performances of his career in a Week 9 loss to the Redskins, posting career lows in passer rating (15.1), completions (5), passing yards (50), yards per attempt (2.94) and completion percentage (29.4%).[36] In Week 13 at New England, in consistent rain, Roethlisberger completed 17 of 33 passes for 179 yards, two touchdowns, and one interception. After falling behind, 10–3, in the second quarter, Roethlisberger led the Steelers to 30 unanswered points in a 33–10 victory.[37]

Against the Cowboys in Week 14, Roethlisberger had his 49th victory as a starting quarterback, breaking the record for the most wins by a quarterback in their first five NFL seasons.[38] The Steelers clinched the AFC North in Week 15 with a win over the Ravens,[39] and with a loss the following week clinched the No. 2 seed in the playoffs.[40] The Steelers defeated the Chargers in the divisional round and Ravens in the AFC Championship Game en route to the Super Bowl.[41][42]

In Super Bowl XLIII against the Cardinals, Roethlisberger led the Steelers to one of the more dramatic victories in Super Bowl history. On the first two offensive drives, Roethlisberger passed for 122 yards on seven of eight passing attempts, which was one yard shy of his total amount from his first Super Bowl start. The Steelers led, 10–0, and went into halftime up, 17–7. The lead grew to 20–7 before Arizona mounted a comeback. Trailing for the first time in the game, 23–20, with 2:30 remaining in the game, Roethlisberger took the field to start the winning drive. After a holding penalty on the first play, Roethlisberger marched the Steelers 88 yards in eight plays, hooking up with game MVP Santonio Holmes four times for 73 yards on the drive, including the six-yard touchdown pass that put the Steelers ahead with 0:35 remaining.[43] Overall, Roethlisberger finished 21 of 30 for 256 yards, one touchdown, and one interception. He had a passer rating of 93.2.[44]

In Week 3 against the Cincinnati Bengals, the Steelers were dominant in the first half and led, 20–9, in the fourth quarter, but the defense surrendered the lead with fourteen seconds left. Roethlisberger got the ball back with two seconds remaining and his hail mary was incomplete. It is his first NFL loss in the state of Ohio, snapping an 11–0 record.[45] He improved his record of 10–0 against the Cleveland Browns by throwing for 417 yards and 2 touchdowns in Week 6.[46] In Week 11 against the Kansas City Chiefs, he had thrown for 398 yards and three touchdowns before leaving the game in overtime after taking a knee to the helmet on a scramble attempt.[47] He suffered the fourth concussion of his NFL career.[48] After sitting out the overtime loss in week 12 at Baltimore, Roethlisberger started against the Oakland Raiders in Week 13 and passed for 278 yards and 2 touchdown passes. He threw a go ahead touchdown pass to Hines Ward with 1:56 remaining, only to have the Raiders answer back with a winning touchdown with nine seconds left. The Steelers could not hold three leads in the fourth quarter. They led 10–6, 17–13 and 24–20. It was the fifth loss of the season in which they surrendered the lead in the final quarter.[49]

On a frigid Thursday night in Cleveland in Week 14, Roethlisberger was sacked 8 times and did not lead a touchdown drive in his first career loss to Cleveland, ending a perfect 10â€“record against the rival Browns. It is the first time he lost four straight starts.[50]

In Week 15 against the Green Bay Packers, Roethlisberger broke several franchise passing records in ending the five-game losing streak for the Steelers with the biggest passing day in franchise history. His first pass of the day was a 60-yard touchdown to Mike Wallace, and his last pass was a game-winning 19-yard touchdown to Wallace on the final play of the game. He passed for 503 yards, 3 touchdowns, and had no turnovers. He broke Terry Bradshaw's single-season record of 3,724 passing yards, and set a new mark for single-season completions (302). After leading a FG drive to take a 30–28 lead, the defense again surrendered the lead and the Steelers trailed, 36–30. Roethlisberger used all 2:01 he had left to drive the team 86 yards for the winning touchdown with no time remaining.[51] Roethlisberger was named AFC Player of the Week for his effort; the 5th time he has won that award in his career.[52]

In Week 16 against the Baltimore Ravens, Roethlisberger's 259 yard effort helped him become the first QB in franchise history to pass for over 4000 yards in a single season. With the game tied at 20 in the final quarter, he led the Steelers on the game-winning FG drive as they improved to 8â€“7.[53]

Roethlisberger finished the season with 4,328 yards and 26 touchdown passes. He was 9-6 as a starter and his 100.5 passer rating was the second time in his career he had a season with a rating over 100. He was sacked 50 times in 2009. Despite the three game win streak to end the season, the Steelers did not make the playoffs after tie-breakers eliminated them. Roethlisberger was voted as team MVP by the Steelers for the first time in his career.[54] He was selected as the first alternate to the Pro Bowl, but declined the invitation to rest his right shoulder which was injured in the Miami game.[55]

In Week 6 against the Cleveland Browns, after being suspended for the first four games of the season under the NFL player conduct policy, Roethlisberger returned to the Steelers during their Week 5 bye week. In his first game of the season he completed 16 of 27 passes for 258 yards, 3 touchdowns and 1 interception.[56]

In Week 7 against the Miami Dolphins, with the Steelers trailing, 22â€“20, with 2:37 remaining in the game, Roethlisberger was at the center of controversy when he ran a QB draw and dove for the end zone, appearing to score a touchdown in the process. The play was ruled a touchdown on the field, but reviews showed Roethlisberger had fumbled short of the end zone. However, the review failed to provide conclusive evidence as to who recovered the ball after the fumble. By rule, possession was given to Pittsburgh, resulting in the game-winning field goal. Roethlisberger passed for 302 yards and 2 touchdowns in the game. "Just a bizarre kind of play. You hate to win it that way, but you'll take a win," Roethlisberger said.[57]

In Week 8 against the New Orleans Saints, Roethlisberger, playing in his 90th regular season game, reached the 20,000-yard passing mark, but failed to throw a touchdown pass as the Steelers lost on Halloween night in the Superdome.[58] Roethlisberger improved to 8–2 as a starter on Monday Night Football in Week 9 against the Cincinnati Bengals, and 63–27 over his first 90 regular season starts (tied with Jim McMahon for 3rd highest win percentage through first 90 starts).[59] Roethlisberger passed for a season-high 387 yards and 3 touchdowns in the Week 10, 39–26 loss, to the New England Patriots, but also had an interception returned for a score and was sacked five times as he tried to rally the Steelers from a 23–3 deficit in the second half on Sunday Night Football.[60]

In his first win over the Oakland Raiders in Week 11, Roethlisberger passed for 275 yards and 3 touchdowns, and rushed for a career-high 55 yards and a touchdown. Celebrating a second-quarter touchdown pass, Roethlisberger was punched in the face by Raiders' defensive lineman Richard Seymour, who was then ejected.[61] Roethlisberger was questionable to start the Week 13 Sunday night game against the Baltimore Ravens with a foot injury, but did start the game and suffered a broken nose on the first series after a hit to the face from Haloti Ngata. Trailing 10–6 in the fourth quarter, Roethlisberger threw a go-ahead touchdown pass to Isaac Redman with 2:51 remaining and the Steelers held on for the 13–10 win as he finished with 253 yards passing.[62]

In Week 17 against the Cleveland Browns, the Steelers clinched the AFC North and the #2 seed in the AFC playoffs. He finished the season with a 9â€“3 record in 12 starts, passing for 3,200 yards, 17 touchdowns and a career-low five interceptions.[63]

Late in the first quarter of the AFC Divisional Playoffs against the Baltimore Ravens, Roethlisberger was sacked and fumbled the ball, and after both teams thought the pass was incomplete, it was eventually picked up by Cory Redding for a Baltimore touchdown. The Steelers trailed, 21–7, in the third quarter before Roethlisberger completed touchdown passes to Heath Miller and Hines Ward to tie the game at 21. With just over two minutes left, the game was tied, 24–24, and the Steelers faced a 3rd & 19. Roethlisberger completed a deep pass to rookie wide receiver Antonio Brown for 58 yards and Rashard Mendenhall's rushing touchdown put the Steelers ahead for good, 31–24, with 1:33 left. It was Roethlisberger's third game-winning drive in a playoff game. He finished with 19 completions on 32 attempts for 226 yards and 2 touchdown passes.[64]

AFC Championship vs. New York Jets (W 24–19): Roethlisberger rushed for a touchdown in the first half as the Steelers built a 24–0 lead, before the Jets scored 19 unanswered points. With two minutes remaining in the game, Roethlsiberger faced a 3rd & 6. He scrambled right and completed a 14-yard pass to Antonio Brown to seal the victory for Pittsburgh, sending them to their third Super Bowl appearance in the last six seasons. Roethlisberger completed 10 of 19 passes for a season-low 133 yards and two interceptions in the game.[65]

Super Bowl XLV vs. Green Bay Packers (L 31–25): In his third Super Bowl start, Roethlisberger was hit as he attempted a pass to Mike Wallace in the first quarter, and it was intercepted for a touchdown by Nick Collins. The Steelers trailed, 21–3, in the second quarter before Roethlisberger completed a touchdown pass to Hines Ward to make it 21–10 at halftime. The Steelers closed to within 21–17 in the third quarter, but were unable to score on their next three drives. After falling behind, 28–17, in the fourth quarter, Roethlisberger threw a 25-yard touchdown pass to Mike Wallace, and then pitched the ball to Antwaan Randle El on a lateral for the two-point conversion to make it 28–25. Taking over at his own 13 with 1:59 left and down 31–25, Roethlisberger was unable to lead the game-winning drive against Green Bay this time after his pass fell incomplete to Wallace on 4th & 5 at his own 33-yard line, ensuring the first Super Bowl loss of his career. Roethlisberger finished the game 25/40 for 263 yards, 2 touchdowns and 2 interceptions. "I feel like I let the city of Pittsburgh down, the fans, my coaches and my teammates," Roethlisberger said, "and it's not a good feeling."[66]

In Week 1 against the Baltimore Ravens, Roethlisberger set career-worsts for turnovers (5) and largest margin of defeat (28) in his first loss against the Ravens since 2006.[67] In Week 2 against the Seattle Seahawks, he became the fourth quarterback to reach 70 wins in his first 100 starts, as he threw for 298 yards and did not turn the ball over. He took a shot to his right knee in the second quarter, but returned after missing two plays to finish the game.[68]

In a 23â€“20 Week 3 win against the Indianapolis Colts, Roethlisberger threw for a career-high 171 yards in the first quarter, turned the ball over three times in the second quarter, then led the Steelers to the 20th fourth quarter comeback of his career, passing Terry Bradshaw for the most in Steelers' history.[69] In Week 5 against the Tennessee Titans, Roethlisberger threw five touchdown passes for the second time in his career. He earned AFC Offensive Player of the Week honors for the seventh time in his career.[70] In Week 7 against the Arizona Cardinals, Roethlisberger set the franchise record for longest pass with a 95-yard touchdown pass to Mike Wallace. He finished with 361 yards and 3 touchdowns in his first regular season win over the Cardinals.[71] Roethlisberger beat the Tom Brady-led Patriots for the first time in seven years in Week 8, completing 36/50 passes for 365 yards and 2 touchdowns.[72] He was named AFC Offensive Player of the Week for the 8th time in his career.[73] In Week 12 against the Kansas City Chiefs, Roethlisberger's career-best streak of 18 consecutive games with 200+ yards passing came to an end as he finished with 193.[74] In Week 13 against the Cincinnati Bengals, Roethlisberger moved past Terry Bradshaw in the Steelers' record books; first for most times sacked, then for most pass completions in team history.[75]

In the second quarter of the Week 14 game against the Browns, Roethlisberger's leg was injured on a sack and he left the game. He would return for the second half and played the rest of the game, despite limping on his high-ankle sprain. He threw a game-clinching 79-yard touchdown pass to Antonio Brown late in the fourth quarter as the Steelers won 14â€“3). Roethlisberger finished with 280 yards passing on just 21 attempts for a career-high 13.33 YPA (min. 15 attempts). On the injury, Roethlisberger said, "It was one of the most painful things I ever felt. It felt like the middle of my leg was just, cracked... it felt like my foot was outside of my leg." [76] In Week 15 against the San Francisco 49ers, Roethlisberger started the game while suffering through a high-ankle sprain. During the game, it was clear that Roethlisberger was still showing signs of the injury due to him limping between plays. He finished the game without any touchdowns but had 330 yards passing while throwing 3 interceptions.[77]

Because of Roethlisberger's leg injury from Week 14, the team opted to sit him and start Charlie Batch in the Week 16 game against the St. Louis Rams, giving Roethlisberger more time to recover.[78]

In Week 17 against the Cleveland Browns, just three weeks after the Browns injured Roethlisberger in Pittsburgh, Roethlisberger once again took the field to face the same opponents in their home stadium. The Steelers opted to start Roethlisberger over Batch because of the possibility that Baltimore could drop its final game, and a win by the Steelers would take back the division title. Despite his injury, Mike Tomlin and the coaching staff believed Roethlisberger gave them their best chance at victory. Big Ben completed 23 of 40 passes for 221 yards with no touchdowns or interceptions. Baltimore went on to win their final game and secured the division title, leaving Steelers with the number 5 seed to face Denver in the Wild Card round of the playoffs.[79]

AFC Wild Card Round vs Denver Broncos (L 29-23 OT): Roethlisberger and the Steelers offense battled a tough Denver defense, trailing 20-6 at the half but tying it at 23-23 before the end of regulation. The game-tying touchdown came on a 2nd and 10 with 3:47 remaining in regulation, in which Big Ben made a vintage play eluding pass rushers before connecting with Jerricho Cotchery on a 31-yard pass. Despite the heroic efforts of Roethlisberger and company, Tim Tebow's magical season continued with his best single-game performance to date, capped off with an 80-yard completion to Demaryius Thomas to end overtime after one play. Roethlisberger completed 22 of 40 passes for 289 yards, with 1 touchdown and 1 interception to end the 2011 season.[80]

Roethlisberger threw for 3,265 yards and 26 touchdowns in thirteen games in 2012 as the Steelers finished the season with an 8-8 record. He missed three games due to injury, being replaced by Byron Leftwich, who went 0-1, and Charlie Batch, who went 1-1. It was the Steelers first season missing the playoffs since 2009 and their first with a non-winning record since 2006.[81]

Roethlisberger threw for 4,261 yards and 28 touchdowns in sixteen games in 2013 as the Steelers finished the season with an 8-8 record. They missed the playoffs when the San Diego Chargers defeated the Kansas City Chiefs 27â€“24 in overtime in Week 17. The Steelers missed back-to-back postseasons for the first time since 1999 and the first time under Mike Tomlin.

On October 26, 2014 against the Indianapolis Colts, Roethlisberger completed 40 of 49 passes for 522 yards and 6 touchdowns as the Steelers defeated the Indianapolis Colts 51âˆ’34.[82] With the win, Roethlisberger became just the fourth quarterback in NFL history to get 100 wins in his first 150 starts.[83] He also became the first NFL quarterback to pass for over 500 yards twice in a career.

In the Steelers Week 15 matchup against the Atlanta Falcons, Roethlisberger completed 27 of 35 passes for 360 yards in a 27-20 victory. The victory made Roethlisberger only the sixth quarterback in NFL history to have defeated at least 31 different teams, joining Tom Brady, Drew Brees, Kerry Collins, Brett Favre, and Peyton Manning; like Brady, Roethlisberger has only played with one team and thus hasn't played against the Steelers. The Steelers lost 41-38 in Roethlisberger's only other matchup against Atlanta in 2006, and he was suspended for the Steelers 15-9 overtime victory against the Falcons in 2010.[1]

During 2014, Roethlisberger passed for career highs in yards with 4,952, completion percentage with 67.1, completions with 408, and attempts with 608. Roethlisberger also matched his career high in passing touchdowns with 32, as well as posting a passer rating of 103.3, the second highest of his career. His 4,952 yards were tied for most on the season with Drew Brees, but Roethlisberger reached the mark with fewer completions.

The Steelers had a 11-5 record and finished first in the AFC North. They then lost in the Wild Card round of the playoffs against the Baltimore Ravens by a score of 30-17.[84]

On March 13, Roethlisberger signed a five-year contract extension with the Steelers.[85] Roethlisberger went 26 for 38 for 351 yards, one touchdown pass and one interception during a 28-21 loss against the Patriots to kick off the 2015 NFL season. However, Roethlisberger and the Steelers would bounce back to win their next two games against the San Francisco 49ers and the St. Louis Rams.

During the September 27 game against the St. Louis Rams, Roethlisberger suffered a sprained MCL and a bone bruise. Roethlisberger missed the Steelers' next four games, during which Michael Vick and Landry Jones combined to go 2-2.

Roethlisberger sustained another injury against the Oakland Raiders on November 8, 2015, suffering a left mid-foot sprain.[86] Due to this injury, he did not start the following week against the Cleveland Browns, although he was listed as active for the game. However, early in the first quarter, Landry Jones sprained his left ankle, resulting in Roethlisberger entering the game in relief for only the second time in his career. Roethlisberger threw for 379 yards and 3 touchdowns on the way to a Steelers win and an AFC Offensive Player of the Week award; his 379 passing yards were the most by a quarterback in relief since Don Strock threw for 403 yards in the Epic in Miami. On November 29, Roethlisberger threw for 456 yards against the Seattle Seahawks, but he also threw 2 interceptions, and the Seahawks took a 39-30 win.[87]

The Steelers clinched a playoff spot with a 10-6 record, fishing second in the AFC North behind the Cincinnati Bengals. They then defeated the Bengals by a score of 18-16 in the Wild Card round, but lost to the eventual Super Bowl champion Denver Broncos in the Divisional round by a score of 23-16. Roethlisberger was named to his fourth career Pro Bowl and was ranked 21st by his fellow players on the NFL Top 100 Players of 2016.[88]

Roethlisberger had back-to-back 300-yard passing performances against the Chiefs and Jets in weeks 4-5, and combined for 9 touchdowns in that span. However, the following week at Miami, Roethlisberger left the game after suffering a knee injury. He underwent surgery on October 17 and missed the following week against the New England Patriots. The Steelers made the playoffs, winning the AFC North with an 11-5 record. They defeated the Dolphins 30-12 in the Wild card round, and beat the Chiefs 18-16 in the divisional round. However, the Steelers lost to the Patriots in the AFC championship 36-17.[89]

Roethlisberger was named to his fifth career Pro Bowl on December 20, 2016,[90] and was ranked 22nd on the NFL Top 100 Players of 2017, just one spot below his ranking from the previous year.[91]

On October 8, 2017, against the Jacksonville Jaguars, Roethlisberger threw a career-high five interceptions as the Steelers lost by a score of 30â€“9.[92] On November 16 against the Tennessee Titans, he completed 30 of 45 passes for 299 yards and four touchdowns as the Steelers won 40-17. In that game, Roethlisburger recorded his 4,000th career completion on a 3-yard pass to tight end Jesse James.[93] On December 4, Roethlisberger became the 8th quarterback to reach 50,000 career passing yards in a game against the Cincinnati Bengals.[94] During Sunday Night Football against the Baltimore Ravens in Week 14, he completed 44 of 66 passes for 506 yards and 2 touchdowns in a 39-38 win, becoming the first player in NFL history with three career 500-yard passing games. With the win, the Steelers clinched a playoff berth for the AFC North pennant. He also set single-game career highs in both completions and attempts.[95] His 44 completions set an NFL record for the most completions in a non-overtime game and were the second most in NFL history behind Drew Bledsoe's 45 completions in 1994.[96] His performance in Week 14 earned him AFC Offensive Player of the Week.[97]

During Week 15 against the Patriots, Roethlisberger finished with 281 passing yards, 2 touchdowns, and an interception. In the closing seconds of the fourth quarter, two controversial moments occurred; Roethlisberger threw a potential game-winning touchdown to tight end Jesse James, but was overturned after James seemingly lost control when the ball touched the ground. Two plays later, Roethlisberger faked a spike to pass, which was intercepted by Duron Harmon, resulting in the Steelers losing 24â€“27, and allowing the Patriots to clinch the AFC East.[98]

On December 19, 2017, Roethlisberger was named to his sixth Pro Bowl along with his star receiver Antonio Brown and three of his starting offensive lineman among others.[99]

Roethlisberger set an NFL rookie record in 2004 with five comeback wins in the fourth quarter, and six game-winning drives in the fourth quarter/overtime (including one playoff game).[100][101] Roethlisberger has the most comeback wins (19) and game-winning drives (25) through the first seven seasons of a player's career.[102][103] He is the only quarterback in NFL history to reach 20 comeback wins before the age of 30.[104]

In his eleven seasons, Roethlisberger has many individual accomplishments that are record performances in Steelers history.[113][114]

On October 11, 2012, he passed Terry Bradshaw for most passing yards for a Steelers quarterback.

On December 8, 2013, he passed Terry Bradshaw for most passing touchdowns for a Steelers quarterback.

Roethlisberger started a foundation with the following mission statement: "The Ben Roethlisberger Foundation seeks to (a): provide support for police and fire departments throughout the United States with a particular emphasis on service dogs and (b): to enhance the quality of life for residents of Findlay, Ohio and Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania." [117]

In 2005, Roethlisberger donated one game check to aid the tsunami relief fund.[118] He has also donated over $100,000 to fund police dogs in Pittsburgh.[119] Roethlisberger participated in the 2009 US Open Challenge with Michael Jordan, Justin Timberlake, and essay winner Larry Giebelhausen in a quest to break 100 on the Bethpage Black course. He shot an 81, the low of the group.

In October 2014, Roethlisberger and his wife donated $1 million to his alma mater, Miami University, for an indoor sports center.[120]

Roethlisberger was born in Lima, Ohio,[121] the son of Ida Jane (née Foust) and Kenneth Todd "Ken" Roethlisberger. His father is a former pitcher and quarterback at Georgia Tech.[122][123] He is of part Swiss descent; his surname, Roethlisberger (Swiss-German spelling: Röthlisberger), is of Swiss origin, with roots in Geissbühl, a farming hamlet in the municipality of Lauperswil, Switzerland.[124][125] His younger sister, Carlee Roethlisberger, played women's basketball for the University of Oklahoma.[126]

On July 23, 2011, Roethlisberger married Ashley Harlan, a physician assistant from New Castle, Pennsylvania.[127] On June 9, 2012, Roethlisberger announced through his official Facebook page that he and Ashley were expecting their first child, a son, later in 2012.[128] Benjamin Todd Roethlisberger, Jr. was born on November 21, 2012.[129] The couple's first daughter, Baylee Marie Roethlisberger, was born on March 19, 2014[130] and their second son Bodie Hunter Roethlisberger was born on May 26, 2016.[131][132] Ben and Ashley decided to give Bodie the middle name of Hunter after Jim Kelly's son who died of Krabbe Disease at the age of 8.[133]

Roethlisberger is a spokesman for Swiss Roots, a campaign intended to help Americans of Swiss origin reconnect with their Swiss ancestral heritage.[134] In May 2006, Roethlisberger and his family traveled to Switzerland for a week.[134][135]

He has his own line of barbecue sauce, Big Ben's BBQ.[136]

In 2012, Roethlisberger returned to Miami University to complete his college degree, graduating with a Bachelor of Science in Education on May 6, 2012. Roethlisberger walked with the other graduates at the commencement ceremony, with his parents, grandmother, and wife Ashley in attendance.[137] He had planned on finishing his degree sooner, but the Steelers having deep playoff runs earlier in his career prevented him from registering for classes in time for the winter term, only being able to do it after the Steelers were eliminated in the Wild Card round against the Denver Broncos the previous season.[137] Roethlisberger became the second member of the Steelers in less than a year to return to college and complete his degree, with teammate Troy Polamalu doing the same thing the previous offseason during the 2011 NFL lockout.[138]

Roethlisberger was suspended for four games during the 2010 NFL season for violating the league's personal conduct policy.[139] The Steelers still ended up making it to the Super Bowl for the third time in Roethlisberger's career, but ultimately lost to the Green Bay Packers.

On Monday, June 12, 2006, at 11:17Â a.m. EDT (UTC-4), Roethlisberger was involved in a motorcycle accident near the intersection of 10th Street and Second Avenue near downtown Pittsburgh, in which he was not wearing his helmet. Roethlisberger did not have a valid Pennsylvania motorcycle license at the time of the accident, only a temporary permit that he had obtained after moving to Pittsburgh which had expired in March.[140]

Roethlisberger was traveling east on Second Avenue when a Chrysler New Yorker made a left turn in front of the motorcycle and onto the South Tenth Street Bridge[141] when the accident occurred. According to an eyewitness, Roethlisberger went over the handlebars of his bike, a 2005 Suzuki Hayabusa,[142] shattering the windshield of the car with his head. The eyewitness reports claimed Roethlisberger tried to get up but was bleeding from the head.[143] Reports from the scene and news media indicated that the accident was serious but "not life- or career-threatening," though Roethlisberger would later relate in interviews that paramedics on the scene stopped the bleeding in his throat just in time to save his life.[144]

After the accident, the shift commander for the Allegheny County emergency service described Roethlisberger as "alert and conscious."[144] He was transported to Mercy Hospital and was described as being in "serious but stable" condition in the operating room.

Police sources have indicated that Roethlisberger suffered fractures to the jaw and right sinus cavity, as well as a nine-inch laceration to the back of the head, the loss of two teeth, and several chipped teeth. His facial injuries were severe enough that witnesses on the scene did not immediately recognize him, even after he identified himself as "Ben."[145]

Upon arriving at Mercy Hospital, he went immediately into surgery, where he remained for more than seven hours. The broken bones in his face were repaired. The subsequent news conference with the hospital staff was brief but confirmed early reports that the most serious injuries were to the head and face. There was no neck, spinal, or brain damage found. After surgery, at approximately noon on June 13, 2006, Roethlisberger was upgraded to fair condition.[144][146]

The most serious injuries to Roethlisberger were a broken upper and lower jaw and a broken nose. Roethlisberger was expected to make a full recovery in time for the opening game of the season.

In the wake of Kellen Winslow II's crashing of his motorcycle in May 2005, Roethlisberger had been criticized by various NFL members and the media for not wearing a helmet while riding. Even Roethlisberger's coach, Bill Cowher, lectured him about motorcycle safety. Former Steeler Terry Bradshaw warned Roethlisberger personally when he visited the Steelers' training camp at Saint Vincent College in Latrobe, Pennsylvania, and on television, saying, "Ride it when you retire."[144] In a segment put together by ESPN following Winslow's accident, Roethlisberger had said he did not wear a helmet because it was not required by law, adding, "You're just more free when you're out there and there's no helmet on."[citation needed] Transcripts of the interview recall Roethlisberger telling Suzy Kolber that he only rides a Harley, or his chopper with friends, not a sport bike (like the one Winslow was on). He also claimed to have his license. Both statements have been proven false since the accident.

Roethlisberger was released from the hospital at 11:46 PM on June 14, 2006. The next day, he released a statement apologizing for concerning friends, family, all his fans, and the Steelers organization, and in which he also stated, "If I ever ride again, it certainly will be with a helmet."[147]

On June 19, the Pittsburgh police announced that Roethlisberger would be cited for failure to wear a helmet and failure to operate in his license class. Wearing a helmet is optional in Pennsylvania only for operators who currently possess and have had a motorcycle license for at least two years. The driver of the car was cited for failure to yield the right of way.[148]

Roethlisberger gave his first television interview after the accident on July 13, with ABC's Good Morning America. He said he was told by responding paramedics that he ruptured a major blood vessel in his mouth and was minutes away from dying. Despite the seriousness of the accident, his recovery went so well that he started the first three Steelers preseason games in 2006.[149]

On July 17, 2009, a civil suit was filed in Washoe County, Nevada District Court accusing Roethlisberger of sexually assaulting Andrea McNulty, 31, in June 2008 in his hotel room while he was in Lake Tahoe for a celebrity golf tournament.".[150] Roethlisberger is one of nine defendants listed in the docket report. McNulty could not obtain criminal charges to be filed against him due to lack of evidence, and thus no investigation was launched to obtain any possible physical evidence. Roethlisberger's attorney denied the claim.[151]

The Lake Tahoe suit sought at least $440,000 in damages from the quarterback and also sought $50,000 in damages from Harrah's Lake Tahoe officials, alleging that they went to great lengths to cover up the incident. According to McNulty, she was working as an executive casino host in July 2008 when she said Roethlisberger struck up a friendly conversation at her desk during the golf tournament. The next night she said Roethlisberger telephoned her to tell her that the television sound system in his room wasn't working and asked her to look at it. McNulty said she determined that the TV was functioning properly, but as she turned to leave, he stood in front of the door and blocked her, then grabbed her and started to kiss her.[152] According to the lawsuit, the woman obtained hospital treatment after the alleged attack.

On August 8, 2009, the Pittsburgh Post-Gazette published details of an affidavit filed as part of a motion by two of the other defendants named in the suit to relocate the case from Washoe County to Douglas County. In the affidavit, Angela Antonetti, McNulty's former co-worker, delivered a sworn statement that McNulty had bragged to her about having consensual sex with Roethlisberger. As part of the affidavit, Antonetti said she was "absolutely shocked" upon hearing of the case on the radio on July 21. Antonetti explained, "I knew that [her] lawsuit and false allegations would unfairly and unjustly hurt Mr. Roethlisberger".[153]

According to the affidavit, defendant Antonetti claimed that McNulty had revealed she was hoping she had gotten pregnant with a "little Roethlisberger". Antonetti also claimed that she had been asked to travel to Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania in August 2008 in an attempt to "run into" the quarterback. In response, Antonetti advised McNulty she "shouldn't try to chase Mr. Roethlisberger".[153]

In December 2011, the suit was ended when the parties agreed to a settlement. Details of the settlement were not made public.[154][155]

On March 5, 2010, it was revealed that police in Milledgeville, Georgia were investigating Roethlisberger for a sexual assault inside the women's restroom of the Capital City nightclub. The accuser, a then-20-year-old student at nearby Georgia College & State University, was seen at several establishments with Roethlisberger leading up to the incident, including posing for a photograph with him.[citation needed] Roethlisberger spoke with police the night of the incident and stated that he did have contact with the woman that was not "consummated" and afterward the accuser slipped and injured her head.

Roethlisberger hired lawyer Ed Garland, who had previously defended Baltimore Ravens linebacker Ray Lewis in his murder trial. Head coach Mike Tomlin stated at the time that he was "highly concerned" for the franchise and Roethlisberger.[156]

The accuser was treated at Oconee Regional Medical Center. An emergency-room doctor and two nurses examined her and noted in their report a "superficial laceration and bruising and slight bleeding in the genital area", but could not say if trauma or sexual assault was the cause. The remaining examination was "normal".[157] A rape kit was collected, but no semen was recovered, and the amount of male DNA found was insufficient to create a profile. The doctor's report also quoted the alleged victim telling them that, "A boy kind of raped me."[157]

In interviews with the police on the night of the incident, the woman alleged that Roethlisberger, after inviting her and her friends to the V.I.P. area of the nightclub, encouraged them to do numerous shots of alcohol before Anthony Barravecchio — an off-duty Coraopolis, Pennsylvania policeman, undercover DEA narcotics officer at Pittsburgh International Airport, and one of Roethlisberger's bodyguards[158][159] — stated he led her down a hallway to a stool and left. Witnesses, however, stated that Barravecchio "placed his hand" on the accuser's shoulder and applied "a little bit of pressure to guide her" into the restroom where she claims the assault took place, something Barravecchio's lawyer denies.[160][161]

After Barravecchio's purported departure, Roethlisberger allegedly approached, exposed himself, and despite the woman's protests, followed her into what turned out to be a bathroom when she tried to leave through the first door she saw. The woman claims Roethlisberger then raped her. It is further alleged that friends of the woman attempted to intervene out of worry, but the second of Roethlisberger's bodyguards, Edward Joyner—an off-duty Pennsylvania State Trooper—avoided eye contact and said he did not know what they were talking about. The policemen claimed to "have no memory" of meeting the woman.[162]

Milledgeville Police Sergeant Jerry Blash, who had posed for a photograph with Roethlisberger earlier in the evening, was the first officer to respond. At the scene, he made a comment about the accuser to Barravecchio: "

On April 12, 2010, district attorney Fred Bright held a press conference to announce that Roethlisberger would not be charged. Bright said "looking at all the evidence here, I cannot prove guilt beyond a reasonable doubt".[157] Furthermore, the accuser wrote to the D.A. through her lawyer expressing she no longer wanted to pursue criminal charges[163] because the level of media attention would make a criminal trial too "intrusive" of a personal experience. The letter stressed that she was not recanting her accusation.[164]

As a result of the unabridged details revealed in Bright's press conference, reaction was swift. Steelers president Art Rooney II was reported to be "furious".[165] The owner of Pittsburgh-based PLB Sports, which marketed "Big Ben's Beef Jerky", terminated the company's five-year sponsorship of Roethlisberger, the first such action in the company's 14-year history.[166][167] Jerry Blash finally resigned from the Milledgeville Police on April 15, 2010. Anthony Barravecchio was never disciplined in the incident, despite a local investigation where the Coraopolis Solicitor reviewed the 500-page Georgia Bureau of Investigation file on the matter.[161][168]

Roethlisberger was among the celebrities lampooned in the 14th-season premiere of the Comedy Central animated series South Park, appearing in a rehabilitation class for "sex addicts" along with David Letterman, Bill Clinton, and others. Titled "Sexual Healing", the episode aired shortly after the second accusation of sexual assault was made against Roethlisberger.[169]

On April 21, 2010, the NFL's Commissioner Roger Goodell announced that Roethlisberger would be suspended without pay for the first six games of the 2010 season due to a violation of the NFL's personal conduct policy. Roethlisberger was ordered to undergo a league-mandated "professional behavior evaluation" and "must adhere to any counseling or treatment that is recommended by the professional evaluators."[170] The suspension was subsequently reduced to four games.[171]

Roethlisberger is the namesake to multiple sandwiches, which are usually named using a pun on his last name's similarity to "hamburger". For instance, Pittsburgh restaurant chain Peppi's sells the "Roethlisburger", at a price of $7.00, in correlation with his jersey number "7", and also having ingredients that describes his playing style (scrambled eggs for'scrambler', beef and sausage for his size and strength).[172][173] A Findlay, Ohio, restaurant named Tony's and an Oxford, Ohio, restaurant named Brick Street also sell "Roethlisburger" sandwiches.[174]

He has appeared on the Late Show with David Letterman, after both of his Super Bowl victories.[175][176] At the 2006 Grammy Awards, one week after Pittsburgh won Super Bowl XL, Roethlisberger introduced Kelly Clarkson.[177] In 2009, he hosted WWE Raw. He, along with other Steelers players, made a cameo appearance as a member of the Gotham Rogues football team, in the 2012 film The Dark Knight Rises.[178]


where does the tv series broadchurch take place

Series one focused on the search for the boy's murderer by detectives Alec Hardy (played by David Tennant) and Ellie Miller (played by Olivia Colman). Chibnall was inspired by the Jurassic Coast of England to set his crime drama in a fictional, close-knit small town in Dorset. Much of the tone of the series was inspired by the music of Ólafur Arnalds, who also composed the soundtrack for the programme. Writing on spec, Chibnall persuaded ITV to green-light the series in the autumn of 2011. Auditions soon followed, although some actors were offered roles directly. Principal photography began in August 2012, with location shooting occurring primarily in towns and villages in Dorset, North Somerset, South Gloucestershire, and Bristol. The production went to great lengths to keep the identity of the murderer secret. Cast and crew were nominated for many awards for series one; they won several British Academy Television (BAFTA) Awards and a BAFTA Craft Award.

Broadchurch

Broadchurch is an English television crime drama broadcast on ITV. It was created and written by Chris Chibnall and produced by Kudos Film and Television, Shine America, and Imaginary Friends. The first series, which premiered on 4 March 2013, focused on the death of an 11-year-old boy and the impact of grief, mutual suspicion and media attention on the town. Filming for series two began in late May 2014 and concluded on 12 October 2014 and the series premiered on 5 January 2015. Series three was confirmed on 23 February 2015, immediately following the series two finale, and premiered on 27 February 2017.[2][3][4] Series creator Chris Chibnall has indicated that the third series will be the last.[5]

Series two was announced when the first series ended. The second series primarily focuses on two plot strands: the trial of the murderer and the reopening of the Sandbrook case. Tennant, Colman and most of the cast of series one returned for series two. New series two cast members include Marianne Jean-Baptiste, James D'Arcy, Eve Myles, Charlotte Rampling, Meera Syal, and Phoebe Waller-Bridge and location shooting again occurred primarily in North Somerset, Devon, Dorset, and Berkshire. When it comes to success it was a massive hit for broadcaster ITV, Series 3 received nearly 11 million views, making it ITV's most watched crime drama.

A U.S. remake in one season, Gracepoint, also created by Chris Chibnall and starring Tennant, aired in 2014 on Fox. A French adaptation titled Malaterra was produced by France 2 and aired in 2015.

Broadchurch creator and writer Chris Chibnall described the project as a labour of love.[6] He conceived Broadchurch about 2003 while working on his first series, Born and Bred.[7] The concept was for Broadchurch to explore how a child's murder affects a small, close-knit local community, and how the characters react to the media attention and the mutual suspicion that arises.[8]

The series' location was partly inspired by the Jurassic Coast in Dorset, where Chibnall lived.[9][10] Chibnall says that he initially did not have a location in mind for the series.[8] But work-related issues made setting the show in Dorset appealing. From 2006 to 2011, Chibnall had spent most of his time travelling about the UK and Ireland, working on Torchwood, Law & Order: UK, and Camelot. Setting the show in Dorset meant Chibnall would not have to spend time away from his home and family. Chibnall's decision to set the show on the Jurassic Coast also helped him generate more ideas for the show and tighten the writing.[8] For example, Dorset's most famous native son, poet and author Thomas Hardy, lent his last name to one of the main characters (DI Alec Hardy). Hardy's use of the term "Wessex" was used to name the fictional Wessex Police,[7][11] and character Jack Marshall reads the Hardy novel Jude the Obscure.[11]

The series' name also came from the Dorset setting. Chibnall invented the name "Broadchurch" based on two settlements in Dorset: "I thought a lot about the literary heritage of this county. In true Thomas Hardy style I came up with a compound location name of Broadchurch combining the West Dorset hamlets of Broadoak and Whitchurch."[8]

Chibnall wrote the script for Broadchurch on spec after his work on Camelot ended.[8][9] He began using whiteboards in May 2011[12] to create backgrounds for each character and craft the plot of the series[7][9]â€”which he envisioned as being a trilogy.[13][14] Series one was written to work both as the first of a trilogy and as a self-contained drama. He believed the first series should be self-contained in case the show did not do well in the ratings and a second series was not commissioned.[11][14] Chibnall was assisted in this process by his good friends, Sam Hoyle (a television script executive)[7][11] and television director James Strong.[9] The series was influenced by two American television shows, Twin Peaks (created by Mark Frost and David Lynch) and Murder One (created by Steven Bochco, Charles H. Eglee, and Channing Gibson).[10][15]

The story was nearly finished on the whiteboards when Chibnall began writing the script. After about two weeks, Chibnall had a draft of the first few episodes. But he had not yet settled on a killer.[16] About two weeks later, Chibnall woke one morning and realised the main suspect should be Joe Miller, DS Ellie Miller's husband.[16] By making Joe the main suspect, Chibnall focused the series more closely on Ellie, and improved the narrative structure of the series so that it became about two families (the Millers and the Latimers). He then redrafted the first script and re-plotted and re-outlined the series. However, Chibnall kept the script loose enough that he could choose another character as the murderer, in case his preferred solution leaked to the press during shooting.[16]

Only the first few episodes were written before filming began. Chibnall waited until casting was complete and he saw the actors perform their roles before writing subsequent scripts. These later scripts were shaped to take advantage of each performer's take on his/her role.[17]

In autumn 2011,[9] Chibnall pitched Broadchurch to Laura Mackie,[11] the Head of Drama at ITV, who proved very enthusiastic about the proposal. Just a few days after she finished reading the scripts, she suggested Chibnall contact Kudos Film and Television, a production company.[9] Mackie then brought the show to ITV Director of Television Peter Fincham.[7] Broadchurch was green-lit by Fincham almost immediately[8] for airing in early 2013.[9]

Although ITV made a sizeable financial investment in Broadchurch,[18] additional funds were needed because of the cost of the large ensemble cast. Additional funds were sought from international partners, who would then win distribution rights in their territories. Before principal photography began, ZDF (German public-service television broadcaster) and BBC America (the American cable and satellite television network jointly owned by the BBC and AMC Networks) both provided additional funding.[9]

Broadchurch was created and written by Chibnall, and produced by Kudos Film and Television in association with Shine America and Imaginary Friends.[8][9][19][a] Chibnall served as executive producer[9][20] along with Kudos' Jane Featherstone,[9] while Richard Stokes was producer.[9][21]

The role of Reverend Paul Coates was written with actor Arthur Darvill in mind and was the first role cast.[22][23] The role of DS Ellie Miller was second,[24] as actress Olivia Colman was Chibnall's first choice to play Miller,[25] and the role was offered to her without the need for an audition.[26] DI Alec Hardy was the third role cast,[24] and the part was offered to David Tennant without the need for an audition.[26]

All the remaining parts were cast through auditions, which took several weeks.[27] Although Chibnall had determined who the murderer was by the time casting began, those who auditioned for the programme were not told the killer's identity.[28] The roles of Mark Latimer (father of the murdered child) and Karen White (a reporter for a national newspaper who comes to Broadchurch to challenge DI Hardy) were cast after Colman, Darvill and Tennant.[29] The role of Beth Latimer was cast after Mark Latimer and Karen White.[27]

Matthew Gravelle was cast as Joe Miller, DS Miller's husband and the main suspect in the murder of Danny Latimer. Gravelle auditioned along with many other actors for the role, but Chibnall has said the casting team early on considered Gravelle their top choice for the role.[b][30][31] The producers knew this was a critical casting decision: whoever they hired to play Joe Miller would need to act with great power in the final episode, so they researched Gravelle's past acting roles and watched as many of his performances as they could find. Chibnall paid particularly close attention to the Welsh language television series Teulu, in which Gravelle had recently played a lead role.[16]

James Strong directed five episodes of series one of Broadchurch; Euros Lyn directed three.[32][33] Matt Gray was both director of photography and camera operator,[16] and said he approached Broadchurch as if it were a documentary film, rather than a television drama.[13] In Britain, very few scripted television programs are filmed in the order seen on the air; it is far more common to shoot out-of-order. Usually, scripts are broken down into their component scenes and shots first. Scenes using the same locations or sets are shot at the same time, to minimise the time and expense of moving cameras and equipment.[34] Broadchurch, however, was shot in order, to keep the identity of the murderer a secret until the end of the production.[35]

Most of Broadchurch series one was shot on location to heighten the reality and intimacy of the series, and because the Dorset coast was integral to setting the mood of the drama.[9][36] The first cast read-through occurred at Bloomsbury Central Baptist Church in London on 7 August 2012.[37] Principal photography began on interior sets at Vision Studios on 13 August 2012.[9][16] Location shooting began the first week of September.[9] Most location photography occurred in the town of Clevedon.[38] Some scenes were also shot in the towns of Bridport and West Bay, and in the surrounding district of west Dorset.[35] Three locations were used in the area around Yate, South Gloucestershire,[39] and two in Bristol.[38][40] Other filming locations included Shepton Mallet,[41] Portishead,[21][38][42] and Weston-super-Mare,[21][38][42] and the villages of Eype[42][43] and Flax Bourton.[40] The oft-seen cliff where Danny Latimer's body is found, and which features heavily in the visuals of Broadchurch, is Harbour Cliff and Harbour Cliff Beach in West Bay.[9] Many of the villages involved in the shooting of Broadchurch received a boost in tourism, especially in West Bay and Bridport.

Not all shooting was done on location. Some sets were built at Vision Studios near Bristol,[9] because equipment needs made it impractical to film on location.[21] Two shots required green screen shots to composite images together. These "green screen" shots were filmed at Waterloo Film Studios in London.[44]

Rehearsal on Broadchurch was kept to a minimum.[16][36] To heighten the raw and tension-filled tone of the show, actors were often prevented from seeing the space they were to perform in until shooting began.[36] Almost no improvisation of dialogue occurred on the set.[17] A heavy reliance was also placed on getting the first take right. Director James Strong believed the first take was more spontaneous and more natural than subsequent takes. Subsequently, most of what the viewer sees in Broadchurch series one are first takes.[16]

Principal photography on Broadchurch series one concluded on Tuesday, 4 December 2012.[45]

Chibnall was determined to ensure that the identity of the killer did not leak until the final episode aired. One reason for the secrecy was commercial: it encouraged viewers to keep watching. But Chibnall also believed it would enhance the acting, as actors could not in any way telegraph or signal their innocence or guilt.[9]

Several means were employed to maintain secrecy. All scripts contained a watermark that ensured they could not be photocopied, and copies of scripts used on the set were kept in a safe.[46] Only Chibnall and four other individuals knew at the start of production who the killer was.[46] All cast and crew were required to sign documents in which they agreed not to reveal the killer's identity.[30]

In part, secrecy was maintained by the way scripts were written. Performers were given the first two scripts at the start of principal photography, but additional scripts were written only after Chibnall had observed the actors bringing their characters to life.[17] Once the scripts for episodes six, seven, and eight were finished, they were released all at once over a single weekend[16][17][30]â€”but only to those crew and cast who had a need to know.[46] Even after the final three scripts were distributed, just 29 people knew the killer's identity while the final episodes were filmed.[33] This included the four cast members critical to the "reveal".[47] Actor Oskar McNamara, who played Danny Latimer, was informed about the killer's identity several days in advance, in part so that he could prepare and in part so the scene could be choreographed and rehearsed.[16] Chibnall informed the remaining three key actors about the murderer's identity during late-night phone calls just hours before they were due on the set to receive their scripts.[46] These three episodes were then shot together.[16]

Broadchurch creator Chris Chibnall had long been a fan of Icelandic composer and musician Ólafur Arnalds,[c] and owned all of his albums. While writing Broadchurch, Chibnall listened constantly to Ólafur's music. He later told Ólafur that the "entire feel of the show was inspired by" his music.[48]

Ólafur agreed to join the production in December 2012.[49] To compose the music for the first series of Broadchurch, Ólafur read the show's scripts to put himself in the right mood. He also researched sounds which might be heard in the Dorset area. He then improvised at the piano and composed several themes, some for the series as a whole and some for characters. Ólafur also composed certain sounds using synthesisers and electronic sound generators to go with certain spaces, such as the cliffs. Once he saw the completed footage for the first episode, he rearranged some themes to fit the imagery, and composed some new themes as well. Because there was so little time between his being hired and the air date, Ólafur composed very quickly and spent very long days at work. He had just four months to generate about 30 minutes of sound and music for each episode, spending one-and-a-half to two weeks on the music for each episode.[48] Despite the time crunch, Ólafur credited Chibnall's relaxed attitude as the key to the music's success.[50]

The music for Broadchurch deliberately avoided a typical orchestral score, which Ólafur felt sounded too large and perfect. The score was written for a string quartet and piano, accompanied by electronic sound.[48] Recording, which took just five days,[48] was done in an empty church in Reykjavik.[20] The musical soundtrack to Broadchurch series one includes four pieces: "So Close" (the only one to have lyrics), "Suspects", "Arcade", and "Broken".[20] "So Close" plays at the end of each episode. Ólafur collaborated with the singer Arnór Dan of the Icelandic band Agent Fresco, with whom he had worked on his third studio album, For Now I Am Winter, released in February 2013. Arnór wrote the vocal melody, while Ólafur wrote the rest of the song. Chibnall contributed the lyrics.[48] According to Chibnall, the song holds clues to the killer's identity.[20]

The Broadchurch (Music From the Original Soundtrack) extended play album was released on 15 April 2013 by Mercury Classics, a division of Decca Records.[51] A second edition that includes songs from the first two series (excluding "Broken" from the first edition) was released in January 2015.[52][53] An album for the third series, titled Broadchurch - The Final Chapter (Music from the Original TV Series) was released on 1 April 2017.[54] Some of Ã“lafur's work for Broadchurch appears in the trailer for the Fantastic Four movie reboot.[55]

The first series of Broadchurch premiered on 4 March 2013 at 9:00Â p.m. on ITV.

Series one of Broadchurch won near-universal acclaim.[56][57] Radio Times named it the best television series of 2013,[6] and Entertainment Weekly called it "a bona fide national obsession" in the UK.[15]

The first episode of Broadchurch series one was seen by an average of 9.1 million viewers (31 percent audience share).[33] This included 6.15 million live viewers (25.2 percent audience share), with another 716,000 viewers (4.4 percent) on time-delayed viewing via digital video recorder, timeshifted channels (+1), and similar media and technologies.[58] This was the best premiere episode of a weekday new drama series in the United Kingdom since ITV's Whitechapel debuted in January 2009. Only two other dramas, Life Begins (2004) and Doc Martin (2004), debuted with higher numbers since 2002.[33] Broadchurch attracted an average weekly audience of 7.1 million "live" viewers during its run. After accounting for time-delayed viewing, Broadchurch averaged 9.2 million viewers per episode. This made it ITV's highest-rated weekday drama series since 2004.[33] An average of 8.4 million viewers (33 percent audience share) watched the final episode of Broadchurch. About 8.8 million viewers tuned in at the start of the show, and a peak of 9.3 million viewers saw the murderer revealed. But only 7.9 million viewers remained with the episode after the reveal.[33]

Broadchurch series one was not a rating success in all countries, however. When it aired on BBC America in the United States, ratings were negligible. American consumption of the series on iTunes, Amazon.com, and other streaming video sites was also small.[32]

Broadchurch series one was nominated for seven BAFTA awards. Olivia Colman won Best Actress, David Bradley won Best Supporting Actor, and the show was named Best Drama Series.[59] The show competed for the BAFTA Audience Award, but lost to "The Day of the Doctor" (Doctor Who), which Tennant also starred in.[59] At the BAFTA Craft Awards, Ã“lafur Arnalds won Best Original Television Music, while James Strong was nominated for Best Director-Fiction for "Episode One", Mike Jones was nominated for Best Editing-Fiction for "Episode Eight", Catrin Meredydd as nominated for Best Production Design, and Chris Chibnall was nominated for Best Writer-Drama.[60]

Broadchurch series one was also nominated for and won many additional awards, including honours at the Freesat Awards,[61] TV Choice Awards,[62] National TV Awards,[63] Broadcast Awards,[64] Broadcasting Press Guild Television and Radio Awards[65] and the Royal Television Society Awards.[66] It also won a Peabody Award for its distinguished and meritorious contributions to excellence in quality television.[67]

The first series of Broadchurch was released on DVD and Blu-ray in the United Kingdom by Acorn Media UK on 20 May 2013.[68] The series was released on DVD in the United States on 1 April 2014 by Entertainment One.[69]

After the first series ended, ITV announced that Broadchurch would return for a second series.[70] The show's creator, Chris Chibnall, told The Daily Mirror in the summer of 2013 that "the focus of the next series will be on how the shattered community rebuilds itself after the grisly events" of series one.[71] Series one actor Will Mellor, who does not appear in series two,[72] strongly implied in an interview that a new murder would not be the focus of the second series,[71] while David Tennant told the Associated Press that the series would go in a "very unexpected direction" which he called "as gripping as the first season."[73] Chibnall said he mapped out the show's plot and characters on several whiteboards in his office. "You have to be very methodical," he said about plotting Broadchurch. "It's like a mathematical puzzle where you put all these blocks together and move them around for the most satisfying thing."[74] Chibnall ended series two with what he described as "the cheekiest cliffhanger yet â€“ a real shocker."[75]

David Tennant, Olivia Colman,[76] Andrew Buchan, Arthur Darvill, Jodie Whittaker, Charlotte Beaumont, Joe Sims,[77] Carolyn Pickles, Jonathan Bailey,[78] Pauline Quirke,[79] Tanya Franks, Simone McAullay and Adam Wilson are returning cast members.[80] Neither Tennant nor Colman was contractually obliged to return. Without them, Chibnall said, "We would not have done it, absolutely. Luckily they wanted to come back because they weren't contracted to."[81] New series two cast members include Marianne Jean-Baptiste, James D'Arcy, Eve Myles, Charlotte Rampling, Meera Syal and Phoebe Waller-Bridge.[82][83] Rampling plays Broadchurch resident Jocelyn Knight. It was near her home that Danny Latimer argued with the postman a week before his death.[84] Myles plays Claire Ripley, Jean-Baptiste's character is Sharon Bishop and Waller-Bridge plays Abby Thompson.[85]

Before broadcast, the plot of series two was closely guarded. Cast members were sworn to secrecy about the details[74][86] and required to sign non-disclosure agreements.[75][87] Actor Andrew Buchan said cast members were told little about the plot, except on a need-to-know basis as they prepared for their performances in each episode.[88] Actor Joe Sims said that actors only receive two scripts at a time to ensure that they did not know where the plot was headed.[89] Several different endings for series two were filmed, and Chibnall said that even cast members would remain in the dark about the programme's outcome until the final episode aired.[75]

In August 2014, Erin Kelly, author of a book adaptation of Broadchurch, said that writer Chris Chibnall inserted a one-line clue about Series 2 into her book three days before the book was due to begin printing. Kelly said the clue comes early in the novel. Although it does not spoil the plot, she said, it does provide a hint about it.[74][90] The clue involved the argument the postman had with Danny Latimer. Jack Marshall identifies the location as being near Jocelyn Knight's home. On 19 December 2014, ITV revealed that Charlotte Rampling's character is named Jocelyn Knight.[84]

The second series filmed under the code name "Tea and Sympathy"[78] in Devon, Dorset, North Somerset,[88] and the town of Reading in Berkshire.[76] A car park next to the West Bay Hotel in Bridport served as the production's base camp.[91] Each episode took 12-and-a-half days to film.[89] Filming began in late May 2014.[92] Shooting has taken place outside the George Hotel in Bridport,[93] at a Munchees cafÃ© in Reading,[94] and at the Riverside Restaurant, Wynn's funfair,[91] the seafront, and The Lazy Lizard nightclub in the town of Weymouth.[86] A few scenes were shot on a beach between Freshwater Beach and East Beach in West Bay.[95] St Andrew's Church in Clevedon has been used to depict the Broadchurch parish church and graveyard. Other Clevedon filming locations include Marshall's Field and Hill Road, and the house used to represent the Latimer family home in Lavington Close.[89] The Forum building on the campus of the University of Exeter was used to represent the Wessex police station,[96] while another campus structure served as a local courtroom.[86][97] Some filming occurred in Bracknell Forest, in particular the Jennett's Park suburb and the John Nike Leisuresport Complex in Bracknell. The shopping district in Bracknell was decorated to mimic the Christmas holidays for filming.[98] The production team was strongly criticised by the West Bay coastguards in June 2014 for filming too close to the edge of East Cliff at West Bay, Dorset. Severe weather and recent rock-slides left the cliffs unstable, and a coastguard volunteer said the production team should have used stakes, safety lines, harnesses, and helmets. A spokesperson for the Broadchurch production defended the film crew, noting that the production team had received all necessary filming permits, had visited the site numerous times to ensure safety, and taken other reasonable health and safety precautions.[99]

James Strong, who directed five of the eight episodes in series one, directed the first two episodes of series two.[100] Jane Featherstone and Chris Chibnall continued as executive producers,[92] with Chibnall acting as lead writer again.[101]

Filming for series two of Broadchurch concluded the night of 12 October 2014.[78][81] Final scenes were shot at the village of Eype in Dorset.[78]

On 9 November 2014, two 20-second teaser trailers began airing on ITV, each titled "The End Is Where It Begins".[102] On 16 November 2014, a third 20-second teaser trailer aired on ITV, in two versions, voiced by characters Alec Hardy and Ellie Miller, respectively. These were also titled "The End Is Where It Begins".[103] A fourth, series two trailer was released on 11 December.[104]

The first episode aired on 5 January 2015, on ITV in the UK and TV3 in Ireland.[103][105] The Canadian TV channel Showcase and TV One in New Zealand both debuted series two on 11 January 2015.[105][106] and ABC first showed it on 15 February 2015 while BBC America aired the second series in the United States beginning on 4 March 2015.[107][d][108]

The premiere episode of series two drew an average of 7.3 million viewers.[109] for a 30.1 percent share on 5 January 2015.[110] An average of 300,000 viewers watched it on ITV+1 an hour later. The episode opened with 6.8 million viewers at 9 pm, and ended with 8.7 million viewers (with a peak viewership of 8.9 million). Broadchurch was the second-most-watched programme of the evening, with the most-watched being Coronation Street (which had a peak audience of 8.3 million).[109] The series two premiere drew 800,000 (28.1 percent) more viewers than the series one premiere, and was 22.6 percent higher than average ITV viewership (5.2 million) in the same time-slot over the past 12 months.[111] The consolidated rating made this episode the highest rated drama episode on ITV in 2015.

But ratings dropped significantly afterward. Viewership for the second episode fell to just 6.11 million viewers (a 22.4 percent share) after accounting for ITV+1 viewership.[112] That was the lowest overnight viewership rating for the series since episode five of series one. It was still good enough to win its timeslot, however.[113] Overnight ratings dropped again for the third episode to just 5.2 million viewers, the lowest for any episode of the series.[114][115] Overnight viewership dropped again for episode four, reaching a low of 5.6 million viewers. However, the series still won its timeslot, beating Silent Witness.[116]

On 1 December 2014, a number of media outlets reported that ITV had commissioned a third series of Broadchurch. The Sun first reported the news, claiming Chibnall was rushing to finish a script so that filming could begin in Dorset in July 2015.[117][118] Later that day, ITV denied that a third series had yet been commissioned.[119]

ITV confirmed that Broadchurch, as well as Tennant and Colman, would return for a third series immediately after the series two finale on 23 February 2015, repeating the use of "Broadchurch will return" after the closing credits.[120]

In February 2016, Olivia Colman gave an interview on This Morning where she stated that the final series would be shot in May 2016, and said that she did not yet know anything about the plot.[121]

On 12 April 2016, ITV officially announced the casting for the third and final series, with Jodie Whittaker, Andrew Buchan, Arthur Darvill, Carolyn Pickles and Adam Wilson returning. Filming for the third series began in May 2016 and broadcast started on 27 February 2017.[122] Miller and Hardy investigate a serious sexual assault. Creator Chris Chibnall said, “We have one last story to tell, featuring both familiar faces and new characters. I hope it’s a compelling and emotional farewell to a world and show that means so much to me.”[123]

Broadchurch won the award for best Crime Drama at National Television Awards in early 2018.[124] This was the first year the award was presented and Broadchurch was competing against Sherlock, Line of Duty and Little Boy Blue.[124]

In early 2014, the Fox Broadcasting Company in the United States announced it had licensed the rights to Broadchurch and would produce a U.S. version of the series, to be named Gracepoint. The Fox series also starred David Tennant, was created and written by Chris Chibnall and directed by James Strong.[125] Fox specifically said Gracepoint would have a different ending from Broadchurch. Gracepoint began airing on 2 October 2014.[126] Following very low ratings, Gracepoint was not recommissioned for a second season.[127]

The French channel France 2, on which Broadchurch aired in February 2014, also announced an adaptation. The French series, produced in association with Shine France, was titled Malaterra[128] and was directed by Jean-Xavier de Lestrade.


what is another name for the vietnam war

Various names have been applied what is known as the Vietnam War. These have shifted over time, although Vietnam War is the most commonly used title in English. It has been variously called the Second Indochina War, the Vietnam Conflict,the Vietnam War, and Nam. In Vietnam it is commonly known as Kháng chiến chống Mỹ (Resistance War against America).

Terminology of the Vietnam War

The name "Second Indochina War" places the conflict into context with other distinct, but related, and contiguous conflicts in Southeast Asia. Vietnam, Laos, and Cambodia are seen as the battlegrounds of a larger Indochinese conflict that began at the end of World War II and lasted until communist victory in 1975. This conflict can be viewed in terms of the demise of colonialism and its after-effects during the Cold War.

The term "Vietnam Conflict" is largely a U.S. designation, it acknowledges that the United States Congress never declared war on North Vietnam. Legally, the President used his constitutional discretion—supplemented by supportive resolutions in Congress—to conduct what was said to be a “police action”.[citation needed]

"Vietnam War" is the most commonly used designation in English. Most Vietnamese who interact with foreigners are familiar with the term Vietnam War. The Vietnam War translates directly as Chiến tranh Việt Nam in Vietnamese.

For people in Vietnam the common phrase is Kháng chiến chống Mỹ (Resistance War against America).[1]

"Resistance War against the American Empire to Save the Nation" is the more formal term used by the Vietnam government; it is more of a saying than a name, and its meaning is self-evident.


when was calibri font made available for use

Calibri (/kəˈliːbri/) is a sans-serif typeface family designed by Luc(as) de Groot in 2002–2004 and released to the general public in 2007, with Microsoft Office 2007 and Windows Vista.[2][3] In Office 2007, it replaced Times New Roman as the default typeface in Word[4] and replaced Arial as the default in PowerPoint, Excel, Outlook, and WordPad. Creator de Groot described its subtly rounded design as having "a warm and soft character".[3]

Calibri

Calibri is part of the ClearType Font Collection, a suite of fonts from various designers released with Windows Vista.[5] All start with the letter C to reflect that they were designed to work well with Microsoft's ClearType text rendering system, a text rendering engine designed to make text clearer to read on LCD monitors.[6] The other fonts in the same group are Cambria, Candara, Consolas, Constantia and Corbel.[3][7]

Calibri features subtly rounded stems and corners that are visible at larger sizes.[7] Its sloped form is a "true italic" with handwriting influences, which are common in modern sans-serif typefaces.[8]

The typeface includes characters from Latin, Latin extended, Greek and Cyrillic scripts. Calibri makes extensive use of sophisticated OpenType formatting; it features a range of ligatures as well as lining and text figures, indices (numbers enclosed by circles) up to 20, and an alternate f and g accessible by enabling the fourth and fifth stylistic sets.[9] Some features in Calibri remain unsupported by Office, including true small caps, all-caps spacing, superscript and subscript glyphs and the ability to create arbitrary fractions; these may be accessed using programs such as InDesign.

One potential source of confusion in Calibri is a visible homoglyph, a pair of easily confused characters: the lowercase letter L and the uppercase letter i (l and I) of the Latin script are effectively indistinguishable; this is true of many other common fonts, however.

The design has clear similarities to de Groot's famous and much more extensive commercial family TheSans, although this has straight ends rather than rounding.[10]

As of 2017 a Hebrew version is in development.[11] De Groot has also said in 2016 that he would like if possible to add Bulgarian Cyrillic variant letterforms at a later date.[12]

Because of the long development of Windows Vista, Calibri's development – from 2002 to 2004 – occurred several years before the release of that OS.[1][3] It was first presented in a 2004 beta of Windows Vista, then codenamed Longhorn,[2] and first became available for use with the Beta 2 version of Office 2007, released on May 23, 2006.[13] Calibri and the rest of the ClearType Font Collection were finally released to the general public on January 30, 2007, since when it has been released with most Microsoft software environments.[2]

Calibri is also distributed with Microsoft Excel Viewer, Microsoft PowerPoint Viewer,[14][15] the Microsoft Office Compatibility Pack[16] for Microsoft Windows and the Open XML File Format Converter for Mac.[17] For use in other operating systems, such as cross-platform web use, Calibri is licensed by Ascender Corporation and its parent company Monotype Imaging.[18]

The font Calibri Light was introduced in Microsoft Windows 8 and added to Windows 7 and Server 2008 as part of a software update.[19] From Microsoft Word 2013 onwards, Calibri and Calibri Light are the default fonts for body text and headings respectively.[19] Calibri Light is also a default font for headings in Powerpoint.[19]

In 2013, due to Calibri's widespread use in Microsoft Office documents, Google released a freely-licensed font called Carlito, which is metric-compatible to Calibri, as part of ChromeOS.[20] Because Carlito has the same font metrics as Calibri, ChromeOS users can correctly display and print a document designed in Calibri without disrupting layout.

Calibri won the TDC2 2005 award from the Type Directors Club under the Type System category.[21]

Because of Calibri's position as the default font in Office, many cases have been reported in which documents were shown to be forged thanks to a purported creation date before Calibri was available to the general public.[2][22] In 2017, the font came to public attention as evidence in the Pakistani government-related "Panama Papers" case (also known as #Fontgate),[23] in which a document supposedly signed in February 2006 was found to be typed up in Calibri.[24][25][26][27] De Groot said that there was "really zero chance" that the document was genuine.[11]