what is guard of honor in la liga

In recent years, association football teams have shown their respect to teams in their own division which have already won their league title at the end of the season with games to spare by forming a guard of honour onto or off the pitch for their players.[50] The applauding team forms two lines to make a corridor and the league winners pass through the corridor, generally in single file. The guard of honour is in some instances considered good form to perform but is not considered compulsory and teams may opt not to provide one, as especially tends to happen between teams considered particularly bitter rivals.[51]

Guard of honour

A guard of honour (en-GB), guard of honor (en-US), also honour guard (en-GB), honor guard (en-US), also ceremonial guard, is a guard, usually military in nature, appointed to receive or guard a head of state or other dignitary, the fallen in war, or to attend at state ceremonials, especially funerals. In military weddings, especially those of commissioned officers, a guard, composed usually of service members of the same branch, form the Saber arch. In principle any military unit could act as a guard of honour. However, in some countries certain units are specially designated for guard of honour duty.

Guards of Honour also serve in the civilian world for fallen police officers and other civil servants. Certain religious bodies, especially Churches of the Anglican Communion and the Methodist movement, have the tradition of an Honour Guard at the funeral of an ordained elder, in which all other ordained elders present "guard the line" between the door of the church and the grave, or hearse if the deceased is to be buried elsewhere or cremated.[1] The practice of providing a guard of honour as a mark of respect also occurs in sports, especially throughout the Commonwealth of Nations.

The guard of honour unit in South Africa is the State Presidents Guard (Staatspresidentseenheid) until 1990.[2] The unit has been replaced by the National Ceremonial Guard in the South African National Defence Force.

The National Ceremonial Guard at the opening of 17th World Festival of Youth and Students.

The Canadian guard of honour is formed from members of the Ceremonial Guard, an ad hoc unit drawn from all branches of the Canadian Forces (CF). Although the unit's members are derived from a variety of military units, the Ceremonial Guard uses similar uniforms to Canada's two Foot Guards regiments as a reflection of their traditional connection with those regiments.[3] The unit comprises 400 people, including a Foot Guard company and the Band of the Ceremonial Guard. The Ceremonial Guard typically execute public duties in Ottawa during the summer months of the year. The Guard is mounted on dates such as Canada Day and Remembrance Day, inspected by the most senior dignitary in attendance. They may also be formed for repatriation ceremonies for fallen soldiers returning from combat. Public duties in Ottawa were performed by the Canadian Guards before the unit's disbandment in 1970.[4]

Prior to 2007, membership with the Ceremonial Guard was restricted to the Foot Guards of the Canadian Army. The Household Division of the Canadian Army had traditionally performed ceremonial duties, such as guard mounting or Trooping the Colour. The Household Division consists of two regiments of Foot Guards (the Canadian Grenadier Guards and the Governor General's Foot Guards) as well as one cavalry regiment (the Governor General's Horse Guards). Several other Canadian Army regimental units have also performed guard of honour duties, including the Royal 22nd Regiment, these units are active in events such as royal and state visits, national and provincial celebrations, state, military and civil funerals and ceremonies related to the work of the entire Armed Forces. Alongside these are detachments made up for ceremonial duties from both the Royal Canadian Navy and the Royal Canadian Air Force.

The Honour Guard in Mexico consists of members selected from the Navy, Army or Air Force, and report to the Secretariats of National Defense and the Navy, while the Estado Mayor Presidencial maintains, through the Army Presidential Guards Corps, a dedicated guards brigade. Some of their duties include protection of the Mexican flag in Zocalo, and the raising and lowering of it, as well as providing ceremonial guards during state visits to Mexico. There are also those selected from other organizations, such as historic societies, schools, sports centers, celebrities, etc., but these are for national holiday events within the country.  Escolta de la bandera or Escolta de guerra or Escolta de honores or simply La escolta is the term in Spanish for color guards and flag parties.

Each uniformed service branch in the U.S. Armed Forces has its own official honour guard: Army,[5] Marines,[6] Navy,[7] Air Force,[8] and Coast Guard.[9] Most state national guard units have a ceremonial guard as well. The official honour guard of every branch is located in the National Capital Region, though nearly every military installation will have its own honour guard for local ceremonies and events. The honour guard units in National Capital Region represent the military as a whole and the United States as a nation, and perform numerous ceremonies on behalf of the President of the United States. Since World War II, The Old Guard has served as the official Army Honor Guard and escort to the President, and it also provides security for Washington, D.C., in time of national emergency or civil disturbance.[10]

Arlington National Cemetery's Tomb of the Unknowns is guarded by members of the U.S. 3rd Infantry Regiment (The Old Guard).[11]

Many local, state/provincial, national and federal public safety agencies maintain Honour Guards, Pipes & Drums and Buglers, including fire departments, law enforcement agencies, emergency medical services, and search and rescue, who typically use adaptations of military honour guards, and honour those who die in the line of duty (LODD-Line of Duty Death), off-duty but still on the job, and retirees, as well as participating in support of other agencies, and parades. Some Law Enforcement agencies are able to maintain a Rifle Team for 'three volley' salutes. Most, even those within major career paid agencies, are not paid for performing and preparing for the honor guard duty.[citation needed]

Two soldiers from the Canadian Grenadier Guards posted outside Rideau Hall, the official residence of the Canadian monarch and the Governor General of Canada.

The Mayor of Quebec City, Andrée P. Boucher inspecting a guard of honour of the Canadian Royal 22nd Regiment.

The Canadian Grenadier Guards mounting the guard of honour at the funeral of Ernest "Smokey" Smith in Ottawa, Ontario.

Inspection of the guard of honour, made up of the Governor General's Foot Guards during the Duke and Duchess of Cambridge's 2011 royal tour of Canada.

Canadian Prime Minister Justin Trudeau inspecting the Mexican guard of honor during his visit to Mexico in 2016.

A sentry at the Tomb of the Unknown Soldier at Arlington National Cemetery.

Israeli Prime Minister Ehud Barak (right) is escorted by Commander of Troops Col. Thomas M. Jordan (center), U.S. Army, and Secretary of Defense William S. Cohen (left) as Barak inspects the joint honor guard during an arrival ceremony at the Pentagon on July 16, 1999.

A ceremonial guardsman from the United States Air Force Honor Guard presents arms to honor U.S. Foreign Service members killed during attacks to the U.S. consulate 2012, in Benghazi, Libya.

Regiment of Mounted Grenadiers (Argentina). Still serving as part of the Argentine Army, they are the presidential guard and ceremonial companions. Two unmounted grenadiers are stationed in front of the Pink House as a symbol of the ceremonial and honour guard.

The Brazilian armed forces and police have several troops for ceremonial usages. The most important of them is the Brazilian president's honour guard. It is composed of the 1st Guards Cavalry Regiment (1o Regimento de Cavalaria de Guardas – RCG, in Portuguese) – "Independence Dragoons", the Presidential Guard Battalion (Batalhão da Guarda Presidencial – BGP, in Portuguese) and the Cayenne Battery.

The 37th Infantry Presidential Guard Battalion, composed of five companies, a historical company and one artillery battery plus a military band, a fanfare trumpet section and Corps of Drums, is the President of Colombia's honour guard service regiment under the National Army of Colombia. It is stationed at the Casa de Nariño in Bogota and carries the traditions of Simon Bolivar's infantry guards company raised in the midst of the Spanish American wars of independence in 1815.[12]

The Presidential Honor Guard Brigade is the joint service military unit mandated to ensure the immediate security of the President of Venezuela and his First Family and for the performance of public duties in the most important places in the country. The most distant antecedents of the Presidential Honor Guard go back to the Hussars Troop of Simon Bolivar, of the Venezuelan War of Independence and of the larger Spanish American wars of independence, raised in June 1815 and part of a more bigger guards brigade targeted for the immediate security of the Liberator, and the early 20th century 1st Cavalry Regiment "Ambrosio Plaza" that until the 1950s, albelt reduced to squadron size, provided the ceremonial security of the President and was modeled on the Prussian horse guards units of the late 19th century. The modern brigade serves as a ceremonial escort to the President of Venezuela at Miraflores Palace and attends all state arrival ceremonies conducted there, as well as providing security for the palace complex. The brigade also provides honor guards (i) at the Tomb of the Unknown Soldier at Carabobo Field, Carabobo commemorating the memory of national heroes and the fallen of the Battle of Carabobo of 1821, (ii) at the Montana Barracks in Caracas in memory of the late Hugo Chávez; and (iii) at the National Pantheon in Caracas in memory of Bolívar and other national heroes buried there. The brigade also performs public duties functions as required. Brigade personnel come from all branches of the National Bolivarian Armed Forces of Venezuela and public security services. The brigade is commanded by a general or flag officer and includes a Presidential mounted escort of platoon or troop size.

Aside from the PHGB, there are two foot guards battalions in the NBAF, each also tasked with forming guards of honour and public duties:

Mounted Grenadiers of "San Martín", for the Russian Prime Minister Mikhail Fradkov's arrival, San Martín Square, Buenos Aires.

Cayenne Battery at Independence Day military parade, Brasília.

A Soldier of the Military Engineers Battalion of the Presidential Guard.

Honour guards, as known as Combined Honour Guard of the People's Liberation Army, are provided by the Beijing Capital Garrison Command in Beijing, under the Central Theater Command and reporting directly to the General Staff. They marched as the first battalion in the military parade of the 35th, 50th, and 60th anniversaries of the People's Republic of China. They are often on parades led by a color guard detail carrying the PLA flag.

In India, the Tri-Services Guard of Honour is made up of men or women drawn from three services of the Indian military: the Indian Army, Indian Air Force, and Indian Navy. It is based at New Delhi and is of company size, present only during state visits. In January 2015, during Barack Obama's state visit to India, Wing Commander Pooja Thakur became the first female officer to lead the guard of honour for a foreign leader.[13]

In Indonesia the unit institutionally intended to act as an honour guard for the President of Indonesia and towards foreign state visitors is the Paspampres, a special branch of the Indonesian National Armed Forces. The Paspampres are responsible for the security of the President and vice president and are also responsible for the internal security of the Residence of the President. In addition to the Paspampres, there are other honour units known as Pasukan Jajar Kehormatan chosen from the different units within the Indonesian Armed Forces and Police force, specifically for representation purposes.

During the ceremony commemorating the independence day of Indonesia in the Merdeka Palace at every 17th of August, honour guards which line-up during the ceremony are part of the combined-forces honour guard which includes the Army, Navy, Air Force, and Police force. In Jakarta, the Paspampres Group A honour guards in this occasion join the Paskibraka troops for escorting the national flag of Indonesia. The same format is seen in other flag raising ceremonies nationwide, wherein Armed Forces and Police personnel pre-selected escort the lower-level Paskibraka units in the provinces, regencies, cities and district-level subdivisions.

The National Guard of Kyrgyzstan carries out official representative functions on behalf of the Armed Forces of the Kyrgyz Republic. The guard of honor is formed from the 701st Military Unit of the National Guard. The National Guard stands at attention at the National Flagpole on Ala-Too Square in Bishkek, and has been  performing the changing of the guard ceremony every hour since August 16, 1998.[14][15]

The guard of honour in Malaysia usually consists of the 1st Battalion, Royal Malay Regiment, which performs most ceremonial duties in Malaysia, such as Heroes' Day, visitation of diplomats and state leaders, National Day, guard duties at the Royal Palace of Malaysia, and many more, in the national level. The RMR also mounts the guard during state visits to the Ministry of Defense.

State level guards of honour are mounted by the following units aside from the Royal Malay Regiment, which is also the guard of honour for the states of Kedah, Perak, Selangor and Pahang:

Units of the Royal Malaysia Police in Melaka, Penang, Sabah and Sarawak, as well as the Royal Malay Regiment and the Royal Rangers, mount guards of honour of the governors of these states. Guard of honour units are also found in the Royal Malaysia Police, The People's Volunteer Corps, the Fire and Rescue Department, and the Malaysia Civil Defence Force.

Honour guards units of the Royal Malaysian Navy (RMN Honour Guard Battalion, Lumut) and the Royal Malaysian Air Force (RMAF Honour Guard Battalion or the RMAF College) are mounted in the presence of the Sultan of Selangor and the Sultan of Pahang, respectively, in events where each of the two service branches are involved. Visits to the MoD building by naval and air general and flag officers are also accompanied by the guard of honour units of these services.

In Nepal, the Guard of honour is formed from special troops from Nepalese Army. It is mainly given to the President of Nepal and the Prime Minister of Nepal. Foreign Heads of State also receives the Guard of Honour. Formerly, Guard of honour were given in Tribhuwan International Airport premises but since 2018, Government of Nepal changed the venue to Tundikhel. The first foreign state head to receive the Guard of honour at Tundikhel was Pakistan Prime Minister Shahid Khaqan Abbasi during his visits to Nepal in March 2018.

In Pakistan, the guard of honour is provided by men drawn from three services of the Pakistan Armed Forces: The Pakistan Army, Pakistan Air Force, and the Pakistan Navy. A tri-service guard of honor company is stationed in Islamabad, the national capital, for services in state visits and important national holidays.

The Presidential Security Group provide honour guard services to the President of the Philippines in Malacañang Palace, especially during state visits to the country. The PSG is the only presidential guard service in Asia that is composed of men and women from the various uniformed organizations of the Philippines: the Armed Forces of the Philippines, the Philippine National Police, the Bureau of Fire Protection and the Philippine Coast Guard.

The AFP has 5 designated honour guard battalions mandated for public duties for events concerning the Armed Forces. They are:

Honour Guard units are also present in the PNP and the PCG, and are mounted on important occasions of these two services.

The Guards-of-Honour (GOH) of Singapore are specially formed from all three services of the Singapore Armed Forces (SAF), namely, the Singapore Army (usually comprising personnel from the sole SAF Commando Formation unit, the 1st Commando Battalion), the Republic of Singapore Navy (RSN) and the Republic of Singapore Air Force (RSAF), together with the Singapore Police Force (SPF), which are positioned at the forefront of major parades and significant state events, such as the country's National Day on the 9th of August. They are dressed in ceremonial attire (known as the No. 1 uniform), which, based on the unit's origin (the sole exception being the Navy), have various colours imbued on a thin strip running down the outer-sides of the pants (red for the Army, light-blue for the Air Force and black for the Police) and different and unique badges, medals, awards and buttons, and will be equipped with SAR-21 assault rifles which have bayonets attached to them. These GOH units will typically be contrasted by at least one or more contingents of their fellow troops and men in their regular uniform (the No. 4 uniform for the SAF units and the No. 3 uniform for the SPF unit).

For state-visits and other important ceremonial duties within the Istana compounds, the guard-of-honour group that is formed and mounted is provided by personnel from the Singapore Armed Forces Military Police Command.

South Korea operates several honour guards - one each from the Republic of Korea Army, Republic of Korea Navy, Republic of Korea Air Force and Republic of Korea Marine Corps, along with a traditional honour guard unit that is made up of soldiers from the 3rd Infantry Division. The traditional guard in particular was founded in 1991 after president Roh Tae-woo reviewed The Old Guard of the United States. Since then the traditional honour guards have taken the role of officially welcoming heads of state and other dignitaries. Roles of the honour guards as a whole include funeral honours for the fallen, ensuring the security of various military headquarters, and acting as ceremonial guards to Gyeongbok Palace.

For ceremonial purposes the guards carry various rifles - the Army, Navy and Air Force carry the M16 rifle; the Marine Corps carry M1 Garands and the traditional guards carry ceremonial swords, arrows, spears and lances, keeping with the traditions of the Korean military and as a tribute to the guards units of the Imperial era. Their colour guards also reflect these influences as well. While the service guards units maintain their respective military bands based on the US and UK practices, the traditional guard unit also contains a Daechwita, a form of military band playing Korean traditional music for military ceremonies and events, and as such wears uniforms used by similar ensembles in the 19th century.

In Sri Lanka, the guard of honour is provided by men drawn from three services of the Sri Lankan Armed Forces. The Sri Lanka Army, the Sri Lanka Navy, and the Sri Lanka Air Force. During the colonial era, the Lascarins provided the local guards of honour, apart from British Army, British Indian Army, or Ceylon Defence Force personal.

In the Republic of China, the honour guard is provided by members from the three service branches of the Republic of China Armed Forces, including the ROC Army, ROC Navy and the ROC Air Force, usually present at the places as follows:

The National Day honour guard battalion is also made up of personnel of the honor guards companies of the aformentioned branches.

In Tajikistan, the guard of honour battalion is provided by men drawn from the four services of the Armed Forces of the Republic of Tajikistan: The National Army, Mobile Forces, Air Force, and the border. The Presidential National Guard also has its own guard of honor battalion.

Until its 2016 disbandment, the Presidential Guard Regiment of Turkey acted as an honour guard regiment of the Turkish Armed Forces.[16]

Ceremonial duties are usually served by the Independent Honor Guard Battalion of the Ministry of Defence. The battalion is the first division on Independence Square in the annual Independence Day Parade.[17] They also greet foreign leaders visiting Turkmenistan, as well as the Guard the National Museum of Turkmenistan.[18]

Two honour guard units fall under the People's Army of Vietnam:

The Azerbaijani National Guard.

Chinese honour guard in column (Beijing Capital Garrison Honour Guard Battalion).

Barack Obama inspects the Tri-Service Honor Guard in New Delhi in 2015.

Brazilian President Lula da Silva at the Rashtrapati Bhavan receives a guard of honour ceremony from members of IAF.

Paspampres Honour Guards of Indonesia.

Honor guard at Mausoleum of Ruhollah Khomeini.

The Republican Guard of Kazakhstan.

The honor guard of the National Guard standing at attention on Ala-Too Square.

The Guard of Honour and marching band of the Royal Malay Regiment during Hari Merdeka celebrations in 2013.

A Pakistani Honour Guard prepares for the arrival of U.S. Defense Secretary Robert M. Gates at the Army's Martyr's Monument.

US Navy Admiral Mike Mullen (pictured in the center), the chairman of the US Joint Chiefs of Staff, reviewing the honour-guard of the Singapore Armed Forces during a welcoming ceremony at the Istana.

The Korean honour guard from the 3rd Infantry Division welcomes U.S. Secretary of State John Kerry at the Seoul Airbase.

Honour guards of Republic of China (Taiwan) Armed Forces at the Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hall in Taipei.

Members of the Presidential National Guard.

Dmitry Medvedev and Emomali Rahmon inspecting th honour guard company of the Tajik Defense Ministry.

Turkish Presidential Guard Regiment during a parade.

Members of the battalion during a parade in 2011.

Changing of the guards at the Ho Chi Minh Mausoleum.

The Honor Guard Company of the Military Commandant's Office of the Armed Forces of Belarus is the primary honour guard company of the Republic of Belarus.

National Guards Unit (Bulgarian: Национална гвардейска част), established 1878, includes military units for army salute ceremonials, a band and a wind orchestra. In 2001 the National Guards Unit was declared the official military unit representing the Bulgarian Army and one of the symbols of modern state authority along with the flag, the coat of arms and the national anthem.[21]

In Croatia, the Honour Guard Battalion (Croatian: Počasno-zaštitna bojna) serves as the guard of honour. The Honour Guard Battalion performs protocol tasks for the needs of top-level state and military officials, as well as tasks related to the protection and security of the Commander-in-Chief (President of the Republic of Croatia). It consist of up to 300 members. The unit is under direct command of the General Staff of the Armed Forces of the Republic of Croatia.[22]

Ceremonial duties are usually served by the Castle Guard, a special unit of the armed forces of the Czech Republic, organized under the Military Office of the President of the Czech Republic, directly subordinate to the President of the Republic.

The Royal Life Guards is an infantry regiment of the Danish Army. It serves in two roles: as a front line combat unit, and as a guard/ceremonial unit to the Danish monarchy. Danish Amalienborg palace is guarded by this unit day and night.

The Republican Guard of the National Gendarmerie provides both foot and horse-mounted guards of honour.

The primary mission of the Wachbataillon is to perform the military honours for the German Federal President, Federal Chancellor, Federal Minister of Defense and the Inspector General of the Bundeswehr during state visits or on similar occasions. In addition, the Wachbataillon takes part in military events and ceremonies of major importance. A secondary mission is to perform ceremonial guard duty at the Ministry of Defense and other high-profile public places, and protect and guard the members of the German government and the Ministry of Defense.

The GDR's Friedrich Engels Guard Regiment was the primary honour guard regiment of East Germany.

In Greece, the Presidential Guard is a unit of the Greek Army guarding the Tomb of the Unknown Soldier and the Presidential Palace. Its members, known as Evzones, must be taller than 1.85m and are trained hard as their duty includes standing completely still for more than an hour 4 times a day. They are famous for their military discipline, the ability to stand motionless without even blinking, their stylish walking and the uniform which derives from traditional Greek dress.

The Honour Guard in Hungary was the HDF 32nd Budapest Guard and Ceremonial Regiment (Hungarian: MH 32. Budapest Őr- és Díszezred) until 31 December 2006, at which time it was disbanded. From 1 January 2007 was the Ceremonial Battalion branch, part of the MH Támogató Dandár (MH TD, HDF Support Brigade) until 31 December 2010. Converted from 1 January 2011 to Nemzeti Honvéd Díszegység (National Home Defense Ceremonial Band) as part of the MH TD and achieved the service from 25 April.[23][24] The official honour guard of the Hungarian People's Republic was the Hungarian People's Army's 7015th Ceremonial Regiment (Hungarian: Magyar Néphadsereg 7015 Dísz -és őrezred).[25][26][27]

In Ireland, a guard of honour is drawn from the Irish Army and is called 'Garda OnÃ³ra' in Irish. It is inspected by the President of Ireland, Taoiseach or visiting dignitaries.

In Italy the unit institutionally intended to act as an honour guard to the President of the Italian Republic is the Corazzieri Regiment, a special branch of the Carabinieri.[28] The Corazzieri follow the President during official occasions and are also partly responsible for the internal security of the Quirinal Palace. In addition to the Corazzieri, there are other honour units chosen from the different Armed Forces, specifically for representation purposes. These units have to stand guard at important places, such as the gates of the seats of the Chamber of Deputies and the Senate, at the Tomb of the Unknown Soldier in the Altar of the Homeland, and at the gates of the Quirinal Palace.

Example of honour units from the different Armed Forces are:

During state funerals, honour guards are granted to the departed by the protocol.[29] The guards are positioned at the entrance and the exit of the place in which the ceremony is held. Aside from the aforementioned services, honour guards are also found within the Guardia di Finanza, Polizia Penitenziaria and the Polizia di Stato. They perform the same duties mentioned above.

The Ceremonial Guard Battalion (Церемонијален гардански баталјон, Ceremonijalen gardanski bataljon) is part of the Army of the Republic of Macedonia which is mainly used for ceremonial purposes. It is the personal guard of the President of the Republic of Macedonia. The National Guard can be often seen near the presidential palace, during official visits of foreign presidents or delegations, ceremonies and during the days of the flag. In 2010 the Ministry of Defence proposed and designed new uniforms for the guards. Both, the old and the new uniforms, are based on the uniforms of the Internal Macedonian Revolutionary Organization (IMRO) revolutionaries with some details of the other periods of the history of the Republic of Macedonia. Influence over the new design were based on the uniform worn by Bulgarian[30][31][32] revolutionary Dedo Iljo Maleshevski and the uniforms of the 19th century Bulgarian Legion regiment which served in the Imperial Russian Army.[33]

The Honour Guards in Netherlands consists of two guard regiments, Garderegiment Grenadiers en Jagers & Garderegiment Fuseliers Prinses Irene, both from the Royal Netherlands Army.

Guard of honor detachments for public duties are present in the Royal Netherlands Navy and the Royal Netherlands Air Force.

The Honour Guard unit in Poland is the Pulk Reprezentacyjny Wojska Polskiego (Representative Honour Guard Regiment of the Polish Armed Forces), created on 30 March 2018 on the basis of the Representative Honor Guard Battalion.[34]

Also posted within its ranks is the Presidential Mounted Ceremonial Troop of the Armed Forces, which also acts as an honour guard and horse guard unit. Service branches of the Armed Forces, the Warsaw Garrison and other civil uniformed services all maintain honour guard units of their own.

The Brigada 30 Gardă „Mihai Viteazul” (Michael the Brave 30th Guards Brigade) of the Romanian Land Forces serves as the honour guard brigade of the Romanian Armed Forces. The brigade is present at ceremonial events and during visits from international officials. The Romanian Gendarmerie maintains an honour guard unit, called Unitatea Specială de Gardă de Onoare și Protecție Instituțională București (Bucharest Institutional Protection and Honour Guard Special Unit), and a horse guards troop acting during state ceremonies and celebrations of the service.

Russia's primary honour guard (Russian: Почётный караул, Pochotny kara-ul) is the Kremlin Regiment of the Federal Protective Service of the Russian Federation, established in 1936. The 154th Preobrazhensky Independent Commandant's Regiment, established in 1979, serves as the official representative honour guard regiment of the Russian Armed Forces and serves as the main honour guard unit of the armed forces.

Military districts and fleet formations of the Russian Navy also have their own honour guard companies. Examples of honour units from all three branches of the Armed Forces include:

The Russian Imperial Guards served as honour guards for the Russian Empire.

The Serbian Guards Unit is an elite unit within the Serbian Army, of brigade size, under the direct command of Serbian Armed Forces Chief of Staff. Its purpose to secure vital facilities of the defense system and performing military honours to highest foreign, domestic and military officials.

For the needs of Ministry of Defence and the Serbian Army General Staff, the Guard Unit performs tasks within the scope of the military police work and the tasks in the field of logistics and security. Guard continues the tradition of Serbian Guard units which is now almost two centuries long. The first Guard unit formed in Serbia was created on the order of Prince Milos Obrenovic on St. George Day in 1830 in Pozarevac. The Guard Unit also sports the official military band of the Serbian Armed Forces - the Guards Band.

Honour guard service is carried out by all units of the Swedish Armed Forces, although the Life Guards Regiment (Livgardet) in the Swedish Army accounts for the main part of honour guard services. The Royal Guards (HÃ¶gvakten) at the Stockholm Palace and the Drottningholm Palace is the honour guard to the King of Sweden. The service is carried out by the Life Guards as well as other units of the Swedish Armed Forces including the Home Guard and other voluntary defence organisations.[42]

The Grenadier company of the Life Guards is used as an honour guard at state visit welcoming ceremonies. A detachment of grenadiers is also used as honour guard at the opening of the Riksdag, when an incoming foreign ambassador meets with the King at an audience to present letters of credence and when the King attends an annual meeting of one of the Royal Academies.[43]

Drabantvakt ("Royal Bodyguard"), commonly known as Karl XI:s drabanter ("The Bodyguard of Charles XI") and Karl XII:s drabanter ("The Bodyguard of Charles XII") is a ceremonial guard used at state occasions such as state visits, investiture of a monarch, royal weddings and funerals etc. The guard was formed in 1860 based on historical royal bodyguards. The design of the uniforms of the guard is based on, but not identical to, uniforms used during the reign of Carles XI and Charles XII respectively. The guard consists of 24 soldiers and one officer selected from the Life Guards.[44]

A guard of honour is formed to present formal ceremonial compliments to royal or presidential dignitaries by a guard not exceeding 100 personnel (including three officers, one with a colour) with other particular distinguished individuals saluted by a guard not exceeding 50 personnel. A half guard is a colloquial term describing a guard of honour of not more than 50 personnel (including two officers, one with a colour).[45] A guard of honour could have a single service contingent (e.g. army) or it could be a tri service (inter-service) affair. The guard commander, after saluting the dignitary (usually head of state), marches up to him or her and escorts him or her to inspect the guard (soldiers in formation). During the salute, the national anthems of both the dignitary's country and the host country are usually played by a ceremonial band.

Only a standard, guidon, Queen's Colour, or a banner presented by either a member of the Royal Family or the governor-general may be carried by a royal guard of honour. Only a regimental colour or a banner presented by a personage other than a member of the Royal Family may be carried on a half guard of honour. A smaller unit honouring distinguished visitors at a military installation is known as a quarter guard. The commander is three paces in front of the second file from the right and accompanies the personage for whom the guard is mounted. An officer carrying the Colour stands three paces in front of the centre; if there is a third officer he will be three paces in front of the second file from the other flank.[46]

Units that traditionally perform ceremonial duties, such as Guard Mounting (changing of the Queen's Guard) or Trooping the Colour, are the five regiments of Foot Guards and the Household Cavalry (Blues and Royals and Life Guards), which form the Household Division. The Royal Air Force's ceremonial unit is the Queen's Colour Squadron. The British Armed Forces do not have dedicated ceremonial units, although some units such as the Scots Guards have a battalion designated to perform public duties. Generally, units from all three services not deployed overseas will rotate and share public duties at various major historic landmarks (e.g. royal palaces and castles) through the country.

The Queen's Guard is primarily made up of units from the Household Division for royal palaces and public monuments—namely Buckingham Palace, St James's Palace, Windsor Castle, and the Tower of London—and other units from all three services of the British Armed Forces filling in when not deployed; in Scotland, Holyrood Palace and Edinburgh Castle are usually the responsibility of Scottish regiments or units based in Edinburgh.[47] Occasionally units from Commonwealth militaries are given the honour.[48]

The Kiev Presidential Honor Guard Battalion is a guard unit of the Hetman Bohdan Khmelnytsky Independent Presidential Regiment.[49]

National Guards Unit of Bulgaria marching during the Bastille Day Military Parade 2007 in Paris.

Ceremonial dress of the Honour Guard Battalion of the Croatian Armed Forces.

A member of Czech Castle Guard.

Danish Royal Guards presenting arms at the Changing of the Guard ceremony, Amalienborg, Copenhagen.

The Republican Guard marching during a Bastille Day Parade in Paris in 2017.

The French Republican Guard guarding the presidential palace.

The Slovenian Prime Minister Alenka Bratušek inspecting a in Germany guard of honor together with German Chancellor Angela Merkel, in 2013.

The Presidential Guard.

The MH 32. Budapest Őr- és Díszezred welcome the President of the United States on 22 June 2006. Mounted hussars can be seen along the top.

Gen. Martin E. Dempsey, chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, reviews the Irish Honor Guard at Brugha Barracks in Dublin, Aug. 31, 2012.

Italian Corazzieri on parade, in high uniform and riding horses.

Corazzieri in the Quirinal palace.

The troops of the Latvian National Armed Forces Staff Battalion during the 2017 Kiev Independence Day Parade.

The honor guard company during the 2007 Bastille Day Parade.

A member of the Ceremonial Guard Battalion (in the middle). The soldier wears the old uniform.

Carabinier at the Prince's Palace in Monaco-Ville.

Romanian 30th Guard Regiment on parade during 1 December celebrations.

A guard at the Tomb of the Unknown Soldier (Moscow).

The Russian military honour guard from the 154th Commandant's Regiment welcomes U.S. Navy Adm. Mike Mullen at the Tomb of the Unknown Soldier.

The Khabarovsk Honour Guard in 2017.

A dragoon of the Life Guards Regiment posted outside the Stockholm Palace.

Grenadiers of the Life Guards Regiment forming a guard of honour at the opening of the Riksdag.

The Life Guards Regiment mounting the Royal Guards at the Stockholm Palace.

A sentry from an armoured regiment on guard outside the Stockholm Palace.

A sentry at Buckingham Palace.

Coldstream Guards performing the guard change at Windsor Castle.

Household Cavalry parading at Windsor Castle for the state visit of the Amir of Kuwait to the United Kingdom in 2012.

Ukrainian Minister of Defense, Oleksandr Kuzmuk, and US Secretary of Defense Donald H. Rumsfeld inspect the Ukrainian Guard of Honor in Kiev.

An detachment of the Pontifical Swiss Guard escorting U.S. President Barack Obama to an audience with Pope Francis in 2014.

The tri-service Federation Guard, consisting of members of the Australian Army, the Royal Australian Air Force and the Royal Australian Navy provides guards of honour for various ceremonies. All members of the guard are enlisted in their respective areas before volunteering for service in the guard. The rifle of choice is the L1A1 SLR.

U.S. President Barack Obama inspects Australia's Federation Guard at a guard of honour ceremony.

In cricket, the guard of honour is used to celebrate the achievement of a player (usually as a batsman), normally used during a player's final game. The players' teammates or opposition form a cordon, with their bats at the second count of the draw saber forming an arch, and the successful player walks through. It may also be performed to mark a milestone, such as when a player breaks a world record. A player can receive guard of honour multiple times as they retire from different forms of the game separately. When a bowler retires, it would generally be when they leave the field for the final time, or when they play their final match in a certain venue of importance (away match, home ground, retiring on the same day a ground is due to be demolished).

The same has occasionally been done for individual players meeting particularly momentous points in their career, such as when Scottish Premier league team Rangers squad did so for departing talisman Dado Prso[52] and Chelsea controversially[53] chose to do so in a pre-planned display in the middle of a match for John Terry's last game, causing significant delays to the game.[53]

In Australian rules football, players will often form a guard of honour for those who are leaving the field after a landmark game or on their retirement game. For example, Fremantle formed a guard of honour for Fitzroy's last match in 1996. Melbourne and Essendon formed a guard in 2005 to honour Indian Ocean tsunami victim Troy Broadbridge. Collingwood and North Melbourne formed a guard of honour in 2006 for retiring player Saverio Rocca, who forged a successful goalkicking career at both clubs.  After playing in the little league at half time of senior matches, the junior players line up to form a guard of honour for when the players return to the field.[54]

In recent times guard of honour is usually done among Hockey players for those who have done something valuable for their country like Balbir Singh, Sr, Jamie Dwyer


where did the term pit bull come from

The term pit bull is often used loosely to describe dogs with similar physical characteristics, and the morphological (physical) variation amongst "bully breed" dogs makes it difficult for anyone, even experts, to visually identify them as distinct from "non-pit bulls".[7][8][9] While mixed breed dogs are often labeled as "pit bulls" if they have certain physical characteristics such as a square shaped head or bulky body type,[10] visual identification of mixed breed dogs is not recommended by the scholarly community.[7]

Pit bull

Pit bull is the common name for a type of dog. Formal breeds often considered in North America to be of the pit bull type include the American Pit Bull Terrier, American Staffordshire Terrier, American Bully, and Staffordshire Bull Terrier.[1][2] The American Bulldog is also sometimes included. Many of these breeds were originally developed as fighting dogs from cross breeding bull-baiting dogs (used to hold the faces and heads of larger animals such as bulls) and terriers. After the use of dogs in blood sports was banned, such dogs were used as catch dogs in the United States for semi-wild cattle and hogs, to hunt and drive livestock, and as family companions.[3] Despite dog fighting now being illegal in the United States, it still exists as an underground activity, and pit bulls are a common breed of choice.[4][5][6]

Pit bulls were created by breeding bulldogs and terriers together to produce a dog that combined the gameness and agility of the terrier with the strength of the bulldog.[3] In the United Kingdom, these dogs were used in blood sports such as bull-baiting and bear-baiting. These blood sports were officially eliminated in 1835 as Britain began to introduce animal welfare laws. Since dogfights were cheaper to organize and far easier to conceal from the law than bull or bear baits, blood sport proponents turned to pitting their dogs against each other instead. Dog fighting was used as both a blood sport (often involving gambling) and a way to continue to test the quality of their stock. For decades afterwards, dog fighting clandestinely took place in small areas of Britain and America. In the early 20th century pit bulls were used as catch dogs in America for semi-wild cattle and hogs, to hunt, and drive livestock, and as family companions.[3] Some have been selectively bred for their fighting prowess.[5][6]

Pit bulls also constitute the majority of dogs used for illegal dog fighting in America.[11] In addition, law enforcement organisations report these dogs are used for other nefarious purposes, such as guarding illegal narcotics operations,[12][13] use against police,[14] and as attack dogs.[15] On the other side of the law, pit bulls have been used as police dogs.[16][17]

In an effort to counter the fighting reputation of pit bull-type dogs, in 1996 the San Francisco Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals renamed pit bull terriers to "St. Francis Terriers", so that people might be more likely to adopt them.[18] 60 temperament-screened dogs were adopted until the program was halted, after several of the newly adopted pit bulls killed cats.[19] The New York City Center for Animal Care and Control tried a similar approach in 2004, relabeling their pit bulls as "New Yorkies", but dropped the idea in the face of overwhelming public opposition.[20][21]

Violent interactions between humans and canines have been studied by the US government,[22] notably the Center for Disease Control and Prevention,[23] as well as academic veterinary researchers.[24] The interpretation of these studies, breed identification and relevance[25] issues, and variable circumstances have given rise to intense controversy.[26][27][28]

In a 2014 literature review of dog bite studies, the American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA) states that breed is a poor sole predictor of dog bites.[29] Controlled studies do not show pit bulls to be disproportionately dangerous. While pit bull-type dogs are more frequently identified with cases involving very severe injuries or fatalities than other breeds, the review suggests this may relate to the popularity of the breed, noting that sled dogs and Siberian Huskies compose a majority of fatal dog attacks in some areas of Canada.[24]

In a 2000 review by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, which examines data from both media reports and from The Humane Society of the United States, pit bull-type dogs were identified in approximately one-third of dog bite-related fatalities in the United States between 1981 and 1992. However, the review notes that studies on dog bite-related fatalities which collect information by surveying news reports are subject to potential errors, as some fatal attacks may not have been reported, a study might not find all relevant news reports, and the dog breed might be misidentified.[30] The AVMA has also noted fundamental problems with tracking breed in dog bite-related fatalities.[31] In a 2013 study of 256 fatalities in the United States from 2000â€“2009, the AVMA determined that valid breed determination was possible for only 17.6% of cases.[32]

Contrary to popular myth, pit bulls do not have "locking jaws".[33] There is no physiological "locking mechanism" in the jaw muscle and bone structure of pit bulls or other dogs.[34] Pit bull-type dogs, like other terriers, hunting and bull-baiting breeds,[35] can exhibit a bite, hold, and shake behavior and at times refuse to release.[13][36][37] Pit bulls also have wide skulls, well-developed facial muscles, and strong jaws,[33] and some research suggests that pit bull bites are particularly serious because they tend to bite deeply and grind their molars into tissue.[38] Breaking an ammonia ampule and holding it up to the dog's nose can cause the dog to release its hold.[36]

Widely reported pit bull attacks in popular media have resulted in the enactment of breed-specific legislation in several jurisdictions. In some cases breed specific bans have been reversed or prohibited by state legislation.[39][40] These perceptions have also led to increased premiums for liability insurance.

Breed-specific legislation has been largely found to be ineffective at reducing the number of dog attacks.[41] Research has indicated that there is resistance by those who work in the adoption industry, applying a sharper distinction before allowing a dog to be labelled as a pit bull, as well as objections from veterinarians.[42][43][44]

Many of the jurisdictions that restrict pit bulls apply their restriction to the modern American Pit Bull Terrier, American Staffordshire Terrier, Staffordshire Bull Terrier, and any other dog that has the substantial physical characteristics and appearance of those breeds. Such jurisdictions include the Canadian province of Ontario,[45] and the U.S. cities of Miami[46] and Denver.[47] However a few jurisdictions, such as Singapore[48] and Franklin County, Ohio,[49] also classify the modern American Bulldog as a "pit bull-type dog". In the United Kingdom, a pit bull is an American Pit Bull Terrier.[50]

Courts in the United States[51][52] and Canada[53][54] have ruled that expert identification, when using published breed standards, is sufficient for the enforcement of breed-specific legislation.

Approximately 550 jurisdictions have enacted breed-specific legislation (BSL) in response to a number of well-publicized incidents involving pit bull-type dogs, and some government organizations such as the U.S. Army[55] and Marine Corps[56] have taken administrative action as well. These actions range from outright bans on the possession of pit bull-type dogs, to restrictions and conditions on pit bull ownership. They often establish a legal presumption that a pit bull-type dog is prima facie a legally "dangerous" or "vicious" dog.[57] In response, 16 states in the U.S. prohibited or restricted the ability of municipal governments within those states to enact BSL, though these restrictions do not affect military installations located within the states.[58]

It is now generally settled in caselaw that jurisdictions in the U.S. and Canada have the right to enact breed-specific legislation.[59] Despite these holdings by the courts, there is some public skepticism over whether the laws are effective.[60] One point of view is that pit bulls are a public safety issue that merits actions such as banning ownership, mandatory spay/neuter for all pit bulls, mandatory microchip implants and liability insurance, or prohibiting people convicted of a felony from owning pit bulls.[61] Another point of view is that comprehensive "dog bite" legislation, coupled with better consumer education and legally mandating responsible pet-keeping practices, is a better solution to the problem of dangerous pit bulls than BSL.[31][62]

A third point of view is that breed-specific legislation should not ban breeds entirely, but should instead strictly regulate the conditions under which specific breeds could be owned, for example, forbidding certain classes of individuals from owning them, specifying public areas from which they would be prohibited, and establishing conditions, such as requiring a dog to wear a muzzle, for taking specific breeds of dogs into public places.[63] Finally, some governments, such as in Australia, have forbidden the import of specific breeds, and are requiring the spay/neuter of all existing dogs of these breeds in an attempt to eliminate the breed's population slowly through natural attrition.[64][65]

The ASPCA said that along with putative over-reporting, false reporting was a major contributor to public perceptions about the breed.[66]

In England and Wales the Dangerous Dogs Act prohibits the ownership of American Pit Bull Terriers, along with three other breeds. The Act also bans the breeding, sale and exchange of these dogs.[50] Similar legislation in Australia has been criticized by veterinary professionals.[42]

Dog owners in the United States can be held legally liable for injuries inflicted or caused by their dogs. In general, owners are considered liable if they were unreasonably careless in handling or restraining the dog, or if they knew beforehand that the dog had a tendency to cause injury (e.g., bite); however, dog owners are automatically considered liable if local laws hold an owner strictly liable for all damage caused by their dog, regardless of carelessness or foreknowledge of a dog's tendencies. Homeowners and renters insurance policies typically provide liability coverage from US$100,000â€“300,000 for injuries inflicted by dogs;[67] however, some insurance companies limit their exposure to dog bite liability claims by putting restrictions on dog owners that they insure. These restrictions include refusing to cover dog bites under the insurance policy, increasing insurance rates for homeowners with specific breeds, requiring owners of specific breeds to take special training or have their dogs pass the American Kennel Club Canine Good Citizen test,[68] requiring owners to restrict their dogs with muzzles, chains, or enclosures, and refusing to write policies for homeowners or renters who have specific breeds of dogs.[67]

Owners of rental properties may also be held liable if they knew an aggressive dog was living on their property and they did nothing to ensure the safety of other tenants at the property; as a result, many rental properties forbid pit bull-type dogs and any other breeds if the rental property's insurance will not cover damage inflicted by that type of dog. The dog breeds most often targeted by insurance companies include pit bull-type dogs, Rottweilers, German Shepherd Dogs, Doberman Pinschers, Akitas (Akita Inu and American Akita), and Chow Chows.[69]

In 2013, Farmers Insurance notified policy holders in California that "it will no longer cover bites by pit bulls, rottweilers and wolf hybrids. A spokeswoman for Farmers said those breeds account for more than a quarter of the agency's dog bite claims."[70]

Several air carriers embargo certain dog breeds, due to the effect of high temperature and humidity on brachycephalic animals. The following table has a sampling of air carrier embargoes on dogs.

United Airlines formerly embargoed American Pit Bull Terriers for safety reasons.[citation needed] However, pit bulls (along with American Staffordshires and other similar breeds) are now permitted, provided that dogs over six months old or weighing more than 20 pounds (9Â kg) are transported in reinforced crates.[75]

Pit bull breeds have become famous for their roles as soldiers, police dogs, search and rescue dogs, actors, television personalities, seeing eye dogs, and celebrity pets. The American Staffordshire Terrier, Pete the Pup from the movie Little Rascals is a historically well known pit bull. Lesser known, but still historically notable pit bulls include Billie Holiday's companion "Mister",[76] Helen Keller's dog "Sir Thomas",[77] Buster Brown's dog "Tige",[78] Horatio Jackson's dog "Bud",[79][80] President Theodore Roosevelt's Pit Bull terrier "Pete", "Jack Brutus" who served for Company K, the First Connecticut Volunteer Infantry during the civil war,[81] Sergeant Stubby who served for the 102nd Infantry, 26th (Yankee) Division during World War I, and Sir Walter Scott's "Wasp".[82]

Contemporary significant pit bulls are: Weela, who helped save 32 people, 29 dogs, 3 horses, and 1 cat during southern California's widespread flooding in 1993;[83] Popsicle, a five-month-old puppy originally found nearly dead in a freezer, who grew to become one of the nation's most important police dogs;[84] Norton, who was placed in the Purina Animal Hall of Fame after he rescued his owner from a severe reaction to a spider bite;[85] Titan, who rescued his owner's wife, who would have died from an aneurysm; D-Boy, who took three bullets to save his family from an intruder with a gun;[86] Star, who while protecting her owner was shot by police in a video that went viral;[87] and Lilly, who lost a leg after being struck by a freight train while pulling her unconscious owner from the train tracks.[88] Daddy, Cesar Millan's right-hand dog, was famous for his mellow temperament and his ability to interact calmly with ill-mannered dogs.


where was let me clear my throat recorded

"Let Me Clear My Throat" is a song by American hip-hop artist DJ Kool. It was released in April 1996 as the third and final single from his album of the same name Let Me Clear My Throat. It was recorded live at the Bahama Bay club in Philadelphia.[2]

Let Me Clear My Throat

The most popular version of the song is the one recorded live at Bahama Bay. This version incorporates audience cheers, shouts, and participation.

The musical content of the song consists entirely of two samples: the introductory fanfare of "Hollywood Swinging" (1974) by Kool & The Gang, used in both the intro and pre-chorus, and "The 900 Number" (1987) by The 45 King (which itself includes a two-bar loop of the saxophone riff that was lifted from "Unwind Yourself" (1968) by Marva Whitney), used in the verses and chorus.

Aside from a 16-line verse in the first half of the song, the lyrical content consists largely of audience-pleasing antics, energetic shouts, call-and-response, and shout-outs. Kool makes lyrical nods to a grittier house party history of hip-hop, dropping references from early hip-hop and soul artists such as Run DMC, James Brown, Whistle. Likewise, the title and common line of the song, "let me clear my throat," is itself taken from the Beastie Boys' "The New Style" from 1986's Licensed To Ill.

As of the 2015-16 season, the NHL's Buffalo Sabres and the Elite Ice Hockey League's Fife Flyers use this song as their official goal song. The song was chosen as the Buffalo Sabres official goal song as part of an online fan vote on the team's official website.

The song is used to pump up the crowd at Nebraska Cornhuskers football games.

The song is also used as the theme song for BBC Radio Scotland football show Off The Ball.

The song is featured in the 2nd trailer to Office Christmas Party.


who plays shane cantrell on when calls the heart

Matter attended the 2nd annual "Hearties Family Reunion" in December 2016, where it was confirmed he would join the cast of the Hallmark Channel series When Calls the Heart for its fourth season, which began airing in January 2017.[44] First appearing in the episode "The Heart of the Community",[45] he portrayed Shane Cantrell, a single father struggling to connect with his son,[46] who later begins a tentative relationship with Faith Carter (Andrea Brooks).[47]

Niall Matter

Niall Matter (/ˈnaɪl ˈmeɪtər/ NYLE MAY-tər;[1][2] born October 20, 1980)[3] is a Canadian actor.

Following recovery from a serious accident sustained whilst working on Canadian oil rigs, Matter chose to pursue a full-time acting career. He received his first significant break in 2007, with a main role in teen drama The Best Years. Later in the same year, he joined the cast of Eureka as bad-boy genius Zane Donovan. In 2009 he had a small supporting role in Zack Snyder's film Watchmen. He went on to star as Evan Cross in the short-lived 2012 series Primeval: New World. His career subsequently moved away from science fiction, seeing him star in several television movies, as well as joining Canadian series such as Remedy, Arctic Air and When Calls the Heart.

Born in Edmonton, Alberta, of Irish and Russian descent, Matter grew up on his parents' dairy farm.[4] He is a third-generation oil rigger, having worked on the oil rigs in Northern Alberta for eight years. On the recommendation of a school teacher, he enrolled in drama classes at age thirteen, going on to win the Best Actor prize at a provincial drama championship in 1999.[4] However, after getting himself in trouble at age 17, his parents sent him for a three-month stint on the oil rigs to work with his grandfather. He has acknowledged that it was this experience that helped him to focus on his studies and pass his high school exams. He continued to work on the oil rigs alongside his grandfather and brother Trevor until the age of 25, while simultaneously moving to Vancouver and attending Vancouver Film School in pursuit of his long-term goal of an acting career.

At the age of 25 Matter had a serious accident while working on the oil rigs, where he was nearly crushed inside the cab of a 17-ton drilling rig. His quad muscle had been detached from his femur, and he nearly lost his right leg. It took six months for him to be fully rehabilitated, having to go through extensive physio therapy to fully regain his ability to walk.[5] On returning to the oil rigs, he witnessed another accident in which a man lost both his legs. This convinced him that it was time to move on, so he quit, returning to Vancouver, where he lied his way into a bar tending job before landing his first acting role.[5]

Matter landed his first professional acting job in 2007 playing the lead role of baitshop owner Josh Riley in the Syfy original film Loch Ness Terror, (broadcast as Beyond Loch Ness), which also starred Brian Krause and Don S Davis. While filming Loch Ness he sent an audition tape to the producers of The Best Years which lead to him gaining the main cast role of bar tender, and cocaine addict, Trent Hamilton in the series first season.[1][4] He went on to play the role of USAF soldier Lieutenant Kemp in a two-episode guest spot on the Syfy television series Stargate Atlantis.

He subsequently auditioned for the Syfy series Eureka. for what he understood was a one-episode guest star role. By his own admission, Matter took risks in the audition, playing the character as more flirtatious than he was written.[6] The risks paid off, and he was cast in the role of bad boy genius Zane Donovan, first appearing in the season two episode "E=MC...?". The character would go on to develop a romantic relationship with the town's Deputy Sheriff Jo Lupo played by Erica Cerra. His role was recurring throughout seasons two and three. Season four saw a soft reboot of the show - following a time traveling incident, the characters return to an alternate timeline, with character dynamics and relationships shifting. This led to Matter's role as Zane being expanded as he became part of the main cast, which continued through to the show's fifth and final season.[7]

During this time, he also had guest roles on Warehouse 13, portraying one half of a married couple[8] alongside Eureka castmate Cerra and on NBC's Fear Itself, playing a lovelorn zombie.[9] In 2009/2010, Matter appeared as a recurring guest star on The CW shows Melrose Place (as record producer Rick) and 90210 as Greg, a teacher and subsequent love interest to Erin Silver.[10]

In 2009, Matter played a small role in Zack Snyder's Watchmen film, portraying one of the Minute Men, Byron Lewis/Mothman.[11] He also appeared in the short film accompanying the 'ultimate cut' DVD release of the film entitled Under the Hood, a faux documentary on the Minute Men.

From 2012 to 2013, Matter played the lead character of Evan Cross, a millionaire inventor searching for anomalies following the brutal killing of his wife by an Albertosaurus, in Space's science fiction series Primeval: New World, a spin-off of the British series Primeval.[12] In 2013, this role earned him a Constellation Award in the Best Male Performance in a Science Fiction Television Episode category, for his performance in the episode "Truth".[13] He was also nominated for a Leo Award in the Best Lead Performance by a Male in a Dramatic Series category, for the same episode.[14] Due to low ratings, the series was not renewed for a second season.[15]

In March 2014 Deadline.com announced that he had landed the role of Lieutenant Graden Hales[16] in the TNT commissioned pilot of Marcia Clark's Guilt by Association alongside Julia Stiles, which TNT ultimately declined to pick up.[17]

He subsequently appeared in guest roles in various American and Canadian series. In CTV's Motive he played a man driven to murder in revenge for his sister's death;[18] in the short-lived NBC series Constantine he played a father struggling to deal with the supernatural[19] and in the TNT police procedural Rizzoli and Isles he portrayed a Detective turned murderer.[20] He also had a recurring role in the third season of the CBC series Arctic Air as Tag Cummins, the love interest of the series female protagonist, Krista Ivarson, portrayed by Pascale Hutton.[21] Additionally, Matter appeared in the 'VIP Lounge' online content produced to accompany the show, which was available through the series page on the CBC website.[22]

Matter appeared in the 2014 Calgary International Film Festival's closing gala film, dark-comedy/thriller Ally Was Screaming.[23] He was nominated for a 2015 AMPIA Rosie Award,[24] for his role as Andrew, the abusive estranged husband of the titular Ally. In November 2014 he was announced as one of the Whistler Film Festival's Rising Stars, a program designed to promote the next generation of Western Canadian actors poised for international careers.[25] He also attended the festival's screening of Ally Was Screaming, alongside his castmates.[26]

Matter joined the main cast of Global's medical drama Remedy in 2015, for its second season.[27] He played the role of ER Resident Dr Peter Cutler, who develops a romantic relationship with surgeon Dr Melissa Connor, portrayed by Matter's Primeval: New World castmate Sara Canning.

In 2016, he guest starred in two episodes of Bravo's Girlfriends' Guide to Divorce as seedy artist Joaquin.[28][29] In the same year, he starred as surgeon Dr Clay Castleberry in the Hallmark Channel original movie Stop the Wedding,[30] which was adapted from the novel of the same name by Stephanie Bond. The film's director Anne Wheeler went on to win Best Direction (Television Movie) at the 2017 Leo Awards.[31] He subsequently starred in the W Network film A Snow Capped Christmas, (broadcast as Falling for Christmas in the US on Up[32]), as former ice-hockey player and single father, Luke.

2016 also saw Matter star alongside Erin Krakow in the Hallmark Movies & Mysteries film Finding Father Christmas,[33] based on the novel by Robin Jones Gunn, as local lawyer/hotellier Ian McAndrick. At the time of broadcast, the film became the most watched premier in the network's history.[34] Matter and Krakow reprised their roles[35] in a sequel to the film, entitled Engaging Father Christmas[36] (broadcast as A Family for the Holidays in Canada and as Winter Wedding in the UK) which premiered on Hallmark Movies & Mysteries in November 2017.[37] Author Gunn has spoken of the possibility of a third film in the series.[38] The third installment was confirmed by director David Winning in January 2018, due to begin filming in February of the same year.[39]

He appeared in the 2016 Canadian wrestling-comedy film Chokeslam[40] as Tab Hennessy, wrestling manager and boyfriend to the film's protagonist, Sheena 'Smasheena' DeWilde, portrayed by Amanda Crew. Matter attended the film's premiere at the Calgary International Film Festival on October 2, 2016[41] alongside his castmates.[42] The film won four awards at the 2017 AMPIA Rosie Awards, including Best Director for Robert Cuffley.[43]

2017 saw Matter make guest appearances in two CW dramas. In May he appeared in the season three episode of iZombie, "Some Like it Hot Mess", playing the role of nightclub owner Sage Denning.[48] The episode was directed by his Remedy castmate Enrico Colantoni. In November he made an appearance on the channel's long-running series Supernatural, in an episode of the show's thirteenth season, entitled "The Big Empty", playing the character of sadistic shape-shifter, Buddy.[49]

In October of the same year, Matter appeared in an episode of the first season of ABC medical drama The Good Doctor. Based on the South Korean series of the same name, the drama follows the life of autistic-savant surgeon Shaun Murphy (Freddie Highmore). Matter appeared in the episode "Pipes", playing the role of Mark Allen,[50] an expectant father facing life and death decisions over surgery on his unborn child.

Matter also filmed the role of ice-hockey player Adam in the Hallmark Channel television film Frozen in Love, which was broadcast in January 2018, as a part of the channel's annual 'Winterfest' programming.[51] The film was developed from an original idea by Matter's co-star, actress Rachael Leigh Cook.[52] Filming took place in British Columbia in November and December 2017.[53]

He will also be starring in an upcoming Aurora Teagarden Mystery, which stars Candace Cameron Bure, due for broadcast on Hallmark Movies & Mysteries in April 2018.[54]

Matter will appear in the upcoming reboot The Predator, due for release in 2018.[55] The actor spoke about an upcoming film role he could not disclose in an interview in March 2017,[44] and later teased his appearance with a cryptic tweet.[56] In an interview given in November 2017, he confirmed his appearance in the movie.[57]

2018 will also see Matter reprise the role of Ian McAndrick in a third film in the Hallmark Movies & Mysteries "Father Christmas" series, entitled Marrying Father Christmas. The film began production in March 2018 in Vancouver, British Columbia, again costarring Erin Krakow.[58]

Matter has previously dated Graceland star Serinda Swan,[59] with whom he remains friends.

In July 2016, he married his girlfriend Sara in a private ceremony in Hawaii.[60] The couple's first child[61] was born in 2016.

He is a longtime fan of the NHL team Edmonton Oilers.[62]


what does e/m stand for in medical terms

Evaluation and management coding (commonly known as E/M coding or E&M coding) is a medical coding process in support of medical billing. Practicing health care providers in the United States must use E/M coding to be reimbursed by Medicare, Medicaid programs, or private insurance for patient encounters.[citation needed]

Evaluation and Management Coding

E/M standards and guidelines were established by Congress in 1995[1] and revised in 1997.[2] It has been adopted by private health insurance companies as the standard guidelines for determining type and severity of patient conditions.  This allows medical service providers to document and bill for reimbursement for services provided.

E/M codes are based on the Current Procedural Terminology (CPT) codes established by the American Medical Association (AMA).

In 2010, new codes were added to the E/M Coding set, for prolonged services without direct face-to-face contact.[3]


who is burried in the tomb of the unknown soldier

The Tomb of the Unknown Revolutionary War Soldier, sometimes referred to as the Tomb of the Unknown Soldier of the American Revolution, is a war memorial located within Washington Square in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. The memorial honors the thousands of soldiers who died during the American Revolutionary War, many of whom were buried in mass graves in the square. The tomb and Washington Square are part of Independence National Historical Park.

Coordinates: 39°56′49″N 75°09′10″W / 39.947073°N 75.152689°W / 39.947073; -75.152689

The memorial was first conceived in 1954 by the Washington Square Planning Committee, and was completed in 1957.[1] The monument was designed by architect G. Edwin Brumbaugh and includes an eternal flame and a bronze cast of Jean Antoine Houdon's statue of George Washington as the monument's centerpiece. The tomb includes remains which were disinterred, after archeological examination, from beneath the square. The remains are that of a soldier, but it is uncertain if he was Colonial or British.[1] An unknown number of bodies were buried beneath the square and the surrounding area. Remains are still occasionally found during construction and maintenance projects.

Engraved in the side of the tomb are these words:[1]

The plaque on the tomb reads:[1]


where is the judicial branch of the eu located

The CJEU is located in Luxembourg.

Institutions of the European Union

This article is part of a series on the
politics and government
of the European Union

President Juncker (EPP)

Secretary-General Italianer

President Tajani (EPP)

President Tusk (EPP)

The institutions of the European Union are the seven principal decision making bodies of the European Union (EU). They are, as listed in Article 13 of the Treaty on European Union: the European Parliament, the European Council, the Council of the European Union, the European Commission, the Court of Justice of the European Union, the European Central Bank and the Court of Auditors.[1] Institutions are different from agencies of the European Union.

Most EU institutions were created with the establishment of the European Community in 1958. Much change since then has been in the context the shifting of the power balance away from the Council and towards the Parliament. The role of the Commission has often been to mediate between the two or tip the balance.[2] However the Commission is becoming more accountable to the Parliament: in 1999 it forced the resignation of the Santer Commission[3] and forced a reshuffle of the proposed Barroso Commission in 2004.[4] The development of the institutions, with incremental changes from treaties and agreements, is testament to the evolution of the Union's structures without one clear "master plan". Some such as Tom Reid of the Washington Post said of the institutions that "nobody would have deliberately designed a government as complex and as redundant as the EU".[5]

The first institutions were created at the start of the 1950s with the creation of the ECSC, based on the Schuman declaration, between six states. The ECSC was designed to bring the markets of coal and steel, the materials needed to wage war, under the control of a supranational authority with the aim of encouraging peace and economic development. It established the first institutions. At its core was an independent executive called the "High Authority" with supranational powers over the Community. The laws made by the Authority would be observed by a Court of Justice in order to ensure they were upheld and to arbitrate.[6]

During the negotiations, two supervisory institutions were put forward to counterbalance the power of the High Authority. The "Common Assembly" proposed by Jean Monnet to act as a monitor, counterweight and to add democratic legitimacy was composed of 78 national parliamentarians.[7] The second was the Council of Ministers, pushed by the smaller states also to add an intergovernmental element and harmonise national policies with those of the authority.[8]

In 1957 the Treaties of Rome established two, similar, communities creating a common market (European Economic Community) and promoting atomic energy co-operation (Euratom). The three institutions shared the Court of Justice and the Parliament, however they had a separate Council and High Authority, which was called the Commission in these Communities. The reason for this is the different relationship between the Commission and Council. At the time the French government was suspicious of the supranationalism and wanted to limit the powers of the High Authority in the new Communities, giving the Council a greater role in checking the executive.[8][9][10]

The three communities were later merged in 1967, by the Merger Treaty, into the European Communities. The institutions were carried over from the European Economic Community (making the Commission of that community the direct ancestor of the current Commission).[9] Under the Treaties of Rome, the Common Assembly (which renamed itself the Parliamentary Assembly, and then the European Parliament) was supposed to become elected. However this was delayed by the Council until 1979. Since then it gained more powers via successive treaties.[2][7] The Maastricht Treaty also gave further powers to the Council by giving it a key role in the two new pillars of the EU which were based on intergovernmental principles.[8]

The 2009 Lisbon Treaty brought nearly all policy areas (including the budget) under the codecision procedure (renamed "ordinary legislative procedure"), hence increasing the power of the Parliament. The rules for the distribution of seats in the parliament were also changed to a formula system.[11][12] The High Representative merged with the European Commissioner for External Relations and joined the Commission. The appointment of the Commission President became dependent upon the last EU elections. The Council of Ministers adopted more qualified majority voting and the European Council was made a distinct institution with a permanent president. The Court of Justice had some minor renaming and adjustments. In addition, the central bank became a full institution.[11][12]

- Legislature -

- Provides impetus and direction -

- Legislature -

- Executive -

- Judiciary -

- Central bank -

- Financial auditor -

There are three political institutions which hold the executive and legislative power of the Union. The Council of the European Union represents governments, the Parliament represents citizens and the Commission represents the European interest.[14] Essentially, the Council of the European Union, Parliament or another party place a request for legislation to the Commission. The Commission then drafts this and presents it to the Parliament and the Council of the European Union, where in most cases both must give their assent. Although the exact nature of this depends upon the legislative procedure in use, once it is approved and signed by both bodies it becomes law.[15] The Commission's duty is to ensure it is implemented by dealing with the day-to-day running of the Union and taking others to Court if they fail to comply.[14] According to the 2014 edition of The Official Directory of the European Union, women account for 33% of higher-ranking officials.[16]

The European Parliament (EP) shares the legislative and budgetary authority of the Union with the Council of the European Union (not to be confused with the European Council). Its 751 members are elected every five years by universal suffrage and sit according to political allegiance. They represent nearly 500Â million citizens (the world's second largest democratic electorate) and form the only directly elected body in the Union. Despite forming one of the two legislative chambers of the Union, it has weaker powers than the Council in some sensitive areas, and does not have legislative initiative. It does, however, have powers over the Commission which the Council does not. It has been said that its democratic nature and growing powers have made it one of the most powerful legislatures in the world.[15][17][18]

The Parliament's President (its speaker) is Antonio Tajani (EPP), who was elected from the Parliament's members in 2017.

The European Council is the group of heads of state or government of the EU member states. It meets four times a year to define the Union's policy agenda and give impetus to integration. The President of the European Council is the person responsible for chairing and driving forward the work of the institution, which has been described as the highest political body of the European Union.[19]

The current president is Donald Tusk.

The Council of the European Union (informally known as the "Council of Ministers" or just "the Council") is a body holding legislative and some limited executive powers and is thus the main decision making body of the Union. Its Presidency rotates between the states every six months, but every three Presidencies now cooperate on a common programme. This body is separate from the European Council, which is a similar body, but is composed of national leaders.[20]

The Council is composed of twenty-eight national ministers (one per state). However the Council meets in various forms depending upon the topic. For example, if agriculture is being discussed, the Council will be composed of each national minister for agriculture. They represent their governments and are accountable to their national political systems. Votes are taken either by majority or unanimity with votes allocated according to population. In these various forms they share the legislative and budgetary power of the Parliament, and also lead the Common Foreign and Security Policy.[20]

The presidency has been held by Estonia since 1 July 2017.

The European Commission (EC) is the executive arm of the Union. It is a body composed of one appointee from each state, currently twenty-eight, but is designed to be independent of national interests. The body is responsible for drafting all law of the European Union and has the ability to propose new laws (bills).[21] It also deals with the day-to-day running of the Union and has the duty of upholding the law and treaties (in this role it is known as the "Guardian of the Treaties").[14]

The Commission is led by a President who is nominated by the Council (in practice the European Council) and approved by Parliament. The remaining 27 Commissioners are nominated by member-states, in consultation with the President, and have their portfolios assigned by the President. The Council then adopts this list of nominee-Commissioners. The Council’s adoption of the Commission is not an area which requires the decision to be unanimous, their acceptance is arrived at according to the rules for qualified majority voting. The European Parliament then interviews and casts its vote upon the Commissioners. The interviews of individual nominees are conducted separately, in contrast to Parliament’s vote of approval which must be cast on the Commission as a whole without the ability to accept or reject individual Commissioners. Once approval has been obtained from the Parliament the Commissioners can take office.[22] The current President is Jean-Claude Juncker (EPP); his commission was elected in 2014.[23][needs update]

The Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU) is the EU's judicial branch. It is responsible for interpreting EU law and treaties. It comprises the main chamber: Court of Justice, the General Court and the Civil Service Tribunal.

The CJEU is located in Luxembourg.

The European Central Bank (ECB) is the central bank for the eurozone (the states which have adopted the euro) and thus controls monetary policy in that area with an agenda to maintain price stability.

It is at the centre of the European System of Central Banks which comprises all EU national banks. The bank is governed by a board of national bank governors and a President.[11][24]

The ECB is located in Frankfurt.

The current president is Mario Draghi.

The European Court of Auditors (ECA), despite its name, has no judicial powers. It ensures that taxpayer funds from the budget of the European Union have been correctly spent. The court provides an audit report for each financial year to the Council and Parliament. The Parliament uses this to decide whether to approve the Commission's handling of the budget. The Court also gives opinions and proposals on financial legislation and anti-fraud actions.[25]

The Court of Auditors was set up in 1975. It was created as an independent institution due to the sensitivity of the issue of fraud in the Union (the anti-fraud agency, OLAF, is also built on its independence). It is composed of one member from each state appointed by the Council every six years. Every three years one of them is elected as the president of the court, who is currently Vítor Manuel da Silva Caldeira.[25][needs update]

There are a number of types of legislation which can be passed. The strongest is a regulation, an act or law which is directly applicable in its entirety. Then there are directives which bind members to certain goals which they must achieve. They do this through their own laws and hence have room to manoeuvre in deciding upon them. A decision is an instrument which is focused at a particular person/group and is directly applicable. Institutions may also issue recommendations and opinions which are merely non-binding declarations.[26]

The ordinary legislative procedure is used in nearly all policy areas and provides an equal footing between the two bodies. Under the procedure, the Commission presents a proposal to Parliament and the Council. They then send amendments to the Council which can either adopt the text with those amendments or send back a "common position". That proposal may either be approved or further amendments may be tabled by the Parliament. If the Council does not approve those, then a "Conciliation Committee" is formed. The Committee is composed of the Council members plus an equal number of MEPs who seek to agree a common position. Once a position is agreed, it has to be approved by Parliament again by an absolute majority.[15][27] There are other special procedures used in sensitive areas which reduce the power of Parliament.

While the EU's system of governance is largely unique, elements can be compared to other models. One general observation on the nature of the distribution of powers would be that the EU resembles the federalism of Germany. There, powers are predominantly shared (states can exercise federal powers where the federation has not already exercised them) between the levels of government, and the states participate strongly with decision making at the federal level. This is in contrast with other federations, for example the United States, where powers are clearly divided between the levels of government, and the states have little say in federal decision making.[28]

The EU's institutional set up is also somewhat similar to the government of Switzerland (which, although in Europe, is not an EU member state). The Swiss consensus-driven system is seen as successfully uniting a state divided by language and religion, although the EU was not directly modelled on the Swiss system despite bearing a number of similarities. The European Commission has similarities to the Swiss Federal Council in that both have all-party representation and are appointed on the basis of nationality rather than popularity. The President of the Federal Council rotates between its members each year, in a fashion similar to that of the EU's Council Presidency. Due to this system of presidency Swiss leaders, like those of the EU, are relatively unknown with national politics viewed as somewhat technocratic resulting in low voter turnout, in a similar fashion to that of the European Parliament. Other parallels include the jealously guarded powers of states, the considerable level of translation and the choice of a lesser city as the capital.[29]

Furthermore, executive power in the EU isn't concentrated in a single institution. It becomes clearer under the Lisbon Treaty with the division of the European Council as a distinct institution with a fixed President. This arrangement has been compared to the dual executive system found in the French republic where there is a President (the Council President) and Prime Minister (the Commission President). However, unlike the French model, the Council President does not hold formal powers such as the ability to directly appoint and sack the other, or the ability to dissolve Parliament. Hence while the Council President may have prestige, it would lack power and while the Commission President would have power, it would lack the prestige of the former.[30]

The nature of the European Parliament is better compared with the United States House of Representatives than with the national parliaments of the European Union. This is notable in terms of the committees being of greater size and power, political parties being very decentralised and it being separated from the executive branch (most national governments operate under a parliamentary system). A difference from all other parliaments is the absence of a Parliamentary legislative initiative. However, given that in most national parliaments initiatives not backed by the executive rarely succeed the value of this difference is in question. Equally, its independence and power means that the European Parliament has an unusually high success rate for its amendments in comparison to national parliaments; 80% average and 30% for controversial proposals.[31]

The composition of the council can only be compared with the quite unique and unusual composition of the German upper house, the Bundesrat. Membership of the Bundesrat is limited to members of the governments of the states of Germany and can be recalled by those governments in the same manner as the EU's Council. They retain their state role while sitting in the Bundesrat and if their term ends when they are recalled by their state governments (who are solely responsible for their appointment) or they cease to sit in their state government. Hence they also are not elected at the same time and the body as a whole cannot be dissolved like most parliaments. As government representatives, members do not vote as individual members but in state blocks, rather than political alignment, to their state governments' agreed line.[32] Each state has unequal voting powers based on population, with an absolute majority required for decisions. Likewise, the presidency rotates equally between members, though each year rather than every six months like in the EU Council.[33] However, unlike the EU's Council, the Bundesrat does not vary its composition depending on the topic being discussed.[32] They both bear similar criticisms, because of the interference, of executives in the legislative process.

The institutions are not concentrated in a single capital city: instead, their headquarters are spread across four cities, Brussels, Luxembourg, Strasbourg and Frankfurt. The current arrangement was approved in 1992 and attached to the Treaty of Amsterdam.[34] The treaty states that the Commission and Council would be based in Brussels, the Courts in Luxembourg and the Parliament in Strasbourg. However some departments of the Commission and meetings of the Council take place in Luxembourg, while the Parliament has its committees and some sessions in Brussels and its secretariat in Luxembourg. Of the new institutions, the Central Bank is based in Frankfurt[35] while the European Council is based in Brussels (but has some extraordinary meetings elsewhere).[36]

Brussels' hosting of institutions has made it a major centre for the EU. Together with NATO it has attracted more journalists and ambassadors than Washington D.C.[37] However the three-city agreement has been criticised, notably concerning the Parliament due to the large number of people that move between the cities. The European Green Party estimated that the arrangement costs 200Â million euro and 20,268 tonnes of carbon dioxide.[38] Brussels is preferred by some due to the presence of other institutions and other groups whereas Strasbourg is supported due to its historical importance to European unity.[39]


who came up with if you see something say something

Since 1992, Kay's agency has been responsible for the New York Metropolitan Transportation Authority's advertising. To give the MTA a human voice, Kay and his team created the "SubTalk" brand[14][15] by which MTA posts messages to riders in stations and on subway trains.[2] He coined the phrase, "If You See Something, Say Something"[16] for MTA's campaign to encourage riders to be part of MTA's security efforts.[17] Since 2002 the campaign has evolved from simple print ads to television spots, increasing the reporting of suspicious packages from 814 in 2002 to over 37,000 in 2003.[18][19] Today, more than 30 transit systems use a version of Kay's innovative "See Something, Say Something" campaign.[17]

Allen Kay

Allen Steven Kay (born November 25, 1945) is an American advertising executive and entrepreneur. He created the iconic Xerox advertisement, featuring a monk named Brother Dominic, which aired during the 1976 Super Bowl. Kay is also known for his "See Something Say Something" advertising campaign for The New York Metropolitan Transportation Authority. Kay co-founded Korey Kay & Partners advertising in 1982 and served as its Chairman and CEO for 32 years. He is currently taking on special strategic postitioning, creative branding, and integrated marketing assignments. Kay is active in advertising industry associations. He is married and has two daughters.[1]

Allen Kay was born in New York, to Estelle and Samuel Kay. His mother was a finance professional and his father was the comptroller at Grey Advertising in New York. Kay began studying art at the age of 6 at the Museum of Modern Art in New York and continued his fine arts education at The Art Students League of New York.[2] Before starting high school, he moved from Washington Heights, Manhattan to Fair Lawn, New Jersey.[3] There he attended Fair Lawn High School, graduating in 1963.

Kay attended the Art Center College of Design in Los Angeles.[1] During the summers, he worked at Grey Advertising, sold encyclopedias, and freelanced for his instructors at The Art Center College of Design. He earned a BA, with honors, and graduated in 1967. Two days after graduation, Kay joined the McCann Erickson advertising agency in New York.[1]

At McCann Erickson, Kay worked as an art director, writer and producer.[4] His work included ad campaigns for Coca-Cola, Exxon, and Nabisco.[1] In 1970, Kay left McCann Erickson to join Jack Tinker's Interpublic agency.[5] There he won a Clio Award, in 1971, as the Art Director and Producer of advertisements for Nelson Rockefeller's last gubernatorial campaign.[6] Kay joined Needham, Harper & Steers in 1971 and created ads for Amtrak, Frigidaire, Xerox and AIG.[1] While at Needham, Kay completed an advanced management program at Harvard University, earning an AAF diploma in Professional Studies in 1978.[7] During this same time Needham, Harper & Steers became Needham Worldwide.[8]

Kay, along with Lois Korey, left Needham Worldwide to start their own firm, Korey Kay & Partners in 1982. Kay has said in interviews that big agencies tend to water down ideas and tie up talent;[1] in a 1993 interview with Leaders magazine, Kay told reporters that "a large staff is important if youâ€™re moving furniture, but a smart and prolific staff is what does it. So it's more important to have smart people who understand clients than to have the largest creative department in New York."[4] In its first year Korey Kay signed six clients with a combined ad budget of $10 million and generated revenue of $800,000.[1] Early clients were The Republican National Committee and the campaign for Ronald Reagan's re-election.[1] Some of Korey Kay's clients included Virgin Atlantic Airways, Comedy Central, Honda, Wynn Resorts and the Metropolitan Transportation Authority of New York.[4]

Several of Kay's advertisements are well known. While at Needham Worldwide he created the Brother Dominic campaign for Xerox Corporation which premiered during the 1976 Super Bowl.[9] In developing the Xerox campaigns Kay worked with the computer scientist, Alan Kay (no relation), who led the development team at Xerox PARC (now PARC).[10] Advertising Age named Brother Dominic one of the top 50 campaigns of the 20th century and ESPN called the spot the prelude to every boundary-pushing ad that followed.[11][12] The New York Times called it one of the top 25 ads of the 20th century.[13] The Brother Dominic campaign was inducted into the Clio Hall of Fame.[6] In all, there were six Brother Dominic spots that aired on television between 1976 and 1982.[13]

In the genre of personality-driven advertisements, Kay conceived the campaign for the Steve Wynn hotel and casino, Wynn Las Vegas which featured Steve Wynn standing on top of his Las Vegas hotel.[20][21]

Kay holds 22 Clio awards.[6] Advertising Age named him one of 11 influential high-tech marketing professionals of the 20th century.[11] Kay is featured in chapter four of Guy Kawasaki's Business Week best seller, How To Drive Your Competition Crazy.[22]

Kay is a charter member of the Value of Advertising Committee of the AAAA (American Association of Advertising Agencies), holding that post from 1998 till 2001. From 1999 to 2001 he was the Co-Chair of the AAAA's Creative Committee. He chaired the AAAA New York Board of Governors from 1999 to 2008, creating their annual "Unthinkable Ideas" new media conference, co-sponsored by Advertising Age.[23]

Kay has been a member of the Directors Guild of America since 1984. From 2000 to 2003 Kay was a voting board member of the Ad Council; from 2003 through 2007 he was a graduate member and served on their campaigns review committee. Kay was a founding member of Colin Powell’s America’s Promise,[24] designing its logo and website icon, and served on its Advisory Board through 2001.[25]

Kay has appeared on network television and lectured before industry and professional groups.[26] Kay's community service includes ten years on the steering committee of the Association for a Better New York. He has served on the Advisory Boards of TeachersCount until 2001 where he came up with the campaign slogan "Behind every famous person is a fabulous teacher", and designed the website.[27] Since 1996 Kay has served on the board of PENCIL, creating an ad every year that is featured in the New York Times.[28] Kay is a life member of The Art Students League of New York, and served for eight years as a consultant to the New York Philharmonic's marketing board.