Staying in touch with someone in prison

Letters, video and telephone calls

Letters

You can contact a prisoner by writing to them. Write the person’s prisoner number on the envelope. Normally there’s no limit on the number of letters you can send.

Most letters sent to and from prison are checked by prison staff.

Prisons cannot open letters from solicitors and courts except in special cases, for example if they suspect a letter is not really from a legal adviser.

You can complain to the prison if you think your letters are being read when they should not be, or if your letters are not reaching the prisoner.

Video calls

You can make video calls to people in some prisons using your mobile phone or tablet.

Video calls are free at the moment. This is because of coronavirus (COVID-19).

Calls can last up to 30 minutes. A prisoner is allowed 1 video call a month.

Who can call

You must be over 18 and on the prisoner’s (A prisoner) list of friends and family.

You can invite up to 3 other people (of any age) on the call if they are on the prisoner’s (A prisoner) visitor list.

How to call

Find out if the prison offers video calls.

Install an app on your phone or tablet (it can take up to 24 hours for your account on the app to be verified).

Check if everyone who wants to join the call is on the prisoner’s (A prisoner) list of friends and family.

Request a video call using the app (an app) or ask the prisoner (A prisoner) to request a call.

Prison staff will schedule the call and send confirmation by email.

All video calls are recorded. Prison staff may watch video calls while they are happening.

Telephone calls

The prisoner (A prisoner) has to call you using a prison phone.

They (A prisoner) can only call people named on their (A prisoner) list of friends and family. This list is checked by security when they (A prisoner) first arrive so it may take a few days before they (A prisoner)’re able to call.

Prison staff can listen to and record most types of call. Some calls are not monitored, for example when a prisoner calls a legal adviser.

You can also exchange voice messages with a prisoner using the Prison Voicemail service.

Email and social media

Prisoners are not allowed to access social networking websites (such as Facebook or Twitter) while they’re in custody.

You cannot email prisoners directly, but you can use a service called Email a Prisoner. If you send a message this way, it’ll be printed out and delivered by prison staff. Each email costs 40p and you need to buy credit to use the service.

In some prisons, prisoners can also reply and attach a photo through Email a Prisoner. Check which prisons allow replies.

Banned items

You must not send or give anything to a prisoner that:

is indecent or obscene

threatens the security of the prison

is written in code

You must not take anything written by a prisoner that they want to publish and be paid for.

It’s a criminal offence to send or give a prisoner:

illegal drugs

alcohol

weapons

a camera

a mobile phone

Contact the prison if you’re unsure what you can send or give.

Sending money

You can send money to someone in prison by making an online payment by Visa, Mastercard and Maestro debit card.

The money (money) is paid into the prisoner’s account - a basic cash account they can use to send and receive money.

You can no longer send money by bank transfer, cheque, postal order or send cash by post to any prison. You’ll need to use a debit card instead.

If you cannot make an online payment

You may be able to apply for an exemption - for example if you:

are unable to use a computer, a smart phone or the internet

do not have a debit card

This will allow you to send money by post.

You can also find out how to get a debit card by setting up a basic bank account.

Visiting someone in prison

You can normally visit partners and close family members in some prisons. There are restrictions because of coronavirus (COVID-19).

Find out which prisons are open for visits and what you need to do.

You can only visit a prisoner if they’ve added you to their visitor list. The prison will contact you once you’re on this list.

Get help with the cost of visiting someone

You might be able to get help paying for a prison visit, for example travel costs, if you’re receiving certain benefits.

How often you can visit someone in prison

A convicted prisoner is usually allowed at least two 1-hour visits every 4 weeks.

A prisoner on remand (waiting for their trial) is allowed three 1-hour visits a week.

You can find out more about the exact rules on visits on the prison information page of the prison you’re visiting.


Getting parole

Overview

Getting parole means you can leave prison or be released from custody before the end of your sentence. You’ll be kept under supervision, known as being ‘on licence’ or probation.

You may be released or transferred to an open prison (‘open conditions’).

The rules are different in Scotland, Northern Ireland or if you’re a young offender.

The government will apply for parole on your behalf - you do not have to do anything.

When you’re eligible for parole

When you’re eligible for parole depends on what type of sentence you have.

Life or indeterminate sentence

You’ll be contacted either:

3 years before your earliest release date (‘tariff’) runs out if you’re serving a sentence of 4 years or more

at least 6 months before your tariff (your earliest release date (‘tariff’)) runs out if you’re serving a shorter sentence

Extended or fixed-term sentences

You’ll be contacted up to 6 months before your earliest release date (your earliest release date (‘tariff’)) if you have either:

an extended sentence

a fixed-term sentence of 4 years or more, given before 3 December 2012 for a serious violent or sexual crime committed before 4 April 2005

You’re not eligible for parole if your sentence is less than 4 years.

What happens next

You’ll get an application form to fill in. Ask a friend for help if you need to. You can also use a legal advisor.

The prison will put together some documents. They’ll include what you’ve done in prison and what you plan to do on release.

Check that the documents (some documents) are correct. You can add evidence (‘representations’) showing why you should be released.

The Parole Board will decide either that you cannot be released or that your case needs a hearing. You may have to represent yourself if you cannot get legal aid or do not have a solicitor.

It usually takes 6 months to get a decision about your case.

Your case will be reviewed again within 2 years if you do not get parole.

Challenge the Parole Board’s (The Parole Board) decision

You may be able to challenge the Parole Board’s (The Parole Board) decision.

Parole Board (The Parole Board) hearing

You may have to go to a hearing before the Parole Board can make a decision.

You’ll get a hearing if:

the Parole Board thinks there’s a realistic prospect of you being released or moved to open conditions

they (The Parole Board) need more evidence from you because the file did not give them (The Parole Board) what they (The Parole Board) needed

for any other reason, the Board (The Parole Board) thinks it would be fair to give you an oral hearing

You’ll be told when and how the hearing (a hearing) will be held.

Hearings and coronavirus (COVID-19)

Because of coronavirus, most hearings are now taking place remotely - either by phone or video.

If the Parole Board decides your case needs a face to face hearing, it (The Parole Board) will work with the prison to make arrangements for a safe hearing to take place.

What happens at the hearing (a hearing)

Up to 3 members of a panel will decide whether to release you based on a file of documents the prison puts together. This includes:

your behaviour in prison

what you plan to do once released

whether you’re likely to commit more crime or are a danger to the public

why you’re in prison

previous offences

what the judge said when you were sentenced

the victim statement - this may be read at the hearing (a hearing)

medical, psychiatric and psychological evidence

Who’ll be at the hearing (a hearing)

You must usually attend the Parole Board (The Parole Board) hearing (a hearing).

There will be other people at the hearing (a hearing), for example:

your solicitor (you may need to represent yourself at the hearing (a hearing) if you cannot get legal aid or do not have a solicitor)

a prison psychologist

the victim (when they’re reading their victim statement (the victim statement))

the victim liaison officer

witnesses

What happens next

The Parole Board will write to you with their (The Parole Board) decision. The hearing and full decision will be kept private.

You may be able to challenge the decision (their (The Parole Board) decision).

Represent yourself at the hearing (a hearing)

You’ll have to represent yourself at the Parole Board (The Parole Board) hearing (a hearing) if you do not use a solicitor.

Check if you can get legal aid to help pay for a solicitor.

Read more detailed information about representing yourself at a hearing.

Help and advice

Ask the Offender Management Unit in your prison to give you the name and number of the case manager handling your case.

You can also get help from:

Prisoners Advice Service

Howard League

Prison Reform Trust

your prisoner offender supervisor, offender manager or case administrator

a solicitor

You can also contact the Parole Board for help and advice.

Your family and friends can also get support.

Challenge a decision

You can challenge a Parole Board (The Parole Board) decision that was made on or after 22 July 2019. You cannot challenge a decision made before 22 July 2019,  but you can apply for judicial review.

You can challenge a Parole Board (The Parole Board) decision if you think:

your parole was not reviewed correctly, for example important information was not given to the Parole Board

the decision was unreasonable

The Parole Board will decide if the decision (a Parole Board (The Parole Board) decision) needs to be reconsidered, and if there needs to be a new hearing.

Ask your lawyer if you can get criminal legal aid to help pay for the costs of challenging a decision.

If the Parole Board refuses to reconsider the decision (a Parole Board (The Parole Board) decision) you can apply for judicial review.


Compensation after an accident or injury

Write a letter, complain or try mediation

You can get compensation by taking legal action, but it could cost you money and you may not win your case against the person or organisation to blame.

Writing a letter or making a complaint

If it’s not a serious injury, you may be able to solve the issue by writing a letter or making a complaint - use the complaints procedure if there is one.

Explain what went wrong and tell them (the person or organisation to blame) how much compensation you want or how they (the person or organisation to blame) can make up for the injury.

Using mediation

You may want to use a mediation service to negotiate a settlement.

There is usually a fee, but it (mediation) can be cheaper, quicker and easier than going to court.

Check your insurance policies

You may already have insurance to pay for legal costs.

check your insurance policies (like motor, home contents or holiday insurance policies) to see if they (your insurance policies) include ‘legal expenses insurance’

check if you have legal cover as a member of a trade union, or an organisation like the RAC or the AA

Policies (your insurance policies) normally only cover you for some types of legal problem and have other terms and conditions.

‘After the event’ insurance

If you’re not insured, you could take out insurance after the incident to protect yourself against a large legal bill.

A solicitor can help you choose an ‘after-the-event’ insurance policy and may take it out on your behalf.

If you win, you may be able to get some of the costs back from the losing side.

Some insurance companies will not insure you if they think you’re unlikely to succeed, and some policies are very expensive.

Using a solicitor or a claims company

You can’t usually get legal aid for personal injury cases.

A solicitor should advise you on costs before you agree to hire them.

Get advice from Citizens Advice on what’s involved in taking legal action and how much it will cost you.

Claims companies

Businesses known as claims companies can help you find a solicitor.

Most claims handlers aren’t solicitors, and so won’t be able to represent you in court.

Check that a claims company is authorised: business search.

‘No win, no fee’ deals

If you use a ‘no win, no fee’ agreement, you will only have to pay the solicitor’s fee if you win the case.

You may still have to pay for some other costs, like:

fees to pay for experts

court fees

travelling expenses

If you lose, you will also have to pay for:

the other side’s legal costs

other expenses and charges, such as fees for witnesses

The solicitor may charge a fee for winning the case.


What to do if your vehicle has been stolen

Report your vehicle as stolen

Tell the police and your insurance company straight away if your vehicle has been stolen.

Call your local police station

Dial 101 and ask to be put through to your local police.

Make sure you have your vehicle’s (your vehicle):

registration number

make and model

colour

You’ll get a crime reference number. You’ll need this when you call your insurance company.

The police will tell DVLA about the theft and if the vehicle (your vehicle) is found.

Call your insurance company

Your insurance company will tell you how to make an insurance claim.

Tell DVLA if your insurance company pays out

If your insurance company pays out a claim for your stolen vehicle (your vehicle), you must tell DVLA it (your vehicle)’s been sold to the insurance company (your insurance company).

If your vehicle had a personalised registration number that you want to keep, you need to get it back before you tell DVLA that you no longer own your vehicle.

You can tell DVLA online or fill in the yellow ‘sell, transfer or part-exchange your vehicle to the motor trade’ section of your vehicle log book. Send the perforated section to DVLA, with a letter saying when the payment was accepted and details of your insurance company.

You’ll need to give the remaining part of your log book (your vehicle log book) to your insurance company.

If your insurance company asks for the whole log book (your vehicle log book) then you’ll need to send a letter to DVLA including:

the details of your insurance company

the date of the claim

your registration number

the make, model and colour of your vehicle

your signature

Send your letter to:

Get a vehicle tax refund

Your vehicle tax will be cancelled by DVLA once you tell them (DVLA) you no longer own your vehicle. If you pay by Direct Debit, the Direct Debit will be cancelled automatically.

You must apply for a refund instead if your vehicle had a personalised registration number that you want to keep.

You’ll automatically get a refund cheque for any full months left on your vehicle tax. The refund is calculated from the date DVLA gets your information. The cheque is sent to the name and address on the vehicle log book (your vehicle log book).

You will not get a refund for:

any credit card fees

the 5% surcharge on some Direct Debit payments

the 10% surcharge on a single 6 month payment

If you had a private (personalised) registration number

Apply to keep your private (personalised) registration number as soon as your vehicle is stolen.

This means the number (your private (personalised) registration number) will stay in your name so you can assign it (your private (personalised) registration number) to another vehicle later.

You must apply within 2 years and 6 months of telling DVLA your vehicle has been stolen.

You can only get your private registration number (your private (personalised) registration number) back if:

you told the police about the theft

the vehicle (your vehicle) had a valid MOT certificate when it (your vehicle) was stolen

the vehicle (your vehicle) had up-to-date vehicle tax when it was stolen

Apply to keep your registration number (your private (personalised) registration number)

You can only apply by post. It costs £80.

You need to send all of the following to DVLA:

a V317 ‘transfer or retain a vehicle registration number’ form - the address is on the form

the vehicle’s log book (V5C) or green ‘new keeper’ slip with a completed V62 ‘application for a vehicle registration certificate V5C’

the £80 transfer fee

If you get your stolen vehicle (your vehicle) back

If you’ve already applied to keep your private registration number (your private (personalised) registration number), you can apply to put it on another vehicle straight away.

You must apply before your vehicle is sold or scrapped.

If you do not get your stolen vehicle (your vehicle) back

You must wait 6 months before you can transfer your private registration number (your private (personalised) registration number) to another vehicle. You can only do this by post.

Tell DVLA you no longer own your vehicle

After you get your private registration number (your private (personalised) registration number) back, you can tell DVLA that you no longer own your vehicle.

Tell DVLA online or fill in the yellow ‘sell, transfer or part-exchange your vehicle to the motor trade’ section of your vehicle log book and send the perforated section to DVLA.

Apply for a vehicle tax refund

You will not automatically get a vehicle tax refund - you’ll need to apply for one.

Contact DVLA to get form V33. Complete your form and send it to DVLA. You must include your crime reference number.

Check that your name and address is correct on your log book - otherwise you will not receive the refund (a vehicle tax refund).

You’ll usually get your refund (a vehicle tax refund) in 4 to 6 weeks.


Being stopped by the police while driving

Overview

The police can stop a vehicle for any reason. If they ask you to stop, you should always pull over when it’s safe to do so. You’re breaking the law if you do not stop.

If you’re stopped, the police can ask to see your:

driving licence

insurance certificate

MOT certificate

If you do not have these documents with you, you have 7 days to take them to a police station. You’re breaking the law if you do not show the requested documents within 7 days.

The police can also give you an on-the-spot fixed penalty notice for many minor offences and make you take a breath test in certain circumstances.

You can also have your vehicle seized if you’re stopped on suspicion of driving without insurance and for some other offences.

Breath tests

The police can stop you at any time and ask you to take a breath test (‘breathalyse’ you) if:

they (The police) think you’ve been drinking

you’ve committed a traffic offence

you’ve been involved in a road traffic accident

If you refuse to take a breath test, or fail to supply a sample of breath and do not have a ‘reasonable excuse’, you can be arrested. A reasonable excuse could be a genuine physical or mental condition stopping you from giving a sample.

The breath test (a breath test) gives a result straight away. If it (a breath test) shows you’re not over the drink drive limit, you may be allowed to go.

If you fail the breath test (a breath test), you’ll be taken to a police station and given a final breath test. If it’s positive, you will be charged.

If the officer thinks you’re under the influence of alcohol or drugs, they can ask you to:

take a drug test

do a physical test (a ‘field impairment test’), for example walk in a straight line then turn around and walk back

You can be arrested if you fail the test.

If you fail a breath test you cannot drive your car until you’re sober. You can ask someone else to collect your car for you.

Minor motoring offences

The police can give you a ‘fixed penalty notice’ for less serious traffic offences, including for:

careless or inconsiderate driving

using a mobile phone while driving

not wearing a seat belt

driving too close to another vehicle

You can be fined up to £200 and get penalty points on your licence if you get a fixed penalty notice - you may be disqualified from driving if you build up 12 points within 3 years.

The police can also decide to:

take no action

issue a warning

offer driver training

charge you with an offence

You can choose not to pay the fixed penalty if you believe that it (an offence) was given unjustly, but you’ll have to argue your case in court.

Faults with your vehicle

If your vehicle has something wrong with it (your vehicle), for example a broken brake light, the police may give you a ‘vehicle defect rectification notice’.

You’ll need to get your vehicle fixed and provide proof that it (your vehicle)’s been fixed, for example a receipt for the work from a mechanic. You have 14 days from the date of the notice (a ‘vehicle defect rectification notice’) to show the proof to the police.

When the police can seize your vehicle

The police can seize a vehicle if they (The police) think it’s being used in a way that causes alarm, harassment or distress, for example careless or inconsiderate driving.

They (The police) can also seize a vehicle if they (The police) think it’s:

being driven by someone who does not have a proper licence or insurance

dangerously, illegally or obstructively parked

broken-down or abandoned

If your vehicle is seized there’s a ‘release fee’ of up to £200 plus a storage fee of £20 for every day or part day.


How to make a freedom of information (FOI) request

Overview

You have the right to ask to see recorded information held by public authorities.

The Freedom of Information Act (FOIA) and Freedom of Information (Scotland) Act (FOISA) give you the right to see information.

If you ask for environmental information, your request will be handled under the Environmental Regulations (EIRs) or Environmental Information (Scotland) Regulations (EISRs).

Environmental information includes things like carbon emissions or the environment’s effect on human health.

You do not need to tell the organisation which law or regulations you’re making your request under.

Personal information

There is a different way to make a request if you want information that an organisation holds about you. This includes things like your health records or credit reference files.

Organisations you can ask for information

You can request information from some public authorities, such as:

government departments, devolved administrations, other public bodies and committees

local councils

schools, colleges and universities

the NHS - including hospitals, GPs, dentists, pharmacists and opticians

publicly owned companies

publicly funded museums, galleries and theatres

the police and fire services

registered social landlords in Scotland

You can make an environmental information request to private or public companies that have public responsibilities - like water companies.

If you’re not sure if the organisation is one you can make a request to, check with the information commissioner for:

Scottish public authorities - you can search on the Scottish Information Commissioner’s website

England, Wales or Northern Ireland and organisations that cover the whole of the UK - contact the Information Commissioner’s (the information commissioner) Office

How to make an FOI request

You must make a Freedom of Information (FOI) request in writing. You can do it by:

letter

email

social media

online form - check the organisation’s website or the government department’s page to see if they have an online form

fax

If you cannot make your request in writing because of a disability, contact the public authority. They should help you to make the request another way - for example over the phone.

You can ask for environmental information in writing, in person or by phone.

Before you make a request

You might not need to make a Freedom of Information (FOI) request if the organisation has:

already published the information

previously responded to an FOI request

Check their (the organisation) website for responses to previous FOI requests. This is sometimes known as a ‘disclosure log’. You can search for published responses to FOI requests from government departments, agencies and arms length bodies.

You can also email or phone the organisation to ask if they (the organisation)’ve already published the information or responded to an FOI request.

What to include

You should give:

your name (not needed if you’re asking for environmental information)

a contact postal or email address

a detailed description of the information you want - for example, you might want all information held on a subject, or just a summary

You can ask for information in a particular format, such as:

paper or electronic copies of information

audio format

large print

When you’ll get a response

The organisation should send you the information within 20 working days of receiving your request. Some schools are allowed more time during school holidays.

In Scotland, you should allow 6 extra days if you send your request by post.

The organisation will tell you when to expect the information if they (the organisation) need more time.

When your information will be shared

If you’ve sent an FOI request to several government departments, they may share your name and request between them. This is to help deal with your enquiry more effectively.

No other details will be shared and your information will not be used for any other purpose.

Costs

Most requests are free but you might be asked to pay a small amount for photocopies or postage. The organisation will tell you if you have to pay anything.

Check the copyright status of information you receive if you plan to reproduce it.

If your request is turned down

Some sensitive information is not available to members of the public. If this applies, an organisation must tell you why they cannot give you some or all of the information you requested.

They (an organisation) might ask you to be more specific so they (an organisation) can provide just the information you need.

An organisation can also refuse your Freedom of Information (FOI) request if getting information will cost more than £450, or £600 if the organisation is:

a government department, Parliament or part of the armed forces

the Northern Ireland Assembly or the Welsh Assembly

based in Scotland

An organisation can refuse your request for environmental information, if they think the cost of getting the information is too high.

Reviews and complaints

If an organisation does not provide you with the information you requested, you should first ask them to review their decision.

If you’re not satisfied with the organisation’s (an organisation) response, you can complain or appeal to the information commissioner for:

England, Wales or Northern Ireland and organisations that cover the whole of the UK - complain to the Information Commissioner’s Office

Scottish public authorities - make an appeal to the Scottish Information Commissioner


Transport support services for disabled people

Trains

You can give National Rail train companies advance notice if you think you’ll need any help from staff.

You can also check if a station has accessible facilities.

Wheelchairs on trains

On mainline (intercity, suburban and cross-country) trains there’s space for your wheelchair. Put your chair in this space and use the brakes (or switch your wheelchair’s power off) when the train’s moving.

How to get help

All licensed train companies must be able to tell you:

what services and facilities are available

how to get assistance - including when there are disruptions

This is called an Accessible Travel Policy (ATP). You can get a copy of an ATP from the train company.

Disabled person’s railcard

If you’re eligible you can get up to a third off rail tickets by applying for a disabled person’s railcard. You must provide evidence of a relevant disability.

Report a problem

If you’re unhappy with the help you get, complain to the train company directly.

If you cannot resolve the complaint, you may be able to complain to the Rail Ombudsman. They can only consider complaints about companies that have joined the Rail Ombudsman scheme.

Planes

Tell your airline at least 48 hours before departure if you’ll need help.

Airlines and airports have different facilities for disabled people. Find out from your airport or airline if they have the facilities you need, for example a toilet with disabled access.

Help at the airport

If you have a sensory, physical or learning disability which affects your mobility when using transport, at airports in the UK and EU you have the right to:

help at specific arrival points, such as at terminal entrances, at transport interchanges and in car parks

help to reach check-in

help with registration at check-in

help with moving through the airport if you need it, including to toilets

help to board the plane

You’ll also have the right to help because of your age or a temporary illness or injury - for example if you’ve broken your leg and it’s in a cast.

You can travel with up to 2 items of mobility equipment free of charge if you’re disabled. This will not count as part of your baggage allowance.

Help on the plane

If you have a sensory, physical or learning disability which affects your mobility on a flight, in the UK and EU you have the right to:

get information about your flight in a way you understand it

help to find a seat that is suited to your needs

help to move around the plane, including to toilets

Taking your wheelchair on the plane

You cannot take your own wheelchair into the passenger cabin of a plane - it will be stored in the hold. Speak to your airline to find out what help they’ll provide when boarding.

Tell your airline, travel agent or tour operator as soon as possible if you’re taking on a battery-powered wheelchair or mobility aid.

Travelling with a companion

You must travel with a companion if you’re not self reliant, for example if you need help with feeding, breathing, using medication or using the toilet.

The airline you’re flying with will do their best to make sure you sit next to each other, so long as you tell them at least 48 hours before departure.

Travelling with an assistance dog

You have the right to travel with your assistance dog (an assistance dog). You’ll need to follow the rules on pet travel.

Report a problem

If you’re unhappy with the help you get, complain to the airport or airline directly.

If you cannot resolve the problem with them (your airline, travel agent or tour operator), you can complain to either:

an alternative dispute resolution (ADR) body

the Civil Aviation Authority (CAA) if the airline or airport does not have an agreement with an ADR

Cars, buses and coaches

Find out what you need to do if you’re driving and you have a medical condition or disability, for example learning to drive and getting insured.

You may be able to get a Blue Badge so you can park closer to where you want to go.

The Motability Scheme

The Motability Scheme can help you with leasing a car, powered wheelchair or scooter.

Buses and coaches

You can get a bus pass for free travel if you’re disabled. Passes from councils in England can be used anywhere in England:

at any time on a Saturday, Sunday or bank holiday

from 9:30am to 11pm on any other day

For travel outside of these times (a Saturday, Sunday or bank holiday), contact the relevant council.

Help getting on and off

The law says bus and coach drivers must give reasonable assistance to disabled people, for example by helping them get on and off the bus or coach. This does not mean physically lifting passengers or heavy mobility equipment.

If you need help to get on and off a coach, you should ask for this when you book your ticket.

Report a problem

If you’re unhappy with the help you get, complain to the bus or coach service operator directly.

If you cannot resolve the problem with the operator (the bus or coach service operator), contact:

Bus Users UK for complaints about services outside of London

London TravelWatch for complaints about services in London

your local government ombudsman for complaints about bus passes

Taxis and minicabs

Licensed taxis can be hailed on the street, picked up at ranks or pre-booked, but you can only pre-book minicabs (also called ‘private hire vehicles’).

Wheelchair access

In some areas (mainly larger cities), licensed taxis have to be wheelchair accessible.

To find out if there are accessible taxis near you, contact the taxi licensing office at your local council.

London taxis

In London, all black cabs are wheelchair accessible.

Some of the newer ‘black cabs’ are also fitted with induction loops and intercoms for hearing aid users.

Assistance dogs

If you travel with an assistance dog they must be allowed into the taxi or minicab with you, unless the driver has an exemption certificate. This can be issued if they’ve got a medical condition made worse by contact with dogs.

A driver with an exemption certificate will have a ‘Notice of Exemption’ notice on their vehicle windscreen.

It’s illegal to be charged extra to travel in a taxi or minicab with an assistance dog. Otherwise the driver (A driver with an exemption certificate) could be fined up to £1,000.

The following types of dog can be taken with you in taxis or minicabs:

guide dogs

hearing dogs

assistance dogs trained by Dogs for the Disabled, Support Dogs or Canine Partners

Travelling with your dog

Taxi and private hire vehicle drivers have been told how to identify assistance dogs.

Your assistance dog should wear its harness or identification jacket when you are travelling with it. If an identification card was issued for the dog, this should also be carried.

Dogs should remain on the floor and under control at all times. If your dog causes any damage to the vehicle, the driver could ask you to pay for it.

Report a problem

As well as the rules on wheelchairs and assistance dogs, all taxi and minicab drivers must make sure they do not discriminate against you and cannot treat you less favourably than other customers. They should also make any ‘reasonable adjustments’ to their service for you to make your journey easier.

You should report any problems to the taxi licensing office at your local council.

Ships

You can get help if you’re disabled and travelling on any of the following:

a cruise ship that’s leaving from a port within the UK

a ferry that’s leaving from or going to a port within the UK

a local ferry service, for example by river bus

If you need to make specific arrangements for your journey (for example if you have certain accommodation or seating requirements), you should tell the cruise line, ferry service, travel agent or tour operator at least 48 hours before departure.

Travelling with a carer

You should let the cruise line or ferry service know if you need to travel with a carer. On a ferry, your carer might be able to travel for free.

Help getting on and off

Tell the cruise line or ferry service at least 48 hours before departure if you need help getting on and off the ship.

Report a problem

If you’re unhappy with the help you get, complain to the cruise line or ferry service company (the cruise line or ferry service) directly.

If it (a problem) cannot be resolved you can contact an independent organisation to look into your complaint.

In England or Wales, you can contact:

Association of British Travel Agents (ABTA), for complaints about ferries

London Travel Watch, for complaints about London River Bus services

Cruise Line International Association (CLIA), for complaints about cruises

In Scotland, you can contact Transport Scotland.

In Northern Ireland, you can contact the Consumer Council of Northern Ireland.

Wheelchairs

Shopmobility lends wheelchairs and powered scooters to people who are disabled so they can shop or visit leisure facilities in a town, city or shopping centre.


Penalty points (endorsements)

Overview

The courts can fine you and ‘endorse’ your driving record with penalty points if you’re convicted of a motoring offence.

Endorsements must stay on your driving record for 4 or 11 years, depending on the offence.

The endorsement and penalty points are put on your driver record. View your driving licence record to see what penalty points you have and when they’ll be removed.

You can be disqualified from driving if you build up 12 or more penalty points within a period of 3 years. There are different rules for new drivers.

Endorsement codes and processes in Northern Ireland are different.

Endorsement codes and penalty points

Each endorsement has a special code and is given ‘penalty points’ on a scale from 1 to 11. You get more points for more serious offences.

The table shows the offence codes that can be put on your driving record. It also shows how many penalty points you can get for them. Some offences may also involve a disqualification.

Offence codes and penalty points must stay on your driving record for 4 or 11 years depending on the offence.

Accident offences

These codes (Accident offences) must stay on a driving record for 4 years from the date of the offence.

Code | Offence | Penalty points

AC10 | Failing to stop after an accident | 5 to 10

AC20 | Failing to give particulars or report an accident within 24 hours | 5 to 10

AC30 | Undefined accident offences | 4 to 9

Disqualified driver

Codes BA10 and BA30 must stay on a driving record for 4 years from the date of the offence.

Code | Offence | Penalty points

BA10 | Driving while disqualified by order of court | 6

BA30 | Attempting to drive while disqualified by order of court | 6

Codes BA40 and BA60 must stay on a driving record for 4 years from the date of the conviction.

Code | Offence | Penalty points

BA40 | Causing death by driving while disqualified | 3 to 11

BA60 | Causing serious injury by driving while disqualified | 3 to 11

Careless driving

Codes CD10 to CD30 must stay on a driving record for 4 years from the date of the offence.

Code | Offence | Penalty points

CD10 | Driving without due care and attention | 3 to 9

CD20 | Driving without reasonable consideration for other road users | 3 to 9

CD30 | Driving without due care and attention or without reasonable consideration for other road users | 3 to 9

Codes CD40 to CD70 must stay on a driving record for 11 years from the date of the conviction.

Code | Offence | Penalty points

CD40 | Causing death through careless driving when unfit through drink | 3 to 11

CD50 | Causing death by careless driving when unfit through drugs | 3 to 11

CD60 | Causing death by careless driving with alcohol level above the limit | 3 to 11

CD70 | Causing death by careless driving then failing to supply a specimen for alcohol analysis | 3 to 11

Codes CD80 and CD90 must stay on a driving record for 4 years from the date of the conviction.

Code | Offence | Penalty points

CD80 | Causing death by careless, or inconsiderate, driving | 3 to 11

CD90 | Causing death by driving: unlicensed, disqualified or uninsured drivers | 3 to 11

Construction and use offences

These codes must stay on a driving record for 4 years from the date of the offence.

Code | Offence | Penalty points

CU10 | Using a vehicle with defective brakes | 3

CU20 | Causing or likely to cause danger by reason of use of unsuitable vehicle or using a vehicle with parts or accessories (excluding brakes, steering or tyres) in a dangerous condition | 3

CU30 | Using a vehicle with defective tyre(s) | 3

CU40 | Using a vehicle with defective steering | 3

CU50 | Causing or likely to cause danger by reason of load or passengers | 3

CU80 | Breach of requirements as to control of the vehicle, such as using a mobile phone | 3 to 6

Reckless/dangerous driving

These codes must stay on a driving record for 4 years from the date of the conviction.

Code | Offence | Penalty points

DD10 | Causing serious injury by dangerous driving | 3 to 11

DD40 | Dangerous driving | 3 to 11

DD60 | Manslaughter or culpable homicide while driving a vehicle | 3 to 11

DD80 | Causing death by dangerous driving | 3 to 11

DD90 | Furious driving | 3 to 9

Drink

Codes DR10 to DR61 must stay on a driving record for 11 years from the date of the conviction.

Code | Offence | Penalty points

DR10 | Driving or attempting to drive with alcohol level above limit | 3 to 11

DR20 | Driving or attempting to drive while unfit through drink | 3 to 11

DR30 | Driving or attempting to drive then failing to supply a specimen for analysis | 3 to 11

DR31 | Driving or attempting to drive then refusing to give permission for analysis of a blood sample that was taken without consent due to incapacity | 3 to 11

DR61 | Refusing to give permission for analysis of a blood sample that was taken without consent due to incapacity in circumstances other than driving or attempting to drive | 10

Codes DR40 to DR70 must stay on a driving record for 4 years from the date of the offence or 4 years from date of conviction where a disqualification is imposed.

Code | Offence | Penalty points

DR40 | In charge of a vehicle while alcohol level above limit | 10

DR50 | In charge of a vehicle while unfit through drink | 10

DR60 | Failure to provide a specimen for analysis in circumstances other than driving or attempting to drive | 10

DR70 | Failing to co-operate with a preliminary test | 4

Drugs

These codes must stay on a driving record for 11 years from the date of the conviction.

Code | Offence | Penalty points

DG10 | Driving or attempting to drive with drug level above the specified limit | 3 to 11

DG60 | Causing death by careless driving with drug level above the limit | 3 to 11

DR80 | Driving or attempting to drive when unfit through drugs | 3 to 11

These codes must stay on a driving record for 4 years from the date of the offence or 4 years from date of conviction where a disqualification is imposed.

Code | Offence | Penalty points

DG40 | In charge of a vehicle while drug level above specified limit | 10

DR90 | In charge of a vehicle when unfit through drugs | 10

Insurance offences

Code IN10 must stay on a driving record for 4 years from the date of the offence.

Code | Offence | Penalty points

IN10 | Using a vehicle uninsured against third party risks | 6 to 8

Licence offences

These codes must stay on a driving record for 4 years from the date of the offence.

Code | Offence | Penalty points

LC20 | Driving otherwise than in accordance with a licence | 3 to 6

LC30 | Driving after making a false declaration about fitness when applying for a licence | 3 to 6

LC40 | Driving a vehicle having failed to notify a disability | 3 to 6

LC50 | Driving after a licence has been cancelled (revoked) or refused on medical grounds | 3 to 6

Miscellaneous offences

Code | Offence | Penalty points

MS10 | Leaving a vehicle in a dangerous position | 3

MS20 | Unlawful pillion riding | 3

MS30 | Play street offences | 2

MS50 | Motor racing on the highway | 3 to 11

MS60 | Offences not covered by other codes (including offences relating to breach of requirements as to control of vehicle) | 3

MS70 | Driving with uncorrected defective eyesight | 3

MS80 | Refusing to submit to an eyesight test | 3

MS90 | Failure to give information as to identity of driver etc | 6

Motorway offences

Code MW10 must stay on a driving record for 4 years from the date of the offence.

Code | Offence | Penalty points

MW10 | Contravention of special roads regulations (excluding speed limits) | 3

Pedestrian crossings

Code | Offence | Penalty points

PC10 | Undefined contravention of pedestrian crossing regulations | 3

PC20 | Contravention of pedestrian crossing regulations with moving vehicle | 3

PC30 | Contravention of pedestrian crossing regulations with stationary vehicle | 3

Speed limits

Code | Offence | Penalty points

SP10 | Exceeding goods vehicle speed limits | 3 to 6

SP20 | Exceeding speed limit for type of vehicle (excluding goods or passenger vehicles) | 3 to 6

SP30 | Exceeding statutory speed limit on a public road | 3 to 6

SP40 | Exceeding passenger vehicle speed limit | 3 to 6

SP50 | Exceeding speed limit on a motorway | 3 to 6

Traffic direction and signs

These codes must stay on a driving record for 4 years from the date of the offence.

Code | Offence | Penalty points

TS10 | Failing to comply with traffic light signals | 3

TS20 | Failing to comply with double white lines | 3

TS30 | Failing to comply with ‘stop’ sign | 3

TS40 | Failing to comply with direction of a constable/warden | 3

TS50 | Failing to comply with traffic sign (excluding  ‘stop’ signs, traffic lights or double white lines) | 3

TS60 | Failing to comply with a school crossing patrol sign | 3

TS70 | Undefined failure to comply with a traffic direction sign | 3

Special code

Code TT99 must stay on a driving record for 4 years from the date of conviction.

It shows disqualification under ‘totting-up’ - if the total of penalty points reaches 12 or more within 3 years, the driver can be disqualified.

Theft or unauthorised taking

Code UT50 must stay on a driving record for 4 years from the date of the offence.

Code | Offence | Penalty points

UT50 | Aggravated taking of a vehicle | 3 to 11

‘Mutual recognition’ codes

You’ll get an ‘MR’ code on your driving record if you’re disqualified while driving in Northern Ireland or the Isle of Man. Your disqualification period will also be valid in GB and will stay on your record for 4 years from the date of conviction.

Code | Offence

MR09 | Reckless or dangerous driving (whether or not resulting in death, injury or serious risk)

MR19 | Wilful failure to carry out the obligation placed on driver after being involved in a road accident (hit or run)

MR29 | Driving a vehicle while under the influence of alcohol or other substance affecting or diminishing the mental and physical abilities of a driver

MR39 | Driving a vehicle faster than the permitted speed

MR49 | Driving a vehicle whilst disqualified

MR59 | Other conduct constituting an offence for which a driving disqualification has been imposed by the State of Offence

Aiding, abetting, counselling or procuring offences

For these offences, the codes are similar, but with the number 0 on the code changed to 2.

For example, code LC20 (driving otherwise than in accordance with a licence) becomes code LC22 on your driving record if you have helped someone to do this.

Causing or permitting offences

For these offences, the codes are similar, but with the number 0 on the code changed to 4.

For example, LC20 (driving otherwise than in accordance with a licence) becomes LC24 on your licence if you’ve caused or permitted someone to do this.

Inciting offences

For these offences, the codes are similar, but with the number 0 on the code changed to 6.

For example, DD40 (dangerous driving) becomes DD46 on your driving record if you’ve incited someone to do this (driving).

How long endorsements stay on your driving record

Endorsements stay on your driving record for 4 or 11 years depending on the offence. This can start from either the date you’re convicted or the date of your offence.

The endorsement (endorsements) is ‘valid’ for the first:

3 years, for a 4-year endorsement

10 years, for an 11-year endorsement

A court can take your endorsement (an 11-year endorsement) into account if both:

you commit another offence while it (endorsements)’s valid

the endorsement (endorsements) is still on your driving record when the court considers your case

Other people, like insurers and employers, may be able to find out that you have the endorsement (endorsements):

any time during a 4-year endorsement

during the first 5 years of an 11-year endorsement, or the first 30 months if you’re under 18

4 years from date of conviction

An endorsement will stay on a driving record for 4 years from the date of conviction (date of conviction) if the offence:

is for reckless/dangerous driving - shown on the driving record as DD40, DD60 and DD80

results in disqualification

4 years from the date of offence (date of conviction)

In all other cases endorsements stay on your driving record for 4 years from the date of offence (date of conviction).

11 years from date of conviction

If the offence is:

drink driving or drug driving - shown on the driving record as DR10, DR20, DR30, DR31, DR61 and DR80 (DD80)

causing death by careless driving while under the influence of drink or drugs – shown on the driving record as CD40, CD50 and CD60 (DD60)

causing death by careless driving, then failing to provide a specimen for analysis – shown on the driving record as CD70

New drivers

Your licence will be cancelled (revoked) if you get 6 or more points within 2 years of passing your test.

Points on your provisional licence

Any penalty points on your provisional licence that have not expired will be carried over to your full licence when you pass your test. However, your licence (your provisional licence) will be cancelled if you get any further penalty points that take you up to a total of 6 or more within 2 years of passing your driving test.

If your licence is cancelled within 2 years

You’ll have to apply and pay for a new provisional licence and pass both theory and practical parts of the driving or riding test again to get a full licence.

If you have not sent off for your full licence

You must retake both parts of your driving test if your licence has been cancelled after you’ve passed your test (your driving test), but you have not sent off for your full licence yet. You can use your current provisional licence to take the tests.

Who’s covered by the rules

These rules (the rules) apply to all new drivers who passed their first driving test in:

Great Britain

Northern Ireland

Isle of Man

Channel Islands

Gibraltar

the European Community (EC) and European Economic Area (EEA)

The EC/EEA countries are:

Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Republic of Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Liechtenstein, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovenia, Slovakia, Spain and Sweden.

There is not another 2 year period if you pass a test for another category of vehicle, for example to drive a heavy goods vehicle.

Foreign licences

The rules also apply if you exchange a foreign driving licence for a British licence and then pass a further driving test in Great Britain.

Handing over your driving licence for endorsement

If you get an endorsement you’ll need to hand over your licence to either the police, a fixed penalty office (FPO) or when you appear in court.

Your fixed penalty notice will tell you how to find your local FPO.

You’ll need to get a replacement if you’ve lost your licence.

If your driving licence is not returned to you, contact the FPO or court you sent it to, unless your licence has been sent to DVLA.

When your licence is sent to DVLA

The FPO or court (the FPO or court you sent it to) will send your driving licence to DVLA if:

the licence has been cancelled (‘revoked’) by a court

you’re a new driver and you’ve been given more than 6 penalty points

the licence you gave the court (a court) (a court) is invalid

you’ve let DVLA know that you’ve changed your address

If your licence is sent to DVLA because you’ve changed your address, it’ll be returned to you within 3 weeks.

Removing expired endorsements from your driving record

Most expired endorsements will automatically be removed from your driving record when they’re no longer valid.

The length of time they (Most expired endorsements) stay on your record (your driving record) depends on how serious the offence was.

How to check your endorsement details

View your driving licence record (your driving record) to see what penalty points you have and when they’ll be removed.

You can also contact DVLA.

Incorrect endorsement details on your licence

Contact the court that convicted if your endorsement details are shown incorrectly on your driving licence.


Change your vehicle's tax class

Vehicle changes that affect tax

If you make changes to your vehicle it could affect:

how much vehicle tax you pay

your vehicle’s tax class

Changes that affect your vehicle (your vehicle’s) include:

the engine size (cc)

the fuel type

the weight (goods vehicles only)

the number of seats (buses only)

what you use the vehicle (your vehicle’s) for, for example using a minibus for profit

You will not have to pay vehicle tax or will pay a lower rate if it (a minibus)’s being used by:

a disabled person

an organisation providing transport for disabled people

How to change your vehicle’s tax class

How you change your vehicle’s tax class depends on if:

the tax is due to run out (you’ve had a reminder or ‘last chance’ warning letter)

the tax is not due to run out

you’re changing whether or not the vehicle (your vehicle) is exempt from vehicle tax, for example changing a car into or out of the disabled tax class

Work out the new tax rate

You need to work out if you’ll need to pay more tax because of the change.

Find out the new rate of vehicle tax (the new tax rate).

Work out the difference between the old and new rates of your vehicle tax. For example, if the old rate is £100 and the new rate is £130, the difference is £30.

Divide the difference by the number of months you pay your tax over. For example, £30 divided by 12 months is £2.50.

Multiply this (£30) by the number of months remaining on the tax. For example, £2.50 multiplied by 4 months is £10.

Pay the extra vehicle tax. In this example you would need to pay £10 extra tax.

If the tax rate increases

You have to pay the increased rate from the first day of the month you change the tax rate in.

If the tax rate decreases

You pay the decreased rate from the first day of the next month.

Tax is not due to run out

Use form V70 to change your vehicle’s tax class if the tax is not due to run out.

You apply a different way if you’ve had a reminder letter or ‘last chance’ warning letter.

What to send

Send the form (form V70) to DVLA with:

the V5C vehicle registration certificate (log book) with any changes marked on it (form V70)

a cheque or postal order made payable to ‘DVLA, Swansea’ for any extra vehicle tax you have to pay - damaged or altered cheques will not be accepted

a current MOT certificate (if your vehicle needs one)

written proof if you’ve decreased engine size or changed fuel type, for example a new engine receipt or letter from the garage that made the change (change)

an insurance certificate or cover note (only in Northern Ireland)

If you do not have the V5C, download and fill in a V62 form. Send it to DVLA with the £25 fee.

Lorries and buses

You also need to send the following if they’re required for your vehicle:

a plating or weight certificate

for buses only - a certificate of initial fitness, certificate of conformity or equivalent PSV401, PSV408, PDV500 or PSV506

What happens next

You’ll get a confirmation from DVLA that the change (change) has been made.

DVLA will send you an updated V5C.

You’ll get a refund if you’re due one. It will take longer than usual to send your refund because of coronavirus (COVID-19).

You can still use your vehicle while your application is being processed.

Tax is due to run out or changing if the vehicle is exempt

Change your vehicle’s tax class at a Post Office that deals with vehicle tax if either:

the vehicle tax (Tax) is due to run out (you’ve had a reminder or ‘last chance’ warning letter)

you’re changing whether a vehicle is exempt from vehicle tax or not, for example, it’s being used by a disabled person

If you’re eligible for a vehicle tax reduction because you’re disabled, you need to apply by post to DVLA.

What to take to the Post Office

Vehicle registration documents

Take the V5C registration certificate (log book) in your name.

If you do not have one, you’ll need:

a completed application for a new registration certificate - either download form V62 or get it from the Post Office

your ‘new keeper’ slip, if you’ve just bought the vehicle

A new registration certificate is free if you have a ‘new keeper’ slip (your ‘new keeper’ slip). Otherwise the cost is £25.

Other documents

You must also take:

your vehicle tax reminder letter (V11) if you have one

an MOT certificate that’s valid when the tax (vehicle tax) starts, or evidence if your vehicle’s exempt from an MOT (V112)

evidence of any eligibility for a disability exemption

payment for vehicle tax (if you have to pay for your new tax class)

If you drive a lorry or bus, you also need to take the vehicle’s (a vehicle) latest annual test certificate or exemption (V112G).

What happens next

The Post Office sends your V5C, new keeper slip or V62 to DVLA.

You’ll get a confirmation from DVLA that the change has been made.

DVLA will send you an updated V5C.

DVLA will send you a refund if you’re due one. It will take longer than usual to send your refund because of coronavirus (COVID-19).


Pass Plus

Overview

Pass Plus is a practical training course that takes at least 6 hours and is for drivers to improve their skills and drive more safely.

It can be taken at any time although it should be most useful to new drivers in the year after passing their test.

You’ll need a Pass Plus registered approved driving instructor (ADI) to teach you.

It may help you get a car insurance discount if you successfully complete the course.

Booking Pass Plus

You need to book Pass Plus with an approved driving instructor (ADI) who is registered with Pass Plus.

You can contact the Driver and Vehicle Standards Agency (DVSA) to check if an instructor is registered with Pass Plus. You’ll need their name and ADI number.

Fees

Pass Plus fees depend on where you live, the instructor or driving school and how long your training takes.

Some local councils can offer discounts off the full Pass Plus training costs.

Local councils offering discounts

Contact your borough, town, city or county council if they are listed to see if they can help you with the cost of your training.

You must live in the council’s (your borough, town, city or county council) area to be eligible for the discount.

East Midlands

North-west

South-east

South-west

Scotland

Wales

All local councils in Wales offer discounted Pass Plus courses. Go to Pass Plus Cymru for more information.

How Pass Plus training works

Pass Plus training takes at least 6 hours. It (Pass Plus training) has 6 modules, covering driving:

in town

in all weathers

on rural roads

at night

on dual carriageways

on motorways

All modules should be practical sessions, although local conditions may mean some are theory based. You’ll normally spend at least 5.5 hours driving.

You will not take a test but you’ll be assessed throughout the course (Pass Plus training). To pass you’ll have to reach the required standard in all modules.

Contact the Driver and Vehicle Standards Agency (DVSA) Pass Plus team for more information.

Apply for a Pass Plus certificate

You must apply for your own Pass Plus certificate if you want one.

You need a certificate if you want a discount on your car insurance.

You’ll get a training report form from your instructor when you’ve reached the required standard in all modules. You and your instructor must sign the form.

Contact the Driver and Vehicle Standards Agency (DVSA) Pass Plus team to apply for your certificate.

Car insurance discounts

Once you’ve completed Pass Plus you may be able to get a car insurance discount. You’ll need your Pass Plus certificate.

Check with insurers that you can still get a discount if you passed your practical driving test more than a year ago.

The amount of discount depends on the insurance company. Not all insurers offer Pass Plus discounts.

You might be able to put the discount on hold for up to 2 years if you do not have a car at the moment - check with the insurance company first.


Riding a motorcycle, moped or motor tricycle

Overview

There are different rules if you held a motorcycle or moped licence before 19 January 2013.

To ride on public roads you first need to get a provisional licence and then complete compulsory basic training (CBT) to get a certificate.

You must pass both parts of your practical test within 2 years of taking the theory test. If you do not, you’ll have to start the process again.

Motorcycles

There are different categories of motorbike - you’ll need to get the right entitlement on your licence and be old enough to do so.

Mopeds

The way moped entitlements are shown on your licence have changed, but you still need to be 16 to ride one.

The rules are different if you already have a car driving licence.

Motor tricycles

Provisional category B car licences and provisional category A licences now only cover you to ride motor tricycles if you have a physical disability. Driving tests for 3-wheeled vehicles are only available for physically disabled drivers.

If you’re not physically disabled and want to ride a motor tricycle you’ll now need to get the right provisional entitlement and pass CBT (compulsory basic training (CBT)).

You can drive a motor tricycle of any power rating if both of the following are true:

you’re over 21

you have a full car driving licence

You’ll need a full category A1 motorbike licence to ride motor tricycles up to power output 15 Kilowatts (kW), and a full category A motorbike licence to ride trikes with a power output more than 15 kW.

Once you’ve done your CBT you have 2 years to pass your theory and motorcycle tests or you’ll have to do CBT again.

If you have a full EU driving licence

Before you can take a CBT course you must either:

exchange your licence (a full EU driving licence) for a Great Britain (GB) licence

register your licence with DVLA

If you register your EU driving licence (a full EU driving licence), you’ll have to exchange it (a full EU driving licence) for a GB licence after you’ve passed your theory and practical test.

Learning to ride

You need to have the right provisional driving licence when you’re learning to ride.

If you’re using your own vehicle you’ll need to make sure it:

has a valid V5C registration certificate (log book)

is taxed

has an MOT (if needed)

You’ll also need adequate motor insurance.

Official Driver and Vehicle Standards Agency (DVSA) guides

You can buy the official DVSA (DVLA) guide to learning to ride and the DVSA (DVLA) guide to riding - the essential skills.

Taking the full motorcycle tests

All riders have to pass the theory test before taking the motorcycle practical test.

Enhanced rider scheme

Once you’ve passed your motorcycle test you can take the enhanced rider scheme (Enhanced rider scheme). It (Enhanced rider scheme) checks your riding skills and provides training to help you improve. You can get discounts on motorbike insurance if you successfully complete the scheme (Enhanced rider scheme).

More information

Read DVLA’s (DVLA) routes to your motorcycle licence flowchart for step-by-step instructions on how to get a moped or motorbike licence.

Licences issued before 19 January 2013

If you held a motorcycle or moped licence before 19 January 2013 then you’ll keep your existing entitlements and can still ride the same kind of bikes as you did before.

However, if you get a new licence your entitlements (your existing entitlements) may be shown differently.

You’ll have to follow the new rules if you want to get higher entitlements - eg ride a larger motorbike.

Mopeds

Changes to moped categories

If you’re already licensed to ride a moped your driving licence will show as category P.

The new rules will not affect you, but any new licences issued to you will show categories AM and Q, as well as category P. This means you will also be allowed to ride 2 or 3-wheeled mopeds with a top speed of 50 km/h.

Car driving test passed before 1 February 2001

You do not need to take compulsory basic training (CBT) to ride a moped if you passed your car driving test before 1 February 2001. You’ll still need to complete CBT to ride a motorbike, however.

Car driving test passed on or after 1 February 2001

You need to take CBT to ride a moped if you passed your car driving test on or after 1 February 2001.

However, you will not need to take further theory and practical tests or take CBT again.

Motorcycles

If you’re already licensed to ride a motorcycle, your licence should show category A. This will be the same if you renew or replace your licence after 19 January 2013.

Motor tricycles

If you hold category B1 entitlement (trikes and quads), when you renew or replace your licence after 19 January 2013 it (Motor tricycles) will show categories B1 and A. The A entitlement will be limited to tricycles and you will not be able to ride motorbikes you were not previously allowed to.

Provisional licences now only cover you to ride motor tricycles if you have a physical disability. Driving tests for 3-wheeled vehicles are only available for physically disabled drivers.

Non-disabled drivers who want to ride motor tricycles need to pass CBT and the theory and practical tests on a 2-wheeled motorbike.

Bike categories, ages and licence requirements

| Licence category | Requirements for licence | Minimum age

Mopeds with speed range of 25 km/h to 45 km/h | AM | Compulsory basic training (CBT), theory test, practical test on all powered 2-wheeled moped | 16

Small 3-wheelers (up to 50 cc and below 4 kW) | AM | CBT, theory test, practical test | 16

Light quadricycles (weighing under 350 kg, top speed 45 km/h) | AM | CBT, theory test, practical test | 16

Same as AM plus 2 or 3-wheeled mopeds with top speed of 25 km/h | Q | Granted with AM | 16

Light motorcycle up to 11 kW (and a power-to-weight ratio not more than 0.1 kW per kg) and 125 cc | A1 | CBT, theory test, practical test | 17

Motor tricycles with a power output not more than 15 kW | A1 | CBT, theory test, practical test | 17

Standard motorcycle up to 35 kW (and a power-to-weight ratio not more than 0.2 kW per kg), bike must not be derived from vehicle more than twice its power | A2 | Direct access route - theory and practicalProgressive access route - 2 years experience on A1 motorbike and a further practical test | 19

Unrestricted motorcycles in size/power, with or without a sidecar, and motor tricycles with power output over 15 kW | A | Direct access route - CBT theory and practical (you must be at least 24)Progressive access route - held an A2 licence for a minimum of 2 years - practical test (21 or over) | 24 (direct) or 21 (progressive access)

You do not need to take the theory or motorcycle tests to apply for a provisional licence.

Read about the rules for the motorcycle theory test and practical riding test.

Safety equipment

Helmet

You must wear a safety helmet when riding a motorcycle on the road. All helmets sold in the UK must comply with at least 1 of these:

British Standard BS 6658:1985 and carry the BSI (British Standards Institution) Kitemark

UNECE Regulation 22.05

any standard accepted by a member of the European Economic Area which offers a level of safety and protection equivalent to BS 6658:1985 and carry a mark equivalent to the BSI Kitemark

You must wear glasses or contact lenses when you ride if you need them to read a number plate at the prescribed distance.

Visors and goggles

Your visors or goggles must comply with either:

a British Standard and displays a BSI Kitemark

a European standard which offers a level of safety and protection at least equivalent to the British Standard (a British Standard) and carries a mark equivalent to the BSI Kitemark (ECE 22-05)


Learning to drive a tractor or specialist vehicle

Driving licence requirements

If you pass a regular car driving test (category B) you’ll get entitlement to drive:

agricultural tractors (category F)

mowing machines or pedestrian-controlled vehicles (category K)

For all other categories you need the correct full licence to drive the tractor or special vehicle on the road.

To get this you first need to get the right provisional driving licence entitlement and then pass a tractor or specialist vehicle driving test.

Exemptions

You do not need a licence to drive or operate:

a tractor or specialist vehicle off the public road (there are age limits)

pedestrian-controlled mowing machines (you must be at least 16)

electric bikes

mobility scooters or powered wheelchairs

You do need a driving licence to drive quad bikes on the road.

Road rollers and tracked vehicles

You need a full category B car licence with provisional entitlement for categories G and H to drive:

road rollers (category G)

tracked vehicles (category H)

Find out how to add higher categories to your driving licence.

Age limits

| Category | Minimum age

Agricultural tractors | F | 16/17*

Road rollers | G | 21**

Tracked vehicles | H | 17/21***

Mowing machine or pedestrian-controlled vehicle | K | 16

*If you’re 16 you can only drive tractors less than 2.45 metres wide and tow trailers less than 2.45 metres wide with 2 wheels, or 4 wheels close-coupled (close together).

**If you’re between 17 and 20 these must be small road road-rollers with metal or hard rollers. They cannot be steam powered, weigh more than 11,960kg or be made for carrying loads.

***If you’re between 17 and 20 the Maximum Authorised Mass (MAM) of the vehicle cannot be more than 3,500kg. (Maximum Authorised Mass is the maximum weight of a vehicle including the maximum load that can be carried safely while used on the road.)

Practising driving a tractor or specialist vehicle

You can get a provisional licence for a tractor or specialist vehicle at 16, but you cannot practise driving them on the road until you’re 17.

The only exception is when you’re driving to or from your practical driving test.

You must be accompanied by a qualified driver if the vehicle was made with a passenger seat. Removing a seat is not allowed.

Other rules for practising

You need to display L plates (L or D plates in Wales) when you’re practising driving a tractor or specialist vehicle on public roads.

Your vehicle must also be properly insured and roadworthy.

Finding an instructor

You might be able to use an approved driving instructor (ADI) if you’re learning to drive a vehicle with controls similar to a car and with 2 front seats.

Your instructor may have to walk alongside you calling out advice if your vehicle (the vehicle) does not have space for 2 people on board.

Driving tests for tractors and specialist vehicles

The type of driving test you have to do depends on the type of vehicle.

Category F, G, H or K vehicles

The examiner will give you instructions at the side of the road and watch how you:

drive as you go around left and right circuits

turn round using forward and reverse gears

For very slow vehicles, like pedestrian-controlled vehicles, your examiner may walk near you where they can watch your driving.

You’ll also have an eyesight test and at the end of the category F, G, H or K test, you’ll be asked 5 questions on the Highway Code and other motoring matters. You’ll then be asked to identify 6 different traffic signs.

Category H (H) tests

In category H driving tests you need to drive the vehicle backwards and turn it around, using its tracks, so it’s facing the opposite direction.

Your examiner will tell you how you should make this manoeuvre (turn).

Documents you need to bring to your test

You must bring either:

a valid, signed photocard driving licence from the UK or an EU country

an old-style valid, signed UK paper driving licence along with a valid passport

Cancelled tests

You might be able to apply for a refund of out-of-pocket expenses if the Driver and Vehicle Standards Agency (DVSA) cancels your test at short notice.

Rules for test vehicles

All test vehicles have to meet certain rules, depending on their category.

Category B1 - quadricycles and light 4-wheeled vehicles

You can only take a test on a category B1 vehicle if you’re registered as disabled.

The vehicle (a category B1 vehicle) must:

weigh no more than 550kg unladen

be able to drive at 37mph

Category F - tractors

Category F includes tractors with 2 or more axles, built for off-road agriculture or forestry work.

Category G - road rollers

If you’re between 17 and 20, these (Category G - road rollers) must be small road rollers with metal or hard rollers. They cannot:

be steam powered

weigh more than 11,690kg

be made for carrying loads

Category H - tracked vehicles

Category H vehicles must have adequate all-round visibility to let the driver carry out manoeuvres and deal with junctions safely.

Any vehicle needing a second person to help with observation, such as a military vehicle, cannot be used for a category H test.

Category K - mowing machines or pedestrian-controlled vehicles

A mowing machine is a specialist ride-on grass-cutting vehicle with permanent cutting equipment. You must be 16 to use this type of vehicle.

A pedestrian-controlled vehicle is where the operator walks with but doesn’t ride on the vehicle (a category B1 vehicle). You do not need a licence to operate one.


Vehicle registration schemes for the motor trade

Overview

There are 3 vehicle registration schemes for the motor trade. They are:

the non-secure registration scheme

the secure registration scheme

the Register a Vehicle (RaV) service

You can use these schemes (3 vehicle registration schemes for the motor trade) if you’re a:

vehicle manufacturer

sole or multiple import concessionaire

VAT-registered motor vehicle trader

Using the schemes (3 vehicle registration schemes for the motor trade)

When you first start registering vehicles, you have to use the non-secure scheme (the non-secure registration scheme). The other 2 schemes are designed to speed up the vehicle registration process.

You can apply to the secure scheme (the secure registration scheme) when you’ve been using the non-secure scheme (the non-secure registration scheme) without irregularities or issues for 6 months.

You need to have used the secure scheme (the secure registration scheme) for 3 months if you want to use the RaV service (the Register a Vehicle (RaV) service).

The Vehicle Register

This (the secure registration scheme) is maintained by DVLA. It (the secure registration scheme)’s based on the information provided on the V55 registration form or by the RaV service (the Register a Vehicle (RaV) service).

Non-secure registration scheme (the non-secure registration scheme)

You need to complete form V55/4 and send it (the V55 registration form) to DVLA Swansea, SA99 1BE with one of the following documents:

a valid ‘CoC’ (certificate of conformity)

the correct vehicle type approval certificate

a Vehicle Certification Agency certificate of British National Type Approval (goods vehicles and mutual recognition)

Send the documents along with:

the registration fee

the licence fee

the appropriate customs form for an imported vehicle

a certificate of newness (if applicable)

approved identity documents confirming your name and address

a foreign registration document (for used, imported vehicles)

You can only apply to use the secure registration scheme after you’ve been using the non-secure scheme (the non-secure registration scheme) without irregularities or issues for 6 months.

Secure registration scheme (the secure registration scheme)

When your company has been approved to use this scheme (the secure registration scheme), some of the documentation needed for the non-secure scheme (the non-secure registration scheme) is no longer required.

Instead, you complete the registration process by transferring the data from one of the following onto the V55/1 or V55/2 form:

European Community Whole Vehicle Type Approval Certificate

National Small Series Type Approval Certificate

Goods Vehicle National Type Approval Certificate

You register vehicles by sending the following to DVLA Swansea, SA99 1BE:

a completed V55/1 or V55/2 form

the registration fee and the fee to tax a vehicle

There’s no need to provide evidence of newness with your V55/1 or V55/2 form.

Contact one of the following trade associations to get a V55/1 or V55/2 form:

Society of Motor Manufacturers and Traders

Motor Cycle Industry Association

Agricultural Engineers Association

Or write to:

You can also order the forms by faxing 01792 783525 or emailing stores.order.forms@dvla.gov.uk.

Modified vehicles

Vehicles modified before registration - for example with different wheels, tyres or a silencer - may need a:

Single Vehicle Approval inspection

Individual Vehicle Approval inspection

Motorcycle Vehicle Approval inspection

further type approval work

These vehicles (Modified vehicles) then need to be registered using the non-secure system with one of the above certificates.

Vehicles modified through the multi-stage build process and then type approved, or those using the enhancement scheme, can be registered using the secure registration scheme.

How to apply

Email secureformsscheme@dvla.gov.uk to apply.

They will send you an application pack and guidance notes.

When you’ve used the secure registration scheme for 3 months, you can apply to use the Register a Vehicle (RaV) service.

Register a Vehicle service (the Register a Vehicle (RaV) service)

The Register a Vehicle (RaV) service is a web-based version of the secure registration scheme and it (the Register a Vehicle (RaV) service) can save you time if you decide to join it (the Register a Vehicle (RaV) service).

Before applying for the RaV service (the Register a Vehicle (RaV) service) you must:

be approved to register vehicles using the secure registration scheme

have used the secure scheme (the secure registration scheme) for at least 3 months

DVLA staff will provide initial training in the system and there’s also a helpdesk that operates from Monday to Friday, 8am to 5pm.

Vehicle Certification Agency (VCA) control check arrangements

You still need to maintain the same paper records for the RaV service (the Register a Vehicle (RaV) service), as you did for the secure registration scheme.

These could include:

V55 document security (when used as back up for printer or computer failure or other registration purposes)

derogation forms from potential new vehicle suppliers

spot check records

The DVLA or VCA (Vehicle Certification Agency (VCA)) may visit you to make sure control checks and security systems are being maintained.

How to apply

Email rav@dvla.gov.uk if you register your vehicles on forms V55/1 or V55/2.

Email secureformsscheme@dvla.gov.uk if:

you register your vehicles on form V55/4

you want to register for the secure registration scheme before joining the RaV service (the Register a Vehicle (RaV) service)

If your application is successful, you’ll be told how to sign in to the RaV service (the Register a Vehicle (RaV) service).


Appeal against a penalty charge notice

Appealing to an independent tribunal

You may be able to appeal to an independent tribunal against a penalty charge notice (PCN) if you think it’s wrong.

You can only do this (appeal) if you’ve already tried making making a formal challenge (‘representation’).

This includes any PCN issued in England or Wales for:

parking

breaking traffic rules, for example going against a ‘no right turn’ sign or driving in a bus lane when you shouldn’t

not paying the Dartford Crossing, London congestion or low emissions zone charge on time

There are different ways to appeal in Scotland and Northern Ireland.

When to appeal

You then have 28 days to appeal after you get a ‘notice of rejection’ to say your formal challenge has failed.

How to appeal

Find out how to appeal to:

London Tribunals if your PCN was issued in London

the Traffic Penalty Tribunal if your PCN was issued outside London, in England or Wales - this includes PCNs from Dart Charge

If your appeal is successful the PCN (a penalty charge notice (PCN)) will be cancelled and you won’t have to pay anything.

If your appeal fails

You’ll have 28 days to pay the penalty charge notice (PCN) (a penalty charge notice (PCN)) if your appeal is refused.

If you don’t pay within 28 days

You’ll get a ‘charge certificate’ and you’ll have to pay 50% more within 14 days.

You’ll get a court order demanding payment if you don’t pay a charge certificate within 14 days.

If you get a court order

You’ll have 21 days to pay the penalty charge notice (PCN) (a penalty charge notice (PCN)) or challenge a court order demanding payment (known as an ‘order of recovery’).

Bailiffs (‘enforcement agents’) will be told to visit your home to collect what you owe if you don’t pay or challenge within 21 days.

When you can challenge

You can challenge an order of recovery if you:

didn’t get a ‘notice to owner’ telling you how to make a formal challenge

made a formal challenge on time but didn’t get a ‘notice of rejection’

appealed to an independent tribunal on time but didn’t get a response

have proof you’ve paid the penalty charge, such as a credit card statement

How to challenge

The form you use to challenge an order of recovery depends on whether it relates to:

a parking PCN - use form TE9

a Dart Charge PCN - use form TE9 Dart Charge

a low emission zone PCN - use form PE3 vehicle emissions

any other PCN, for example for driving in a bus lane - use form PE3

Send it (form PE3) to the Traffic Enforcement Centre (TEC) within 21 days.

You may be able to get more time to challenge an order of recovery.

If your challenge is successful

The order of recovery (an order of recovery) will be withdrawn and bailiffs won’t be able to seize your property.

The council or authority that issued the PCN (a penalty charge notice (PCN)) will then do one of the following:

cancel the PCN (a penalty charge notice (PCN)), for example because you paid it (a penalty charge notice (PCN)) in full

issue a new notice to owner - you’ll have 28 days to pay or challenge

refer your case to an independent tribunal

Getting more time to challenge a court order

You can ask for more time to challenge a court order (‘order of recovery’) if you:

were contacted about a penalty charge notice (PCN) you didn’t know about

were contacted about a paid or cancelled PCN

didn’t get a response to your formal challenge (‘representation’) or appeal

Do this (ask) by making an ‘out of time’ challenge to the order of recovery (an order of recovery).

Making an ‘out of time’ challenge

Use an ‘out of time’ form to explain why you’re making a late challenge. Send it (form PE3) with the form you need to challenge the order of recovery (an order of recovery).

The ‘out of time’ form you use (form PE3) depends on whether it (form PE3) relates to:

a parking PCN

a Dart Charge PCN

any other PCN - for example for driving in a bus lane

What happens next

Bailiffs will be told to stop any action while your ‘out of time’ challenge (an ‘out of time’ challenge) is considered by the council or authority that issued the PCN (a penalty charge notice (PCN)).

If your ‘out of time’ challenge (an ‘out of time’ challenge) is accepted

Bailiffs will have to return any property they seized and the council or authority (The council or authority that issued the PCN (a penalty charge notice (PCN))) will decide what happens next if your challenge (an ‘out of time’ challenge) is successful.

If your ‘out of time’ challenge (an ‘out of time’ challenge) is refused

The Traffic Enforcement Centre (TEC) will review your ‘out of time’ challenge (an ‘out of time’ challenge) if it (an ‘out of time’ challenge)’s refused by the council or authority (The council or authority that issued the PCN (a penalty charge notice (PCN))). You’ll get a letter to tell you if your challenge (an ‘out of time’ challenge) is successful or not.

If it (an ‘out of time’ challenge)’s not, you can ask a judge to review the TEC’s (The Traffic Enforcement Centre (TEC)) decision.

The council or authority that issued the PCN (a penalty charge notice (PCN)) can also ask a judge to review the TEC’s (The Traffic Enforcement Centre (TEC)) decision.

Getting a judge to review the TEC’s (The Traffic Enforcement Centre (TEC)) decision

Send application notice N244 to the TEC (The Traffic Enforcement Centre (TEC)) with your fee within 14 days of the date the decision (the TEC’s (The Traffic Enforcement Centre (TEC)) decision) was made.

Read the N244 guidelines for help filling in the application.

Fee

How much you pay depends on whether you want to attend a hearing to present your case.

How you want your case to be decided | Fee

With hearing at your local county court | £255

Without hearing by a district judge | £100

If you’re on a low income, or you’re on certain benefits and don’t have much in savings, you might be able to get money off the fee.