diabetic service dogs cost

The exact cost will depend on the particular organization and training program selected. But on average — an investment in a Diabetic Alert Dog can cost anywhere from $8,000 to $20,000. There are non-profits that grant dogs for free and only require that you pay for your training with the dog. Dogs 4 Diabetics out of Concord, California, provides diabetic alert dogs and training for free if you qualify.

Diabetic Alert Dogs (DADs) 3/31/16What are Diabetic Alert Dogs (DADs)? Diabetic Alert Dogs — affectionately known as DADs — are service dogs that are trained specifically to assist diabetics. Their primary task as service dogs is to alert diabetics of an oncoming hypoglycemic or hyperglycemic event (low or high blood sugar! )DADs are able to do this by reacting to particular smells that are emitted from the human body due to chemical shifts caused by either hypoglycemia or hyperglycemia (undetected by a human nose). There are various ways that the dog can alert their human of a low or high blood sugar, which all depends on how it is trained. These skills require rigorous training from professional service dog trainers. In addition to being on alert for blood sugar malfunctions, Diabetic Alert Dogs are known to provide a tremendous amount of love and emotional support to its owner, resulting in an increased sense of security and balance in the daily life of someone with Type 1. How can I find my own DAD? Getting a Diabetic Alert Dog of your very own is a process. The first step is to find a legitimate, accredited organization made up of trainers that will assist you in both the acquiring and the training of your new DAD. Alternatively, there are Diabetic Alert Dog Training schools that will assist in the training and development of the dog of your own choosing. After being matched with the right dog for you, you may be asked to provide a “scent collection kit” so that your dog can learn your body chemistry during its training. Home visits are scheduled in order to begin the bonding process. Organizations & Resources All Purpose Canines Diabetes Alert Dog Alliance Dogs 4 Diabetics Early Alert Canines Heads Up Hounds National Institute for Diabetic Alert Dogs How long do I have to wait for my dog? The average wait time for your DAD to be ready to come home with you for good is approximately six months to a year. What is the cost?

Read Dog Talk with Early Alert Canines to learn more on average training fees. About service dogs There are many kinds of service dogs that fall into the Medical Alert Dog category, each are trained to assist humans with their unique disabilities. Guide Dogs (for the blind)Hearing Dogs Psychiatric Service Dogs Mobility Assistance Dogs Under the Americans with Disabilities Act, every trained and accredited service dog wearing a service vest is allowed to accompany their owner to any privately owned business that serves the public — restaurants, hotels, movie theaters, retail shops, sports venues and more. Service dogs may also join their humans on airplanes for no additional fee. A service animal is not considered just a “pet.”A brief history The use of service dogs first came about in 1863, in the form of the American Civil War Therapy Dogs. A training school for Law Enforcement Dogs was established in 1899, and in 1929, the world met its first Seeing Eye Dogs. A woman named Dorothy Harrison Eustis ran a training program in Switzerland for guide dogs in the 1920s, and trained the United States’ first known seeing eye dog named “Kiss.”Before they were established in the US, guide dog training programs were established in both Switzerland and Germany. Today, as we can see — Service Dogs are utilized in so many different ways, and have remained loyal servants and best of friends to those who need them the most. Read a personal account: Elle and Coach — How a Diabetes Alert Dog Changed My Daughter’s Life by Stefany Shaheen. Read My Best Friend Addie, The Alert Dog by Russell Roberts. Read Maggie Jones’ advice: Consider This Before Getting a Diabetic Alert Dog


hypercalcemia symptoms heart

Symptoms of severe hypercalcemia may include: Kidney stones, a painful condition in which salt and minerals form solid masses called “stones” in the kidneys or urinary tract Irregular heartbeat

Hypercalcemia

Approved by the Cancer. Net Editorial Board, 01/2017Hypercalcemia is when a person has a higher than usual level of calcium in the blood. About 10% to 20% of people with cancer develop hypercalcemia. It can be life threatening. Relieving side effects such as hypercalcemia is an important part of cancer care and treatment. This is called palliative care. Talk with your health care team about any symptoms or side effects you may experience. This includes any new symptoms or a change in symptoms. About calcium in the body Most of the calcium in the body is in the bones. About 1% of the body’s calcium is the blood. Calcium is important for many bodily functions. It helps with bone formation and muscle, nerve, and brain function. The body controls the level of calcium in the blood in many ways. Both parathyroid hormone and the kidneys play a role. Parathyroid hormone is released by the parathyroid glands. The kidneys remove excess calcium from the blood. Symptoms of hypercalcemia The symptoms of hypercalcemia often develop slowly and may be similar to the symptoms of cancer or cancer treatment. How serious a person’s symptoms are is not related to the calcium level in the blood. Many patients have no symptoms. And, older patients usually experience more symptoms than younger patients. People with hypercalcemia may experience the following symptoms: Loss of appetite Nausea and vomiting Constipation and abdominal pain Increased thirst and frequent urination Fatigue, weakness, and muscle pain Confusion, disorientation, and difficulty thinking Headaches Depression

Heart attack Loss of consciousness Coma Patients and their families should be familiar with the symptoms on this list. Causes of hypercalcemia Cancer can cause high levels of blood calcium in different ways: Cancers that affect the bone, such as multiple myeloma or leukemia, and cancer that has spread to the bone cause the bone to break down. This releases excess calcium into the blood. Some tumors produce a protein that acts very similar to parathyroid hormone. This protein causes the bone to release calcium into the blood. Some cancers affect the ability of the kidneys to remove excess calcium from the blood. Dehydration caused by nausea and vomiting makes it difficult for the kidneys to remove calcium from the blood properly. Lack of physical activity can cause bone to break down, releasing calcium into the blood. Cancers that may cause hypercalcemia include: Breast cancer Lung cancer Multiple myeloma. Lymphoma Leukemia Kidney cancer Head and neck cancers Gastrointestinal cancers Learn more about specific types of cancer. Diagnosing and managing hypercalcemia To diagnose hypercalcemia, your doctor will perform a blood test to check the level of calcium. You may also receive other blood tests to check kidney function. Once hypercalcemia is diagnosed, you doctor will plan the best way to manage the condition based on its severity. Mild hypercalcemia. Patients who have no symptoms receive extra fluids, usually given through a vein. This helps the kidneys remove excess calcium. Moderate or severe hypercalcemia. For these patients, doctors manage hypercalcemia in different ways: Treating the cancer Replacing fluids lost through vomiting, frequent urination, or other reasons Giving medicines to help stop the breakdown of bone. These include: Risedronate (Actonel)Ibandronate (Boniva)Alendronate (Fosamax)Zoledronic acid (Zometa)Pamidronate (Aredia)Calcitonin (Miacalcin)Plicamycin (Mithracin)Gallium nitrate (Ganite)Giving steroids for people with specific cancers, such as lymphoma. Steroids help decrease the breakdown of bone and increase calcium uptake from food. However, steroids may increase the risk of osteoporosis and the breakdown of bone in some situations. Using dialysis for patients with kidney failure. Dialysis is a mechanized filtering process that removes excess waste from the blood. Treatment improves symptoms and quality of life, which may make it easier to complete cancer treatment. However, it is important to understand that unless there is effective treatment for the cancer, hypercalcemia suggests that a patient is approaching the last weeks of life. Things you can do to help manage hypercalcemia In addition to getting treatment from your doctor, the following tips may help keep hypercalcemia from worsening: Drink fluids Control nausea and vomiting Walk and be active, which helps prevent bone from breaking down Check with your doctor before taking any medications, as some may make hypercalcemia worse Note: In people with cancer, hypercalcemia is not related to having too much calcium in the diet. Reducing calcium intake by eating fewer dairy products and other high-calcium foods does not help to resolve the condition. More Information Side Effects Advanced Cancer


where is the purple wall in magic kingdom

3Found this just searching ""Magic Kingdom Purple Wall"" Some things start off kind of stupid and then end up actually being a thing that sticks. The purple wall is one of them. It’s located in Magic Kingdom near The Laugh Floor. It’s a pale purple blank wall that really doesn’t look like anything special. Except it is. I thought at first it was only because it had become popular to post a selfie or a full body picture of yourself at the wall. And yes. It is mostly that.

Purple wall

"Jrits DIS Veteran Joined: Feb 9, 2010Messages: 683where is this in MK & why is it special? Jrits, Sep 18, 2016 #1CAS239Disney Vet Squad ∞Joined: Apr 27, 2014Messages: 7,635Purple wall? Edit: apparently it's just a regular purple wall in tomorrowland by monsters inc and tomorrowland terrace. Doesn't mean anything, just a social media thing started by someone. Guess a couple people liked the purple wall background then others just followed and did the same. I don't get it either Last edited: Sep 18, 2016CAS239, Sep 18, 2016 #2Jrits likes this.spartankid34DIS Veteran Joined: Mar 25, 2011Messages: 80

But, it also happens to photograph really great. It’s a flattering background color on everyone, there’s good indirect lighting there, and its just out of the way enough that you don’t have an audience watching you. Meaning you don’t feel as dumb taking 487 selfies to get one that’s actual worth posting to Instagram. (Or is that just me?) It has it’s own Instagram account, and is also featured quite a lot on another Instagram account ( Wallsof Disney) that highlights the walls in all Disney Parks that make great photo backdrops.spartankid34, Sep 18, 2016 #3Jrits and Hopper Fan like this. Missyrose DIS Veteran Joined: Jan 18, 2009Messages: 9,577It's a very important site. If you do not post a photo of yourself with the purple wall on social media, you didn't actually visit Disney. Missyrose, Sep 18, 2016 #4jessicag13, Jrits and ali2083 like this.yulilin3Disney Freak Moderator Joined: Nov 1, 2007Messages: 19,061It's refreshing that after 18 years of living in Orlando and going to the parks there's still something I haven't doneyulilin3, Sep 18, 2016 #5wdw4rfam, jessicag13, Jrits and 4 others like this. "


who offers contactless cards

Currently, both Visa and Master Card variants for contactless debit cards are offered in India. Contactless technology in Visa is powered by “Visa Pay Wave” and by “Master Card Contactless” in Master Card. ICICI Bank and SBI Bank are some of the popular banks in India offering contactless card. Many banks also offer exclusive deals like access to airport lounges and fuel surcharge waiver.

Where do you live currently?Mumbai Chennai New Delhi Bangalore Other citySearch for Debit Cards

Make online transactions Quick ATM withdrawals Bonus points & gifts Apply Now Contactless Debit Cards Overview Reports suggest that over 60% of the financial transactions in India are below Rs.2,000. As per RBI norms, transactions below Rs.2,000 can be processed without a PIN. Taking advantage of that fact, many financial institutions have come up with the concept of contactless debit cards. Other than security and fast transaction processing, contactless debit cards also have other advantages. Read on to find more about contactless credit cards. How do Contactless Debit Cards Work? Contactless debit cards work using the principle of NFC or Near Field communications. This technology uses radio transmission to establish contact when the cards are waved near a POS terminal. So, customers with Contactless debit cards will be able to make transactions by just waving a card instead of swiping it. After this is done, the customer has to enter the PIN to complete the transaction. One big advantage of having a contactless debit card is the fact that the cardholder will also be able to make normal transactions by dipping or swiping the card. Why use Contactless Debit Cards? Speed and convenience - market research studies report that the average time in POS have been reduced by 30% to 40%. Contactless debit cards are 63% faster than normal cash transactions and 53% faster than the normal card transactions. Contactless debit cards equates to better convenience for customers and increase in sales volume, better customer servicing for merchants. Contactless payment systems use sophisticated chip technology and multiple levels of encryptions to guarantee a safe and secure transactions. There is less or no chance that the debit card will be lost or misplaced during the course of transaction because it will be in the customer’s hand. Contactless debit cards can be used at over 10 lakh merchant stores in India and over 30 million merchant establishments across the world. Also, the contactless debit card can be used for other purposes like ATM cash withdrawal, secure online shopping and safe e-commerce purchases. Features and Benefits of Contactless Debit Cards in India The speed of transactions is almost doubled when compared to the normal debit cards. This will enable users to perform high value transactions without any hesitation. Greater security is guaranteed as the customer does not have to handover the cards to the merchant and complete the transaction even when the debit card is still in his hands. Contactless cards will be of great advantage when the transaction is taking place in a busy retail environment. Customers will not have to search for change or worry if they have cash. This will equate to greater convenience as compared to conventional cards.

The contactless debit cards can be used as regular cards also at all Visa/Master Card enabled outlets even in the merchant terminals not designed for contactless payments. Read More about Debit Cards


what is pre licensing course for real estate

ESPre-Licensing Classes: The Broker Pre-Licensing Course INCLUDES the required textbook and online study materials. The Broker Prelicensing course is the first step to getting your Real Estate License. This course meets the requirements established by the North Carolina Real Estate Commission for qualifying to take the real estate license exam. Triangle Institute of Real Estate uses class lecture, online study material, games and interactive technology to create an interactive environment for all ages learners.

Pre-Licensing

Pre-Licensing UPCOMING PRE-LICENSING CLASS

Topics studied include North Carolina license law, contracts and closings, agency relationships, land use control and other important topics to launch your Real Estate career. Upcoming Class Schedule Location Dates Days Times Cost Instructor Register BURLINGTONApril 10th – May 24th Tues & Thurs 9:15am-4:30pm $445 Tiffany Stiles Register Now April 9th – June 18th Mon & Weds 6pm-10pm $445 Matt Davies Register Now CHAPEL HILLJan 31st – Mar 23 Mon Fri & Sat 6pm-10pm & 8:30am-5:30pm $445 Tiffany Stiles Register Now April 19th – June 14th Tues & Thurs 9am-3pm $445 Matt Davies Register Now July 9th – August 27th Mon Wed & Sat 6pm-10pm & *:30am-5:30pm $445 Register Now GREENVILLEMORE CLASSES COMING SOONKERNERSVILLEApril 7th – May 24th Tues Thurs & Sats 6pm-10pm & 9am-4pm $445 Kelly Anders Register Now WINSTON-SALEMMORE COMING SOON


what is ongoing socialization

Socialization is, of course, a social process. As such, it involves interactions between people. Socialization, as noted in the distinction between primary and secondary, can take place in multiple contexts and as a result of contact with numerous groups.

Introduction to Sociology/Socialization

"On November 4, 1970, child welfare authorities discovered a 13-year-old child who had been locked up in a bedroom of a house in Arcadia, California for the majority of her life. The young girl, known to the public as Genie (a pseudonym), was one of the worst cases in recorded history of extreme abuse, neglect, and social isolation. From the age of about 20 months until authorities found her at the age of 13 years and 7 months, Genie had been mostly strapped to a child’s toilet or bound to a crib in addition to being severely malnourished. Her father, who had believed that Genie was mentally-retarded, had decided to isolate her and forbade the family from interacting with her. She consequently lacked any form of socialization since she was a toddler and had suffered mentally from the social deprivation. Psychologists, linguists, and other scientists began studying Genie’s case of near-total isolation. Many of them determined that the absence of socializing opportunities in the early years of her life had led her to missing the critical period of language acquisition, and that Genie ultimately remained unable to fully acquire the use of language. Although Genie’s case is one of the most well-known cases of social isolation, there have been many other documented or alleged cases of feral children in history since the 14th century. These cases throughout time illustrate the importance of socialization among humans. Many have involved alternative socialization experiences with animals in the absence of human interaction. One recently-documented case involves Oxana Malaya in Ukraine in the 1980s. From about the age of three to the age of eight, Oxana began living with the family’s dogs after her alcoholic parents had forgotten her outside one evening. When authorities found her, she was running around on all fours and barking like her canine companions. However, through resocialization, Oxana was able to subdue her dog-like behaviors and eventually learned to speak Russian. Despite her progress, she remained somewhat intellectually-impaired due to the years of neglect and absence of human socialization. Both Genie and Oxana’s well-known cases of extreme isolation demonstrate the importance of human interaction in the socialization process among people. This chapter on socialization introduces the different types of socialization as well as the need for socialization among humans in general. It goes on to provide the various theoretical understandings of socialization before discussing some key studies on the topic. Contents1 Elements of Socialization1.1 Goals of Socialization1.2 Primary and Secondary Socialization1.3 Broad and Narrow Socialization1.4 Total Institutions1.5 The Importance of Socialization2 Theoretical Understandings of Socialization2.1 Socialization as Joining Groups3 Research Examples3.1 Socialization and Social Class3.2 Socialization and Death Preparation3.3 Do College Preparation Classes Make a Difference?4 Conclusion5 Additional Reading6 Discussion Questions7 References Elements of Socialization [ edit]Socialization is a fundamental sociological concept, comprising a number of elements. While not every sociologist will agree which elements are the most important, or even how to define some of the elements of socialization, the elements outlined below should help clarify what is meant by socialization. Goals of Socialization [ edit]A kindergarten in Afghanistan. Arnett, [1] in presenting a new theoretical understanding of socialization (see below), outlined what he believes to be the three goals of socialization:impulse control and the development of a consciencerole preparation and performance, including occupational roles, gender roles, and roles in institutions such as marriage and parenthoodthe cultivation of sources of meaning, or what is important, valued, and to be lived for In short, socialization is the process that prepares humans to function in social life. It should be re-iterated here that socialization is culturally relative - people in different cultures and people that occupy different racial, classed, gendered, sexual, and religious social locations are socialized differently. This distinction does not and should not inherently force an evaluative judgement. Socialization, because it is the adoption of culture, is going to be different in every culture and within different subcultures. Socialization, as both process or an outcome, is not better or worse in any particular culture or subculture. It should also be noted that, while socialization is a key sociological process in the development of individuals who can function in human society, not every aspect of human behavior is learned. For instance, there is evidence that most children have innate empathy for individuals who are wilfully injured and consider it wrong. [2] Thus, some aspects of human behavior that one might believe are learned, like empathy and morals, may, in fact, be biologically determined. To what extent human behavior is biologically determined vs. learned is still an open question in the study of human behavior, but recent reviews of biological, genetic, neuroscience, and psychological literatures suggest that culture can influence biology and vice versa (e.g., nurture becomes nature through processes wherein learned responses and behaviors feed the development of the brain and the activation of genetic potential). [3] [4] [5]Primary and Secondary Socialization [ edit]Socialization is a life process, but is generally divided into two parts: Primary socialization takes place early in life, as a child and adolescent. Secondary socialization refers to the socialization that takes place throughout one's life, both as a child and as one encounters new groups that require additional socialization. While there are scholars who argue that only one or the other of these occurs, most social scientists tend to combine the two, arguing that the basic or core identity of the individual develops during primary socialization, with more specific changes occurring later - secondary socialization - in response to the acquisition of new group memberships and roles and differently structured social situations. The need for later life socialization may stem from the increasing complexity of society with its corresponding increase in varied roles and responsibilities. [6]Mortimer and Simmons outline three specific ways these two parts of socialization differ: [6]content - Socialization in childhood is thought to be concerned with the regulation of biological drives. In adolescence, socialization is concerned with the development of overarching values and the self-image. In adulthood, socialization involves more overt and specific norms and behaviors, such as those related to the work role as well as more superficial personality features.context - In earlier periods, the socializee (the person being socialized) more clearly assumes the status of learner within the context of the initial setting (which may be a family of orientation, an orphanage, a period of homelessness, or any other initial social groups at the beginning of a child's life), the school (or other educational context), or the peer group. Also, relationships in the earlier period are more likely to be affectively charged, i.e., highly emotional. In adulthood, though the socializee takes the role of student at times, much socialization occurs after the socializee has assumed full incumbency of the adult role. There is also a greater likelihood of more formal relationships due to situational contexts (e.g., work environment), which moderates down the affective component.response - The child and adolescent may be more easily malleable than the adult. Also, much adult socialization is self-initiated and voluntary; adults can leave or terminate the process at any time if they have the proper resources (symbolic, financial, and social) to do so.

Some of the more significant contributors to the socialization process are: parents, guardians, friends, schools, siblings or other family members, social clubs (like religions or sports teams), life partners (romantic or platonic), and co-workers. Each of these groups include a culture that must be learned and to some degree appropriated by the socializee in order to gain admittance to the group. Broad and Narrow Socialization [ edit]Arnett proposed an interesting though seldom used distinction in types of socialization. [1] Arnett distinguishes between broad and narrow socialization:broad socialization is intended to promote independence, individualism, and self-expression; it is dubbed broad because this type of socialization has the potential of resulting in a broad range of outcomesnarrow socialization is intended to promote obedience and conformity; it is dubbed narrow because there is a narrow range of outcomes These distinctions correspond to Arnett's definition of socialization, which is:the whole process by which an individual born with behavioral potentialities of enormously wide range, is led to develop actual behavior which is confined with a much narrower range; the range of what is customary and acceptable for him according to the standards of his group Arnett explains that his understanding of socialization should not be understood as having just two options, broad or narrow. Instead, the author argues that socialization can be broad or narrow within each of the seven socializing forces he outlines (e.g., family, friends, etc.). Because each force can be either broad or narrow, there is a wide variety of possible broad/narrow socialization combinations. Finally, Arnett notes two examples where his distinction is relevant. First, Arnett argues that there are often differences in socialization by gender. Where these differences exist, argues Arnett, socialization tends to be narrower for women than for men (other sociologists have demonstrated similarities in other minority groups). Arnett also argues that Japanese socialization is narrow as there is more pressure toward conformity in that culture. Arnett argues that this may account for the lower crime rates in Japan. Total Institutions [ edit]A painting of a prison. Not all socialization is voluntary nor is all socialization successful. There are components of society designed specifically to resocialize individuals who were not successfully socialized to begin with. For instance, prisons and mental health institutions are designed to resocialize people who are deemed to have not been successfully socialized. Depending on the degree of isolation and resocialization that takes place in a given institution, some of these institutions are labeled total institutions. In his classic study of total institutions, Erving Goffman gives the following characteristics of total institutions: [7]all aspects of life are conducted in the same place under the same authoritythe individual is a member of a large cohort, all treated alikeall daily activities (over a 24-hour period) are tightly scheduledthere is a sharp split between supervisors and lower participantsinformation about the member's fate is withheld The most common examples of total institutions include mental hospitals, prisons, and military boot camps, though there are numerous other institutions that could be considered total institutions as well. The goal of total institutions is to facilitate a complete break with one's old life in order for the institution to resocialize the individual into a new life. Mortimer and Simmons note a difference in socialization methodologies in different types of institutions. [6] When the goal of an institution is socialization (primary or secondary), the institution tends to use normative pressures. When the goal of an institution is resocialization of deviants, coercion is frequently involved. In all such cases (and especially in total institutions), this process is accomplished by what Goffman called ""the mortification of the self,"" which refers to the processes whereby authority figures strip unwanted elements from the person under their care and / or control to fashion a type of self society deems acceptable or normative. In the case of mental patients and military personnel, for example, new admissions to the institutions are stripped of their existing symbolic resources (e.g., fashion choices, schedules, methods of speech, etc.) so they may be re-fashioned in the image of the ""healthy patient"" or ""capable soldier."" Thus while much socialization involves learning and adopting new lessons, socialization often also involves the repression or suppression of individuality, prior cultural ties, and / or former patterns of behavior. [7] [8]The Importance of Socialization [ edit]One of the most common methods used to illustrate the importance of socialization is to draw upon the few unfortunate cases of children who were, through neglect, misfortune, or wilful abuse, not socialized by adults while they were growing up. Such children are called "" feral "" or wild. Some feral children have been confined by people (usually their own parents); in some cases this child abandonment was due to the parents' rejection of a child's severe intellectual or physical impairment. Feral children may have experienced severe child abuse or trauma before being abandoned or running away. Others are alleged to have been brought up by animals; some are said to have lived in the wild on their own. When completely brought up by non-human animals, the feral child exhibits behaviors (within physical limits) almost entirely like those of the particular care-animal, such as its fear of or indifference to humans. Feral children lack the basic social skills which are normally learned in the process of socialization. For example, they may be unable to learn to use a toilet, have trouble learning to walk upright and display a complete lack of interest in the human activity around them. They often seem mentally impaired and have almost insurmountable trouble learning a human language. The impaired ability to learn language after having been isolated for so many years is often attributed to the existence of a critical period for language learning, and taken as evidence in favor of the Critical Period Hypothesis, and the examples of such children are often used to cast doubts upon potential biological and genetic determinants of human behavior and development. It is very difficult to socialize a child who became isolated at a very young age into a relatively normal member of society and such individuals often need close care throughout their lives. There are, unfortunately, a number of examples of such children that have been well-documented, including: Genie Traian Căldărar Danielle Crockett, who was found in a Plant City, Florida home in 2005. [9]Theoretical Understandings of Socialization [ edit]Socialization, as a concept in social scientific research, has evolved over time. While the basic idea outlined above has been a component of most understandings of socialization, there have been quite a variety of definitions and theories of socialization. Some of these approaches are presented here as definitional variety is often informative. [10] [6] [11]Symbolic Interactionism - the self develops as a result of interrelated social interactions and interpretive processes; as a result, socialization is highly dependent on the situations in which the actor finds him/herself and the ways these situations are ""made sense of"" by the being or others; this approach also argues that socialization is a continuous, lifelong process Role Theory - socialization is seen as a process of acquisition of appropriate norms, attitudes, self-images, values, and role behaviors that enable acceptance in the group and effective performance of new roles; in this framework, socialization is seen as a conservative force, permitting the perpetuation of the social organization in spite of the turn-over of individual members through time Reinforcement Theory - the self develops as a result of cognitive evaluations of costs and benefits; this understanding assumes that the socializee, in approaching new roles, is an independent and active negotiator for advantages in relationships with role partners and membership groups Internalization Theory - socialization is a series of stages in which the individual learns to participate in various levels of organization of society; this theory contends that the child internalizes a cognitive frame of reference for interpersonal relations and a common system of expressive symbolism in addition to a moral conscience; this approach was advocated by Talcott Parsons Recent research [12] suggests that human children are hard-wired to exactly imitate the roles of adults, including actions that are not pragmatic. This is referred to as ""overimitation"" and, while seemingly maladaptive from an evolutionary perspective, it is possible that this is one of the characteristics of humans that facilitates the transmission of culture from generation to generation. [12] Despite this possibility, however, arguments in this vein typically stress conformity among children, and ignore variation and deviance (especially in the context of minority groups). Socialization as Joining Groups [ edit]Socialization has addressed the problem of individual adjustment to society. In all of the approaches outlined above, socialization has, in one way or another, referred to the idea that society shapes its members toward compliance and cooperation with societal requirements. In order to reduce confusion, develop a research methodology for measuring socialization, and potentially lead to the comparability of research findings from different studies, Long and Hadden proposed a revised understanding of socialization. [11] Rather than referring to a vague adoption or learning of culture, Long and Hadden reframed socialization as ""the medium for transforming newcomers into bona fide members of a group."" Before discussing some of the specifics of this approach, it may be useful to outline some of the critiques Long and Hadden present of earlier approaches to socialization. According to Long and Hadden, many earlier approaches to socialization extended socialization to every part of human social life. As a result, everyone becomes both a socializing agent (socializer) and a novice (socializee) in all encounters with others. This conceptualization leaves socialization without a social home; it is all around but no place in particular. Another criticism of previous approaches is that they allowed socialization to include anything, and anything which is part of the process at one time may be excluded at another. With this conceptualization, any phenomenon may shift its status in the socialization process without changing its own composition or expression. In other words, socialization includes virtually everything, excludes almost nothing, and shifts with circumstance and outcomes. Additionally, previous approaches to socialization lacked specificity about the nature of socialization activity. Defining socialization by its outcomes made it unnecessary to stipulate the nature of the process conceptually. Socialization could be attributed to this or that but in order to truly understand what is taking place it is necessary to go beyond just pointing to socializing agents and specify what it is about those agents that is doing the socializing. Another serious drawback of earlier approaches is that they disregard the process component of socialization. Doing so limits the socialization concept to employment primarily as a post hoc interpretive category that is used to lend significance to findings defined and developed in other terms. As a result of these criticisms, Long and Hadden found themselves presented with a two-fold task: [11]locate socialization and its social boundaries more preciselyspecify the distinctive properties which distinguish it from related phenomena To accomplish this, Long and Hadden developed a new understanding of socialization, ""socialization is the process of creating and incorporating new members of a group from a pool of newcomers, carried out by members and their allies"". Under this understanding, the principal agents of socialization are certified and practicing members of the group to which novices are being socialized. It should be noted that certified here is only a shortened way of saying ""a socially approved member of the group."" Thus, Long and Hadden's revised understanding of socialization sees it as both the process and outcome of joining groups. Research Examples [ edit]Numerous examples of research on socialization could be presented in this section. One important area of socialization research involves differences in gender socialization, but much of that research is summarized in the chapter on gender. The following three research examples are interesting in that they explore both primary and secondary socialization and do so from varying perspectives. Socialization and Social Class [ edit]Ellis, Lee, and Peterson, [13] developing a research agenda begun by Melvin L. Kohn, [14] explored differences in how parents raise their children relative to their social class. Kohn found that lower class parents were more likely to emphasize conformity in their children whereas middle-class parents were more likely to emphasize creativity and self-reliance. [14] Ellis et. al. proposed and found that parents value conformity over self-reliance in children to the extent that conformity superseded self-reliance as a criterion for success in their own endeavors. In other words, Ellis et. al. verified that the reason lower-class parents emphasize conformity in their children is because they experience conformity in their day-to-day activities. For example, factory work is far more about conforming than innovation. Another study in this same area explored a slightly different component of this relationship. Erlanger was interested in a correlation between social class and physical violence. [1] While he did not find a strong correlation indicating lower class individuals were more likely to employ physical violence in punishing their children, he did present evidence concerning several outdated propositions. Erlanger's findings include:physical punishment does not lead to working class authoritarianismchildhood punishment experiences do not explain the greater probability that working class adults, as opposed to middle class adults, will commit homicidegeneral use of corporal punishment is not a precursor to child abuseuse of corporal punishment is not part of a subcultural positive evaluation of violence It should be noted that this is an older study and that more recent findings may have shed more light on these issues. It should also be noted that Erlanger readily points out when his findings are strongly supported or weakly supported by his data. It behooves the interested party to read his paper directly rather than rely on the summary above for the specific nuances. Further, it is important to note that many of these findings (especially in relation to Kohn's original analyses) have also been verified in natural settings. Annette Lareau, for example, utilized interviews and participant observation with middle and working class parents to demonstrate two primary patterns of child rearing distinguished by class status - concerted cultivation and natural growth. Specifically, she found that working class parents encouraged natural growth wherein their children were left more free to structure their own time, which facilitated greater development of creativity and wider friendship and familial networks, but also led to an emerging sense of social restraint. On the other hand, she found that middle class parents practiced concerted cultivation wherein they intimately planned and scheduled their children's lives around extracurricular activities, which limited their children's friendship and familial networks, but facilitated an emerging sense of entitlement and important negotiation skills that could be transferred into educational and occupational advantages over the life course. Socialization and Death Preparation [ edit]Marshall interviewed a number of retirement home residents to explore how their environment influenced their thinking about death. [15] In essence, Marshall was examining secondary socialization concerning mortality. Marshall found that a combination of relationships, behavioral changes, and retirement home culture contributed to a conception of death that was both accepting and courageous. Residents of this particular retirement home found themselves with more time on their hands - to think about death - because they no longer had to care for their own homes. Additionally, they found themselves surrounded by people in a situation similar to their own: they were basically moving into the retirement home to prepare for death. The prevalence of elderly people facilitated discussions of death, which also helped socialize the residents into their acceptance of mortality. Finally, the retirement home community encouraged a culture of life and fulfilment in part to counter-act the frequency of death. Some residents calculated there was one death per week in the retirement home. In light of such bad numbers, it was important to the success of the community to maintain a positive culture that embraced life yet accepted death. In summary, Marshall found that numerous factors contributed to the socialization of residents into a positive lifestyle that was also accepting of and preparatory for their impending deaths. Do College Preparation Classes Make a Difference? [ edit]Rosenbaum was interested in the effects of high school tracks on IQ. [16] High school tracks are the different levels or types of courses students can take; for instance, many high schools now include college preparation tracks and general education tracks. Rosenbaum's hypothesis was that students who followed the lower tracks (non college-preparation) would score lower on IQ tests over time than would students who followed the higher tracks (college-preparation). Considering that school is one of the primary contributors to socialization, it makes sense that participation in a given track can also result in the adoption of the norms, values, beliefs, skills, and behaviors that correspond to that track. In other words, tracks can turn into a type of self-fulfilling prophecy: you may start out at the same level as someone in a higher track, but by the time you have completed the lower track you will have become like the other students in your track. To reduce confounding variables and ensure notable test effects, Rosenbaum selected a homogeneous, white, working class public school with five different, highly stratified classes. Rosenbaum then compared IQ scores for individuals in the different tracks at two time points. As it turns out, tracking does have a significant effect on IQ. People in lower tracks can actually see a decline in IQ compared to a possible increase among those in the upper track. In other words, tracks socialize their students into their corresponding roles. Conclusion [ edit]Socialization is the process by which humans learn how to function in a particular society. Although it is expected that all humans experience some form of socialization during their lives, there have been some rare instances throughout history in which individuals were either forced to live in social isolation, such as the cases of Genie, or undergo socialization through alternative means, such as the case of Oxana Malaya. Both cases were depicted at the beginning of the chapter and illustrate the importance of socialization in human development. Although socialization is observably essential among humans, it is important to note here that socialization is very much culturally-relative, meaning that the process and outcomes do vary from culture to culture. This is most evident in the diverse social norms existing throughout the world. How each of us are socialized in a particular society ultimately determines what we perceive as “normal” and “abnormal,” and even then, we are susceptible to resocialization depending on the changing circumstances of our social environment or social exposure. Additional Reading [ edit]Goffman, Erving. 1967. Interaction Ritual. NY: Pantheon Books. Goffman, Erving. 1961. Asylums: Essays on the Social Situation of Mental Patients and other Inmates. NY: Doubleday/Anchor Scott, Marvin B. and Stanford M. Lyman. 1968. “Accounts.” American Sociological Review 33: 46-62. Emerson, Rana A. 2002. “Where my girls at? :” Negotiating black womanhood in music videos. Gender & Society 16 (1): 115-135. Baker-Sperry, Lori and Grauerholz, Liz. 2003. The pervasiveness and persistence of the feminine beauty ideal in children’s fairy tales. Gender & Society 17 (5): 711-726. Buysse, Jo Ann M. and Embser-Herbert, Melissa Sheridan. 2004. Constructions of gender in sport: An analysis of intercollegiate media guide cover photographs. Gender & Society 18 (1): 66-81. Massoni, Kelley. 2004. Modeling work: Occupational messages in Seventeen Magazine. Gender & Society 18 (1): 47-65. Martin, Karin A. and Kazyak, Emily. 2009. Hetero-romantic love and heterosexiness in children’s g-rated films. Gender & Society 23 (3): 315-336. Thoits, Peggy A. 1989. “The Sociology of Emotions.” Annual Review of Sociology 15: 317-342. Kemper, Theodore D. 1987. “How Many Emotions Are There? Wedding the Social and the Autonomic Components.” American Journal of Sociology 93: 263-289. Hochschild, Arlie R. 1979. “Emotion Work, Feeling Rules, and Social Structure.” American Journal of Sociology 3: 551-575. Shott, Susan. 1979. “Emotion and Social Life: A Symbolic Interactionist Perspective.” American Journal of Sociology 84: 1317-1334. Scheff, Thomas J. 1988. “Shame and Conformity: The Deference-Emotion System.” American Sociological Review 53: 395-406. Hochschild, Arlie R. 1983. The Managed Heart: Commercialization of Human Feeling. Berkley: University of California Press. Discussion Questions [ edit]Who socialized you into society and how did they do it? In what way are you a socializing agent? Can socialization fail? How does socialization vary by social class, by race, and/or by gender? References [ edit]↑ a b Arnett, Jeffrey J. 1995. Broad and Narrow Socialization: The Family in the Context of a Cultural Theory. Journal of Marriage and the Family 57 ( 3):617-28.↑ Decety, Jean, Kalina J. Michalska, and Yuko Akitsuki. 2008. Who caused the pain? An f MRI Investigation of Empathy and Intentionality in Children. Neuropsychologia. 46, 11:2607-2614.↑ Ridgeway, Cecilia L. 2011. Framed by Gender: How Gender Inequality Persists in the Modern World. Oxford University Press.↑ Butler, Judith. 1999. Gender Trouble: Feminism and the Subversion of Identity. Routledge.↑ Chrisler, Joan and Paula Caplan. 2002. “The Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Ms. Hyde: How PMS became a Cultural Phenomenon and Psychiatric Disorder.” Annual Review of Sex Research 13:274-306.↑ a b c d Mortimer, Jeylan T. and Roberta G. Simmons. 1978. Adult Socialization. Annual Review of Sociology 4:421-54.↑ a b Goffman, Erving. 1961. Asylums: Essays on the social situations of Mental Patients and other Inmates. Doubleday Publishing↑ Goffman, Erving. 1981. Forms of Talk. University of Pennsylvania Press.↑ De Gregory, Lane (2008-08-04). ""The Girl in the Window"". St. Petersburg Times. http://www.tampabay.com/features/humaninterest/article750838.ece. Retrieved 2008-08-04.↑ Holland, David. 1970. Familization, Socialization, and the Universe of Meaning: An Extension of the Interactional Approach to the Study of the Family. Journal of Marriage and the Family 32 (3):415-27.↑ a b c Long, Theodore E. and Jeffrey K. Hadden. 1985. A Reconception of Socialization. Sociological Theory 3 (1):39-49.↑ a b Mark Nielsen and Keyan Tomaselli “Overimitation in Kalahari Bushman Children and the Origins of Human Cultural Cognition” in Psychological Science, May 2010, 21: 729-736.↑ Ellis, Godfrey J., Gary R. Lee, and Larry R. Petersen. 1978. Supervision and Conformity: A Cross-Cultural Analysis of Parental Socialization Values. American Journal of Sociology 84 (2):386-403.↑ a b Kohn, Melvin L. 1969. Class and Conformity, A Study in Values. Homewood, IL: Dorsey Press.↑ Marshall, Victor W. 1975. Socialization for Impending Death in a Retirement Village. American Journal of Sociology 80 (5):1124-44.↑ Rosenbaum, James E. 1975. The Stratification of Socialization Processes. American Sociological Review 40 (1):48-54.← Culture · Groups →← Culture · Introduction to Sociology · Groups → "


what does shortcut mean

In computing, a keyboard shortcut is a series of one or several keys, such as Ctrl+F to search a character string. Such a directive invokes a software or operating system operation (in other words, cause an event) when triggered by the user. The meaning of term ""keyboard shortcut"" can vary depending on software manufacturer.

Keyboard shortcut

"From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedianavigation search For Wikipedia keyboard shortcuts, see Wikipedia: Keyboard shortcuts. For a list of keyboard shortcuts, see Table of keyboard shortcuts. This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (December 2010) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message)Firefox 3.0 menu with shortcuts, highlighted with green and mnemonics highlighted with yellow. Composite of two Macintosh Finder menus with keyboard shortcuts specified in the right column

For instance, Microsoft differentiates keyboard shortcuts from hotkeys (""mnemonics"" on Windows) whereby the former consists of a specific key combination used to trigger an action, and the latter represents a designated letter in a menu command or toolbar button that when pressed together with the Alt key, activates such command—whereas a ""hotkey"" on Windows is a system wide shortcut that is always available in all contexts as long as the program responsible for it is running and not suspended. [ ambiguous]Contents [ hide ]1 Description2 Customization2.1 ""Sacred"" keybindings3 Notation4 See also5 Notes and references Description [ edit]Keyboard shortcuts are typically a means for invoking one or more commands using the keyboard that would otherwise be accessible only through a menu, a pointing device, different levels of a user interface, or via a command-line interface. Keyboard shortcuts are generally used to expedite common operations by reducing input sequences to a few keystrokes, hence the term ""shortcut"". [1]To differentiate from general keyboard input, most keyboard shortcuts require the user to press and hold several keys simultaneously or a sequence of keys one after the other. Unmodified key presses are sometimes accepted when the keyboard is not used for general input - such as with graphics packages e.g. Adobe Photoshop or IBM Lotus Freelance Graphics. Other keyboard shortcuts use function keys that are dedicated for use in shortcuts and may only require a single keypress. For simultaneous keyboard shortcuts, one usually first holds down the modifier key (s), then quickly presses and releases the regular (non-modifier) key, and finally releases the modifier key (s). This distinction is important, as trying to press all the keys simultaneously will frequently either miss some of the modifier keys, or cause unwanted auto-repeat. Sequential shortcuts usually involve pressing and releasing a dedicated prefix key, such as the Esc key, followed by one or more keystrokes. Mnemonics are distinguishable from keyboard shortcuts. One difference between them is that the keyboard shortcuts are not localized on multi-language software but the mnemonics are generally localized to reflect the symbols and letters used in the specific locale. In most GUIs, a program's keyboard shortcuts are discoverable by browsing the program's menus – the shortcut is indicated next to the menu choice. There are keyboards that have the shortcuts for a particular application already marked on them. These keyboards are often used for editing video, audio, or graphics, [2] as well as in software training courses. There are also stickers with shortcuts printed on them that can be applied to a regular keyboard. Reference cards intended to be propped up in the user's workspace also exist for many applications. In the past, when computer hardware was more standardized, it was common for computer books and magazines to print cards that were cut out, intended to be placed over the user's keyboard with the printed shortcuts noted next to the appropriate keys. Customization [ edit]Visual chart of the default keyboard bindings for the video game Vega Strike. These bindings can be reconfigured by editing the relevant XML file in a text editor. When shortcuts are referred to as key bindings it carries the connotation that the shortcuts are customizable to a user's preference and that program functions may be 'bound' to a different set of keystrokes instead of or in addition to the default. [3] This highlights a difference in philosophy regarding shortcuts. Some systems, typically end-user -oriented systems such as Mac OS or Windows, consider standardized shortcuts essential to the environment's ease of use. These systems usually limit a user's ability to change shortcuts, possibly even requiring a separate or third-party utility to perform the task. Other systems, typically Unix and related, consider shortcuts to be a user's prerogative, and that they should be changeable to suit individual preference. In most real-world environments, both philosophies co-exist; a core set of sacred shortcuts remain fixed while others, typically involving an otherwise unused modifier key or keys, are under the user's control. The motivations for customizing key bindings vary. Users new to a program or software environment may customize the new environment's keybindings to be similar to another environment with which they are more familiar. [4] More advanced users may customize key bindings to better suit their workflow, adding shortcuts for their commonly used actions and possibly deleting or replacing bindings for less-used functions. [5] Hardcore gamers often customize their key bindings in order to increase performance via faster reaction times. ""Sacred"" keybindings [ edit]The original Macintosh User Interface Guidelines defined a set of keyboard shortcuts that would remain consistent across application programs. This provides a better user experience than the situation then-prevalent one of applications using the same keys for different functions. This could result in user errors if one program used ⌘ Command + D to mean Delete while another used it to Duplicate an item. The standard bindings were (with Microsoft Windows equivalents in parentheses):⌘ Q : Q uit (equivalent to f12 )⌘ W : Close W indow (equivalent to f11)⌘ B : B old text (equivalent to Ctrl+B)⌘ I : I talicize text (equivalent to Ctrl+I)⌘ U : U nderline text (equivalent to Ctrl+U)⌘ O : O pen (equivalent to f10)⌘ P : P rint (equivalent to Ctrl+P)⌘ A : Select A ll (equivalent to Ctrl+A)⌘ S : S ave (equivalent to Ctrl+S)⌘ F : F ind (equivalent to Ctrl+F)⌘ G : Find A g ain (the G key is next to the F key on a QWERTY keyboard)⌘ Z : Undo (resembles the action of striking out a mistake; equivalent to Ctrl+Z)⌘ X : Cut (resembles scissors – and the X key is next to the C key on a QWERTY keyboard; equivalent to Ctrl+X)⌘ C : C opy (equivalent to Ctrl+C)⌘ V : Paste (resembles an arrow pointing downward ""into"" the document, or a brush used for applying paste, as well as the proofreader's mark for ""insert"" – and the V key is next to the C key on a QWERTY keyboard; equivalent to Ctrl+V)⌘ N : N ew Document (equivalent to Ctrl+N)⌘ . ( full stop ): User interrupt⌘ , ( comma ): Settings⌘ ? : Help (? signifies a question or confusion, equivalent to F1) [6]Later environments such as Microsoft Windows retain some of these bindings, while adding their own from alternate standards like Common User Access. The shortcuts on these platforms (or on mac OS) are not as strictly standardized across applications as on the early Macintosh user interface, where if a program did not include the function normally carried out by one of the standard keystrokes, guidelines stated that it should not redefine the key to do something else as it would potentially confuse users. [7]Notation [ edit]World Wide Web for Ne XTSTEP /Intel with keyboard shortcuts visible at bottom left. All shortcuts require the Ctrl key to be pressed ( or the Command key on black hardware ). Additionally, the Heading commands under the Style menu and commands under the Link menu require the ⇧ Shift key to be held down. The simplest keyboard shortcuts consist of only one key. For these, one generally just writes out the name of the key, as in the message ""Press F1 for Help"". The name of the key is sometimes surrounded in brackets or similar characters. For example: [F1] or <F1>. The key name may also be set off using special formatting (bold, italic, all caps, etc. )Many shortcuts require two or more keys to be pressed together. For these, the usual notation is to list the keys names separated by plus signs or hyphens. For example: ""Ctrl+C"", ""Ctrl-C"", or "" Ctrl + C "". The Ctrl key is sometimes indicated by a caret character (^). Thus Ctrl-C is sometimes written as ^C. At times, usually on Unix platforms, the case of the second character is significant – if the character would normally require pressing the Shift key to type, then the Shift key is part of the shortcut e.g. '^C' vs. '^c' or '^%' vs. '^5'. ^% may also be written "" Ctrl + ⇧ Shift + 5 "". Some keyboard shortcuts, including all shortcuts involving the Esc key, require keys (or sets of keys) to be pressed individually, in sequence. These shortcuts are sometimes written with the individual keys (or sets) separated by commas or semicolons. The Emacs text editor uses many such shortcuts, using a designated set of ""prefix keys"" such as Ctrl + C or Ctrl + X. Default Emacs keybindings include Ctrl + X Ctrl + S to save a file or Ctrl + X Ctrl + B to view a list of open buffers. Emacs uses the letter C to denote the Ctrl key, the letter S to denote the Shift key, and the letter M to denote the Meta key (commonly mapped to the Alt key on modern keyboards.) Thus, in Emacs parlance, the above shortcuts would be written C-x C-s and C-x C-b. A common backronym for Emacs is ""Escape Meta Alt Ctrl Shift"", poking fun at its use of many modifiers and extended shortcut sequences. See also [ edit]Look up keyboard shortcut in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. Access key Accelerator table Common User Access (CUA)Human interface guidelines Table of keyboard shortcuts Notes and references [ edit]^ In the English language a ""shortcut"" may unintentionally suggest an incomplete or sloppy way of completing something. Consequently, some computer applications designed to be controlled mainly by the keyboard, such as Emacs, use the alternative term ""key binding"".^ Lowensohn, Josh (3 December 2009). ""Hardware for Gmail: The 'Gboard' keyboard"". CNET.com. Retrieved 7 January 2011.^ ""GNU Emacs Manual: Commands"". Emacs does not assign meanings to keys directly. Instead, Emacs assigns meanings to named commands, and then gives keys their meanings by binding them to commands.^ ""Macromedia Free Hand 10 for Windows and Macintosh"".^ ""Customizing your keyboard shortcuts"".^ ""Definition of QUESTION"". www.merriam-webster.com.^ ""OS X Human Interface Guidelines"". If your app does not perform the task associated with a recommended shortcut, think very carefully before you consider overriding it. Remember that although reassigning an unused shortcut might make sense in your app, your users are likely to know and expect the original, established meaning. [ hide]v t e Keyboard keys Dead keys Compose Modifier keys Control Shift Alt / Option ( Apple) Alt Gr Meta Command ( Apple) / Windows ( Microsoft) Super Hyper Fn Lock keys Scroll lock Num lock Caps lock F-Lock Navigation keys Arrow keys Page Up/Page Down Home End Esc Menu Editing Enter/Return Carriage return Backspace Insert Delete Tab Space bar Numeric keypad Language input Contextual Function keys Print screen System request Break/Pause Misc. Power management keys (Power, Sleep, Wake) Any key Macro key Concepts Keyboard layout Keyboard shortcut Authority control GND: 4488108-3Categories: User interface techniques "


how many categories of coverage on a homeowners policy

Homeowners coverage provides financial protection against loss due to disasters, theft and accidents. Most standard policies include four essential types of coverage: Coverage for the structure of your home; Coverage for your personal belongings; Liability protection; Coverage for Additional Living Expenses

What is covered by standard homeowners insurance?

Coverage for the structure of your home Your homeowners policy pays to repair or rebuild your home if it is damaged or destroyed by fire, hurricane, hail, lightning or other disasters listed in your policy. Most policies also cover detached structures such as a garage, tool shed or gazebo—generally for about 10 percent of the amount of insurance you have on the structure of the house. A standard policy will not pay for damage caused by a flood, earthquake or routine wear and tear. When purchasing coverage for the structure of your home, remember this simple guideline: Purchase enough coverage to rebuild your home. Coverage for your personal belongings Your furniture, clothes, sports equipment and other personal items are covered if they are stolen or destroyed by fire, hurricane or other insured disasters. The coverage is generally 50 to 70 percent of the insurance you have on the structure of the house. The best way to determine if this is enough coverage is to conduct a home inventory. Personal belongings coverage includes items stored off-premises—this means you are covered anywhere in the world. Some companies limit the amount to 10 percent of the amount of insurance you have for your possessions. You also have up to $500 of coverage for unauthorized use of your credit cards. Expensive items like jewelry, furs, art, collectibles and silverware are covered, but there are usually dollar limits if they are stolen. To insure these items to their full value, purchase a special personal property endorsement or floater and insure the item for its officially appraised value. Trees, plants and shrubs are also covered under standard homeowners insurance—generally for about $500 per item. Trees and plants are not covered for disease, or if they have been poorly maintained. Liability protection Liability covers you against lawsuits for bodily injury or property damage that you or family members cause to other people. It also pays for damage caused by your pets. So, if your son, daughter (or even your dog) accidentally ruins a neighbor’s expensive rug, you are covered. (However, if they destroy your rug, you’re out of luck. )The liability portion of your policy pays for both the cost of defending you in court and any court awards—up to the limit stated in your policy documents. Liability limits generally start at about $100,000, however, it’s a good idea to discuss whether you should purchase a higher level of protection with your insurance professional. If you have significant assets and want more coverage than is available under your homeowners policy, consider purchasing an umbrella or excess liability policy, which provides broader coverage and higher liability limits. Your policy also provides no-fault medical coverage, so if a friend or neighbor is injured in your home, he or she can simply submit medical bills to your insurance company. This way, expenses can be paid without a liability claim being filed against you. It does not, however, pay the medical bills for your own family or your pet. Additional living expenses (ALE)ALE pays the additional costs of living away from home if you cannot live there due to damage from a an insured disaster. It covers hotel bills, restaurant meals and other costs, over and above your usual living expenses, incurred while your home is being rebuilt. Keep in mind that the ALE coverage in your homeowners policy has limits—and some policies include a time limitation. However, these limits are separate from the amount available to rebuild or repair your home. Even if you use up your ALE your insurance company will still pay the full cost of rebuilding your home up to the policy limit. If you rent out part of your house, ALE also covers you for the rent that you would have collected from your tenant if your home had not been destroyed. Next steps: Purchasing a home? Get the Home Buyers Insurance Checklist. Back to top You May Also Like Homeowners + Renters Insurance How much homeowners insurance do I need? Homeowners + Renters Insurance Insuring a co-op or condo


calculation of geometric mean

al? How to calculate Geometric Mean The Geometric mean of a set of data can be derived from the formula Geometric Mean Calculation Example For example, to find the geometric mean of 9, 27 and 66; The first step is to multiplying the given numbers 9 x 27 x 66 will yield the result 16038. By taking cube root of the result 16038 gives the resulting Geometric Mean 25.2184.

Geometric Mean Calculator

Geometric Mean Calculator Geometric Mean Calculation Enter Inputs Enter the Numbers with Comma separated (,)5,20,40,80,100Out put of Geometric Mean Calculation No.of Inputs Geometric Mean Geometric Mean Calculator is an online tool programmed to calculate the statistical data if all the quantities had the same value, what would that value have to be in order to achieve the same product? The geometric mean is a type of mean or average, which relevant to set of quantities multiply together to produce a product The Difference of Arithmetic Mean The arithmetic mean is relevant to any time set of quantities add together to produce a total. The arithmetic mean provides the answer for if all the quantities had the same value, what would that value has to be in order to achieve the same tot

The Cubic Root is taken because of using three numbers, if using two numbers; we had to take the square root for the resulting product. If the set of numbers increases the power of root also increase and vice versa The above example can help you to understand the Geometric Mean process and will be useful for calculating the Geometric Mean. In the case of larger set of data, finding out the Geometric mean manually will be bit complicated. To accomplish this task, this online Geometric Mean Calculator assists you to find out the larger sets of data by a single mouse click and user can compare the manually calculated values with this calculator's output for given data set to verify their accuracy of the manually calculated result Similar Resource Geometric Progression Worksheet Geometric Mean Worksheet


when were cheetahs put on the endangered list

Cheetahs should be on the endangered species list The first one emerged after analyzing over 20,000 crowdsourced observations from tourists and two million pieces of scientific data between 2010 and 2016.

Cheetahs Might Soon Get on the Endangered Species List0Facebook Twitter Pinterest Tumblr Print Email Scientists are doing their best to get cheetahs on the endangered species list. A group of researchers has come together to ask the International Union for Conservation of Nature to list the cheetah as endangered. These scientists are part of the Big Cats Initiative of the National Geographic Society. On December 11th, they have published their new study in the journal Peer J. In the study, they have included updated numbers of the cheetah population from southern Africa. This represents the biggest part of this species’ remaining habitat. Scientists have analyzed millions of pieces of data from previous studies to develop this research. They have concluded that there are at least 3,577 adult cheetahs in southern Africa. However, there is a buffer area which could support a few more thousands of cheetahs. This population of cheetahs represents the largest free-ranging one on the globe, being half of the estimate that was published in November 2016. Currently, this species is listed as being vulnerable. Florian Weise is the co-lead author of the Massachusetts-based conservation group Claws Conservancy. The new paper offers two different estimates when it comes to cheetah population.

Weise together with his team of researchers managed to count 3,577 cheetah adults which were freely ranging, being spread across 305,000 square miles. The regions they have spread to include Zimbabwe, South Africa, Botswana, and Namibia. This population of cheetahs can fit an area about the size of France. Furthermore, scientists have also identified another area suitable for this animals’ development, which could constitute the home of 3,250 cheetahs. If we were to combine the numbers, the estimates in the paper would reveal about 6,800 African cheetahs. Varsha Vijay is a co-lead author who specializes in a geospatial analysis for The Primm Group at Duke University. She argues that their group of researchers specifically relies on the lower estimate since it is based on certain areas where they have already recorded estimates of cheetahs. Vijay also claims that scientists do not really trust the higher estimate due to the fact that it assumes an optimistic scenario. The scenario indicates that all the areas which scientists identified as potential cheetah habitats are actually occupied by cheetahs. Furthermore, they should have also considered that the densities of cheetahs population in those areas is the same with confirmed cheetah presence. The study released in 2016 indicated that the region hosted about 7,100 cheetahs. You May Also Want To Read: Bamboo Lemurs Seem to Be Affected by Climate Change Grassland Animals: What is Threatening Them and Their Habitat What Are the Most Endangered Species on the Planet and How to Help The populations of cheetahs are decreasing These numbers are down from the 15,000 cheetahs that appeared in a study from 1975. The paper from 2016 as well as other conservation groups asked for the status of cheetahs to change. This species is no longer vulnerable, growing to become an endangered one. Weise argues that they know for sure about the existence of 3,500 thousand cheetahs. However, there is still a possibility that their population is twice as many. Despite that, scientists cannot prove it. Even if some may think that this team of researchers is only crunching the numbers, they prefer to make sure that policymakers hear they request. If they prove to be unable to raise awareness regarding the dropping population of cheetahs, then the evidence they have will make no difference. These specialists indicate that humans are those who modified about 90% of the historic cheetah’s habitat. This species had once dominated vast areas in Asia and Africa. Nowadays, these cats are restricted to private land in six African countries. Their populations are continuously decreasing, registering a smaller population in East Africa. The number of cheetahs is dramatically dropping and scientists try to raise awareness, wanting to list them as endangered. The new research reveals that just 18.4% of the southern African cheetahs live within a protected land that was internationally recognized. This land is South Africa’s, Kruger National Park. In this way, most of the big cats live in particular areas for game and livestock production. Laurie Marker is the executive director and founder of the Cheetah Conservation Fund. She argues that they are all worried about the small populations which live outside the protected areas. Cheetahs in National Parks Unfortunately, the majority of the cheetahs in southern Africa do not live in protected areas. Hence, this makes them very vulnerable. The land where cheetahs once lived is now used by farmers for livestock and agriculture uses. Furthermore, in case this species threaten their livestock, farmers might be ready to kill them, and the number of cheetahs will decrease even more. However, these big cats rarely hunt domesticated animals. Unfortunately, people living in these areas might also unintentionally hit them with their cars while others poach them for bush meat. The IUCN is the main source for species conservation status. They are likely to put this species on the endangered species list only if there is a decline in 50 to 70% of the population in 10 years or three generations. If specialists develop a quantitative analysis that reveals that this species has a 20% chance of becoming extinct in the next five generations, the IUCN can list it as endangered. Weise argues that on an international level, this species gets a lot more protection. However, the general population trend is downwards. This necessitates special attention since the species was listed as vulnerable a long time ago. Marker continues by saying that even if these big cats were listed as endangered, farmers would continue to see them as threats. Therefore, they will still harm them. That is why scientists need to come up with more ways to rehabilitate the big cat populations. Unfortunately, scientists indicate that a subspecies of Asiatic cheetahs represent the world’s most critically endangered cats. This species is similar to their African relatives, being slightly slimmer and with longer legs. Summing up In the past, Asiatic cheetahs roamed all over Central Asia, Afghanistan, Pakistan, and India. Unfortunately, nowadays humans left their imprint on them, harming them. Now, they live in protected areas in Iran, like the Touran National Park and the Kavir National Park. Image Source: 1, 20Facebook Twitter Pinterest Tumblr Print Email Show Your Friends!William E. Eubanks December 12, 2017News


what make up the pistil in the female flower

Flowers have some basic parts. The female part is the pistil. The pistil usually is located in the center of the flower and is made up of three parts: the stigma, style, and ovary. The stigma is the sticky knob at the top of the pistil. It is attached to the long, tubelike structure called the style. The style leads to the ovary that contains the female egg cells called ovules.

Plant Parts - Flowers Flowers not only look pretty but, in fact, are important in making seeds.

The male parts are called stamens and usually surround the pistil. The stamen is made up of two parts: the anther and filament . The anther produces pollen (male reproductive cells). The filament holds the anther up. During the process of fertilization , pollen lands on the stigma, a tube grows down the style and enters the ovary. Male reproductive cells travel down the tube and join with the ovule, fertilizing it. The fertilized ovule becomes the seed, and the ovary becomes the fruit. Petals are also important parts of the flower, because they help attract pollinators such as bees, butterflies and bats. You can also see tiny green leaf-like parts called sepals at the base of the flower. They help to protect the developing bud. Go on to the next plant part >>>


which mental illness symptoms

But a mental health concern becomes a mental illness when ongoing signs and symptoms cause frequent stress and affect your ability to function. A mental illness can make you miserable and can cause problems in your daily life, such as at school or work or in relationships.

Overview

Print Overview Mental illness refers to a wide range of mental health conditions — disorders that affect your mood, thinking and behavior. Examples of mental illness include depression, anxiety disorders, schizophrenia, eating disorders and addictive behaviors. Many people have mental health concerns from time to time.

In most cases, symptoms can be managed with a combination of medications and talk therapy (psychotherapy). Symptoms Signs and symptoms of mental illness can vary, depending on the disorder, circumstances and other factors. Mental illness symptoms can affect emotions, thoughts and behaviors. Examples of signs and symptoms include: Feeling sad or down Confused thinking or reduced ability to concentrate Excessive fears or worries, or extreme feelings of guilt Extreme mood changes of highs and lows Withdrawal from friends and activities Significant tiredness, low energy or problems sleeping Detachment from reality (delusions), paranoia or hallucinations Inability to cope with daily problems or stress Trouble understanding and relating to situations and to people Alcohol or drug abuse Major changes in eating habits Sex drive changes Excessive anger, hostility or violence Suicidal thinking Sometimes symptoms of a mental health disorder appear as physical problems, such as stomach pain, back pain, headache, or other unexplained aches and pains. When to see a doctor If you have any signs or symptoms of a mental illness, see your primary care provider or mental health specialist. Most mental illnesses don't improve on their own, and if untreated, a mental illness may get worse over time and cause serious problems. If you have suicidal thoughts Suicidal thoughts and behavior are common with some mental illnesses. If you think you may hurt yourself or attempt suicide, get help right away: Call 911 or your local emergency number immediately. Call your mental health specialist. Call a suicide hotline number — in the U. S., call the National Suicide Prevention Lifeline at 1-800-273-TALK (1-800-273-8255). Seek help from your primary care doctor or other health care provider. Reach out to a close friend or loved one. Contact a minister, spiritual leader or someone else in your faith community. Suicidal thinking doesn't get better on its own — so get help. Helping a loved one If your loved one shows signs of mental illness, have an open and honest discussion with him or her about your concerns. You may not be able to force someone to get professional care, but you can offer encouragement and support. You can also help your loved one find a qualified mental health provider and make an appointment. You may even be able to go along to the appointment. If your loved one has done self-harm or is considering doing so, take the person to the hospital or call for emergency help. Request an Appointment at Mayo Clinic Causes Mental illnesses, in general, are thought to be caused by a variety of genetic and environmental factors: Inherited traits. Mental illness is more common in people whose blood relatives also have a mental illness. Certain genes may increase your risk of developing a mental illness, and your life situation may trigger it. Environmental exposures before birth. Exposure to environmental stressors, inflammatory conditions, toxins, alcohol or drugs while in the womb can sometimes be linked to mental illness. Brain chemistry. Neurotransmitters are naturally occurring brain chemicals that carry signals to other parts of your brain and body. When the neural networks involving these chemicals are impaired, the function of nerve receptors and nerve systems change, leading to depression. Risk factors Certain factors may increase your risk of developing mental health problems, including: Having a blood relative, such as a parent or sibling, with a mental illness Stressful life situations, such as financial problems, a loved one's death or a divorce An ongoing (chronic) medical condition, such as diabetes Brain damage as a result of a serious injury (traumatic brain injury), such as a violent blow to the head Traumatic experiences, such as military combat or being assaulted Use of alcohol or recreational drugs Being abused or neglected as a child Having few friends or few healthy relationships A previous mental illness Mental illness is common. About 1 in 5 adults has a mental illness in any given year. Mental illness can begin at any age, from childhood through later adult years, but most begin earlier in life. The effects of mental illness can be temporary or long lasting. You also can have more than one mental health disorder at the same time. For example, you may have depression and a substance use disorder. Complications Mental illness is a leading cause of disability. Untreated mental illness can cause severe emotional, behavioral and physical health problems. Complications sometimes linked to mental illness include: Unhappiness and decreased enjoyment of life Family conflicts Relationship difficulties Social isolation Problems with tobacco, alcohol and other drugs Missed work or school, or other problems related to work or school Legal and financial problems Poverty and homelessness Self-harm and harm to others, including suicide or homicide Weakened immune system, so your body has a hard time resisting infections Heart disease and other medical conditions Prevention There's no sure way to prevent mental illness. However, if you have a mental illness, taking steps to control stress, to increase your resilience and to boost low self-esteem may help keep your symptoms under control. Follow these steps: Pay attention to warning signs. Work with your doctor or therapist to learn what might trigger your symptoms. Make a plan so that you know what to do if symptoms return. Contact your doctor or therapist if you notice any changes in symptoms or how you feel. Consider involving family members or friends to watch for warning signs. Get routine medical care. Don't neglect checkups or skip visits to your health care provider, especially if you aren't feeling well. You may have a new health problem that needs to be treated, or you may be experiencing side effects of medication. Get help when you need it. Mental health conditions can be harder to treat if you wait until symptoms get bad. Long-term maintenance treatment also may help prevent a relapse of symptoms. Take good care of yourself. Sufficient sleep, healthy eating and regular physical activity are important. Try to maintain a regular schedule. Talk to your health care provider if you have trouble sleeping or if you have questions about diet and physical activity. By Mayo Clinic Staff Request an Appointment at Mayo Clinic Diagnosis & treatment Oct. 13, 2015Print Share on: Facebook Twitter References Related Mental health providers: Tips on finding one Intervention: Help a loved one overcome addiction Mental health: Overcoming the stigma of mental illness Passive-aggressive behavior Mental health Mental illness in children: Know the signs Fatigue Back pain Abdominal pain Headache Mental illness Symptoms & causes Diagnosis & treatment Advertisement Mayo Clinic does not endorse companies or products. Advertising revenue supports our not-for-profit mission. Advertising & Sponsorship Policy Opportunities Ad Choices Mayo Clinic Marketplace Check out these best-sellers and special offers on books and newsletters from Mayo Clinic. 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