can you absorb metals from plants

When the toxins are metals, of course, they cannot be broken down into other elements any more than lead could be changed to gold. Some plants can absorb the metal and metabolise it into some kind of molecule, however, making it less easy to be absorbed by the human body and thus safer to be around.

Using plants to clean contaminated soil

"Using plants to clean contaminated soil By Brian Kaller, originally published by Restoring Mayberry August 11, 2014New article soon at www.grit.com. In the last couple of centuries humans have done a strange thing: we’ve dug the biggest pits, the deepest holes, and the longest tunnels the world has ever seen, all to find the most insidious and subtle poisons known to our mammalian bodies, remove them from deep inside rocks where they had lain sequestered for eons, and concentrate them in the places where most of us live. We’re starting to think this maybe wasn’t a good idea. Take lead, which last- century humans put into containers, car parts, pipes, paints and many other products — and even in petroleum, spreading lead-tainted exhaust across a world. Lead causes brain damage and erratic behaviour if absorbed into the human body, and its rise and fall correlates with the US crime rate in the 20 th century – the more lead was around children, the more crime appeared a generation later. It’s been banned from paints and auto fuel, of course, but it lingers on old buildings and in soil. Or take mercury: burning coal releases it into air and water, and thence into animals like fish – a 2009 study by the US Geological Survey tested 300 streams across the USA and found that every fish tested contained mercury, a quarter at unsafe levels. You could go on with a list of such heavy metals – cadmium, zinc, copper – right down the periodic table. Most of all, we have pulled out coal and oil and used it not just to fuel up the car and turn on the lights, but to generate hundreds of thousands of petrochemicals with unpronounceable names as long as sentences and often-unpleasant effects. I say “we,” of course, but this isn’t a guilt trip; most of this was before your time, and you didn’t vote for it anyway. You and I use small amounts of heavy metals and fossil fuels in our own lives – driving, flying, heating, buying plastic products, just looking at this on a computer – but it’s very difficult to avoid doing so and still living in the modern world. The consequence of so many people doing so many of these things, though, is that any urban area — and many rural ones – will have splotches on the map with large quantities of toxic materials in the ground. If you live where a gasoline station used to be, or a factory, a garbage dump, or any number of other things, you might have things in your soil you don’t want in your stroganoff. If you think you just won’t live in places, or just move away from them, congratulations: you’re thinking the same thing as everyone else. That presents a problem, as everyone who can live somewhere else will do so, and everyone who can’t live somewhere else will live on contaminated sites. Realistically, this means the poor, the elderly and other vulnerable people have to live with everyone else’s toxic waste – which is often the case already. Other methods, like removing tonnes of contaminated soil, involve years of work and vast sums of money we don’t have anymore. If you could remove all the affected soil, moreover, where would you put it, aside from somewhere else that would then be contaminated? What we need is a device that can suck toxins out of the soil and either turn them into something harmless, or concentrate them in something lightweight and removable. No one has much money lying around to invent such a device, though, much less to manufacture millions of them and send them to sites around the world for free. Thus, these hypothetical devices would be even better if they already appeared around the world. It would be best, in fact, if these machines cost nothing to create, and once created could make more of themselves, at an exponential rate. While we’re at it, it would also be nice if the devices also prevented soil erosion, fed bees and other pollinators, and provided shade, beauty, a home for wildlife, and possibly firewood. Thankfully, we have these machines now. Certain plants, it turns out, have a particular gift for sucking up specific chemicals, either as a quirk of their biology or as a way to make themselves poisonous and avoid being eaten. When these plants are sown on contaminated ground, they absorb the contaminants into their tissues, gradually reducing the amount in the soil until it is safe for humans. Called phyto-remediation, this process has become one of the newest and most promising fields of biology. Similar methods use mushrooms in what is called myco-remediation, or use bacteria and have unfortunate names like bio-sparging, bio-slurping and bio-venting, but we’ll restrict ourselves here to plants. The basic method is straightforward: find out what toxins lurk in your patch of ground, and come up with a regimen of plants appropriate for the climate that hyper-accumulate those particular toxins.“Toxins,” of course, covers a lot of ground, and the vagueness of the word allows it to be used in all kinds of unproductive ways – for example, every fake New Age cure that claims to rid your body of unspecified “toxins.” So to get more specific, let’s separate toxins into two of the most common categories: metals and petrochemicals. Petrochemicals generally have familiar atoms like carbon, hydrogen and oxygen, the same things that make up chocolate sundaes, flower gardens, testosterone, newspaper, and most of the world around us. Those same elements in different combinations, however, make common but un-tasty compounds like gasoline, or lethal poisons like Agent Orange — it’s all in how many atoms are put together in what arrangement. If a plant can absorb, let’s say, the cancer-causing benzo-pyrene – C20H12, found in coal tar – with some oxygen (O) and then separate it into C12H22O11 and H2O, the petroleum-based poison would become sugar water. I’m not saying this is the actual chemical process, by the way – just an example of how chemical combinations can make something deadly or delicious.

Sometimes the metals can even help us; some biologists have even proposed using certain edible plants to accumulate zinc from contaminated soils and feeding the plants to people with a zinc deficiency. After the plants are harvested with the metals concentrated in their tissues, they can be burned, and the metal stays in the ash – a small amount of space and weight to dispose of, compared to the tonnes of contaminated earth. The ash might even be able to be mined for the metals, for complete recycling. One example comes from Brazil, where abandoned gold mines are leaking mercury and other heavy metals into the soil and water. Mercury is one of the most toxic of heavy metals, and once in the soil it is soaked up by grass, which is eaten by cows, which are eaten by … you get the idea. Farmers are now growing maize and canola plants in the area, though, which soak up heavy metals quite nicely – gold as well as mercury. One scientists overseeing the project estimated farmers could get a kilogram of gold per hectare from doing this, which would help pay for the clean-up. Mustard greens were used to remove 45% of the excess lead from a yard in Boston to ensure the safety of children who play there. Pumpkin vines were used to clean up an old Magic Marker factory site in Trenton, New Jersey, while Alpine pennycress helped clean up abandoned mines in Britain. Hydroponically grown sunflowers were used to absorb radioactive metals near the Chernobyl nuclear site in the Ukraine as well as a uranium plant in Ohio. Blue Sheep fescue helps clean up lead, as do water ferns and members of the cabbage family. Smooth water hyssop takes up copper and mercury, while water hyacinths suck up mercury, lead, cadmium, zinc, cesium, strontium-90, uranium and various pesticides. Sunflowers slurp a wide range of compounds – not just the uranium and strontium-90 from radioactive sites, but also cesium, methyl bromide and many more. Bladder campion accumulates zinc and copper, while Indian mustard greens concentrate selenium, sulphur, lead, chromium, cadmium, nickel, zinc, and copper. Perhaps the most magnificent hyperaccumulator, though, is the simple willow tree, Salix viminalis; it slurps up copper, zinc, cadmium, selenium, silver, chromium, uranium, petrochemicals and many others. Also, once its bio-mass has concentrated the heavy metals, it can be harvested and used for many practical things. Of course, phytoremediation operates under certain limitations; the plants have to be able to grow in that climate, and should not be an invasive species that will take over the landscape, as kudzu did in the American South. The plants can only remove toxins as deep as their roots, so the technique might not solve groundwater contamination. Most importantly, plants move at a different speed than we do, and even after the plants are harvested they are not likely to have eliminated the toxin. Reducing a toxin to safe levels takes time, and phytoremediation doesn’t remove a problem overnight. Perhaps the most appealing aspect of this new field, though, is its scale, that the work to clean up toxic-waste sites could be done with no massive government project or corporate funding, with no bulldozers or construction equipment, without advanced and delicate technology beyond that to measure the toxin levels. The principles could be taught to every schoolchild or practiced by every land-owner, so that if anyone detects a certain toxin on their property, they will know what to plant to gradually remove it. The seeds and plants could be sold by any gardening or farm-supply store, so that some of our society’s most grandiose mistakes can be fixed by ordinary people, using natural means, using home-made experiments, hard work and patience, to restore our land to what it once was. Thanks to Dr. David Leung of the University of Canterbury, New Zealand for his assistance in checking this article. Survey of US streams: “Mercury Found in Every Fish Tested, Scientists Say,” New York Times, August 19, 2009. Effects of lead on crime: “America’s Real Criminal Element: Lead,” Mother Jones magazine, January 2013Effects of lead on crime: “How Lead Exposure Relates to Temporal Changes in IQ, Violent Crime, and Unwed Pregnancy,” Rick Nevin, Environmental Research, Volume 83, Issue 1, May 2000, Pages 1-22. Effects of lead on crime: “Hazards of heavy metal contamination,” British Medical Bulletin, Volume 68, Issue 1, p. 167-182Phytoremedation: Recent Advances Toward Improved Phytoremediation of Heavy Metal Pollution, Bentham Books, 2013. Gold mines and mercury: Phytoremediation of Mercury-Contaminated Mine Wastes, Fabio Netto Moreno, Massey University 2004. Playground in Boston: “New Jersey company cultivates pollution-eating plants Mustard greens, alfalfa help to clean up ravages of industry,” Baltimore Sun, March 30. 1997. Playground in Boston: Blaylock, M. J., S. Dushenkov, D. Page, G. Montes, D. Vasudev, and Y. Kapulnik. Phytoremediation of a Pb-contaminated brownfield site in New Jersey. (1996), pp. 497-498. In Emerging Technologies in Hazardous Waste Management VIII, 1996 Extended Abstracts for the Special Symposium, Birmingham, Alabama, Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Division, American Chemical Society, September 9-11, 1996. Blue Sheep Fescue: Phytoremediation: A Green Technology to Remove Environmental Pollutants, p. 71 – 86, American Journal of Climate Change 2013.“Metal armour protects plants from disease,” Planet Earth Online, 10 September 2010.“Improving Plants for Zinc Acquisition,” Prachy Dixit and Susan Eapen, Bioremediation Technology: Recent Advances, M. H. Fulekar, Springer, 2010. Bio-remediation and Bio-fortification: Two Sides of One Coin, by X. Yin and L. Yuan, Springer 2012. Brian Kaller Former newspaper editor Brian Kaller wrote his first magazine cover story on peak oil in 2004, and since then has written for the American Conservative, the Dallas Morning News, Front Porch Republic, Big Questions Online and Low-Tech Magazine. In 2005 he and his family moved to rural Ireland, where he speaks to schools and churches,... Sorry, the browser you are using is not currently supported. Disqus actively supports the following browsers: Firefox Chrome Internet Explorer 11+Safari Robert • 10 months ago Ultimately the best thing is not to pollute in the first place. In the US leaded fuel is still used for small general aircraft. Swift Fuels has a lead free aviation line. So does Shell Aviation.https://swiftfuels.com Ultimately our transit infrastructure will go electric inclusive of aviation.http://www.byeaerospace.com Tym • 1 year ago Why is it that when speaking of chemicals, everyone has hippopotomonstrosesquipedaliophobia? The longer the name or harder to pronounce doesn't mean that it's bad for you. Ex., ferrous ascorbate is one name for Vit C and re-esterified tryglycerides are an extremely beneficial form of fish oil. Lena • 1 year ago??? Umm, did you even read this article. This is talking about soil contaminated with things like lead and mercury. ""“Toxins,” of course, covers a lot of ground, and the vagueness of the word allows it to be used in all kinds of unproductive ways – for example, every fake New Age cure that claims to rid your body of unspecified “toxins.” So to get more specific, let’s separate toxins into two of the most common categories: metals and petrochemicals. ""disqus_t CL1o HMTZF • 1 year ago Thank you Lena for having an understanding of the article, it seems some people just enjoy pointless arguments over things they have no right to complain about. There is an ongoing epidemic of entitlement in our country leading people to act pridefully out of ignorance. The earth is a gift to use, we did nothing to earn it or what it offers us but many people like Tym have a blinded perception of that. I hope you don't blame him for his outlandish remarks, he probably doesn't know any better. Cheers!Tym • 1 year ago Read it. Did not find it helpful. Some of the chemistry discussed is nothing more than hypotheticals. And there's little mention of actual quantities (ex., 45% reduction of 28 grams of lead is a big deal vs. 28 mg is practically nothing). Willow can pick up all those metals from the ground, but that means nothing if it's .0001 mg per cubic meter. What's the point of siting sources if you never tell the audience what the scale is or mention the value of effectiveness? He lead with a ""toxins"" scare and the rest made you think he said anything.disqus_t CL1o HMTZF • 1 year ago Are you for chemicals being put in the ground cause it makes no sense why you're getting all worked up about an article meant to raise awareness. Can you please send me any articles you are currently writing or have written with Scientific evidence. I expect all measurements to be included as well. That being said maybe instead of ragging on people's articles you could be more useful with your time and help by providing research for others or even pointing people in the right direction. I haven't noticed any changes from you sitting around being a troll online, maybe you could change my point of view by being proactive.. I hope thats not too much of a request. Related Posts A Measured Response to Surveillance Capitalism What Wendell Berry’s Brush Teaches Us About Capitalism, Community, and “Inevitability”Dissecting the Madness of Economic Reason The Courage to Jump What If London Were a National Park City? Carbon Cool CAFE OLÉ: Auto Emission Standards and More (Part 1)GREEN Foundation is Reversing Negative Effects of the Green Revolution Peak Oil Review: 9 April 2018 "


when do you use anova

In conclusion it is necessary to use the ANOVA when the design of a study has more than 2 condition to compare. The t-test is simple and less daunting especially when you see a 2x4x5 factorial ANOVA is needed, but the risk of committing a type I error is not worth it.

Between the linesâ¦

The point of conducting an experiment is to find a significant effect between the stimuli being tested. To do this various statistical tests are used, the 2 being discussed in this blog will be the ANOVA and the t-test. In a psychology experiment an independent variable and dependant variable are the stimuli being manipulated and the behaviour being measured.

Statistical tests are carried out to confirm if the behaviour occurring is more than chance. The t-test compares the means between 2 samples and is simple to conduct, but if there is more than 2 conditions in an experiment a ANOVA is required.

The fact the ANOVA can test more than one treatment is a major advantage over other statistical analysis such as the t-test, it opens up many testing capabilities but it certainly doesn’t help with mathematical headaches. It is important to know that when looking at the analysis of variance an IV is called a factor, the treatment conditions or groups in an experiment are called the levels of the factor. ANOVA’s use an F-ratio as its significance statistic which is variance because it is impossible to calculate the sample means difference with more than two samples.

T-tests are easier to conduct, so why not conduct a t-test for the possible interactions in the experiment? A Type I error is the answer because the more hypothesis tests you use the more you risk making a type I error and the less power a test has.

There is no disputing the t-test changed statistics with its ability to find significance with a small sample, but as previously mentioned the ANOVA allowed for testing more than 2 means. ANOVA’s are used a lot professionally when testing pharmaceuticals and therapies. The ANOVA is an important test because it enables us to see for example how effective two different types of treatment are and how durable they are. Effectively a ANOVA can tell us how well a treatment work, how long it lasts and how budget friendly it will be an example being intensive early behavioural intervention (EIBI) for autistic children which lasts a long time with a lot hour, has amazing results but costs a lot of money. The ANOVA is able to tell us if another therapy can do the same task in shorter amount of time and therefor costing less and making the treatment more accessible. Conducting this test would also help establish concurrent validity for the therapy against EIBI. The F-ratio tells the researcher how big of a difference there is between the conditions and the effect is more than just chance. ANOVA test assumes three things: The population sample must be normal The observations must be independent in each sample The population the samples are selected from have equal variance a.k.a. homogeneity of variance. These requirements are the same for a paired and a repeated measures t-test and these measured are solved in the same way for the t-test and the ANOVA. The population sample is assumed to be normal anyway, the independent samples is achieved with the design of the experiment, if the variance is not correct then normally more data (participants) is needed in the experiment.

The time you spent conducting the experiment only to have it declared obsolete because the right statistical test wasn’t conducted would be a waste of time and resources, statistical tests should be used correctly for this reason. Referenceshttp://afni.nimh.nih.gov/pub/dist/HOWTO/howto/ht05_group/html/background_ANOVA.shtmlhttp://www.statsguides.bham.ac.uk/htg/SPSS9/mixedanova.pdfhttp://www.google.co.uk/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=4&ved=0CEEQFj AD&url=http%3A%2F%2Ffaculty.txwes.edu%2Fjbrown06%2Fcourse9%2Fdocuments%2F11-1ANOVA.ppt&ei=-Ptu T-3m JIKe0QXrr4CLDA&usg=AFQj CNFl CYfkdk Omxz65i C8g Be FGu LDDpw&sig2=Td5j Dz X3ZZ3y7Ro Jjua GQAhttp://www.statisticallysignificantconsulting.com/Anova.htmhttp://www.physics.csbsju.edu/stats/t-test.htmlhttp://faculty.vassar.edu/lowry/ch11pt1.htmlhttp://www.itl.nist.gov/div898/handbook/eda/section3/eda353.htm Advertisements Share this: Twitter Facebook Like2 bloggers like this. Related Homework for TAIs it really that bad? Internet research,yes or no? With 29 comments


how many digits are chinese zip codes

Zip code (postal code) is used when mailing a letter. The zip code of China is 6 digital numbers. Note that there is no zip code in Hong Kong and Macau.

China Area Code & Zip Code

Home / Tips / When Traveling /China Area Code & Zip Code Area Code China's area code is several digital numbers used to group telephone numbers (mobile phone number excluded) by geographic areas. It usually indicates certain geographic areas. 10 stands for Beijing; 21 stands for Shanghai; and 29 stands for Xian. It is used when dialing a number outside the code area. China Area Code Search Please select a place to search for the area code: Please input an area code to search for the location: Zip Code

China Zip Code Search Please select a place to search for the zip code: Can't find your city above? Please input a location name to search for the zip code: Please input a zip code to search for the location: Area & Zip Code of China (list by province)Anhui Beijing Chongqing Fujian Gansu Guangdong Guangxi Guizhou Hainan Hebei Heilongjiang Henan Hong Kong Hubei Hunan Inner Mongolia Jiangsu Jiangxi Jilin Liaoning Macau Ningxia Qinghai Shaanxi Shandong Shanghai Shanxi Sichuan Taiwan Tianjin Tibet Xinjiang Yunnan Zhejiang Area & Zip Code of Major Chinese Cities: City Area Code Zip Code Beijing 10 100000Chengdu 28 610000Chongqing 23 404000Dunhuang 937 736200Guangzhou 20 510000Guilin 773 541000Guiyang 851 550000Haikou 898 570100Hangzhou 571 310000Hohhot 471 010000Huangshan 559 245000Jinan 531 250200Kunming 871 650000Lanzhou 931 730100Lhasa 891 850100Lijiang 888 674300Luoyang 379 471900Nanjing 25 210000Qingdao 532 266600Shanghai 21 200000Shenzhen 755 518000Suzhou 512 215400Urumqi 991 830000Xian 29 710000Country Code & Exit Code Such code is used when you dialing an international number (both fixed and mobile phone number). Country Code & Exit Code of Some Countries & Regions: Country Country Code Exit Code Australia 61 0011Belgium 32 00Brazil 550014 - Brasil Telecom 0015 - Telefonica 0021 - Embratel 0023 - Intelig 0031 - Telmar Canada 1 011China 86 00Germany 49 00Hong Kong 852 001India 91 00Italy 39 00Japan 81 010Macau 853 00Malaysia 60 00Mexico 52 00Mongolia 976 001North Korea 850 99Pakistan 92 00Singapore 65 001, 008South Korea 82 001, 002Spain 34 00Taiwan 886 002Thailand 66 001United Kingdom 44 00United States of America 1 011Further Reading: Postal Service Telephone & Cellphone How to Make Phone Calls


what to serve with crab cakes

Make into small crab cakes and serve over a bed of greens for an appetizer or lunch salad. Serve with hollandaise sauce and eggs for a different twist on brunch or, to jazz up dinner, serve with condiments such as tartar sauce, horseradish sauce, or red pepper relish.

How to Make Crab Cakes

BHG.com Recipes How to Cook Cooking Basics How to Make Crab Cakes Learn what chefs already know: Crab cakes are a user-friendly way to savor just about any kind of crabmeat. Serve them as an entree or shaped into mini crab cakes for an appetizer. Lisa Holderness Brown Pin Facebook Twitter Google Plus Email Print Crab Cakes These seasoned patties are filled with chunks or flakes of crabmeat combined with binders such as bread crumbs, mayonnaise, and eggs. Seasonings may include green onion, a dash of hot sauce, seafood seasoning, and a snipped fresh herb, such as dill or Italian parsley. You can also add veggies such as sauteed shredded zucchini or carrot to the mix. After forming into small patties, the crab cakes are pan-fried or baked until browned. Crab cakes seem like an indulgent treat fit for a special occasion. However, once you understand the basics, whipping up a batch will take about 20 minutes prep time and result in a delicious meal for friends or family. Purchasing the Crabmeat While chefs may argue that using fresh crab is the best, there are perfectly acceptable -- and much easier -- options. Crabmeat is available canned, frozen, or pasteurized, all of which deliver crabmeat that has already been cracked from the crustacean and cooked. For frozen crabmeat, make sure you leave enough time to thaw it. For canned crabmeat, drain any liquid, remove cartilage from the crabmeat, and gently flake the crabmeat. Pasteurized crabmeat has been heated at a high temperature, similar to canning, to extend shelf life and can be stored in a refrigerator for up to 6 months. Look for pasteurized crabmeat in the refrigerator case. It is a fresher-tasting option than shelf-stable canned crabmeat. Types of Canned or Frozen Crabmeat Lump crabmeat is the most expensive and refers to large pieces of crabmeat from the body of the crab. This makes showy crab cakes with nice chunks of crab. Flake crab meat is made up of smaller pieces, also from the crab's body. Claw meat is the least expensive option, yet is still very flavorful. Tip: If using the meat from cooked crab legs, purchase about 1-1/4 pounds crab legs to get 8 ounces crabmeat, which equals 1-1/2 cups chopped crabmeat. How to Make Crab Cakes NETWORK ERRORCannot Contact Server RELOAD YOUR SCREEN OR TRY SELECTING A DIFFERENT VIDEOHow to Make Crab Cakescontinue reading below How to Make a Crab Cake One general guideline to follow in making crab cakes is to let the crab flavor shine through. It's easy to get caught up adding an abundance of ingredients, which may cause you to lose the essence of crab taste. The point of the other flavors should be to help highlight the crab and adhere the crabmeat into a patty that will not fall apart. Ingredients needed in a crab cake recipe fall into two basic categories: Binders such as eggs, mayo, bread crumbs, and cornmeal to help the crab cake hold together. Flavor enhancers including mustard, fresh or dried herbs, onions, peppers, and seasonings to help complement the crabmeat.2. Shape Crab Cakes Combine the crab cake ingredients in a bowl, stirring in the crabmeat last. Once the ingredients are combined, use your hands to mold them into patties of the same size so they cook evenly. Some recipes even recommend refrigerating the crab cakes for 30 minutes to 1 hour so they hold together better during the cooking process. Others call for a quick dusting of flour or bread crumbs over the formed crab cakes, which can help hold them together during cooking and encourage browning

.3. Cook the Crab Cakes To bake the crab cakes: Preheat the oven to 450 degrees F. Place the cakes in a greased shallow baking pan. If desired, toss a few tablespoons fine dry bread crumbs with a drizzle of cooking oil and sprinkle atop the cakes, pressing to adhere. Bake for 12 to 15 minutes or until light brown.

To pan-fry the crab cakes: If desired, toss a few tablespoons fine dry bread crumbs with a drizzle of cooking oil and sprinkle atop the cakes, pressing to adhere. In an extra-large skillet heat a 2 tablespoons canola oil or olive oil over medium-high heat. Add the crab cakes and cook for 5 to 6 minutes or until brown, turning halfway through cooking. Transfer browned cakes to a paper towel-lined plate to remove excess oil. Serve Crab Cakes Crab cakes usually follow a basic formula, but there's a lot of room for creativity when it comes to serving. Shape into bite-size crab cakes for party hors d'oeuvres.

Crab Cake Recipes to Try: Maryland Crab Cakes with Horseradish Sauce Creole Crab Cakes Florida Crab Cakes Sesame Crab & Brown Rice Cakes Zucchini Crab Cakes Pin Facebook Twitter Google Plus Email Print


electra complex symptoms

es. The Electra complex usually occurs when a girl has experienced the loss of the parent, either his death or leaving their family. However, sometimes even women that have been raised in full normal families also encounter with such disorder. Electra complex symptoms: If you want to find out whether you suffer from this disorder or not, you should get acquainted with such symptoms of the Electra complex: You don’t have a dad anymore, but you constantly recall him when you’re blue or happy. Besides, you still accuse him of leaving you.

Is the Electra complex true?

Julia Ivanyuk, http://motivational-tips.com Answered Feb 26, 2016The first true love any daughter has is her father. No one will ever replace him as the love of her life. You may say that love between a daughter and a father is quite natural. Obviously, you are right; however, if we talk about sexual attraction towards your parent and willingness to live and sleep with him, we can define such “love” as a serious psychological disorder. Actually, extreme attraction of the girls to their dads may cause very serious problems in their personal liv

You often feel the unexplainable hostility towards your mother, as if she is guilty in all your mistakes and problems. Sometimes you wish your mom disappeared and imagine, how great would be living with your dad without her. Keep in mind that some women who suffer from this symptom are afraid of their own thoughts. It is not healthy and you should consult a doctor and receive treatment if you have such dreams. When your parents quarrel, you always take your father’s side without even figuring the reasons of the conflict. Such symptom is very widespread. More details about the symptoms and treatment of Electra complex you can read here! :)1.1k Views


deferred action literal definition

Deferred action is a more formal way of exercising prosecutorial discretion that is available to USCIS, ICE and CBP. There is no statutory basis for this form of relief, but it is well established as a matter of policy. However, the lack of statutory guidelines makes it especially susceptible to abuse.

What Is Deferred Action?

What Is Deferred Action? Facebook Twitter Google+ Email Print By Jessica M. Vaughan on June 15, 2012The following explanation of Deferred Action, the tool that will be used by President Obama for the DREAMer amnesty, is from testimony I provided last summer to the U. S. House Judiciary Subcommittee on Immigration Policy and Enforcement:

Deferred action enables the government to make a formal determination not to pursue removal of an unqualified or unlawfully present individual for a specific period of time, usually for extraordinary humanitarian or law enforcement purposes. For example, some foreign students affected by Hurricane Katrina were granted deferred action, as were Haitians who fled to the United States on non-immigrant visas following the earthquake in 2010. As with other forms of relief, beneficiaries can receive a work permit. The immigration agency has traditionally held that deferred action is a tool that exists for the convenience of the government, and is not an immigration benefit per se, and it has resisted organized pressure to formalize the application process, publicize its availability, and thereby encourage more people to apply. Because there are no statutory definitions or rules regarding grants of deferred action, many advocates for amnesty and expanded immigration have periodically tried to make the case for large-scale grants of deferred action for groups of people who have no other legal immigration options, such as the so-called DREAM Act illegal aliens. The USCIS Administrative Amnesty Memo recommended that USCIS increase use of this tool as a way of legalizing these and other large groups of illegal aliens. It also noted one problem with such a step; because there is no fee currently charged to process deferred action requests, the agency (really applicants in other legal categories) would have to cover the cost of processing all the applications, making it very hard accomplish a large-scale deferred action program. There are no statistics available on the number of grants of Deferred Action. The USCIS Ombudsman issued a formal recommendation in 2007 that the agency provide these statistics on a quarterly basis, and repeated the recommendation in its 2011 set of requests. Congress should press USCIS and the other immigration agencies to fulfill this recommendation in order to monitor use of this extraordinary tool. Topics: DREAM Act, Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals (DACA)


what normal blood pressure by age

To read a blood pressure chart by age, locate your age range, then view the corresponding normal systolic and diastolic numbers, notes Disabled World. The chart offered by Disabled World features average blood pressure readings for 14 different age ranges. For adults between the ages of 25 and 29, a normal blood pressure reading is 120/80 millimeters of mercury. Average blood pressure increases with age.

Health Medical Ranges & Levels Q: How Do You Read a Blood Pressure by Age Chart? A: Quick Answer

Continue Reading Keep Learning Are There Different Types of Blood Pressure Charts? Where Can I Find a Chart for Normal Blood Pressure by Age? Is 200/180 a Normal Blood Pressure Reading? Full Answer Having high blood pressure has the same effects on adults of all ages, so standard blood pressure charts do not vary by age, according to Blood Pressure UK. Readings are categorized as normal blood pressure, prehypertension, stage 1 hypertension and stage 2 hypertension, states Mayo Clinic. Blood pressure readings of 120/80 millimeters of mercury or lower indicate normal blood pressure, readings between 120/80 and 139/89 millimeters of mercury indicate prehypertension, and readings between 140/90 and 159/99 millimeters of mercury indicate stage 1 hypertension. Blood pressure readings of 160/100 millimeters of mercury or higher indicate stage 2 hypertension, according to Mayo Clinic. These categories help dictate treatment, explains Mayo Clinic. Some patients can successfully lower blood pressure by following a healthy lifestyle, while others require medication, and treatment must be more aggressive if a patient also has diabetes or a heart condition. Learn more about Medical Ranges & Levels Sources: disabled-world.com bloodpressureuk.org mayoclinic.org Related Questions Q: What Is a Bad Blood Pressure Reading? A: A blood pressure reading with a systolic measurement under 120 and a diastolic measurement below 80 is considered normal, and readings outside this range a... Full Answer >Filed Under: Medical Ranges & Levels Q: How Do You Read Blood Pressure Charts? A: Blood pressure charts are read by matching the numbers in an individual's blood pressure reading to the appropriate column -- systolic or diastolic -- on t... Full Answer >Filed Under: Medical Ranges & Levels Q: How Do You Read Blood Pressure Numbers? A: When reading blood pressure numbers, the top number, known as the diastolic number, measures the pressure in millimeters of mercury inside the arteries whe... Full Answer >Filed Under: Medical Ranges & Levels Q: What Is the Normal Blood Pressure for Teenagers? A: While a blood pressure of 120/80 is normal for people over 18, for those under age 18, normal is based on a percentile rating for the teen's age, height an... Full Answer >Filed Under: Medical Ranges & Levels You May Also Like Q: What Are Common Blood Thinners? Q: Is Aspirin a Blood Thinner? Q: What Is a Normal AST Result in Blood Tests? Q: When Does the Human Body Stop Growing? Q: What Is Preventive Care? Q: What Is the Normal Temperature Range for an Infant?


is bernadette pregnant

CBS' The Big Bang Theory had one epic special delivery for fans during Thursday's Valentine's Day-themed episode: Bernadette (Melissa Rauch) is pregnant. The news, revealed in her final scene of the episode, comes as quite a bombshell to diehard viewers of the geek-tastic comedy series from Chuck Lorre, Bill Prady and Steve Molaro as Bernadette, initially, never wanted children.

'Big Bang Theory' Boss on Bernadette's Big Bombshell

" [Warning: This story contains spoilers from ""The Valentino Submergence"" episode of The Big Bang Theory. ]

During the episode, Howard and Bernadette opt to spend Valentine's Day together at home in their new hot tub — but find a rabbit fighting for its life in the water. The couple works together to revive the bunny — which they fittingly name Valentino. For now, Bernadette has yet to tell Howard as only Valentino is aware of her big baby news. Elsewhere, Raj breaks up with Emily and shifts his affection to Claire — who, as luck would have it, recently got back together with her boyfriend. It sends Raj into a spiral and prompts a live online discussion about his (and Barry's) love life during Sheldon and Amy's broadcast of Fun With Flags. As for Penny and Leonard, they realize they're getting older and try to bring some spontaneity back to their marriage by surprising Sheldon and Amy with a costumed confetti parade. To get the scoop on Bernadette's pregnancy and what to expect from the remainder of season nine, The Hollywood Reporter turned to showrunner Molaro. See More'The Big Bang Theory's' Nerdiest Guest Stars When did you come up with Bernadette's pregnancy? We've touched on the idea of Bernadette and Howard and children here and there but we didn't really have plans to pull the trigger at any point. It wasn't even part of the outline for the episode. We were writing it and getting toward the end of the story and I guess maternity was in the air because Bernadette was holding this wrapped-up bunny and they named it, and we were writing the final page of that storyline. Half-kidding, I said, ""What if Bernadette tells the rabbit, 'We'll find another time to tell him I'm pregnant.' "" The room had such a strong, positive reaction to it. We thought it seemed like an organic moment and we decided to put it in. Because there was no plan for it, it felt very exciting to us when we did it; like it was a thing that should happen and maybe this was the time to do it. I handed [co-creator] Chuck Lorre the draft of the script and didn't tell him it was in there. He got to the end and thought, ""Wow, OK sure, that totally makes sense. Let's do it. ""Why is now the right time for it? Part of what makes the time right is that it maybe doesn't feel completely right — and that's what we 're attracted to. There were a lot of questions not that long ago when Sheldon and Amy were consummating their relationship and we'd get asked, ""Why now?"" Part of me feels that the fact that you're surprised enough to ask me, ""Why now,"" is a good reason that now is a good time. Having a baby in real life and on a show, it seems like there's never going to be a really clear and appropriate time. If it seemed like the obvious time, it wouldn't be exciting for us to do it. Babies take a long time to come. This baby wouldn't be due until halfway through season 10 of the show. We're in the middle of our ninth year, why not now? !Read More'Big Bang Theory': How Will Coitus Change Amy and Sheldon? How did Melissa and Simon respond to the reveal? Fair levels of excitement and some concern — like what does this mean, how does this affect the show — and understandably knowing it would lead to really cool storylines for them. Like Howard and Bernadette in the show, they felt a lot of emotions. But I know they're nothing but excited about it. Bernadette initially didn't want children and that was explored in previous seasons. What changed for her? In the episode, they weren't really working hard at having a baby. I don't think either Bernadette or Howard has wrapped their heads around the idea of it. They're nervous, they're excited and they're not 100 percent ready to go with confidence. So it's fun to see two people who just got on a rollercoaster that they weren't entirely sure they wanted to get on but they're ready to make the best of it. Will Bernadette come up with a fun and creative way to tell Howard? How might he respond? (Check out an exclusive look at next week's episode, below. )I hesitate to get into the details of that but in the following week's episode, you get to see her tell him right at the beginning of the episode and it turned out beautifully. He'll experience many emotions! We really dig into the entire group and everybody's reactions to it. They're mostly positive but obviously with some surprise and concern about what this means for the future. Whose reaction might surprise us the most? It's safe to say Sheldon's response isn't typical. Read More Inside 'The Big Bang Theory's' Decision to Have Amy and Sheldon Go All the Way How might the rest of the gang respond to Bernadette's news? How will the group dynamic change? Other than her not being able to drink when she's hanging with the girls, I don't think it will change that much. The guys still work together; babies come and don't move a whole lot that first year. I don't think it's going to be a huge upheaval. Howard doesn't have much of a relationship with his father. Will his own impending fatherhood propel him to explore that relationship? We haven't been talking about it in the immediate future. Obviously it's been floating around for years. Howard and Bernadette being pregnant is certainly a valid reason why his dad could float back in at any given point. It's not something we're talking about right now. But you never know, given how even having her be pregnant was a surprise. Allow us to suggest Rick Moranis for the role of Howard's dad. That name has come up. Everybody loves him and thinks he's great. We haven't talked about anything. When the time comes, it'll be interesting to think about who could play him. How will Bernadette's pregnancy change Howard? Will it mature him a bit faster? One of his great attributes is that he's eternally a kid at heart. I don't think he's going to mature overnight but he'll be feeling some extra pressure to step up and be the dad that his own father wasn't able to be. It's a nice conflict between someone with a strong inner child being faced with a situation that very soon is going to require some extra maturity. You've got four months of the season left, is this a pregnancy that will last the rest of the season or could it dip into season 10? I think it will last well into season 10. Have the writers already started talking about names? If it's a girl, has to be named after Carol Ann Susi or Howard's mom, right? We've talked about it a little but it's so off in the distance that we haven't dug in too deep. Is it fair to expect a certain number of baby-themed stories: baby showers, godparents debate, etc.? We haven’t really figured out how much we want to let the pregnancy bubble into the ongoing stories. The show is still full of the current relationships, science and nerdery and now there's this extra wrinkle going on. It will bubble up here and there but I don't see it taking over the bulk of the storylines as we keep moving forward. Raj finally broke up with Emily — though he regretted it immediately when Claire was unavailable. Have we seen the last of Claire? They had real chemistry. I don't think we've seen the last of Claire or Emily. Raj has never broken up with anybody or been single before — or dealt with an ex-girlfriend that he's broken up with before. It's all new territory for him and he's got a group of savvy ladies and friends to try and help guide him through it. Where does Raj go from here? He's seen that you can have chemistry with someone — will he have a newfound confidence or is it more instant regret? It's going to be a mix. When you break up with somebody, it's easy to wonder very soon after, ""What have I done?"" But things settle down and maybe he will get a little confidence. I'd like to see him at some point ... rather than be just a serial monogamist that he's been, it could be fun to see him try and date multiple women at the same time and play the field, which is something I think he'd be interested in and also not well-equipped for. See More Behind the Scenes of 'The Big Bang Theory'Leonard and Penny are grappling with getting older. Where do they go after their reality check here? Could they move out on their own and maybe out of the apartment building at some point? There are no plans for them to leave that apartment anytime soon. That would be the kind of change where it could quickly start to not feel like the show. But Leonard has some exciting things brewing professionally and now that they're married, they both have people who are now their in-laws. We're going to find plenty of new, fun stuff to dig into for the two of them. We haven't gotten a chance to let Penny and her new mother-in-law (played by Christine Baranski) spend a lot of time together yet and that's something we're interested in down the line. You're checking off major milestones for everyone here. What else is on your Bucket List for season nine? I'm feeling pretty comfortable with the amount of big swings we've taken this season. I'm ready to let things settle down now and tuck in to some very fun, very Big Bang -y episodes. Read More'Big Bang Theory' Sets Epic Guest Star Cast for 200th Episode What can you say about the 200th episode? We've found a really fun way — that's very true to the show — to bring together a lot of old friends who have been on it in the past. It feels like a celebration within the episode and of the show itself. We weren't quite sure what we were going to do to make it feel like an event and celebration but we did do a good job of that. The Big Bang Theory airs Thursdays at 8 p.m. on CBS. "


what's in the flu shot

The flu shot also contains the following ingredients: sodium phosphate – buffered isotonic sodium chloride solution, formaldehyde, octylphenol ethoxylate, and gelatin, according to the FDA.

Flu Shots: Whatâs In the Seasonal Influenza Vaccine?

Flu Shots: What’s In the Seasonal Influenza Vaccine? January 22, 2013 by Janelle Vaesa, MPH 6 Comments Share 516 +1 Share Pin 5 Tweet521Flu Zone is one brand of flu vaccines available this year. Photo by: CDCThe 2012-2013 influenza epidemic continues across the United States. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) reports that for the week ending in January 12, 2013, 48 states have reported widespread flu activity and 29 children (18 years and younger) have died from the flu. The CDC is recommending that everyone six months and older receive the flu shot. However, some people are skeptical when it comes to what is in the ingredients. Let’s take a look at the Fluzone shot to see what’s in there. What’s in the Flu Shot? The flu shot contains three types of dead flu viruses: influenza A (H1N1), influenza A (H3N2), and influenza B, according to the U. S. Food and Drug Administration. These viruses are selected each year by experts from the FDA, CDC, and the World Health Organization (WHO) who study flu patterns and predict which viruses will be the most ‘popular’ so to speak. It’s an educated guess at best, but during the first week of January 2013, 91 percent of the influenza viruses that have been tested were the same viruses that are in the vaccine. Is the Flu Shot Safe? What About Mercury? Preservatives in the flu shot are needed to prevent contamination, according to the CDC. The preservative that we find in multi-dose flu shots is thimerosal (ethylmercury). Vaccine labs add Thimerosal to multidose vaccines because each time a new needle is inserted into the vial, there is a chance of introducing microbes into the vaccine and contaminating it. The amount of thimerosal in the 0.5m L dose of Flu Zone is 25mcg. Mercury in Flu Vaccines: The amount of a chemical a person can have in their bodies without having adverse health affects is called a reference dose. The reference dose for methylmercury is 0.1 µg/kg body weight/day, or .1 microgram per kilogram of body weight per day. A 40 lb child is about 18 kilograms, which makes the safe dose about 1.8 micrograms – many times less than the dose in a flu shot. Thimerosal, however, isn’t methylmercury, it’s ethylmercury – so what’s the safe dose? The research on safe doses of ethylmercury is extremely sparse, so the dosage is generally based on the more toxic methylmercury. Due to the controversy over safety, childhood vaccines, other than the flu shot, no longer contain Thimerosal in the United States. If you’re concerned about mercury in your child’s vaccine, you can ask for the thimerosal-free flu shot. Flu Vaccine: What Else is In There?

The influenza virus is grown in chicken eggs and scientists collect the virus and inactivate it by using formaldehyde. They then purify the influenza virus and suspend it in a sugar solution before splitting it with oxtylphenol ethoxylate. After splitting, the scientists purify the virus once more, then suspend it in a salt solution (sodium phosphate – buffered isotonic sodium chloride) and use gelatin to help keep the viruses stable and potent during storage. The flu shot is given in the arm. Photo by: National Cancer Institute. Formaldehyde in Vaccines: Vaccine labs dilute the formaldehyde during the making of the vaccine but you will still find residual quantities in the vaccine – ≤50 mcg in the .25m L dose, and and ≤100 mcg in the 0.5m L dose. According to the FDA, the small amount of formaldehyde is considered safe because it also occurs naturally in our bodies in much larger quantities than we get from vaccines. Formaldehyde is also commonly found in household products from cleaners to building materials. The FDA reports that newborns (six to eight pounds) already have 50-70 times the amount of formaldehyde in their bodies than what they would be exposed to with vaccines. Octylphenol ethoxylate is used to split the influenza virus. Octylphenol ethoxylate is a thick liquid or waxy solid and can be clear to light orange in appearance, according to the Scottish Environmental Protection Agency. It is commonly used in cleaning products, added to paints, textiles, and used in the paper making process. The Scottish Environmental Protection Agency reports that exposure to normal amounts is very unlikely that it would have any adverse health effects on human health. Gelatin is used as a stabilizer for the vaccines, and as a food product is generally considered safe although those with personal beliefs that prohibit the use of animal or pork products may protest. Flu Shot Breakdown While the ingredients in vaccines may sound strange, there are reasons why the labs include them in the vaccines. If you are still unsure about the safety of the flu vaccine, or concerned about the chemicals included, talk with your doctor about your concerns. People who are allergic to eggs should talk to their doctor before getting the flu shot, but most people with an egg allergy can safely receive the vaccine. Resources: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Situation Update: Summary of Weekly Flu View. (2013). Accessed January 21, 2013. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. What You Should Know for the 2012-2013 Influenza Season. (2013). Accessed January 21, 2013. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Vaccine Ingredients. (2012). Accessed January 22, 2013. Drug Lib. Fluzone (Influenza Virus Vaccine) Description and Clinical Pharmacology. Accessed January 22, 2013. Food and Drug Administration. Flu Zone. (2012). Accessed January 21, 2013. Food and Drug Administration. Common Ingredients in U. S. Licensed Vaccines. (2011). Accessed January 22, 2013. Scottish Environmental Protection Agency. Octylphenol ethoxylates. Accessed January 22, 2013. United States Environmental Protection Agency. Human Exposure to Mercury. (2012). Accessed January 22, 2013. Institute of Medicine. Comparative Toxicity of Ethyl and Methyl Mercury. Accessed January 22, 2012. Barrett, J. Thimerosal and Animal Brains: New Data for Assessing Human Ethylmercury Risk. (2005). Accessed January 22, 2012. Share 516 +1 Share Pin 5 Tweet521Filed Under: Headlines, Health Decoded Everything is a non-profit corporation, dependent on donations from readers like you. Donate now! Your support keeps the great information coming!Donation Information I would like to make a donation in the amount of:$500 $200 $100 $50 $20 $10 $5 Other I would like this donation to automatically repeat each month Tribute Gift Check here to donate in honor or memory of someone Donor Information First Name: Last Name: Email: Please do not display my name publicly. I would like to remain anonymous Add me to your mailing list


who were the founder of ibm

Confidence votes 2.3KIBM (International Business Machines) was formed from a merger of three companies on June 16, 1911. Those companies were; Tabulating Machine Company (D. C. Based), the International Time Recording Company (Endicott), and Computing Tabulating Recording company (CTR). This merger was financed by Charles Flint.

Who was the founder of IBM?

"Answers.com ® Wiki Answers ® Categories Business & Finance Business and Industry Industries and Professions Companies IBM Who was the founder of IBM? Flag Who was the founder of IBM? Answer by Christianceo

Who would run the now called CTR until 1914. In 1914 Flint hired Thomas J. Watson I to lead the new company. In 1924 Watson changed the name of C-T-R to the International Business Machines company (IBM) because he felt CTR was not sufficient to the vision of the company. It was Watson who institutded many of the corporate structure and programs which IBM is best known for today.2 people found this useful Was this answer useful? Yes Somewhat No Eccles-Jordan Trigger Circuit 164,677 Contributions This circuit is used in most electronic digital computers ever built & was invented in 1918 (patent GB148582). What is it now called? What is IBM? A computer and computing services company named International Business Machines . Originally founded in 1924 following the merger in 1911 of 3companies into the holding compa …Cheap kaspersky 104 Contributions Who is the founder of IBM? Founder of IBM is Thomas J. Watson Drsjp 67 Contributions What is a founder? A founder is someone who creates, or originates the idea or concept for some entity; or is the individual upon whose name, or original work, an organization, state or other en …Karin L. 270,239 Contributions There's more to raising cattle than throwing them out to pasture. Know your soil and plants to earn profit above ground and wealth below. What is founder? Founder is a serious disease of hooved animals that involves the inflammation of the laminae in the feet. The front hooves are the most likely to be affected than the back fee …Drsjp 67 Contributions What are founders? A founder is someone who creates, or originates the idea or concept for some entity; or is the individual upon whose name, or original work, an organization, state or other en …Founder of IBM?patric thomas lenon What is a IBM? IBM stands for (International Business Machines) IBM is known as the world's largest technology consulting company. Also made famous by the IBM Think Pad. IBM's PC manufactu …Christianceo Where is IBM from? IBM was formed from a merger of three (at the time) major companies: . the Tabulating Machine Company, founded by Herman Hollerith and based in Washington D. C. . the Intern …Mikewi 751 Contributions Who is IBM? IBM = International Business Machines, a computer hardware, software and services company. What incentives were offered to the founder of IBM by the government? Founded 1891 as the Tabulating Machines Company by Herman Hollerith It officially became IBM after mergers in 1924. What does IBM in IBM Computer stands for? International Business Machines Corporation, abbreviated IBM and nicknamed ""Big Blue"" (for its official corporate color),Christianceo Was John Mauchley the founder of IBM? Mauchley was not actually involved with IBM. John was actually a physicist who (with the aid of J. P. Eckert) designed some of the first digital computers. He actually was a ph …ewk 9 Contributions Answered In Computer History Where is IBM made? IBM was founded in Endicott, New York and currently operates out of Armonk, New York. Answered In IBMWho is the president of IBM? Emily Plachy is the president of IBM. Answered In IBMWho is the founder of IBM in India? Mahatma Ghandi Don Dfoofnik 4,378,274 Contributions There are three kinds of answers: ones that are mostly right, ones that are mostly wrong, and those that once were right but now are wrong. Answered In Definitions Who were founders? Founders are those who establish or ""found"" a group, organization, or country. In the US, the ""Founding Fathers"" were the colonial leaders during and following the Revoluti …Fwmh 132,612 Contributions Answered In Uncategorized Who were the founders? They were the people that first set up something. "


who is parent company for fleetcor

This document sets out Fleetcor’s approach and strategy for handling its tax affairs and managing tax risk of its UK Companies. It applies to all companies that form a part of the Fleetcor UK Acquistion Limited group, the companies are listed in Appendix A. The members of the group are subsidaries of a US based parent called Fleetcor Tecnologies Inc., this is a public traded company on the New York Stock Exchange. The range of UK taxes that the group pays includes Corporation Tax, VAT, PAYE and some other ad-hoc taxes.

Fleetcor UK Tax Strategy

1. Introduction

The document will undergo continuing review and will be updated when necessary. It is effective for the financial year ending 31st December 2017. The document is intended to comply with the requirements of Schedule 19 of the Finance Act 2016.2. Tax Planning in Fleetcor UKThe Group has clearly defined polices that make certain that it complies with the relevant UK laws and legislation relating to tax. The Group’s tax policy is also reviewed and approved by the ultimate parent company of the Group, Fleet Cor Technologies, Inc., to ensure that the tax policies are aligned with the overall tax policies of the parent company and all of its worldwide subsidiaries. Transactions between group companies are on an arms-length basis and arm’s length transfer pricing is utilized. Tax planning is based on commercial business activity,and the company does not implement or utilise tax avoidance strategies that exploit gaps and mismatches in tax rules to artificially shift profits to low or no-tax locations. The company will utilise tax incentives or opportunities for obtaining tax efficiencies where these: Do not carry significant reputational risk or significant risk of damaging our relationship with the fiscal authorities in the key jurisdictions in which we operates. Are aligned with the intended policy objectives of the governments which introduced the incentives Do not have a material adverse impact on “above the line” results,Are aligned with business or operational objectives. Owner:- Fleetcor Finance Version No:- Final Effective From:- March 2017 Review Date:-March 2018 Classification:- External Authorised by: European CFO Printed copies of this document are for reference only Professional advice is taken from reputable independent external advisors on any matters where the amount of tax is significant and the tax treatment uncertain. The Financial Controllers of the relevant companies ensure that adequate controls are in place so that the correct amount of taxes are identified and paid.3. Managing Tax Risk in Fleetcor UKFleetcor UK has outlined its management of tax risk within an internal tax policy document. The document sets out stringent levels of controls and scrutiny to ensure that risks do not materialise, plus it states that tax risk will be kept to a minimum level. This policy document also specifies the processes to verify that the correct amount of tax is paid and that all required disclosures are provided to the tax authorities. Tax calculations and payments are reviewed internally by the Financial Controllers; payments for Corporation Tax are approved by the European Chief Financial Officer.4. Fleetcor UK Working with HMRCThe company has an open and honest and positive working relationship with HMRC and is committed to to prompt disclosure and transparency in all tax matters with HMRC. Fleetcor’s approach to HMRC is one of a proactive stance making sure any potential issues are dealt with quickly and in a consultantive way. All dealings with the tax authorities and other relevant bodies are conducted in a collaborative, courteous and timely manner. The European Chief Financial Officer and Financial Controllers meet formally on a regular basis for a business review meeting with HMRC.5. Tax Governance and Management of Risks in Fleetcor UKFleetcor Technologies Inc. bears ultimate responsibility for ensuring the compliance of Fleetcor UK with tax law and regulations, the management of tax risks and providing information for our stakeholders. Responsibility for tax Strategy and the management of tax risk within the UK rests with the European Chief Financial Officer, with delegated day-to-day responsibility for our tax functions performed by Financial Controllers and Fleetcor UK tax teams. Fleetcor Technologies Inc. Governance Manual contains a Group-wide tax risk management framework with which all subsidiaries comply. This framework sets out Owner:- Fleetcor Finance Version No:- Final Effective From:- March 2017 Review Date:-March 2018 Classification:- External Authorised by: European CFO Printed copies of this document are for reference onlythe process for defining tax risk, the identification of tax risk, reporting, management and escalation of tax risks. In addition to this Fleetcor UK operates its own Tax Code of Conduct/Tax Policy. The Chief Executive Officer and Chief Finance Officer of Fleetcor Technologies Inc regularly report the complete tax position, including the tax risk status, of Fleetcor UK to the Group Audit Committee (GAC). This occurs on at least four occasions in each fiscal year. The GAC comprises at least three Board members with financial management expertise. Reporting and scrutiny by the GAC ensures unified risk oversight throughout the Group and guarantees a consistent and integrated approach. The known tax risks and applicable controls, as they exist for Fleetcor UK, are set out below. Legislative requirements and change: Legislation and revisions to the existing statutory and regulatory law affects our business and the business of our customers. Tax risk flowing from legislative change is effectively managed to a minimum by clear professional comprehension and the prevention of unnecessary dispute. Continuing professional development is demanded and deployed by the European CFO and the subordinate tax team at Fleetcor UK to ensure a robust, relevant and up-to-date technical understanding of the applicable law. In the event of uncertainty on the application or interpretation of any prevailing statutory provision, appropriate written advice is sought from HMRC and expert third party advisors to support the decision-making process. Transactional and acquisitions risk: The tax team at Fleetcor UK and the CFO ensure that tax functions are involved in all elements of the business and all procedures including business and share acquisitions and disposals, changes in corporate structure, cross-border financing arrangements, all significant business transactions, all cross-border trading arrangements, and significant new processes affecting tax compliance. All business decision-making demands a detailed risk assessment including an assessment of the financial and non-financial costs and benefits, an assessment of risk/reality probability, the performance of due diligence of those companies suitable for acquisition, analysis of potential disputes and dispute resolution mechanisms and overarching recommendations. Compliance and reporting risk: Fleetcor UK has a well-established relationship with the UK tax authorities and co-existent compliance procedures that ensure the submission of timely, accurate and complete tax returns. All material positions taken in such returns are supported by contemporaneous disclosure of supporting documentation and any accompanying explanatory legal analysis. Fleetcor UK deploys compliance and risk monitoring systems and internal audit reviews of all tax compliance activity across the UK Group. Owner:- Fleetcor Finance Version No:- Final Effective From:- March 2017 Review Date:-March 2018 Classification:- External Authorised by: European CFO Printed copies of this document are for reference only All of our processes are subject to Board scrutiny and oversight and subject to continuous review and revision. Reputational risk: Fleetcor UK operates within the parameters of its Tax Policy and/or Code of Conduct. All decisions made by Fleetcor UK demand a detailed risk assessment to consider financial return, financial risk, liability to tax and reputational risk. Fleetcor UK recognises that it has a responsibility not only to deliver returns and value for its shareholders but also to ensure that its tax liabilities are properly calculated and paid. The tax strategy at Fleetcor UK ensures that our legal requirements are met. Fleetcor UK ensures that tax risk, reputation, brand and corporate responsibilities are considered as fundamental parts of every business decision. Owner:- Fleetcor Finance Version No:- Final Effective From:- March 2017 Review Date:-March 2018 Classification:- External Authorised by: European CFO Printed copies of this document are for reference only Appendix 1: Members of the Fleetcor UK Acquisition Limited Group Fleetcor UK Acquisition Limited CH Jones Limited Allstar Business Solutions Limited Epyx Limited The Fuel Card Company UK Limited Fambo Limited Fleetcor Europe Limited Fleetcor Fuel Cards Europe Limited Quadrum Investments Group Limited Fleetcor UK International Management Limited


deed restrictions

Deed Restrictions Law and Legal Definition Deed restrictions are private agreements that restrict the use of the real estate in some way, and are listed in the deed. The seller may add a restriction to the title of the property. Often, developers restrict the parcels of property in a development to maintain a certain amount of uniformity.

A deed restriction is a clause in a deed that limits the use of land. However, restrictions that are against public policy are unenforceable, such as those that prohibit people of certain ethnic groups from using a property. Deed restrictions placed within a deed control the use of the property. The restrictions travel with the deed, and cannot generally be removed by new owners. Legal Definition list Deed Poll Deed of Trust Deed of Sublease Deed of Settlement Deed of Separation Deed Restrictions Deed to Lead Uses Deemed Deemed Export License Deemed Interest Deep Democracy Related Legal Terms Absolute Deed Act and Deed Agricultural Preservation Restrictions All Inclusive Deed of Trust [AIDOT]Bargain and Sale Deed Beneficiary Deed Bond for Deed Commissioner's Deed Contract for Deed Contracts Contract for Deed