who created the artwork for the cover of the paul weller album 'stanley road'

The album's cover collage was created by the artist Peter Blake, designer of The Beatles' Sgt Pepper's album artwork (album package design for Weller was supervised by his long-term associate Simon Halfon).

Stanley Road

7 June 1995

Go! Discs

Stanley Road is the third solo album by Paul Weller, released by Go! Discs in 1995. In 1998 Q magazine readers voted it the 46th greatest album of all time. The album took its name from the street in Woking where Weller grew up.[10] Weller claimed on a BBC special that he hopes he can one day create an album as perfect as this one, stating that all the stars were aligned during the writing and recording period of Stanley Road.[citation needed] The song "I Walk On Gilded Splinters" was featured in the season ending montage of The Wire's fourth season finale, Final Grades. In 2005, a three-disc 10th anniversary Deluxe Edition of the album was released. The expanded edition included demos, live and BBC session recordings and a DVD documentary directed by Simon Halfon which featured interviews, behind-the-scenes footage and music videos.

The album has several notable contributors such as Noel Gallagher of Oasis, who appears playing acoustic guitar on "I Walk on Gilded Splinters", Steve Winwood (formerly of The Spencer Davis Group and Traffic) performs on the songs "Woodcutter's Son" and "Pink on White Walls," whilst Weller is also joined by long-time collaborators Steve Cradock (co-founder of Ocean Colour Scene) and Steve White (The Style Council). The album was co produced by Brendan Lynch who had also worked on Weller's previous two solo albums, Paul Weller and Wild Wood.

All songs written by Paul Weller, except where noted.


the school of gymnastics is called in athens as

In Athens there were three great public gymnasia: the Academy, the Lyceum and the Cynosarges,[8][9] each of which was dedicated to a deity whose statue adorned the structure. Each of the three was rendered famous by association with a celebrated school of philosophy.[10] Antisthenes founded a school at the Cynosarges, from which some say the name Cynic derives;[11] Plato founded a school that gathered at the Academy, after which the school was named, making the gymnasium famous for hundreds of years;[12] and at the Lyceum,[13] Aristotle founded the Peripatetic school.

Gymnasium (ancient Greece)

The gymnasium (Greek: gymnasion) in Ancient Greece functioned as a training facility for competitors in public games. It was also a place for socializing and engaging in intellectual pursuits. The name comes from the Ancient Greek term gymnós meaning "naked".

Athletes competed nude, a practice which was said to encourage aesthetic appreciation of the male body, and to be a tribute to the gods. Gymnasia and palestrae (wrestling schools) were under the protection and patronage of Heracles, Hermes and, in Athens, Theseus.[1]

The word gymnasium is the latinisation of the Greek noun γυμνάσιον (gymnasion), "gymnastic school", in pl. "bodily exercises" and generally "school"[2] which in turn is derived from the common Greek adjective γυμνός (gymnos) meaning "naked",[3] by way of the related verb γυμνάζω (gymnazo), whose meaning is "to train naked", "train in gymnastic exercise", generally "to train, to exercise".[4] The verb had this meaning because one undressed for exercise. Historically, the gymnasium was used for exercise, communal bathing, and scholarly and philosophical pursuits. The English noun gymnast, first recorded in 1594,[5] is formed from the Greek γυμναστής (gymnastēs),[6] but in Greek this word means "trainer" not "gymnast". The palaistra was the part of the gymnasium devoted to wrestling, boxing and ball games.

The gymnasium was formed as a public institution where young men over 18 received training in physical exercises.[7] The supervision of the gymnasiums was entrusted to gymnasiarchs, who were public officials responsible for the conduct of sports and games at public festivals and who directed the schools and supervised the competitors. The gymnastai were the teachers, coaches, and trainers of the athletes. The Greek gymnasiums also held lectures and discussions on philosophy, literature, and music, and public libraries were nearby.

The athletic contests for which the gymnasium supplied the means of training and competition formed part of the social and spiritual life of the Greeks from very early on. The contests took place in honour of heroes and gods, sometimes forming part of a periodic festival or the funeral rites of a deceased chief. The free and active Greek lifestyle (spent to a great extent in the open air) reinforced the attachment to such sports and after a period of time the contests became a prominent element in Greek culture. The victor in religious athletic contests, though he gained no material prize other than a wreath, was rewarded with the honour and respect of his fellow citizens. Training of competitors for the greater contests was a huge matter of public concern and special buildings were provided by the state for such use, with management entrusted to public officials. A victory in the great religious festivals was counted an honour for the whole state.

The regulation of the Athenian gymnasium is attributed by Pausanias (i. 39. 3) to Theseus. Solon made several laws on the subject; according to Galen these were reduced to a workable system of management in the time of Cleisthenes (late 6th century and early 5th century BC). While the origins of physical exercise regimes cannot be pinpointed, the practice of exercising in the nude had its beginnings in the 7th century BC. The same purpose is frequently attributed to the tradition of oiling the body, a custom so costly that it required significant public and private subsidies (the practice was the largest expense in gymnasia).

The ancient Greek gymnasium soon became a place for more than exercise. This development arose through recognition by the Greeks of the strong relation between athletics, education and health. Accordingly, the gymnasium became connected with education on the one hand and medicine on the other. Physical training and maintenance of health and strength were the chief parts of children's earlier education. Except for time devoted to letters and music, the education of young men was solely conducted in the gymnasium, where provisions were made not only for physical pedagogy but for instruction in morals and ethics.[citation needed] As pupils grew older, informal conversation and other forms of social activity took the place of institutional, systematic discipline. Since the gymnasia were favorite resorts of youth, they were frequented by teachers, especially philosophers.[8] Philosophers and sophists frequently assembled to hold talks and lectures in the gymnasia; thus the institution became a resort for those interested in less structured intellectual pursuits in addition to those using the place for training in physical exercises.

Plato considered gymnastics to be an important part of education (see Republic iii. and parts of Laws) and according to him it was the sophist Prodicus who first pointed out the connection between gymnastics and health. Having found gymnastic exercises beneficial to his own weak constitution, Prodicus formulated a method that became generally accepted and was subsequently improved by Hippocrates. Galen also put great stress on the proper and frequent use of gymnastics. Throughout other ancient Greek medical writings special exercises are prescribed as cures for specific diseases, showing the extent to which the Greeks considered health and fitness connected. The same connection is commonly suggested by experts today.[14]

In Athens ten gymnasiarchs were appointed annually, one from each tribe. These officials rotated through a series of jobs, each with unique duties. They were responsible for looking after and compensating persons training for public contests, conducting the games at the great Athenian festivals, exercising general supervision over competitor morale, and decorating and maintaining the gymnasium. Beneath them in the organisational structure were ten sophronistae responsible for observing the conduct of the youths and (especially) for attending all their games.

Paedotribae and gymnastae were responsible for teaching the methods involved in the various exercises, as well as choosing suitable athletics for the youths. The gymnastae were also responsible for monitoring the constitution of the pupils and prescribing remedies for them if they became unwell. The aleiptae oiled and dusted the bodies of the youths, acted as surgeons, and administered any drugs prescribed. According to Galen, there also existed a teacher specifically devoted to instruction in ball games.

Gymnasia were typically large structures containing spaces for each type of exercise as well as a stadium, palaistra, baths, outer porticos for practice in bad weather, and covered porticos where philosophers and other "men of letters" gave public lectures and held disputations. Most Athenian gymnasia were located in suburban areas due to the large amount of level space required for construction. Additionally, these areas tended to be cooler and closer to a good water supply than similar areas in central Athens. [15]


when do miranda and steve get back together

In season four Steve opens his own bar, called Scout (after his dog), with Aidan Shaw as a silent partner. He is also diagnosed with testicular cancer. Miranda finds out about it, through Aidan, and she takes charge and urges Steve to take the cancer seriously. She takes him to a doctor who is an expert. Initially Steve is uncomfortable with Miranda's involvement; however, he realizes that Miranda is right and changes doctors. He undergoes an operation to remove one testicle, which is all of the treatment he needs. However, he feels like less of a man with only one ball, and opts to get a faux testicle made of silicone. Miranda is against the idea, but Steve says nobody will sleep with him if he only has one ball. Miranda says she will, and the then platonic exes have sex. This encounter results in an accidental pregnancy (despite his losing a testicle and Miranda having only one functioning ovary). Steve proposes to Miranda because he feels that's what she wants. However, she laughs it off, saying it's a bad idea and they shouldn't get married, and surely that's not what he wants, either. Steve then tells Miranda that he agrees, but they decide to raise the child (Brady Hobbes) together. They see each other a great deal after the child is born, and Miranda concludes she loves Steve. Finally she picks up the courage to tell him, and he reciprocates. They get back together and marry in season six. Miranda hates weddings, but they agree on a small intimate wedding ceremony with Carrie, Charlotte and Samantha present, and a few close relatives and friends. At the end of season six, Steve convinces Miranda to move to a house in Brooklyn. In the final episode of the series, Steve and Miranda invite Steve's aging mother Mary (Anne Meara) to stay with them, after they learn that she's suffered a stroke, and is experiencing cognitive decline.

Steve Brady

Steven "Steve" Brady is a recurring fictional character on HBO series, Sex and The City, played by David Eigenberg.

Introduced in the second season, Steve is a bartender who has an unconventional on-again, off-again relationship with Miranda Hobbes throughout the remainder of the series.

Miranda meets Steve when she spends a long time at a bar waiting for Carrie, who ultimately stands her up. Steve is the bartender and flirts with herâ€”the two go to Miranda's place and have sex. She sees the encounter as a one-night stand, but Steve is smitten. Miranda reacts callously to Steve's suggestion that they see each other in the future, with Miranda insisting that no man can be faithful and dependable. Finally Steve wins her over and she takes a leap of faith and starts dating him. Their differences in income, aspirations and status, as well as their attitudes about living together and having kids, are the catalysts for their eventual breakup, followed by several reconciliations and subsequent breakups. Over the course of the show Miranda puts Steve through a fair amount of emotional tumult. However, he looks beneath her cynical exterior and finds her softer side while at the same time choosing his battles carefully, and manages to get Miranda to relax and feel comfortable in a relationship.

While Steve and Miranda do have a happy marriage, they hit a bump in the road which leads him to having sex with another woman. He begs Miranda to forgive him, but she moves out. But at the end, after six months of marriage therapy, they renew their marriage.

Steve isn't much featured in the second film, however their relationship is as strong as ever. When Miranda is struggling with her new boss at her firm, he inadvertently convinces her to quit. He greets her with Brady when she returns from Abu Dhabi.


where do you find ginseng in the united states

American Ginseng can be found in much of the eastern and central United States and in part of southeastern Canada.[22] It is found primarily in deciduous forests of the Appalachian and Ozark regions of the United States.[23] American ginseng is found in full shade environments in these deciduous forests underneath hardwoods.[24] Due to this very specialized growing environment and its demand in the commercial market it has started to reach an endangered status in some areas. It can be found throughout eastern Canada and the northeastern United States.[25]

American ginseng

American ginseng (Panax quinquefolius, Panacis quinquefolis) is a herbaceous perennial plant in the ivy family, commonly used as Chinese or traditional medicine. It is native to eastern North America, though it is also cultivated in China.[3][4]

As of 2018, there is little to no evidence that ginseng is effective against the common cold.[5]

The plant's root and leaves were traditionally used for medicinal purposes by Native Americans. Since the 18th century, the roots have been collected by "sang hunters" and sold to Chinese or Hong Kong traders, who often pay  high prices for particularly old wild roots.[6] It is also known by its Chinese name huaqishen (simplified Chinese: 花旗参; traditional Chinese: 花旗參; pinyin: huāqíshēn; Cantonese Yale: fākèihsām; literally: "Flower Flag ginseng") or xiyangshen (simplified Chinese: 西洋参; traditional Chinese: 西洋參; pinyin: xīyángshēn; Cantonese Yale: sāiyèuhngsām; literally: "west ocean ginseng").

The aromatic root of American ginseng (Panax quinquefolius) resembles a small parsnip that forks as it matures. The plant grows 6" to 18" tall, usually bearing three leaves, each with three to five leaflets, 2" to 5" long.

There is no evidence that American ginseng is effective in those infected with the common cold.[5] When used preventively it makes no difference on the rate of infections.[7] It also appears to have no effect on how severe the infections are.[7] There is tentative evidence that it may lessen the length of sickness when used preventively.[7]

Ginsenosides, phytochemicals of the Panax species, are being studied for potential biological properties.[8]

Individuals requiring anticoagulant therapy such as warfarin should avoid use of ginseng.[5] It is not recommended for individuals with impaired liver or renal function, or during pregnancy or breastfeeding.[5] Other adverse effects include: headaches, anxiety, trouble sleeping and an upset stomach.[5]

Recent studies have shown that through the many cultivated procedures that American ginseng is grown, fungal molds, pesticides, and various metals and residues have contaminated the crop. Though these contaminating effects are not considerably substantial, they do pose health concerns that could lead to neurological problems, intoxication, cardiovascular disease and cancer.[9]

American ginseng was formerly particularly widespread in the Appalachian and Ozark regions (and adjacent forested regions such as Pennsylvania, New York and Ontario), due to its popularity and unique habitat requirements, the wild plant has been overharvested, as well as lost through destruction of its habitat, and is thus rare in most parts of the United States and Canada.[10] Ginseng is also negatively affected by deer browsing, urbanization, and habitat fragmentation.[11] It can also be grown commercially, under artificial shade, woods cultivated, or wild-simulated methods and is usually harvested after three to four years depending on cultivation technique; the wild-simulated method often requires up to 10 years before harvest.

Ontario, Canada is the world's largest producer of North American ginseng.[12] Marathon County, Wisconsin, accounts for about 95% of production in the United States.[13]

Most American ginseng is produced in the Canadian provinces of Ontario and British Columbia and the American state of Wisconsin.[14]

Woods-grown American ginseng programs in Vermont, Maine, Tennessee, Virginia, North Carolina, Colorado, West Virginia, and Kentucky,[15] have been encouraging the planting of ginseng both to restore natural habitats and to remove pressure from any remaining wild ginseng.

American ginseng in human figure

Under wooden shade, American ginseng in late fall at Monk Garden in Wisconsin

A picture of the American Ginseng plant with fruit.

American ginseng berries are ripe by late fall in Wisconsin.

A drawn image of the fruit and leaf of the American Ginseng plant

A drawn image of the American ginseng plants leaves

American wild ginseng root (Panax quinquefolius). This is a very old specimen, showing over 60 growth scars.

American wild ginseng root (Panax quinquefolius). Very old roots, ranging from 40â€“60 growth scars.

American wild ginseng root (Panax quinquefolius). Very old roots, ranging from 40â€“65 growth scars.

Since the 18th century, American ginseng (P. quinquefolius) has been primarily exported to Asia, where it is highly valued for perceived superior quality and sweet taste.[16]

Like Panax ginseng, American ginseng contains dammarane-type ginsenosides, or saponins, as the major biologically active constituents. Dammarane-type ginsenosides include two classifications: 20(S)-protopanaxadiol (PPD) and 20(S)-protopanaxatriol (PPT). American ginseng contains high levels of Rb1, Rd (PPD classification), and Re (PPT classification) ginsenosidesâ€”higher than that of P. ginseng in one study.[17]

When taken orally, PPD-type ginsenosides are mostly metabolized by intestinal bacteria (anaerobes) to PPD monoglucoside, 20-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-20(S)-protopanaxadiol (M1).[18] In humans, M1 is detected in plasma from seven hours after intake of PPD-type ginsenosides and in urine from 12 hours after intake. These findings indicate M1 is the final metabolite of PPD-type ginsenosides.[19]

M1 is referred to in some articles as IH-901,[20] and in others as compound-K.[19]

Cold-fX is a product derived from the roots of North American ginseng (Panax quinquefolius). The makers of Cold-fX, were criticized for making health claims about the product that have never been tested or verified scientifically. Health Canada's review of the scientific literature confirmed that this is not a claim that the manufacturer is entitled to make.[21]

In the United States, American ginseng is generally not listed as an endangered species, but it has been declared as a part of the endangered species scale by some states. States recognizing American ginseng as endangered: Maine, Rhode Island. States recognizing American ginseng as vulnerable: New York, Pennsylvania. States recognizing American ginseng as threatened: Michigan, New Hampshire, Virginia. States recognizing American ginseng as a special concern: Connecticut,[26] Massachusetts, North Carolina, Tennessee.[22]

Originally, American ginseng was imported into China via subtropical Guangzhou, the seaport next to Hong Kong.[citation needed]

Since American ginseng was originally imported into China via a subtropical seaport, Chinese doctors believed American ginseng must be good for yang, because it came from a hot area. They did not know, however, that American ginseng can only grow in temperate regions. Nonetheless, the root is legitimately classified as more yin because it generates fluids.[27]


who is the architect of sheikh zayed mosque

The Grand Mosque was constructed between 1996 and 2007.[2] It was designed by Syrian architect Yousef Abdelky.[3] The building complex measures approximately 290 m (960 ft) by 420 m (1,380 ft), covering an area of more than 12 hectares (30 acres), excluding exterior landscaping and vehicle parking.[4]

Sheikh Zayed Mosque

Sheikh Zayed Grand Mosque (Arabic: جامع الشيخ زايد الكبير) is located in Abu Dhabi, the capital city of the United Arab Emirates.[1] The largest mosque in the country, it is the key place of worship for Friday gathering and Eid prayers. During Eid it may be visited by more than 41,000 people.[1]

The project was launched by the late president of the United Arab Emirates (UAE), Sheikh Zayed bin Sultan Al Nahyan, who wanted to establish a structure that would unite the cultural diversity of the Islamic world with the historical and modern values of architecture and art.[5] His final resting place is located on the grounds adjacent to the complex.

Sheikh Zayed Grand Mosque Center (SZGMC) offices are located in the west minarets. SZGMC manages the day-to-day operations and serves as a center of learning and discovery through its educational cultural activities and visitor programs.

The library, located in the northeast minaret, serves the community with classic books and publications addressing a range of Islamic subjects: sciences, civilization, calligraphy, the arts, and coins, including some rare publications dating back more than 200 years. The collection comprises material in a broad range of languages, including Arabic, English, French, Italian, Spanish, German, and Korean.

For two years running, it was voted the world's second favorite landmark by TripAdvisor.[6]

The design of the Sheikh Zayed Mosque has been inspired by Persian, Mughal, and the Alexandrian Mosque of Abu al-Abbas al-Mursi Mosque in Egypt, also the Indo-Islamic mosque architecture, particularly the Badshahi Mosque in Lahore, Pakistan being direct influences. The dome layout and floorplan of the mosque was inspired by the Badshahi Mosque. Its archways are quintessentially Moorish and its minarets classically Arab.

Under lead contractor Impregilo (Italy), more than 3,000 workers and 38 sub-contracting companies took part in its construction. Natural materials were chosen for much of its design and construction due to their long-lasting qualities, including marble stone, gold, semi-precious stones, crystals and ceramics. Artisans and materials came from many countries including India, Italy, Germany, Egypt, Turkey, Morocco, Pakistan, Malaysia, Iran, China, United Kingdom, New Zealand, Republic of Macedonia and United Arab Emirates.

The mosque is large enough to accommodate over 40,000 worshippers, while the main prayer hall can hold over 7,000. There are two smaller prayer halls, with a capacity of 1,500 each, one of which is the women's prayer hall.[1]

There are four minarets on the four corners of the courtyard which rise about 107 m (351 ft) in height. The courtyard, with its floral design, measures about 17,000 m2 (180,000 sq ft), and is considered to be the largest example of marble mosaic in the world.[1]

The Sheikh Zayed Grand Mosque has many special and unique elements: The carpet in the main prayer hall is considered[who?] to be the world's largest carpet made by Iran's Carpet Company and designed by Iranian artist Ali Khaliqi.[7] This carpet measures 5,627 m2 (60,570 sq ft), and was made by around 1,200-1,300 carpet knotters. The weight of this carpet is 35 ton and is predominantly made from wool (originating from New Zealand and Iran). There are 2,268,000,000 knots within the carpet and it took approximately two years to complete.[1]

The Sheikh Zayed Grand Mosque has seven imported chandeliers from the company Faustig in Munich, Germany that incorporate millions of Swarovski crystals. The largest chandelier is the second largest known chandelier inside a mosque, the third largest in the world and has a 10 m (33 ft) diameter and a 15 m (49 ft) height.[1] The pools along the arcades reflect the mosque's spectacular columns, which becomes even more glorious at night. The unique lighting system was designed by lighting architects Speirs and Major Associates to reflect the phases of the moon. Beautiful bluish gray clouds are projected in lights onto the external walls and get brighter and darker according to the phase of the moon.

The 96 columns in the main prayer hall are clad with marble and inlaid with mother of pearl, one of the few places where you will see this craftsmanship.

The 99 names (qualities or attributes) of God (Allah) are featured on the Qibla wall in traditional Kufic calligraphy, designed by the prominent UAE calligrapher â€” Mohammed Mandi Al Tamimi. The Qibla wall also features subtle fibre-optic lighting, which is integrated as part of the organic design.

In total, three calligraphy styles — Naskhi, Thuluth and Kufic — are used throughout the mosque and were drafted by Mohammed Mandi Al Tamimi of the UAE, Farouk Haddad of Syria and Mohammed Allam of Jordan.[1]

In 2013, US-based singer Rihanna received negative criticism for taking photographs, with the Mosque in the background, during a private visit. During the incident she was reported to have posed in a manner deemed offensive and provocative. Staff asked her to leave following the incident.[8]

More recently, Selena Gomez was criticised by Instagram users for posing for pictures at the mosque with her ankle shown.[9]

Front and entrance of the Sheikh Zayed Mosque

Water mirror and columns

Inner Court Yard with Minaret


choose the correct ipa symbol according to the characteristics given. voiced post-alveolar affricate

The voiced palato-alveolar sibilant affricate, voiced post-alveolar affricate or voiced domed postalveolar sibilant affricate, is a type of consonantal sound, used in some spoken languages. The sound is transcribed in the International Phonetic Alphabet with ⟨d͡ʒ⟩ (formerly the ligature ⟨ʤ⟩), or in broad transcription ⟨ɟ⟩, and the equivalent X-SAMPA representation is dZ. Alternatives commonly used in linguistic works, particularly in older or American literature, are ⟨ǰ⟩, ⟨ǧ⟩, ⟨ǯ⟩, and ⟨dž⟩. It is familiar to English speakers as the pronunciation of ⟨j⟩ in jump.

Voiced postalveolar affricate

Features of the voiced postalveolar affricate:


who said the line i'll have what she's having

In a scene featuring the two title characters having lunch at Katz's Delicatessen in Manhattan, the couple are arguing about a man's ability to recognize when a woman is faking an orgasm. Sally claims that men cannot tell the difference, and to prove her point, she vividly (fully clothed) fakes one as other diners watch. The scene ends with Sally casually returning to her meal as a nearby patron (played by Reiner's mother) places her order: "I'll have what she's having." When Estelle Reiner died at age 94 in 2008, The New York Times referred to her as the woman "who delivered one of the most memorably funny lines in movie history".[11] This scene was shot again and again, and Ryan demonstrated her fake orgasms for hours.[9] Katz's Deli still hangs a sign above the table that says, "Where Harry met Sally... hope you have what she had!"[12][13]

When Harry Met Sally...

When Harry Met Sallyâ€¦ is a 1989 American romantic comedy film written by Nora Ephron and directed by Rob Reiner. It stars Billy Crystal as Harry and Meg Ryan as Sally. The story follows the title characters from the time they meet just before sharing a cross-country drive, through twelve years or so of chance encounters in New York City. The film raises the question "Can men and women ever just be friends?" and advances many ideas about relationships that became household concepts, such as "high-maintenance"[1] and the "transitional person".[2]

The origins of the film were derived from Reiner's return to single life after a divorce. An interview Ephron conducted with Reiner provided the basis for Harry. Sally was based on Ephron and some of her friends. Crystal came on board and made his own contributions to the screenplay, making Harry funnier. Ephron supplied the structure of the film with much of the dialogue based on the real-life friendship between Reiner and Crystal. The soundtrack consists of standards performed by Harry Connick Jr., with a big band and orchestra arranged by Marc Shaiman. Connick won his first Grammy Award for Best Jazz Male Vocal Performance.

Columbia Pictures released the film using the "platform" technique, which involved opening it in a few select cities, letting positive word of mouth generate interest, and then gradually expanding distribution over subsequent weeks. When Harry Met Sally... grossed a total of US$92.8 million in North America. Ephron received a British Academy Film Award, an Oscar nomination, and a Writers Guild of America Award nomination for her screenplay. The film is ranked 23rd on AFI's 100 Years... 100 Laughs list of the top comedy films in American cinema and number 60 on Bravo's "100 Funniest Movies". In early 2004, the film was adapted for the stage in a production starring Luke Perry and Alyson Hannigan.

In 1977, Harry Burns and Sally Albright graduate from the University of Chicago and share the drive to New York City, where Sally is beginning journalism school and Harry is starting a career. Harry is dating Sally's friend Amanda. During the drive, Harry and Sally discuss their differing ideas about relationships; Sally disagrees with Harry's assertion that men and women cannot be friends, as "the sex part gets in the way". At a diner, Sally is angered when Harry tells her she is attractive; she accuses him of making a pass at her. In New York, they part on unfriendly terms.

Five years later, Harry and Sally find themselves on the same flight. Sally is dating Harry's neighbor Joe, and Harry is engaged, which surprises Sally. Harry suggests they become friends, forcing him to qualify his previous position about the impossibility of male-female friendships. They separate, concluding that they will not be friends.

Harry and Sally run into each other again in a bookstore five years later. They have coffee and talk about their previous relationships; Sally and Joe broke up because she wanted a family and he did not want to marry, and Harry's fiancee left him for another man. They take a walk and become friends. They have late-night phone conversations, go to dinner, and spend time together, discussing their love lives.

During a New Year's Eve party, Harry and Sally find themselves attracted to each other. Though they remain friends, they set each other up with their respective best friends, Marie and Jess. When the four go to a restaurant, Marie and Jess become fast friends, and later become engaged. Over the phone, Sally tearfully tells Harry that her ex is getting married. He rushes to her apartment to comfort her, and they have sex; Harry leaves the next morning distressed. Their friendship cools until a heated argument at Jess and Marie's wedding dinner. Harry attempts to mend his friendship with Sally, but she feels that they cannot be friends.

At a New Year's Eve party that year, Sally feels alone without Harry by her side. Harry spends New Year's alone, walking around the city. As Sally decides to leave the party early, Harry appears and declares his love for her. She argues that the only reason he is there is because he is lonely, but he lists the many things he realized he loves about her. They kiss and marry three months later.

In 1984, director Rob Reiner, producer Andy Scheinman and writer Nora Ephron met over lunch at the Russian Tea Room in New York City to develop a project.[3] Reiner pitched an idea for a film that Ephron rejected.[4][5] The second meeting transformed into a long discussion about Reiner and Scheinman's lives as single men. Reiner remembers, "I was in the middle of my single life. I'd been divorced for a while. I'd been out a number of times, all these disastrous, confusing relationships one after another".[6] The next time they all met, Reiner said that he had always wanted to do a film about two people who become friends and do not have sex because they know it will ruin their relationship but have sex anyway. Ephron liked the idea, and Reiner acquired a deal at a studio.[3]

She then proceeded to interview Reiner and Scheinman about their lives in order to have material on which to draw. These interviews also provided the basis for Harry. Reiner was constantly depressed, pessimistic yet very funny. Ephron also got bits of dialogue from these interviews. Sally was based on Ephron and some of her friends.[3] She worked on several drafts over the years while Reiner made Stand By Me and The Princess Bride.[4] Billy Crystal came on board when the project was called Boy Meets Girl and made his own contributions to the screenplay, making Harry funnier.[5][7] The comedian "experienced vicariously" Reiner's (his best friend at the time) return to single life after divorcing comedian/filmmaker Penny Marshall and in the process was unconsciously doing research for the role of Harry.[3]

During the screenwriting process when Ephron would not feel like writing, she would interview people who worked for the production company. Some of the interviews appeared in the film as the interludes between certain scenes featuring couples talking about how they met,[3] although the material was rewritten and reshot with actors. Ephron supplied the structure of the film with much of the dialogue based on the real-life friendship between Reiner and Crystal.[8] For example, in the scene where Sally and Harry appear on a split screen, talking on the telephone while watching their respective television sets, channel surfing, was something that Crystal and Reiner did every night.[8]

Originally, Ephron wanted to call the film How They Met and went through several different titles. Reiner even started a contest with the crew during principal photography: whoever came up with the title won a case of Champagne.[4] In order to get into the lonely mindset of Harry when he was divorced and single, Crystal stayed by himself in a separate room from the cast and crew while they were shooting in Manhattan.[8] The script initially ended with Harry and Sally remaining friends and not pursuing a romantic relationship because she felt that was "the true ending", as did Reiner.[4] Eventually, Ephron and Reiner realized that it would be a more appropriate ending for them to marry, though they admit that this is generally not a realistic outcome.[9]

When posed the film's central question, can men and women just be friends, Ryan replied, "Yes, men and women can just be friends. I have a lot of platonic (male) friends, and sex doesn't get in the way." Crystal said, "I'm a little more optimistic than Harry. But I think it is difficult. Men basically act like stray dogs in front of a supermarket. I do have platonic (women) friends, but not best, best, best friends."[10]

Rob Reiner initially envisioned actress Susan Dey for the role of Sally Albright. When she declined, he later considered Elizabeth Perkins. He also considered casting Elizabeth McGovern. Molly Ringwald was almost cast, but Meg Ryan convinced Reiner to give her the role. Reiner's mother Estelle and daughter Tracy both played roles in the film.

This classic scene was born when the film started to focus too much on Harry. Crystal remembers saying, "'We need something for Sally to talk about,' and Nora said, 'Well, faking orgasm is a great one,' and right away we said, 'Well, the subject is good,' and then Meg came on board and we talked with her about the nature of the idea and she said, 'Well, why don't I just fake one, just do one?'"[3] Ryan suggested that the scene take place in a restaurant,[14] and it was Crystal who came up with the scene's classic punchline â€“ "I'll have what she's having."[3] In 2005, the quote was listed 33rd on the AFI's 100 Years... 100 Movie Quotes list of memorable movie lines. Reiner recalls that at a test screening, all of the women in the audience were laughing while all of the men were silent.[4]

In late 2013, Improv Everywhere, the New York City initiative behind the annual No Pants Day in the subways and various flash-mob stunts, convened and filmed a re-enactment. While a look-alike couple performed the scene, 30 others joined as if it was contagious. Surprised staff and customers responded in appreciation. The film and follow-up interviews are public.[15] In October of the same year, Katz Delicatessen invited Baron Von Fancy to display his ten-foot high mural quoting the famous line in its pop-up gallery next door, The Space.[16]

The When Harry Met Sally... soundtrack album features American singer and pianist Harry Connick Jr. Bobby Colomby, the drummer for Blood, Sweat & Tears, was a friend of Reiner's and recommended Harry Connick Jr., giving the director a tape of the musician's music. Reiner was struck by Connick's voice and how he sounded like a young Frank Sinatra.[5][17] The movie's soundtrack album was released by Columbia Records in July 1989. The soundtrack consists of standards performed by Harry Connick Jr. with a big band and orchestra arranged by Marc Shaiman. Connick won his first Grammy for Best Jazz Male Vocal Performance.[18]

Arrangements and orchestrations on "It Had to Be You", "Where or When", "I Could Write a Book", and "But Not for Me" are by Connick and Shaiman. Other songs were performed as piano/vocal solos, or with Connick's trio featuring Benjamin Jonah Wolfe on bass and Jeff "Tain" Watts on drums. Also appearing on the album are tenor saxophonist Frank Wess and guitarist Joy Berliner. The soundtrack went to #1 on the Billboard Traditional Jazz Chart and was within the top 50 on the Billboard 200.[19] Connick also toured North America in support of this album.[20] It went on to reach double-platinum status.[21]

The music in the film is performed by various artists, such as Louis Armstrong and Ella Fitzgerald, Frank Sinatra, Ray Charles, Bing Crosby, and Harry Connick Jr.

Columbia Pictures released the film using the "platform" technique which involved opening it in a few select cities letting positive word of mouth generate interest and then gradually expanding distribution over subsequent weeks. On its opening weekend, it grossed $1 million in 41 theaters.[22] Billy Crystal was worried that the film would flop at the box office because it was up against several summer blockbuster films, like Indiana Jones and the Last Crusade and Batman.[3] The film went into wide release on July 21, 1989, and grossed $8.8 million on its opening weekend in 775 theaters.[22] This was later expanded to 1,174 theaters and the film grossed a total of $92.8 million in North America, well above its $16 million budget.[22]

Reviews for When Harry Met Sally... were positive. It has a rating of 89% on Rotten Tomatoes, summarized in the view that: "Rob Reiner's touching, funny film set a new standard for romantic comedies, and he was ably abetted by the sharp interplay between Billy Crystal and Meg Ryan".[23] On Metacritic, the film has a score of 76 out of 100, based on 17 critics.[24]

The film led Roger Ebert to call Reiner "one of Hollywood's very best directors of comedy", and said that it was "most conventional, in terms of structure and the way it fulfills our expectations. But what makes it special, apart from the Ephron screenplay, is the chemistry between Crystal and Ryan."[25] In a review for The New York Times, Caryn James called When Harry Met Sally... an "often funny but amazingly hollow film" that "romanticized lives of intelligent, successful, neurotic New Yorkers"; James characterized it as "the sitcom version of a Woody Allen film, full of amusing lines and scenes, all infused with an uncomfortable sense of déjà vu".[26]

Rita Kempley's review in The Washington Post praised Meg Ryan as the "summer's Melanie Griffith â€“ a honey-haired blonde who finally finds a showcase for her sheer exuberance. Neither naif nor vamp, she's a woman from a pen of a woman, not some Cinderella of a Working Girl."[27] Mike Clark, of USA Today, gave the film three out of four stars, writing, "Crystal is funny enough to keep Ryan from all-out stealing the film. She, though, is smashing in an eye-opening performance, another tribute to Reiner's flair with actors."[28] David Ansen provided one of the rare negative reviews of the film for Newsweek. He criticized the casting of Crystal, "Not surprisingly he handles the comedy superbly, but he's too cool and self-protective an actor to work as a romantic leading man", and felt that as a film, "of wonderful parts, it doesn't quite add up".[29]

Nora Ephron received an Oscar nomination[30] and a Writers Guild of America Award nomination for her screenplay. She won a British Academy Film Award for Best Original Screenplay and was nominated for Best Film.[31] Rob Reiner was nominated for an Outstanding Directorial Achievement in Motion Pictures (DGA) award. The film was also nominated for five Golden Globes, including Best Motion Picture – Musical or Comedy, Reiner for Best Director – Motion Picture, Billy Crystal for Best Actor – Motion Picture Musical or Comedy, Meg Ryan for Best Actress – Motion Picture Musical or Comedy, and Nora Ephron for Best Screenplay.[32]

Over the years, When Harry Met Sally... has become "the quintessential contemporary feel-good relationship movie that somehow still rings true".[33] Ephron still received letters from people obsessed with the film and still had "people who say to me all the time, 'I was having a Harry-and-Sally relationship with him or her'."[33] The film is 23rd on AFI's 100 Years... 100 Laughs list of the top comedy films in American cinema and number 60 on Bravo's "100 Funniest Movies."[34] Entertainment Weekly named it as one of the Top 10 romantic movies of all time.[35] The magazine also ranked it 12th on their Funniest Movies of the Past 25 Years list.[36] The periodical also ranked it 7th on their 25 Best Romantic Movies of the Past 25 Years list[37] and #3 on their Top 25 Modern Romances list.[38] The film has inspired countless romantic comedies, including A Lot Like Love,[39] Hum Tum[40] and Definitely, Maybe.[41] In addition, the film helped popularize many ideas about love that have become household concepts now, such as the "high-maintenance" girlfriend and the "transitional person".[42]

In June 2008, AFI revealed its "Ten top Ten"—the best ten films in ten "classic" American film genres—after polling over 1,500 people from the creative community. When Harry Met Sally was acknowledged as the sixth best film in the romantic comedy genre.[43] It is also ranked #15 on Rotten Tomatoes' 25 Best Romantic Comedies.[44]

In early 2004, the film was adapted for the stage in a Theatre Royal Haymarket production starring Luke Perry and Alyson Hannigan.[45] Molly Ringwald and Michael Landes later replaced Hannigan and Perry for the second cast.[46]

The film is recognized by American Film Institute in these lists:

When Harry Met Sally... was first released on VHS in late 1989, a few months after its theatrical release. It was later re-released on VHS in 1994 as part of a Billy Crystal collection,[52] and in 1997 under the Contemporary Classics edition; the latter release included trailers that were not included in the original VHS release. It was released on DVD for the first time on January 9, 2001, and included an audio commentary by Reiner, a 35-minute "Making Of" documentary featuring interviews with Reiner, Ephron, Crystal, and Ryan, seven deleted scenes, and a music video for "It Had To Be You" by Harry Connick Jr.[53] A Collector's Edition DVD was released on January 15, 2008, including a new audio commentary with Reiner, Ephron, and Crystal, eight deleted scenes, all new featurettes (It All Started Like This, Stories Of Love, When Rob Met Billy, Billy On Harry, I Love New York, What Harry Meeting Sally Meant, So Can Men And Women Really Be Friends?), and the original theatrical trailer.[42] The film was released on Blu-ray on July 5, 2011 containing all of the special features found on the 2008 DVD release.[54]


institutions that are established for management development in nigeria

The Nigerian Institute of Management (NIM) is a non-profit institution that defines the required skills and standards for professional managers, and offers courses leading to diplomas in Management.

Nigerian Institute of Management

The Nigerian Management Group was formed in 1961 as the first management institute in Nigeria. The organization was renamed the Nigerian Institute of Management in 1964 and incorporated as a non-profit company. On 19 June 2003 the National Assembly passed the Nigerian Institute of Management Establishment Act 2003. This gave the NIM the formal authority to regulate the management profession in Nigeria.[1] In December 2005 the Institute was waiting for the Jigawa State government to provide a site on which the institute could build a management center.[2]

In November 2006 NIM President Alhaji Mohammed Abubakar, after describing how political leaders had stolen $480 billion since 1960, said that all sectors of the economy were suffering from endemic management failure.[3] In December 2007 the new NIM President Sir Peter Edeoghon said he would focus on ways to improve the institute's performance in regulating the industry and promoting best practices.[4] In November 2008, Edeoghon called on the federal government to increase investment in the non-oil sector.[5] The November 2008 International Management Conference of the NIM wound up with a call for a change in the government's emphasis to a focus on wealth creation rather than poverty reduction. The two-day conference was held jointly with the Association of Management Organisations in Africa (AMOA).[6]

NIM meetings provide an opportunity for politicians to address senior business leaders. In August 2002 President Olusegun Obasanjo called on NIM members to lead the fight against corruption.[7] At the September 2009 annual meeting of the NIM, President Umaru Musa Yar'Adua praised the NIM for its commitment to the development of Nigeria.[8] At the September 2010 annual meeting President Goodluck Jonathan, represented by Civil Service Head Stephen Oronsaye, pledged to fight corruption and urged the members to assist in this cause.[9] In July 2011 Chief Emeka Anyaoku gave the NIM's golden jubilee lecture on the topic: "Nigeria at 50: The Challenges of Nationhood". Talking about the recent attack in Abuja by Boko Haram members he called for a national conference on security to review Nigeria's structural problems and to end the immunity of senior politicians.[10]


where does arrowhead mountain spring water come from

Arrowhead Mountain Spring Water takes its name from a natural mark in the San Bernardino Mountains that is shaped like a giant arrowhead. The arrowhead is naturally barren; it is not manicured in any way. Native American legend says the formation was burned into the mountain by the fall of an arrow from Heaven, showing the way to the healing hot springs. Nearby cold springs on Strawberry Creek in the San Bernardino National Forest are the original source and namesake of Arrowhead water.[1]

Arrowhead Water

Arrowhead Water, also known as Arrowhead Mountain Spring Water, is a brand of drinking water that is sold in the western United States, particularly in Nevada, Arizona, Utah, the Northwest, and in California.

The first documented reference to Arrowhead springs (Agua Caliente) was in records of priests stationed at Mission San Gabriel Arcángel, around 1820. David Noble Smith was the founder of the first sanitarium facilities at Arrowhead Springs in 1863, which were used to treat patients with tuberculosis and numerous other ailments. By the 1880s, the Arrowhead waters were famous for their supposed curing powers. By the early 20th century, the hot springs were a popular resort for tourism and vacationing.

In 1909, The Arrowhead Springs Company was formed and the company's water products were marketed in Southern California. The water was transported from Arrowhead Springs, north of San Bernardino, California, to Los Angeles in glass-lined railroad tank cars. In 1917, the bottling operations moved to a new plant in Los Angeles. In 1929, the Arrowhead Springs Company merged with the company that marketed Puritas water, and began co-marketing the Puritas products with Arrowhead water. Puritas water products were first introduced in Los Angeles in 1894.

The Arrowhead and Puritas brands were bottled in the same plants and co-marketed until the 1970s. Arrowhead Springs marketed the brands in separate containers that sometimes carried the Arrowhead or Puritas names alone, but containers were often labeled "Arrowhead and Puritas." The Arrowhead Beverage Company was the bottler for many different brands of water and soft drinks including seltzer, fruit-flavored soda, and ginger ale.

In 1932, another important development for the company happened in the Los Angeles area, as it was named the official water refreshment of that year's Olympic Games, held at the City of the Stars.

Arrowhead water returned to the Olympic Games again in 1984, when the games were again held in Los Angeles.

In 1993, Arrowhead water bought the naming rights for the Arrowhead Pond in Anaheim.[2]

In 1987, Arrowhead waters was bought by Nestlé. Soon after, the presence of Arrowhead water bottles in supermarkets across the Western United States grew considerably.

In 1996, a 24-US-fluid-ounce (710Â ml) bottle was introduced by the company. By the early 2000s, the company had introduced waters with different flavors to the market.

It's Better Up Here! is a trademarked tagline for the Arrowhead Water brand.

In 2006, Aquapod was released in this brand.

In December, 2017, the California Water Resources Control Board notified NestlÃ© that an investigation had concluded that the company does not have proper rights to about three-quarters of the water it withdraws for bottling, including water from the San Bernardino National Forest.[3]


when does x files season 11 take place

The eleventh season of the American science fiction television series The X-Files premiered on January 3, 2018, on Fox.[1] The season consists of ten episodes and concluded on March 21, 2018. It follows newly re-instated Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) agents Fox Mulder (David Duchovny) and Dana Scully (Gillian Anderson). The season's storyline picks up directly after last season's finale and the search for Mulder and Scully's son William is the main story arc for the season.[2]

The X-Files (season 11)

Dana Scully (Gillian Anderson) wakes up in the hospital after having a seizure, now realizing the events of My Struggle II were a vision and haven't actually happened yet. Mulder initially presumes Scully’s ramblings are a product of her illness but leaves the hospital to investigate. Agent Jeffrey Spender later appears at Scully’s bedside, revealing that someone is looking for William. He first balks at telling her the location of her son, revealing only the name of the family that adopted him - Van De Kamp. Mulder tails a henchman who he believes will take him to The Smoking Man, but he arrives somewhere else with mysterious conspirators; Mr. Y (A.C. Peterson) and Erika Price (Barbara Hershey). They try to negotiate with Mulder into turning over his son but Mulder refuses. Walter Skinner (Mitch Pileggi) tries to meet with Scully, but can't find her. As he goes to his car, he is met inside by The Smoking Man and Reyes. Meanwhile, Scully tries to leave the hospital but her seizures return causing her to crash her car. She is rescued by Agent Einstein and Agent Miller, and is readmitted to the hospital. Both agents leave the room. An assassin sent by Mr. Y and Erika enters and tries to suffocate Scully, but Mulder steps in and saves her by slicing the assassin's neck. As Skinner comes in, Mulder confronts him since he smells like smoke. In a flashback to when Skinner was in the car with the Smoking Man, the latter reveals (in a further flashback to 17 years, "En Ami") that he, not Mulder, artificially impregnated Scully.[3]

Scully opens her eyes in the dark, laying on her side on a bed in a mysterious house. She explores the mysterious house and ends up in a endless pattern of the same room. Mulder theorizes that the experience as a type of sleep paralysis. She goes back to her memories of her sleep paralysis, where she grabs a snow globe with a model of the boat in it. Mulder and Scully get to the dock, meeting with Detective Costa (Louis Ferreira). Later, Scully’s attention is drawn to a man that observes them intently from one of the portable walkways. Costa informs them that the victims asked if they found Ghouli. When Scully turns to check if the mystery guy is there, he’s gone. Both agents investigate the two teenagers about the slashing. Both of them go on about the experience and their boyfriend, Jackson Van De Kamp. The agents arrive at the Van De Kamp household, the same house Scully saw in her dream. Two gunshots are heard with a third coming from upstairs. Scully goes up and finds the bleeding corpse of Jackson Van De Kamp. As they leave the room and the door clicks closed, the zipper opens slowly. Jackson sits up and escapes the room. Mulder meets with Skinner at the Chimera, telling him to drop the investigation. Mulder confirms that Jackson's DNA matches Scully's. At the hospital, Jackson explains to Brianna that he’s been hiding because there are people after him. He reveals that Ghouli doesn't exist and it's just something he "made up". Jackson escapes the hospital after the death of the DOD members. The next day, Scully spots a rural gas station that has a windmill just outside. Scully meets with Peter Wong with Wong mentioning that he wishes he could know her better. The agents ask to see the recording tapes. In the recording, Scully is having a conversation with William. She smiles as Mulder holds her while they see their son, alive.[4]

Episodes marked with a double dagger () are episodes in the series' alien mythology arc.[2]

In May 2015, in an interview with Entertainment Weekly, co-star David Duchovny stated that if the 2016 revival were successful, he would be interested in another renewal, stating, "I would be open to doing another cycle. I don't know that I could do a 20-episode version of this show at this point in my life, and I don't know that Gillian could. But I think everybody is open ended on what happens after this. Certainly, we didn't bring it back with the idea of ending it."[20] At the 2016 Television Critics Association panel for the series, creator Chris Carter stated, "If we do well in the ratings, I can't imagine we wouldn't be asked to do more."[21] Fox Television Group chairman and CEO Gary Newman stated that he and fellow executive Dana Walden would be open to another renewal, stating, "We would love to do this again, so we'd be on board if schedules can be worked out."[22] In an interview with Variety prior to the premiere, co-star Gillian Anderson, Duchovny, and Walden stated their willingness for another renewal.[23] In an interview with TV Guide, Carter reaffirmed plans for more episodes, but stressed that everyone involved is waiting on the success of the season.[24] In May 2016, Walden confirmed that there had been conversations about an eleventh season possibly for the 2017â€“18 television season.[25]

On April 20, 2017, Fox officially announced that The X-Files would be returning for an eleventh season of ten episodes, which would air in the 2017–18 television season after filming in mid-2017.[26]

The writing staff for the eleventh season consists of Chris Carter, Glen Morgan, Darin Morgan, James Wong, and newcomers who were all previously part of The X-Files production staff, Gabe Rotter (writers assistant), Benjamin Van Allen (writers assistant) and Brad Follmer (Carter's personal assistant).[27] In August 2017, it was announced that three female writers were added to the staff; Karen Nielsen (who worked as a script coordinator on season 10) wrote one episode, and Kristen Cloke and Shannon Hamblin wrote another episode based on a story by Glen Morgan.[28][29] The season, consisting of 10 episodes, has two mythology episodes (the premiere and finale) and eight standalone episodes;[2] however, several critics have considered episode five, "Ghouli", to also be a mythology episode.[30][31][32]

In addition to Duchovny and Anderson, Mitch Pileggi was confirmed to reprise his role, as Walter Skinner.[33] Also returning are William B. Davis as Cigarette Smoking Man and Annabeth Gish as Monica Reyes.[2][34] In August 2017, it was confirmed that Robbie Amell and Lauren Ambrose would reprise their roles Agents Miller and Einstein from season ten.[35] In September 2017, it was announced that Karin Konoval–who played Mrs. Peacock in the fourth-season episode "Home"–would play new characters in the eleventh season, in what Carter described as a "tour-de-force performance".[36] Anderson commented that this is her final season of The X-Files, saying, "I've said from the beginning this is it for me."[37] However, Chris Carter affirmed he would not do The X-Files without her character, saying, "For me, The X-Files is Mulder and Scully. I think if it were without Scully, I wouldn't do it. That's not my X-Files."[38] The writers intended to bring back Robert Patrick as his character John Doggett, but he was unavailable due to scheduling issues as he was filming for his TV series Scorpion.[39] In February 2018, Carter stated in an interview that he could see the show continuing without Anderson.[40]

Filming began in August 2017 in Vancouver, British Columbia, where the previous season was filmed, along with the show's original five seasons.[41] After controversy sparked regarding the lack of female writers or directors on the series, it was announced in August 2017 that Carol Banker, a script supervisor on the original series who also directed an episode of The Lone Gunmen and Holly Dale were added as directors.[28]

The eleventh season has received generally positive reviews from critics and currently has a Metacritic score of 67 out of 100 based on 18 reviews.[42] On Rotten Tomatoes, the season has an approval rating of 83% with an average rating of 6.99 out of 10 based on 30 reviews. The site's consensus reads, "Though it may not make many new believers, The X-Files return to business as usual is a refreshing upgrade from the show's underwhelming previous outing."[43]

Based on the first five episodes available for review, Liz Shannon Miller of IndieWire gave the season a positive review with a "B+" grade. While Miller wrote that the season premiere "is not good", she was much more positive of the following four standalone episodes, writing that "there are some intriguing mysteries, some eerie moments, solid action" and praised Darin Morgan's comedy installment, calling it "fantastic". Overall, she concluded, "Season 11 so far isn't flawless, but it's a lively, character-focused affair that feels far more unified than we'd ever anticipated, a massive improvement over Season 10 that gives us genuine hope for the second half. For the first time in a while, we're truly excited to see more."[44] Matt Zoller Seitz of Vulture stated that compared to the previous season, "This new batch of episodes is considerably stronger. Even the ones that don't really do much but spin their wheels do so with feeling, and when the show is great — as it is, yet again, in Darin Morgan's episode — it's downright sublime."[45]


who created the theory of allostasis and the body’s response to chronic stressors

Allostatic load is "the wear and tear on the body" that accumulates as an individual is exposed to repeated or chronic stress.[1] It represents the physiological consequences of chronic exposure to fluctuating or heightened neural or neuroendocrine response that results from repeated or chronic stress.[2] The term was coined by McEwen and Stellar in 1993.[3]

Allostatic load

The regulatory model of allostasis claims that the brain's primary role as an organ is the predictive regulation of internal sensations.[4] Predictive regulation refers to the brain's ability to anticipate needs and prepare to fulfill them before they arise.[4] Therefore, in this model, the brain is responsible for efficient interoceptive regulation. Part of efficient regulation is the mitigation of uncertainty. Humans naturally do not like feeling as if surprise is inevitable. Because of this, we constantly strive to reduce the uncertainty of future outcomes, and allostasis helps us do this by anticipating needs and planning how to satisfy them ahead of time.[5] But it takes a significant amount of the brain's energy to do this, and if it fails to resolve the uncertainty, the situation may become chronic and result in the experience of "allostatic load".[5] The concept of allostatic load provides that "the neuroendocrine, cardiovascular, neuroenergetic, and emotional responses become persistently activated so that blood flow turbulences in the coronary and cerebral arteries, high blood pressure, atherogenesis, cognitive dysfunction and depressed mood accelerate disease progression."[5] In other words, all of the long-standing effects of continuously activated stress responses are referred to as allostatic load. And allostatic load can even result in permanently altered brain architecture and systemic pathophysiology.[5] Further, as a result of these physical effects, allostatic load also minimizes an organism's ability to cope with and reduce uncertainty in the future, which cements the entire cycle.[5]

Allostatic load is generally measured through a composite index of indicators of cumulative strain on several organs and tissues, primarily biomarkers associated with the neuroendocrine, cardiovascular, immune and metabolic systems.[6] Indices of allostatic load are diverse across studies and are frequently assessed differently, using different biomarkers and different methods of assembling an allostatic load index. Allostatic load is not unique to humans and may be used to evaluate the physiological effects of chronic or frequent stress in non-human primates as well.[6]

Stress hormones such as epinephrine and cortisol in combination with other stress-mediating physiological agents such as increased myocardial workload, decreased smooth muscle tone in the gastrointestinal tract, and increased coagulation effects have protective and adaptive benefits in the short term, yet can accelerate pathophysiology when they are overproduced or mismanaged; this kind of stress can cause hypertension and lead to heart disease. Constant or even irregular exposure to these hormones can eventually induce illnesses and weaken the body's immune system.[7]

Adaptation in the face of stressful situations and stimuli involves activation of neural, neuroendocrine and neuroendocrine-immune mechanisms. This adaptation has been called "allostasis" or "maintaining stability through change", which is an essential component of maintaining homeostasis. The main downstream hormones produced as a result of the stress response, cortisol and epinephrine (adrenaline), have beneficial effects on the body that can become detrimental with excessive activation, such as increased blood pressure and heart rate.

The physiological responses involved in the stress response are widely considered adaptive as they are effective at responding to acute threats to survival across many species. However, in environments of chronic or frequent activation of the stress response, such as exposure to violence or trauma, poverty, war, hypoxia, or low rank in a social hierarchy, the stress response constantly disrupts homeostasis resulting in overexertion of physiological systems.

Allostatic load can be measured in physiological systems as chemical imbalances in autonomic nervous system, central nervous system, neuroendocrine, and immune system activity as well as perturbations in the diurnal rhythms, and, in some cases, plasticity changes to brain structures.

Four conditions that lead to allostatic load are:

The effects of these forms of dysfunctional allostasis cause increased allostatic load and may, over time, lead to the development of disease, sometimes with decompensation of the allostatically controlled problem. Allostatic load effects can be measured in the body. When tabulated in the form of allostatic load indices using sophisticated analytical methods, it gives an indication of cumulative lifetime effects of all types of stress on the body.[7]


who does jamie chung play in once upon a time

Since 2012, Chung has appeared in the recurring role of Mulan in the ABC fantasy television series Once Upon a Time. She also created the fashion blog What the Chung?

Jamie Chung

Jamie Jilynn Chung (born April 10, 1983)[2][3][4] is an American actress, blogger, and former reality television personality. She first gained fame in 2004 as a cast member on the MTV reality series The Real World: San Diego and subsequently through her appearances on its spin-off show, Real World/Road Rules Challenge: The InfernoÂ II. She is regarded by many as the Real World alumna with the most successful media career.[5][6]

She later transitioned into acting and has since become known for films, such as Dragonball Evolution, Grown Ups, Premium Rush, Sorority Row, The Hangover Part II, Sucker Punch, and Big Hero 6 and having been the series lead of the ABC Family television miniseries Samurai Girl. Chung received critical acclaim for her lead performance in the independent drama film about domestic human trafficking, Eden. In 2017, she was cast as the teleporting mutant Clarice Fong/Blink in the superhero drama series The Gifted on Fox.

Jamie Chung was born and raised in San Francisco, California.[7][8] She and her older sister are second-generation Korean Americans, raised by "traditional" parents who moved to the United States in 1980, and ran a hamburger restaurant.[9][10] She was described by MTV as someone who "tells it like it is".[7][11] After graduating from Lowell High School in 2001,[12] Chung attended and graduated from the University of California, Riverside with a B.A. in economics in 2005;[1] she was a member of Kappa Kappa Gamma sorority.[13]

Chung was a cast member on The Real World: San Diego, the fourteenth season of MTV's long-running reality TV show, The Real World, which first aired in 2004. At the time she was selected to be on The Real World: San Diego, she was described by MTV as a hard-working student who worked two jobs to pay her tuition, but who also enjoyed partying. She was also described by her friends as not having the best taste in men.[7]

After appearing on The Real World, Chung appeared on its spin-off game show, Real World/Road Rules Challenge, as a cast member in that show's 2005 season, The Inferno II, during which she was a member of the "Good Guys" team, which squared off against the "Bad Asses". By the end of the season, after several cast members had been eliminated during the competition, Chung remained, along with her fellow Good Guys teammates Darrell Taylor, Landon Lueck, and Mike Mizanin. Chung and her teammates were victorious against the remaining members of the Bad Asses in the final event, and won the competition.

After her stint on The Real World, she began her acting career appearing in various minor roles in television and films, including as Cordy Han in ten episodes of Days of Our Lives, as a Hooters girl in the 2007 comedy IÂ Now Pronounce You Chuck and Larry, and in episodes of CSI: NY and Veronica Mars.

In 2008 she got her first major role, as the series lead in the ABC Family miniseries Samurai Girl.[14]

She later had supporting roles in the 2009 feature films Sorority Row and Dragonball Evolution, in the latter as Goku's love interest, Chi Chi, as well as the lead role in one of the segments of the movie Burning Palms. Chung later went to star in the Disney Channel TV movie, Princess Protection Program which co-starred Demi Lovato and Selena Gomez. She appeared in 2010 film Grown Ups and had a supporting role in the 2012 martial arts film The Man with the Iron Fists.

In 2011, she provided the voice of Aimi Yoshida in the video game X-Men: Destiny.[15] She also co-starred in Sin City: A Dame to Kill For, released in August 2014.

Chung gained her first major feature film role in the 2012 film Premium Rush, directed by David Koepp.[16] That same year, she starred as the lead in the independent film Eden, in which she played a Korean American girl abducted and coerced into prostitution by American human traffickers. Since 2012, she has appeared in the recurring role of Mulan in the television series Once Upon a Time.[17]

In 2014, she provided the voice of GoGo Tomago in the animated Disney film Big Hero 6,[18] which won the Academy Award for Best Animated Feature.[19]

Chung and her then-fiance, Bryan Greenberg, co-starred together as a couple who meet in Hong Kong in the film Already Tomorrow in Hong Kong, which was released in February 2015.

Chung will reprise her role of GoGo Tomago in the upcoming Big Hero 6: The Series on Disney XD.[20]

In March 2016, Chung was cast as attorney Lana Harris, the "alpha female" in the one-hour legal drama Miranda's Rights,[20] but the series was not picked up by NBC after the pilot episode.

In 2017, Chung was cast as Blink in the Fox superhero series The Gifted. She portrays a younger version of the character played by Fan Bingbing in the 2014 feature film X-Men: Days of Future Past. Of her character, Chung said "Blink doesn't want to be a hero, she grew up in a world where people are bullied for being mutants" and added that she is "not at her full capacity yet" like Bingbing's version [21]. Chung talked about how she enjoys talking about the limitations of her character's powers with the writers and teased that Blink would become more akin to the character fans know from the Exiles comics as the first season progresses[22].

Chung is an avid follower of the fashion industry who shares her experiences and advice related to food, travel and other related topics at her blog, What the Chung?[23][24]

Chung won the Female Stars of Tomorrow Award at the 2009 ShoWest industry trade show along with her Sorority Row castmates.[25]

In 2013, Chung moved to Manhattan.[26]

Chung began dating actor/musician Bryan Greenberg in early 2012. They became engaged in December 2013. During a visit to Chung's hometown of San Francisco, Greenberg proposed to Chung by singing a song he wrote.[23][27] They were married in October 2015 at the El Capitan Canyon resort in Santa Barbara, California. The wedding was a three-day celebration consisting of a welcome dinner on Halloween Eve in which guests were required to wear costumes, followed by a wedding ceremony on October 31 in which Chung and Greenberg exchanged non-denominational vows.[23][28]


where was the clean bandit i miss you video filmed

The self-directed music video, filmed in both the United Kingdom and a desert in Los Angeles, sees the ensemble, all dressed in red, dancing around, intercut with landscape shots.[11] Chatto described the filming process as "very special". She added: "We got to know each other better in the blazing heat, we experimented with special effects and train tracks."[5] Jack Patterson said that he was "desperately trying to finish [the music video] in time to go on tour".[12]

I Miss You (Clean Bandit song)

"I Miss You" is a song by British electronic music group Clean Bandit, featuring vocals from American singer and songwriter Julia Michaels. It was written by Michaels, Jack Patterson and Grace Chatto, with production handled by the latter two and Mark Ralph. The song was released to digital retailers on 27 October 2017, as the fifth single from Clean Bandit's upcoming second studio album.

On 16 October 2017, Clean Bandit first announced the song and its release date on social media, along with the single cover and a pre-order set up on streaming services.[1][2] Shortly afterwards, Michaels revealed on Twitter that she "wrote ['I Miss You'] at the height of an emotional roller coaster. When I was stuck at the top, this flew out of me." On 18 October 2017, the group posted the first snippet of the song on social media, in which Michaels' layered voice can be heard "singing the melody over a piano piece".[3] Michaels later confirmed via a tweet that she wrote the song while Jack Patterson was playing the piano.[4] Chatto spoke to Billboard on the meaning behind the track, saying: "It's a simple song, about the unbelievable pain of breaking up with someone you love."[5] She also regarded "Sorry", a highly successful song co-written by Michaels, as one of her favorites of all time, calling working with Michaels "a real honour".[6]

Allison Stubblebine of Billboard described the song as "packed with the bright symphonic elements synonymous with any Clean Bandit project".[5] James Cabooter and Sam Mayers of Daily Star called the song "mellower".[6] Lucas Villa of AXS deemed the song "a beautiful mix of melancholy and melody in Michaels' hands".[7] Music News Desk of Broadway World praised the group for returning with "a sentimental, tear-jerking smash", calling it "one of the band's most inspired songs to date".[8] Mike Wass of Idolator called it "a sublime banger that packs an emotional punch", praising Clean Bandit for providing "faultless, intricate, multi-layered production", as well as "introducing some Asian sounds into the mix without it sounding forced or gimmicky".[9] Erik of EDM Sauce felt "the track has a distinct vibe that is reminiscent of both Kygo and Jack Ü's work with Justin Bieber", and concluded by regarding the song as a "largely forgettable" release from the group.[10]

Credits adapted from Tidal.[13]

*sales figures based on certification alone
^shipments figures based on certification alone
sales+streaming figures based on certification alone


when did 4th generation intel processors come out

Haswell is the codename for a processor microarchitecture developed by Intel as the "fourth-generation core" successor to the Ivy Bridge microarchitecture.[1]  Intel officially announced CPUs based on this microarchitecture on June 4, 2013 at Computex Taipei 2013,[2] while a working Haswell chip was demonstrated at the 2011 Intel Developer Forum.[3]  With Haswell, which uses a 22 nm process,[4] Intel also introduced low-power processors designed for convertible or "hybrid" ultrabooks, designated by the "Y" suffix.

Haswell (microarchitecture)

Haswell CPUs are used in conjunction with the Intel 8 Series chipsets, Intel 9 Series chipsets, and Intel C220 series chipsets.

The Haswell architecture is specifically designed[5] to optimize the power savings and performance benefits from the move to FinFET (non-planar, "3D") transistors on the improved 22Â nm process node.[6]

Haswell has been launched in three major forms:[7]

Compared to Ivy Bridge:

Around the middle of 2014, Intel released a refresh of Haswell, simply titled Haswell Refresh.   When compared to the original Haswell CPUs lineup, Haswell Refresh CPUs offer a modest increase in clock frequencies, usually  of 100 MHz.[74]  Haswell Refresh CPUs are supported by Intel's 9 Series chipsets (Z97 and H97, codenamed Wildcat Point), while motherboards with 8 Series chipsets (codenamed Lynx Point) usually require a BIOS update to support Haswell Refresh CPUs.[75]

The CPUs codenamed Devil's Canyon, covering the i5 and i7 K-series SKUs, employ a new and improved thermal interface material (TIM) called next-generation polymer thermal interface material (NGPTIM).  This improved TIM reduces the CPU's operating temperatures and improves the overclocking potential, as something that had been problematic since the introduction of Ivy Bridge.[76] Other changes for the Devil's Canyon CPUs include a TDP increase to 88Â W, additional decoupling capacitors to help smooth out the outputs from the fully integrated voltage regulator (FIVR), and support for the VT-d that was previously limited to non-K-series SKUs.[77] TSX was another feature brought over from the non-K-series SKUs, until August 2014 when a microcode update disabled TSX due to a bug that was discovered in its implementation.[35][36]

The following table lists available desktop processors.

SKU suffixes to denote:

The first digit of the model number designates the largest supported multi-socket configuration; thus, E5-26xx v3 models support up to dual-socket configurations, while the E7-48xx v3 and E7-88xx v3 models support up to quad- and eight-socket configurations, respectively.  Also, E5-16xx/26xx v3 and E7-48xx/88xx v3 models have no integrated GPU.

Lists of launched server processors are below, split between Haswell E3-12xx v3, E5-16xx/26xx v3 and E7-48xx/88xx v3 models.

SKU suffixes to denote:

The following table lists available mobile processors.

SKU suffixes to denote:


when did the caribbean monk seal become extinct

The Caribbean monk seal, West Indian seal or sea wolf (as early explorers referred to it), Neomonachus tropicalis, was a species of seal native to the Caribbean and is now believed to be extinct. The Caribbean monk seals' main predators were sharks and humans.[2] Overhunting of the seals for oil, and overfishing of their food sources, are the established reasons for the seals' extinction.[2] The last confirmed sighting of the Caribbean Monk Seal was in 1952 at Serranilla Bank, between Jamaica and Nicaragua.[3] In 2008, the species was officially declared extinct in the United States after an exhaustive search for the seals which lasted for about five years. This analysis was conducted by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration and the National Marine Fisheries Service.[4] Caribbean monk seals were closely related to the Hawaiian monk seals, which live around the Hawaiian Islands and are now endangered, and Mediterranean monk seals, another endangered species. [5][6]

Caribbean monk seal

Monachus tropicalis (Gray, 1850)[1]
Phoca tropicalis Gray, 1850[1]

Caribbean monk seals had a relatively large, long, robust body, could grow to nearly 2.4 metres (8 ft) in length and weighed 170 to 270 kilograms (375 to 600 lb). Males were probably slightly larger than females, which is similar to Mediterranean monk seals. Like other monk seals, this species had a distinctive head and face. The head was rounded with an extended broad muzzle. The face had relatively large wide-spaced eyes, upward opening nostrils, and fairly big whisker pads with long light-colored and smooth whiskers. When compared to the body, the animal's foreflippers were relatively short with little claws and the hindflippers were slender. Their coloration was brownish and/or grayish, with the underside lighter than the dorsal area. Adults were darker than the more paler and yellowish younger seals. Caribbean monk seals were also known to have algae growing on their pelage, giving them a slightly greenish appearance, which is similar to Hawaiian monk seals.[7]

Historical records suggest that this species may have "hauled out" at sites (resting areas on land) in large social groups (typically 20-40 animals) of up to 100 individuals throughout its range.[8] The groups may have been organised based on age and life stage differences. Their diet most likely consisted of fish and crustaceans.

Like other true seals, the Caribbean monk seal was sluggish on land. Its lack of fear of humans and an unaggressive and curious nature also contributed to its demise.

Caribbean monk seals had a long pupping season, which is typical for pinnipeds living in subtropical and tropical habitats. In Mexico, breeding season peaked in early December. Like other monk seals, this species had four retractable nipples for suckling their young. Newborn pups were probably about 1 metre (3 ft 3 in) in length and weighed 16 to 18 kilograms (35 to 40 lb) and reportedly had a sleek, black lanugo coat when born.[8] It is believed this animal's average lifespan was approximately twenty years.

Caribbean monk seals were found in warm temperate, subtropical and tropical waters of the Caribbean Sea, Gulf of Mexico, and the western Atlantic Ocean. They probably preferred to haul out at sites (low sandy beaches above high tide) on isolated and secluded atolls and islands, but occasionally would visit the mainland coasts and deeper waters offshore. This species may have been in shallow lagoons and reefs.[9]

The first historical mention of the Caribbean monk seal is recorded in the account of the second voyage of Christopher Columbus. In August 1494 a ship laid anchor off the mostly barren island of Alta Velo, south of Hispaniola, the party of men went and killed eight seals (Sea Wolves) that were resting on the beach.[10] The second recorded interaction with Caribbean monk seals was Juan Ponce de León’s discovery of the Dry Tortugas Islands. On June 21, 1513 Ponce de León discovered the islands, he ordered a foraging party to go ashore, where the men killed fourteen of the docile seals.[11] There are several more records throughout the colonial period of seals being discovered and hunted at Guadelupe, the Alacrane Islands, the Bahamas, the Pedro Cays, and Cuba.[2] As early as 1688 sugar plantations owners sent out hunting parties to kill hundreds of seals every night in order to obtain oil to lubricate the plantations machinery.[12] A 1707 account describes fisherman slaughtering seals by the hundreds for oil to fuel their lamps.[2] By 1850 so many seals had been killed that there were no longer sufficient numbers for them to be commercially hunted.[12]

In the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, scientific expeditions to the Caribbean encountered the Caribbean monk seal. In December 1886 the first recorded scientific expedition, to research seals, led by H. A. Ward and Professor F. Ferrari Perez as part of the Mexican Geographical and Exploring Survey, ventured to a small collection of reefs and a small cay known as the triangles (20.95° N 92.23° W) in search of Monachus tropicalis (=Neomonachus tropicalis).[13] Although the research expedition was in the area for only four days, forty-two specimens were killed and taken away; the two leaders of the expedition shared them.[13] Two specimens from this encounter survive intact at the British Museum of Natural History and the Cambridge Zoological Museum respectively.[2] The expedition also captured a newly born seal pup that died in captivity a week later.[13]

The first Caribbean monk seal to live in captivity for an extended period was a female seal that lived in The New York Aquarium.[14] The seal was captured in 1897 and died in 1903, living in captivity for a total of five and one-half years.[14] In 1909 The New York Aquarium acquired four Caribbean monk seals, three of which were yearlings (between one and two years old), and the other a mature male.[15]

Through the first half of the twentieth century, Caribbean monk seal sightings became much rarer. In 1908 a small group of seals was seen at the once bustling Tortugas Islands.[11] Fishermen captured six seals in 1915, which were sent to Pensacola, Florida, and eventually released.[16] A seal was killed near Key West, Florida in March 1922.[17] There were sightings of Caribbean monk seals on the Texas coast in 1926 and 1932.[18] The last seal recorded to be killed by humans was killed on the Pedro Cays in 1939.[19] Two more seals were seen on Drunken Mans Cay, just south of Kingston, Jamaica, in November 1949.[2] In 1952 the Caribbean monk seal was confirmed sighted for the last time at Serranilla Bank, between Jamaica and Nicaragua.[3]

The final extinction of the Caribbean monk seal was triggered by two main factors. The most visible factor contributing to the Caribbean monk seals' demise was the nonstop hunting and killing of the seals in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries to obtain the oil held within their blubber.[20] The insatiable demand for seal products in the Caribbean encouraged hunters to slaughter the Caribbean monk seals by the hundreds.[21] The Caribbean monk seals' docile nature and lack of flight instinct in the presence of humans made it very easy for anyone who wanted to kill one to do so.[13] The second factor was the overfishing of the reefs that sustained the Caribbean monk seal population. With no fish or mollusks to feed on, the seals that were not killed by hunters for oil died of starvation or did not reproduce as a result of an absence of food.[22] Surprisingly little was done towards attempting to save the Caribbean monk seal; by the time it was placed on the endangered species list in 1967 it was likely already extinct.[20]

Unconfirmed sightings of Caribbean monk seals by local fishermen and divers are relatively common in Haiti and Jamaica, but two recent scientific expeditions failed to find any sign of this animal. It is possible the mammal still exists, but some biologists strongly believe the sightings are of wandering hooded seals, which have been positively identified on archipelagos such as Puerto Rico and the Virgin Islands. On April 22, 2009, The History Channel aired an episode of Monster Quest, which hypothesized an unidentified sea creature videotaped in the Intracoastal Waterway of Florida's southeastern coast could possibly be the extinct Caribbean monk seal. No conclusive evidence has yet emerged in support of this contention, and opposing hypotheses asserted the creature was simply a misidentified West Indian manatee, common to the area.