what's a longshoreman?

A longshoreman, also sometimes called a harbor worker or a dock laborer, is primarily responsible for loading and unloading cargo on a docked ship. Longshoremen typically work in teams to systematically move and sort shipping containers, oil barrels, and other cargo.

What does a Longshoreman do?

The job involves both the operation of machinery and manual labor like lifting and pushing. Some knowledge of logistics is also usually an asset. Basic Duties Sea-based cargo is an important part of most countries’ economies. Some things can be shipped by air, but for heavier objects like cars and machine parts, shipment by sea is often much more practical. Most of the time, though, cargo ships do not staff enough people on board to completely load or unload the holds at each port of call. For this they rely on teams of longshoremen. One of the most important duties of any longshoreman is the operation of cranes, forklifts, and other heavy machinery that can be used to move cargo either onto or off of a ship. Workers must be able to take orders from the dock manager or boss, often called a “ stevedore .” A stevedore’s instructions often pertain to how cargo should be ordered, and where it should be placed and processed. Longshoremen are also expected to secure containers once loaded. This usually involves tying them down or “thrashing” them once they are loaded onto ships, then untying them when it is time to unload. Shoveling work is commonly required as well, particularly when it comes to bulk cargo like coal, grains, and gravel. Depending on the specifics of a given job, a longshoreman could spend an entire day shoveling. Typical Hours Most of the time, a longeshoreman’s hours are determined by shipping or dock schedules. International sea freight is a round-the-clock business, which means that longshoremen may be needed at any time of the day or night. There is usually plenty of notice when it comes to required hours, but predictability is not usually associated with the job. Differences Between Casual and Permanent Workers In most markets, there are two categories of longshoremen — those who are members of permanent loading teams, and those who are hired as-needed for specific projects. The latter are usually referred to as “casual workers,” and enjoy little to no job security. They usually apply in person when ships arrive in hopes of finding work. If there is a need for more hands, they are often hired on. Many longshoremen approach casual work as a door to a more permanent position, though the waiting can be long. It is not uncommon for a longshoreman to work for five years or more in a casual capacity before he or she is picked up for a contracted job. Those who are contracted by specific stevedores or loading companies have much greater job stability, and are usually salaried. They may also receive benefits like health insurance and paid vacations or sick days. In the United States, most permanent workers are members of longshoremen’s unions, which protect workers’ rights and job security. Pay Expectations Due in part to how dangerous and physically demanding the job of a longshoreman is, the pay is usually somewhat high. Permanent workers almost always make more than casual hires, but much depends on seniority. In most cases, longshoremen of all ranks can expect to make as much if not more than they would in an entry-level office job. Training and Experience Required The most important asset for any longshoreman is the ability to do manual labor and the flexibility to work long and irregular hours. Fluency in the language of supervisors is usually required, but there are rarely any specific training or education standards. Some docks set age minimums, usually 16 or 18. Within these parameters, anyone who is physically able is usually eligible to work. Ad


how much does a average nfl player make

Cornerbacks have among the highest variation between the stars of the position earn and what the average corner earns. The average of the top 10 players' average salary is $10.2 million, which is higher than the average of the 10 highest salaries for defensive tackles, linebackers and safeties. However, for every Champ Bailey ($10.75 million), there are many Colt Andersons ($405,000).

Quarterbacks: $3,840,017

1 of 11 Robert Beck/SIQuarterbacks: $3,840,017

It may come as no surprise that signal callers top the list with an average salary of nearly $4 million. Huge contracts like Drew Brees' $20 million per year and Peyton Manning's $19.2 million are the most for any player. Even starter/backup/starter Michael Vick brought in $16 million, not nearly the deal Russell Wilson was at $745,500.

Advertisement2 of 11 Kellen Micah\Icon

SMIDefensive Ends: $2,599,874Trailing only quarterbacks in average salary are the guys paid to bring down the quarterbacks. Mario Williams ($16 million) and Julius Peppers ($14 million) top this position group, while the Chiefs shell out a combined $23.5 million for the services of Tamba Hali and Tyson Jackson.

That's a lot of dough for the third worst sacks total in the league in 2012.3 of 11 Jeff Moffett/Icon SMIDefensive Tackles: $1,807,581About $800,000 behind their defensive line mates, defensive tackles earn the third most on average. Haloti Ngata and Terrell Suggs rank No. 2 and No. 4 on the list of highest-priced defensive tackles. With the Ravens in the Super Bowl, probably not too many people in Baltimore are going to complain about the pairing's $22.6 million combined average salary. Advertisement4 of 11 David Bergman/SIWide Receivers: $1,806,999Moving back into the offensive skill positions, wide receivers bring in just $600 less on average than defensive tackles. Calvin Johnson draws the most attention with his $18.8 million average salary -- more than 10 times the average for a wide receiver, the highest variation from the position average of any player. Don't overlook the Chicago Bears' spending at the wideout position. Chicago posted the fifth-fewest receiving yards despite average salaries of $10.2 million and $9.5 million for Devin Hester and Brandon Marshall, respectively. Advertisement5 of 11 Robert Beck/SILinebackers: $1,803,388Between De Marcus Ware (highest-paid linebacker) and Anthony Spencer (fifth highest-paid linebacker) Jerry Jones is dropping a pretty significant chunk of change in this position group. Ware's and Spencer's average salaries combine to more than $20 million. The Steelers aren't stingy with their linebackers either with a combined $18.5 million spent on La Marr Woodley and Lawrence Timmons. Advertisement6 of 11 Cliff Welch/Icon SMIOffensive Linemen: $1,760,164There's some variation among the different positions of the offensive line, with offensive tackles typically leading the group. Guards drive most of the Tampa Bay Buccaneers' spending with $9.5 million to Carl Nicks and $7.5 million to Davin Joseph. Despite neither guard playing the full year -- Joseph spent the entire season on the IR --Tampa Bay allowed the third-fewest sacks. Advertisement7 of 11 John W. Mc Donough/SISafeties: $1,752,582The three top-earning safeties are all strong safeties (Charles Woodson, Eric Berry and Troy Polamalu), while the San Diego Chargers' Eric Weddle and Oakland Raiders' Michael Huff bring in $8 million each to lead all free safeties. The Raiders dish out plenty to safeties all around with another $6.7 million going to strong safety Tyvon Branch. Advertisement8 of 11 Peter Read Miller/SICornerbacks: $1,690,105

Advertisement9 of 11 David Scearce/Icon SMIKickers and Punters: $1,662,786The Bay Area loves its special teamers. The Oakland Raiders pay $4 million each to kicker Sebastian Janikowski and punter Shane Lechler, while San Francisco 49ers kicker David Akers gets $3 million and punter Andy Lee earns $3.1 million. Advertisement10 of 11 John Biever/SIRunning Backs: $1,550,624You may not believe it, but yes, running backs earns less than kickers and punter on average. Though typically among the stars of the team, running backs typically have short shelf lives and pose high injury risks that can make franchises balk at high-salary guaranteed contracts. Only the Minnesota Vikings' Adrian Peterson and the Oakland Raiders' Darren Mc Fadden haul in eight figures on average. Any Vikings fan would say Peterson's $13.7 million was money well spent this season. Advertisement11 of 11 David Bergman/SITight Ends: $1,420,890When SI last looked at player salaries by position, not a single tight end was earning $5 million per year. Now there are two tight ends earning more than that just on the New England Patriots. Rob Gronkowski and Aaron Hernandez collect nearly $13 million combined, but the Dallas Cowboys' Jason Witten tops the earnings list with $7.2 million in average salary. Even with those stars' big contracts, tight ends still earn the least on average of any position group.


what is the mayor of torrington ct salary

999Of 26 municipalities with populations between 20,000 and 39,999, seven have mayors, four of whom are full-time, and 11 have city or town managers. Salaries of the full-time mayors range from $54,814 in Naugatuck to $60,089 in Torrington. The part-time mayors ' salaries range from zero in Cheshire to $40,000 in Shelton. City managers ' salaries range from a low of $60,608 in Watertown to a high of $91,916 in Wethersfield.

Topic: WAGES; MUNICIPAL OFFICIALS/EMPLOYEES; Location: MUNICIPAL OFFICIALS AND EMPLOYEES - COMPENSATION;The Connecticut General Assembly OFFICE OF LEGISLATIVE RESEARCHDecember 12, 1995 95-R-1570TO: FROM: Judith S. Lohman, Principal Analyst RE: Salaries of Mayors and Town and City Managers

You asked for the salaries of mayors and town and city managers in Connecticut. SUMMARYAccording to the Connecticut Conference of Municipalities ' (CCM) annual survey of municipal officials ' salaries, for FY 1994-95, full-time mayors ' salaries ranged from $26,780 in Groton (city) to $83,500 in Waterbury.

Part-time mayors earned from zero (Cheshire) to $40,000 (Shelton). City and town managers ' salaries ranged from $57,823 in Winchester to $115,000 in Hartford. Mayors and city managers are found in the larger municipalities in Connecticut. Over half of all Connecticut towns have neither a mayor nor a city or town manager but are instead run by first selectmen. CCM ' s survey covers 161 of the 169 towns. The following towns did not respond: Bethany, Killingworth, Lisbon, Rocky Hill, Sharon, Willington, Windsor, and Wolcott. SALARIES IN CITIES AND TOWNS - BY POPULATIONPopulation 40,000 and Over In 23 municipalities with populations of at least 40,000, 17 have mayors, of whom 15 are full-time, and seven have full-time city manage

rs. Salaries of the full-time mayors in such municipalities range from $30,000 in Hartford to $83,500 in Waterbury. The two part-time mayors of Manchester and Meriden make $1,500 and $7,200 respectively. City managers ' salaries range from a low of $68,500 in Stratford to $115,000 in Hartford.

Table 1 shows the complete list. Table 1: Mayors ' and City/Town Managers ' Salaries FY 1994-95Population 40,000 and Above City/Town Mayor ' s Salary City/Town Manager ' s Salary Bridgeport$52,000Bristol$70,300Danbury$68,275East Hartford$57,174Enfield$77,855Groton (Town)$79,500Hamden$62,000Hartford$30,000$115,000Manchester$ 1,500 (PT)$93,116Meriden$ 7,200 (PT)$89,000Middletown$58,185Milford$62,900New Britain$77,164New Haven$65,000Norwalk$77,409Stamford$80,000Stratford$68,500Wallingford$52,000Waterbury$83,500West Hartford$99,762West Haven$54,000Population 20,000 to 39,

A complete list of salaries for these towns may be found in Table 2. Table 2: Mayors ' and City Managers ' Salaries FY 1994-95Population 20,00 to 39,999Town Mayor ' s Salary City/Town Manager ' s Salary Cheshire$0 (PT)$87,420East Haven$55,000Farmington$85,500Glastonbury$84,000Naugatuck$54,814Newington$82,676New London$82,612New Milford$57,990Norwich$79,000Shelton$40,000 (PT)Southington$85,344South Windsor$82,812Torrington60,089Vernon20,785 (PT)$69,178Watertown$60,608Wethersfield$91,916Population - 10,000 to 19,999In 41 municipalities with populations between 10,000 and 19,999, four have full-time and three have part-time mayors and 10 have town managers. Full-time mayors' salaries range from $40,484 in Plymouth to $57,000 in Ledyard. The part-time mayors' salaries range from $1,500 in Winchester to $39,000 in Ansonia. Town managers ' salaries range from $57,823 in Winchester to $94,520 in Avon. A complete list of salaries for these towns may be found in Table 3. Table 3: Mayors ' and City Managers' Salaries FY 1994-95Population 10,000 to 19,999Town Mayor ' s Salary City/Town Manager ' s Salary Ansonia$39,000 (PT)Avon$94,520Berlin$49,916Bloomfield$81,678Coventry$62,472Derby$25,000 (PT)East Hampton$70,040Killingly$64,715Ledyard$57,000Mansfield$90,762Montville$46,200North Branford$70,995Plainville$81,239Plymouth$40,484Tolland$78,500Winchester$1,500 (PT)$57,823Population - Under 10,000Of 80 municipalities with populations under 10,000, only three have mayors and two, town managers. Mayors ' salaries range from $26,780 in the city of Groton to $41,468 in Prospect. The two town managers ' salaries are $68,882 in Weston and $82,375 in Granby. A complete list may be found in Table 4. Table 4: Mayors ' and City Managers ' Salaries FY 1994-95Population Under 10,000Town Mayor ' s Salary Town Managers 'Salary Granby$82,375Groton (city)$26,780Prospect$41,468Putnam$32,700Weston$68,882JSL:tjo


how far is disney world from universal

Universal is approximately 15 minutes from Disney World on I4 (westbound), depending on which resort hotel you are staying at.

Travel United States Orlando What is the distance between Disney World and Universal studios in Orlando

? I am planning a holiday to Florida, and I am trying to plan my daily timetable. I just want to know how close together the main attractions are. I will be staying in a Disney World resort hotel, but wondered how far it is to Universal so I can visit there too.7 following

12 answers Answers Relevance Rating Newest Oldest Best Answer: During normal traffic it will take you 20 minutes to get from the Disney resorts to Universal Studios. http://www.orlandofloridasucks.comjacquiannousse · 1 decade ago3 0 Comment This Site Might Help You. RE: What is the distance between Disney World and Universal studios in Orlando? I am planning a holiday to Florida, and I am trying to plan my daily timetable

. I just want to know how close together the main attractions are. I will be staying in a Disney World resort hotel, but wondered how far it is to Universal so I can visit there too. Source (s):distance disney world universal studios orlando: https://tr.im/41l19A

nonymous · 3 years ago1 1 Comment If you're looking forward to exploring the areas or would like to relax by the share at a resort, with hotelbye , in the Orlando Town, is wherever you will find all of it so start preparing your enjoyment vacation! Orlando encourages extraordinary reports like nowhere otherwise; experiences of creativity; experiences of awareness and epic adventure. Orlando is just a destination where kids and grownups alike can appreciate once-in-a-lifetime activities discovering the renowned amusement parks, marine attractions and magnificent escapes. So be open to surprises because your constant history starts here!? · 1 year ago0 1 Comment

, Days Inn Lake Buena Vista is at the heart of Orlando's attractions, just 1 mile from Downtown Disney/Pleasure Island, 1.5 mile from the Walt Disney World theme parks, 5 miles to Sea World, and 7 miles to Universal Studios.

these are the distances from a hotel we stayed in should give you some idea, beware traffic allow extra travelling timehoughton weaver · 1 decade ago1 4 Commentis not so much.

disney are in exit from 64 to 68 in the Interstate 4 and universal studios is in 75. international drive on exit 72. milenia in 78. i think tthat sea world is between the exit 72 and 75 ans busch garden is in exit 3.

Christian R · 1 decade ago2 0 Comment For the best answers, search on this site https://shorturl.im/B5l VY Its approximately ten miles. Probably less than ten. From Disney, take I-4 East to Sand Lk Rd, follow signs.maps are abundant at the airport and around disney. Jane · 2 years ago0 1 Comment

verrico98 · 1 decade ago1 0 Comment25 minutes or so just up the I-4Rob D · 1 decade ago2 0 Comment8 to 10 milesheat19882007 · 1 decade ago0 2 Comment--->> Tips---> https://trimurl.im/h10/what-is-the-distance-between-disney-world-and-universal-studios-in-orlando Anonymous · 3 years ago0 0 Comment1 2 next Perhaps you would like to learn more about one of these? Need debt consolidation loans? Want to buy a domain name? Need a DUI Attorney? Best Home Security System?


temperature sensors - analog output

Featured analog temperature sensors Analog temperature sensors provide a highly linear output proportional to temperature. Their low power generates minimal self-heating enabling accuracy down to +/-0.13°C. Analog temperature sensors are very simple to use, requiring no compensation circuitry, look-up tables or calibration.

Analog temperature sensors

Analog temperature sensors Smallest, most accurate solutions from the inventor of the IC temperature sensor Find products Find and select analog output temperature sensors Automotive devices High accuracy Through-hole packaging Find products Applications Explore reference designs and products based on key applications Automotive Industrial Personal electronics Enterprise systems View more Learning center Build your temp sensing knowledge from the experts Fundamentals of temperature sensing Types of temperature sensors IC temperature sensors vs. thermistors Learn more

Product LMT84-Q1 *LMT85-Q1 *LMT86-Q1 *LMT87-Q1 *TMP235 * TMP236 * LMT88 LMT89 LM35 LMT70Product LMT84-Q1 *LMT85-Q1 *LMT86-Q1 *LMT87-Q1 *TMP235 * TMP236 * LMT88 LMT89 LM35 LMT70Gain-5.5m V/°C-8.2m V/°C-10.9m V/°C-13.6m V/°C+10.0m V/°C +19.6m V/°C -11.77m V/°C-11.77m V/°C+10.0m V/°C -5.19m V/°CAccuracy (max) 2.7 (-50°C to 150°C)1.0 (0°C to 70°C) A22.0 (0°C to 70°C) A41.0 (0°C to 70°C) A22.0 (0°C to 70°C) A45.0 (-55°C to 130°C) 2.5 (-55°C to 130°C) 0.75 (-50°C to 150°C)0.13 (20°C to 42°C)0.20 (-20°C to 90°C)Operating range -50°C to 150°C -50°C to 150°C -50°C to 150°C -55°C to 150°C -55°C to 150°C -55°C to 150°C -55°C to 150°CQuiescent current (typ) 5.4µA 9µA 9µA 4.5µA 4.5µA 105µA 9.2µAVDD (V) (min-max)1.5 - 5.51.8 - 5.52.2 - 5.52.7 - 5.52.3 - 5.5 3.1 - 5.5 2.4 - 5.5 2.4 - 5.5 4.0 - 30.0 2.0 - 5.5Package footprint SC70 (2.0 mm x 1.25 mm), TO-92 (4.3 mm x 3.5 mm) SC70 (2.0 mm x 1.25 mm) SOT-23 (2.92 mm x 1.3 mm) SC70 (2.0 mm x 1.25 mm) SOT-23 (2.92 mm x 1.3 mm) SC70 (2.0 mm x 1.25 mm) SC70 (2.0 mm x 1.25 mm) TO-92 (4.3 mm x 4.3 mm), TO-220 (14.986 mm × 10.16 mm) DSBGA (0.88 mm x 0.88 mm)*AEC100 Grade 1Why analog temperature sensors? Guaranteed accuracy No calibration Highly linear No compensation circuitry Wide tempertaure range No look up tables Broadest range of packaging options Bare die Chipscale Surface mount Through-Hole (TO)Hermetically sealed Browse analog temperature sensors Analog temperature sensors provide a highly linear output proportional to temperature. Their low power generates minimal self-heating enabling accuracy down to +/-0.13°C. Analog temperature sensors are very simple to use, requiring no compensation circuitry, look-up tables or calibration.


dr azadpour phone number

th. Call Dr. Maziar Azadpour on phone number (503) 485-4787 for more information and advice or to book an appointment.875 Oak St Se Suite 5080 Salem, OR 97301-3975 (503) 485-4787

Maziar Azadpour

Maziar Azadpourshare on MEDICARE Cardiovascular Disease (cardiology) specialist in Salem ORDr. Maziar Azadpour is a Cardiovascular Disease (cardiology) Specialist in Salem, Oregon. He graduated with honors in 1994. Having more than 24 years of diverse experiences, especially in CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE (CARDIOLOGY), INTERNAL MEDICINE, Dr. Maziar Azadpour affiliates with many hospitals including Salem Hospital, Silverton Hospital, Santiam Memorial Hospital, West Valley Hospital, Samaritan Albany General Hospital, and cooperates with other doctors and specialists in many medical groups including Cascade Cardiology LLC, Salem Health West Valley, Salem Health, Silverton Heal

(503) 485-4789Map and Directions Doctor Profile Basics Full Name Maziar Azadpour Gender Male PECOS ID 6103882923Experience 24+ years of diverse experiences Sole Proprietor No - He does not own any un-incorporated business by himself. Accepts Medicare Assignment He does accept the payment amount Medicare approves and not to bill you for more than the Medicare deductible and coinsurance. Medical Specialities CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE (CARDIOLOGY)INTERNAL MEDICINECredentials Doctor of Medicine (MD)Education & Training Dr. Maziar Azadpour attended to a university and then graduated in 1994NPPES Information NPI #: 1730131855Enumeration Date: May 17th, 2006Last Update Date: Jan 24th, 2017Request for update Quality Reporting Participated programs include Medicare Physician Quality Reporting System (PQRS). Medicare Electronic Health Record (EHR). Medical Licenses Dr. Maziar Azadpour has primarily specialised in Cardiovascular Disease (cardiology) for over 24 years. Specialization License Number Issued State Internal Medicine / Cardiovascular Disease MD26734 Oregon Affiliated Hospitals Hospital Name Hospital Type Hospital Ownership Location Samaritan Albany General Hospital Acute Care Hospitals Voluntary non-profit - Church Albany, Oregon Legacy Silverton Medical Center Acute Care Hospitals Voluntary non-profit - Private Silverton, Oregon Salem Hospital Acute Care Hospitals Voluntary non-profit - Other Salem, Oregon Santiam Hospital Acute Care Hospitals Voluntary non-profit - Private Stayton, Oregon Salem Health West Valley Critical Access Hospitals Voluntary non-profit - Private Dallas, Oregon Medical Group Practice Organization Number of Members Cascade Cardiology LLC 4Salem Health 163Silverton Health 59Practice Location875 Oak St Se Suite 5080 Salem, Oregon 97301-3975 Phone: (503) 485-4787 Fax: (503) 485-4789 Office Hours: Monday - Friday: 8:00 AM - 5:00 PMSaturday - Sunday: Closed This doctor profile was extracted from the dataset publicized on Feb 15th, 2018 by the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) and from the corresponded NPI record updated on Jan 24th, 2017 on NPPES website. If you found out anything that is incorrect and want to change it, please follow this Update Data guide. Related Doctors and Physicians


how long can a hippo hold its breath underwater

A: Quick Answer When submerged underwater, hippos can hold their breath for 5 minutes or even longer if needed. Hippos have nostrils located on the top of their heads, which allows them to breathe even if the rest of their body is under water. Continue Reading

Pets & Animals Mammals Q: How Long Is a Hippo Able to Hold Its Breath?

Keep Learning How Big Is the Largest Hippo? Can Hippos Swim? What Is the Only Mammal That Can't Jump? Full Answer Hippos are also able to sleep underwater because they have a built-in reflex that causes them to bob up to the surface for air when necessary. Hippos can also see well underwater because they have a clear protective membrane over their eyes. Despite having adapted for life in aquatic environments, hippos cannot swim. They mainly live in lakes and slow moving rivers throughout the African continent. Learn more about Mammals Sources: sandiegozoo.org Related Questions Q: What Is a Cartoon Hippo? A: Cartoon hippos are characters drawn and featured in typically humorous animated films or TV series. Among the most well-known cartoon hippos are the dancin... Full Answer >Filed Under: Fine Art Q: Does a Hippo Sweat? A: Hippos do not sweat, but often submerge themselves in water to keep cool during the day. They produce a substance that looks like sweat, but is actually a ... Full Answer >Filed Under: Mammals Q: How Big Is a Baby Hippo? A: Baby hippopotamuses, which are more commonly known as calves, are born underwater and typically weigh in somewhere between 50 and 110 pounds and are about ... Full Answer >Filed Under: Mammals Q: How Fast Can a Hippo Run? A: The hippopotamus can run up to 19 mph over short distances. The average speed of a hippopotamus running is 14 mph, according to Live Science.com. They are v... Full Answer >Filed Under: Mammals You May Also Like Q: What Is a Racoon's Habitat? Q: What Are Some Interesting Facts About Mammals? Q: What Foods Should Not Be Fed to Chinchillas? Q: Do Foxes Hibernate in the Winter? Q: What Are Some Funny Animal Facts? Q: How Many Otters Are Left in the World?


meaning of historical method

red Definition of historical method: a technique of presenting information (as in teaching or criticism) in which a topic is considered in terms of its earliest phases and followed in an historical course through its subsequent evolution and development

historical method

historical methodnoun Popularity: Bottom 20% of words Trending Now:glib depose omnibus acrimony excoriate ALLTime Traveler! Explore the year a word first appea

There's more!Love words? You must — there are over 200,000 words in our free online dictionary, but you are looking for one that’s only in the Merriam-Webster Unabridged Dictionary. Start your free trial today and get unlimited access to America's largest dictionary, with: More than 250,000 words that aren't in our free dictionary Expanded definitions, etymologies, and usage notes Advanced search features Ad free!Join Our Free Trial Now!Already a subscriber? Log in. Seen and Heard What made you want to look up historical method? Please tell us where you read or heard it (including the quote, if possible).show


define memorandum of understanding

Memorandum of Understanding (MOU)mean? A memorandum of understanding (MOU) is a document that describes a formal agreement between two parties. It is not a legal agreement, but it does indicate the establishment of a business relationship that will continue and likely result in a legal agreement such as a contract. This term is also known as a letter of intent (LOI) in the United States.

Memorandum of Understanding (MOU)

Memorandum of Understanding (MOU)Definition - What does

Techopedia explains Memorandum of Understanding (MOU)An MOU indicates that a legal contract will be forthcoming. This is more expeditious than other forms of documentation. An MOU can also be put in place before the formalities of a contract when an agreement between parties has been reached but still requires written documentation. MOUs can vary and be tailored to each organization’s or party’s needs. An MOU should state or describe: Who the partners are and their contact information What it is they are going to be working on, the background of the project and why the MOU is being entered into The scope of the document and who will use what the MOU provides Specified activities, if already determined Implementation of activities Funding issues Each party's roles and responsibilities A time line, if desired Duration of agreement A signature and date of signature by all of the parties agreeing to the MOUMOUs can be useful documents to get the ball rolling on major projects and can be used in any type of organization.


how does a hydrate differ from an anhydrate

. For example, the Greek root hydra- means that it has to do with water; can be found in the words ''hydrate'' and ''anhydrate. ''Answer and Explanation: A hydrate is any substance that has been chemically combined with water. Hydrates can be heated so that the water will boil off. The completely waterless substance left at the end of the process is an anhydrate. So a hydrate contains water, and an anhydrate does not. Learn more about this topic:

"How does a hydrate differ from an anhydrate? Question: How does a hydrate differ from an anhydrate? Water In chemistry, as in many branches of science, you can tell a lot about a word by looking at its components

{""error"":true,""iframe"":true}Hydrates: Determining the Chemical Formula From Empirical Datafrom Chemistry 101: General Chemistry Chapter 9 / Lesson 8251KRelated to this Question Related Answers Related Lessons Related Courses What is cross-pollination? Which group of rock forming minerals contains the... How many atria does a human heart have? Is paramecium a fungus? Become a member and unlock all Study Answers Try it free for 5 days!Start free trial Ask a question Our experts can answer your tough homework and study questions. Ask a question Search Answers Explore our homework questions and answer library Search Browse Browse by subject Ask a Homework Question Tutors available Our tutors are standing by Ask a study question and one of our experts will send you an answer within hours. Already a member? Login here Drop photo or image here to upload or select file Get Answer Don't show this screen again By submitting, I am agreeing to the Terms of Use and Honor Code "


when was the total stations first used in surveying

Total stations are one of the most common surveying tools used today. They comprise of an electronic theodolite and an electronic distance metre/measurement (EDM) component. Robotic total stations are also available which allow for single-person operation by controlling the instrument using a remote control. History Electronic distance measurement equipment was initially developed around 1940, and was commercially available in the 1960s. The first total station (electronic theodolite and EDM) was developed in the late 1970s. General Information Total stations have the ability to record measurements and angles to data recorders or cards which can be processed using computer software upon return from the survey. For optimal accuracy, they are used with a prism which reflects light waves back to the measurement device to determine a measurement. In circumstances where accuracy is not required to be at a maximum, most total stations can be used in reflectorless mode whereby they can obtain a distance measurement to a feature without the

"Total Stations

use of a prism. Total stations are not only used for collecting surveys, but also for setting out designs. Using a prism on a plumbing pole (and usually an offsider), a surveyor can determine where pegs need to be placed using the instrument and the design which would have been saved onto a storage card/device by simply pointing at the prism. Most total stations have set-out features and can use loaded design information to determine where the prism is located with reference to the design lines, and provide information on the offset and chainage for the position of the prism (therefore telling where the pole needs to be moved to be in the correct position). Total stations offer the following tools: - Measure horizontal and vertical angles - Electronic Distance Measurement (EDM) - Store collected data electronically - Built-in programs/add-ons for different tasks - Assist in setting out designs - Assist in traversing - Assist in determining coordinate geometry - Collect data for area calculation - Conduct basic/slow laser scanning operations For the purpose of this page, to remain a basic overview of the instrument - we will not explore specific information such as pulse and phase measurements, incremental or absolute angle reading techniques, EDM characteristics, calibration methods or measurement corrections (this is what you learn at university!). Quarry Specific Lasers Lasers exist which have been specifically designed for quarry or mining use. The MDL Quarryman is a good example of such lasers. It's a very easy laser to setup, very rugged, easy to survey with, and easy to process it's data. These lasers are not as accurate as a total station and prism combination, with a 5cm/2"" accuracy, however they are generally much faster at collecting data without the use of reflectors than most total stations. They are also capable of collecting data in an auto-scanner mode after setting parameters by shooting the points of a bounding box; however are significantly slower at collecting data in an automated mode than an automated scanning laser. Total Station Photos: Quarry Laser Photos: "


what is pennsylvania's minimum wage

The Pennsylvania Minimum Wage is currently $7.25 per hour. Pennsylvania's minimum wage is the same as the current federal minimum wage of $7.25 per hour. The minimum wage will likely remain at $7.25 until the federal minimum wage is raised. Please Note: Eighteen states have raised their minimum wage as of January 1, 2018.

Pennsylvania State Minimum Wage Rate 2017, 2018The 2018 Pennsylvania Minimum Wage is $7.25 per hour . Pennsylvania Minimum Wage 2018PA Min Wage:$7.25

Make sure you know any new Pennsylvania labor laws. Pennsylvania Minimum Wage Laws What is the Pennsylvania Minimum Wage? The Pennsylvania Minimum Wage is the lowest hourly wage that an employee working in Pennsylvania can legally be paid. Both Pennsylvania and the federal government have set a legal minimum wage - Pennsylvania's is $7.25 per hour, while the federal minimum wage is $7.25 per hour. Federal law states that the applicable minimum wage is whichever minimum wage is higher. Pennsylvania Labor Laws Pennsylvania Minimum Wage Exemptions Certain occupations and employees are exempt from Pennsylvania and Federal Minimum Wage regulations, including tipped workers, students in high school and college, and certain disabled workers (with a certificate from the Pennsylvania Department of Labor). Read more about exceptions from Pennsylvania minimum wage law . How much do Pennsylvania Minimum Wage employees earn? Full time minimum wage workers in Pennsylvania earn a total of $290.00 per week and approximately $15,080.00 per year (based on a 8 hour days and a 260-day work year) before taxes. The federal poverty threshold for a household of two is $14,570 per year. Pennsylvania Overtime Wage Law All Pennsylvania employees working over 40 hours in a work week are entitled an overtime wage of at least 1.5 times their regular hourly pay rate - therefore, the overtime minimum wage in PA is $10.88 per hour. In addition, Pennsylvania law requires all employees working over 0 hours in a single day to be paid overtime. Some workers or employers are exempt from overtime law including independant contractors, seasonal workers, and some farm workers. Contact the Pennsylvania Department of Labor for details. Pennsylvania Department of Labor Information If your employer is paying you less then the Pennsylvania minimum wage, if you believe you are owed back wages for unpaid overtime, or your employer is otherwise violating Pennsylvania or Federal labor law, the Pennsylvania Department of Labor is there to help you. Call your local office of the Pennsylvania Department of Labor, and and they will advocate on your behalf to ensure your employer becomes compliant and you receive any necessary backwages or compensation. Be sure to have recent paystubs, timesheets, employment contracts, and other important documents on hand when you call. Pennsylvania Labor Law Posters The Fair Labor Standards Act (FLSA) requires all employers in Pennsylvania to display the 2018 Pennsylvania Minimum Wage poster along with additional labor law compliance posters in a conspicuous place for all employees to read, such as a hallway or breakroom. Failure to display all required labor law posters can result in a fine. Pennsylvania All-In-One Labor Law Poster This professional Pennsylvania labor law poster includes all of the posters needed to satisfy both Pennsylvania and Federal minimum wage and labor law regulations. This poster has been updated for 2018, including the recent FMLA poster update. Professionally printed and laminated. Purchase Notice to all employers: Eighteen states have new minimum wages as of January 2018. Please make sure you have the most up-to-date version of your labor law posters. Free labor law posters: Basic PDF copies of the Federal Minimum Wage posters can be downloaded from the Department of Labor with the links provided below. Please note that additional posters are also required by Federal and Pennsylvania law. A professional poster including all required postings can be purchased through the link provided above. Color Labor Law Poster (Large)Black and White Labor Law Poster ( Large)Color Labor Law Poster (Small)Black and White Labor Law Poster (Small)Minimum Wage Jobs in Pennsylvania With the current state of the economy, a large amount of the new jobs being created in Pennsylvania are entry-level, minimum wage positions. Full time, part time, and seasonal minimum wage jobs in Pennsylvania can be found through local employment listings or a local job search site. You can use the search box below to find current job listings in your area. Job Keywords Location Free Pennsylvania job listings service provided by Jobs Are.us


continual define

By contrast, continual usually marks a close and unbroken succession of things, rather than absolute continuity. Thus we speak of continual showers, implying a repetition with occasional interruptions; we speak of a person as liable to continual calls, or as subject to continual applications for aid.

continuous

"continuouscon·tin·u·ous Use continuous in a sentenceadjective The definition of continuous is going on without being interrupted. An example of continuous is a show that runs for 20 years. Your Dictionary definition and usage example. Copyright © 2018 by Love To Know Corp Link/Citecontinuousgoing on or extending without interruption or break; unbroken; connected Math. designating a function whose value at each point is closely approached by its values at neighboring points Origin of continuous Classical Latin continuus: see continue Webster's New World College Dictionary, Fifth Edition Copyright © 2014 by Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company. All rights reserved. Link/Citecontinuousadjective Uninterrupted in time, sequence, substance, or extent. See Synonyms at continual. Attached together in repeated units: a continuous form fed into a printer. Mathematicsa. Of or relating to a line or curve that extends without a break or irregularity.b. Of or relating to a function between two topological spaces such that the preimage of any open set in the range is an open set in the domain. Origin of continuous From Latin continuus ; see continue . Related Forms:con·tin′u·ous·lyadverbcon·tin′u·ous·nessnoun THE AMERICAN HERITAGE® DICTIONARY OF THE ENGLISH LANGUAGE, FIFTH EDITION by the Editors of the American Heritage Dictionaries. Copyright © 2016, 2011 by Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company. Published by Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company. All rights reserved. Link/Citecontinuous Adjective ( not comparable)Without break, cessation, or interruption; without intervening time. a continuous current of electricity Without intervening space; continued; protracted; extended. a continuous line of railroad (botany) Not deviating or varying from uniformity; not interrupted; not joined or articulated. (analysis, of a function) Such that, for every x in the domain, for each small open interval D about f ( x ), there's an interval containing x whose image is in D. (mathematics, more generally, of a function) Such that each open set in the range has an open preimage. Each continuous function from the real line to the rationals is constant, since the rationals are totally disconnected. (grammar) Expressing an ongoing action or state. Usage notes Continuous is stronger than continual. It denotes that the continuity or union of parts is absolute and uninterrupted, as in a continuous sheet of ice, or a continuous flow of water or of argument. So Daniel Webster speaks of ""a continuous and unbroken strain of the martial airs of England.""

Related termscontinuitycontinuedcontinuum Origin Either via French or directly, from Latin continuus. English Wiktionary. Available under CC-BY-SA license. Link/Cite "


who is charles duke

Duke served as Lunar Module Pilot of Apollo 16 in 1972 where he and John W. Young landed at the Descartes Highlands and conducted three EVAs, making Duke the tenth person to walk upon the surface of the Moon. He also served as backup Lunar Module Pilot for Apollo 17.

Charles Duke

"For the British Labour Party politician, see Charles Dukes, 1st Baron Dukeston. Charles M. Duke Jr. Charles Duke official NASA portrait, 21 September 1971NASA Astronaut Nationality American Status Retired Born October 3, 1935 (age 82)Charlotte, North Carolina, U. S. Other names Charles Moss Duke Jr. Other occupation Fighter pilot, test pilot Alma mater USNA, B. S. 1957 MIT, M. S. 1964Rank Brigadier General, USAFTime in space 11d 01h 51m Selection 1966 NASA Group 5Total EVAs 3Total EVA time 20 hours 25 minutes Missions Apollo 16Mission insignia Retirement January 1, 1976Awards Website www .charlieduke .net Charles Duke's voicerecorded September 2013Charles Moss "" Charlie "" Duke Jr. (born October 3, 1935), ( Brig Gen, USAF, Ret. ), is an American former astronaut, retired U. S. Air Force officer and test pilot. As Lunar Module Pilot for Apollo 16 in 1972, he became the tenth and youngest person to walk on the Moon. A former test pilot, Duke has logged 4,147 hours flying time, which includes 3,632 hours in jet aircraft; and 265 hours in space, plus 20 hours and 15 minutes of extravehicular activity. A resident of New Braunfels, Texas, he is currently Chairman of the Board of Directors of the Astronaut Scholarship Foundation. Contents [ hide ]1 Biography1.1 Early life and education1.2 Military service1.3 NASA career1.3.1 Apollo 161.4 Personal life2 Organizations3 Awards and honors4 TV and film5 See also6 References7 Bibliography8 External links Biography [ edit]Early life and education [ edit]Duke was born in Charlotte, North Carolina, on October 3, 1935. He attended Lancaster High School in Lancaster, South Carolina, and graduated as valedictorian from Admiral Farragut Academy in St. Petersburg, Florida, in 1953. He was active in the Boy Scouts of America and earned its highest rank, Eagle Scout. Duke received a Bachelor of Science degree in Naval Sciences from the United States Naval Academy in 1957, and a Master of Science degree in Aeronautics and Astronautics from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in 1964. Military service [ edit]Duke was commissioned upon graduation from the U. S. Naval Academy in 1957. Entering the U. S. Air Force, he went to Spence Air Base in Georgia for primary flight training, then to Webb Air Force Base in Texas for basic flying training, where he graduated with distinction in 1958 as a member of Pilot Training Class 59-B. Duke completed advanced training on the F-86 Sabre aircraft at Moody Air Force Base in Georgia, where he was a distinguished graduate. After completion of this training, Duke served three years as a fighter interceptor pilot with the 526th Fighter-Interceptor Squadron at Ramstein Air Base in West Germany. After graduating from the Aerospace Research Pilot School in September 1965, Duke stayed on as an instructor teaching control systems and flying in the F-101 Voodoo, F-104 Starfighter, and T-33 Shooting Star aircraft. Following his NASA retirement, Duke entered the Air Force Reserve and served as Mobilization Augmentee to the Commander, Air Force Basic Military Training Center and to the Commander, USAF Recruiting Service. He graduated from the Industrial College of the Armed Forces in 1978. He was promoted to Brigadier General in 1979, and retired in June 1986. [1]NASA career [ edit]Duke as Apollo 11 CAPCOM in 1969In April 1966, Duke was one of the 19 selected for NASA's fifth group of astronauts. In 1969, he was a member of the astronaut support crew for Apollo 10. He then served as CAPCOM for Apollo 11, the first landing on the Moon, where his distinctive Southern drawl became familiar to audiences around the world. As CAPCOM, he became the voice of a Mission Control nervous by a long landing that almost expended all of the Lunar Module Eagle' s fuel. Duke's first words to the Apollo 11 crew on the surface of the Moon were flustered, ""Roger, Twank... Tranquility, we copy you on the ground. You got a bunch of guys about to turn blue. We're breathing again. Thanks a lot!"" [2]Duke was backup Lunar Module Pilot on Apollo 13, however shortly before the mission he caught German measles from a friend's child and inadvertently exposed the prime crew to the disease. As Ken Mattingly had no natural immunity to the disease, Mattingly was then replaced as Command Module Pilot by Jack Swigert. Mattingly would be reassigned as Command Module Pilot of Duke's flight, Apollo 16.

Duke retired from NASA in December 1975. [3]Apollo 16 [ edit]Main article: Apollo 16I'm proud to be an American, I'll tell you. What a program and what a place and what an experience. Duke, saluting the U. S. flag on the surface of the Moon, April 21, 1972. [4]Duke on lunar EVA during Apollo 16, April 1972Family picture Duke left on the Moon Duke recovers a hammer he had dropped on the lunar surface Apollo 16 (April 16–27, 1972) was launched from John F. Kennedy Space Center and was the fifth manned lunar landing mission. The crew consisted of John W. Young as Commander, Ken Mattingly as Command Module Pilot, and Duke as Lunar Module Pilot. Apollo 16 was the first scientific expedition to inspect, survey, and sample materials and surface features in the Descartes region of the rugged lunar highlands. John Young commenced the then-record setting lunar surface stay of 71 hours and 14 minutes by maneuvering the lunar module Orion to a landing on the rough Cayley Plains. In three subsequent excursions onto the lunar surface, he logged 20 hours and 15 minutes in extravehicular activities involving the emplacement and activation of scientific equipment and experiments, the collection of nearly 213 lb (96 kg) of rock and soil samples, and the evaluation and use of Rover-2 over the roughest surface yet encountered on the moon. Other Apollo 16 achievements included the largest payload placed in lunar orbit (76,109 lb or 34,595 kg); first cosmic ray detector deployed on the lunar surface; first lunar observatory with the far UV camera; and longest in-flight EVA from a command module during transearth coast (1 hour and 13 minutes). The Apollo 16 mission was concluded with a Pacific Ocean splashdown and subsequent recovery by USS Ticonderoga. Personal life [ edit]Duke has been married to Dorothy Meade Claiborne of Atlanta, Georgia since June 1, 1963. They have two grown sons; Charles M. Duke III (born March 8, 1965) and Thomas C. Duke (born May 1, 1967), and nine grandchildren. He and his wife reside in New Braunfels, Texas. Recreational interests include hunting, fishing, reading, and playing golf. Duke is an Eagle Scout and recipient of the Distinguished Eagle Scout Award from the Boy Scouts of America. [5] [6]Duke became a committed Christian after his Apollo 16 flight, and is active in prison ministry. [7]Organizations [ edit]Duke in San Diego in February 2009NASA Advisory Council, at-large member 1998–2000Astronaut Scholarship Foundation, chairman of the board (2011– )Air Force Association Society of Experimental Test Pilots Reserve Officers Association USNA Alumni Association Full Gospel Businessmen's Fellowship Christian Business Men's Committee International Fellowship of Christian Businessmen Explorers Club National Space Society Young Astronaut Council, former director Awards and honors [ edit]Duke in Technikmuseum Speyer, Germany, on October 2, 2008In 1973, Duke received an Honorary Doctorate of Philosophy from the University of South Carolina. He also received an Honorary Doctorate of humanities from Francis Marion University in 1990. Other honors include: NASA Distinguished Service Medal JSC Certificate of Commendation in 1970Air Force Distinguished Service Medal with Oak leaf cluster Legion of Merit Air Force Command Pilot Astronaut Wings Society of Experimental Test Pilots ' Iven C. Kincheloe Award of 1972American Astronautical Society Flight Achievement Award for 1972American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics Haley Astronautics Award for 1973Fédération Aéronautique Internationale V. M. Komarov Diploma in 1973Named South Carolina Man of the Year in 1973Inducted into the South Carolina Hall of Fame in 1973Presented the Boy Scouts of America Distinguished Eagle Scout Award in 1975Inducted into the International Space Hall of Fame in 1983Inducted into the U. S. Astronaut Hall of Fame. [8]Texas Science Hall of Fame in 2000Kennesaw State University honorary alumnus 2007Airdrie Astronomical Association honorary member 2010TV and film [ edit]Duke is one of the astronauts featured in the book and documentary In the Shadow of the Moon. At the end of the documentary, in response to Moon landing hoax theories, he says ""We've been to the Moon nine times. Why would we fake it nine times, if we faked it? ""In the 1998 HBO miniseries From the Earth to the Moon, Duke was portrayed by J. Downing. In Magnificent Desolation: Walking on the Moon 3D he was voiced by Scott Glenn who portrayed Alan Shepard in The Right Stuff. See also [ edit]Biography portal United States Air Force portal Spaceflight portal List of Eagle Scouts References [ edit]^ ""Professional Profile"". Charlieduke.net. Archived from the original on 2012-08-21. Retrieved 2015-05-13.^ ""Footagevault, Project MOCR"". Footagevault.com. Archived from the original on 2013-06-15. Retrieved 2015-05-13.^ ""Astronaut Bio: Charles Duke 05/94"". NASA Johnson Space Center. Retrieved July 17, 2013.^ ""International Space Hall of Fame :: New Mexico Museum of Space History :: Inductee Profile"". Nmspacemuseum.org. Retrieved 2015-05-13.^ Townley, Alvin. Legacy of Honor: The Values and Influence of America's Eagle Scouts. New York: St. Martin's Press. p. 79. ISBN 0-312-36653-1. Retrieved 2006-12-29.^ ""Distinguished Eagle Scouts"" (PDF). Scouting.org. Retrieved 2010-11-04.^ ""Video: Charlie Duke - Interviews with the men on the moon"". The Daily Telegraph. July 17, 2009. Retrieved June 28, 2011.^ ""Charlie Duke | Astronaut Scholarship Foundation"". Astronautscholarship.org. Retrieved 2015-05-13. Bibliography [ edit]Moonwalker by Charlie & Dotty Duke, published by Thomas Nelson Inc, April 1990, ISBN 0-8407-9106-2External links [ edit]Wikimedia Commons has media related to Charlie Duke. Charles Duke on IMDb Appearances on C-SPAN [ show]v t e The Moon [ hide]v t e People who have walked on the Moon Neil Armstrong (CDR, Apollo 11) Buzz Aldrin (LMP, Apollo 11) Pete Conrad (CDR, Apollo 12) Alan Bean (LMP, Apollo 12) Alan Shepard (CDR, Apollo 14) Edgar Mitchell (LMP, Apollo 14) David Scott (CDR, Apollo 15) James Irwin (LMP, Apollo 15) John Young (CDR, Apollo 16) Charles Duke (LMP, Apollo 16) Eugene Cernan (CDR, Apollo 17) Harrison Schmitt (LMP, Apollo 17)Moon landing Apollo program Apollo Lunar Module Lunar Roving Vehicle [ show]v t e NASA Astronaut Group 5, ""The Original 19"", 1966Authority control World Cat Identities VIAF: 20479947 LCCN: n88160366 ISNI: 0000 0000 2636 9077 GND: 118957120PIC: 8797 "


when was outlet founded thurman

). Interestingly, on that same March 25th day, 1799, the Town of Chester also was created from Thurman. The Town of Bolton subdivided three more times in the years to follow: — Hague broke away from Bolton on February 28, 1807; Caldwell broke away on March 10, 1810; and Horicon separated on March 29, 1838.

History

History History of the Town of Bolton Condensed from the book: OLD BOLTON on Lake George, NY by William P. Gates of Bolton Lake George is 32 miles long and has no navigable inlets or outlets. It is spring and brook fed and contains nearly 200 islands; 17 are privately owned — the remainder belong to New York State and are used for recreational camping and picnicking. More than half of Lake George’s total shoreline and islands fall within the boundaries of the Town of Bolton. Of the 162 larger islands, 125 are on the Bolton assessment roll. Bolton’s landscape is beautifully marked by rolling hills and steep mountains, a part of the Kayaderosseras range, most notably:– Cat Mountain, 1954 feet above sea level; Tongue Mountain, 1748 feet above sea level; Pole Hill, 1584 feet above sea level; and High Nopit. Bolton’s total land acreage is 64.5 square miles (41252.9606 acres). Other bodies of water within the Bolton township include: Trout Lake (once referred to as Reese’s Pond and Bolton Pond); Edgecomb Pond; Wing Pond; Pole Hill Pond; and Indian Pond. Bolton’s brooks include: Edmonds (also spelled Edmunds), Huddle (originally referred to as Trout Lake Brook), Finkle, Indian, and Northwest Bay Brook (first called Beaver Brook). Of Lake George’s total 44 square miles, 26.7 square miles ( 17099.2704 acres) of the lake are within the Town of Bolton. Bolton’s total square miles, including land and lake, equals 91.2 square miles. Bolton and Lake George are included in the six million acre Adirondack Park, the largest state park in the United States. NATIVE AMERICANSThe first humans to inhabit the Bolton territory were the Prehistoric Stone Age “Woodland” Indians who traveled through the Lake George valley from 5,000 to 10,000 B. C. Native Americans were still present here summers at the turn of the 20th Century, selling their handmade wares to seasonal visitors. One of their ancient legends, passed down through centuries, tells the story of the Sacrificial Stone on Mohican Point in Bolton Bay. In 1913, author W. H. Samson described the ancient legend of Mohican Point’s Sacrificial Stone . In short, the Legend is about a beautiful Indian girl who was captured by the Mohicans and brought to these shores from afar. A young warrior chief fell instantly in love with her, but he had to leave to fight in a distant battle. While he was gone, the cruel old men and women left behind had burned her at the stake. While doing so, a ghost-like warrior-spirit was said to have leaped from the flames, carrying the body of the young maiden. The spirit ran to the top of a large stone, then leaped skyward, vanishing over the distant hills. Strangely, the young brave who had gone to battle never returned to his tribe, however every year, a warrior was found slain on the stone. An inscription scratched on the stone could be faintly read: “For every hair on the maiden’s head, a Mohican brave would die”. The Sacrificial Stone is still there on Mohican Point. FIRST EUROPEAN VISITORSFollowing old and worn Indian paths that threaded throughout the territory, the first European to view the Bolton, Lake George region was the French Jesuit missionary Father Isaac Jogues . He and his two lay assistants Groupil and Couture christened our beautiful lake “ Lac du Saint Sacrement ” (Lake of the Blessed Sacrement) on May 30, 1646, the Eve of the Festival of Corpus Christi. It was their mission to convert the Native Americans to Christianity. These Native Americans did not appreciate this intrusion on their hunting grounds. Cutting off his finger at first as a warning, they later took his life. FRENCH & INDIAN WARDuring the 1700s, French and the English explorers began claiming territory throughout northeastern America, with disputes continuing to escalate over mutually claimed lands. The French and Indian War of 1754–1763 found its way into our Bolton history in 1755 as the Hurons fought alongside the French, while the Mohawks fought alongside the British. Throughout that year, British General Sir William Johnson constructed Fort William Henry on Lac du Saint Sacrement’s southern shore, to defend against the French advance from the north from French-built Fort Carillon (Ticonderoga). Johnson then christened our lake, “ Lake George ” to honor his English king, King George II . Many battles were waged here on our lake over control of this strategic waterway. On July 5, 1758, General Abercrombie passed down the lake and through Bolton with a huge armada of 1000 bateaux on his unsuccessful attack on Fort Ticonderoga. During his retreat, he and his men camped at Bolton and enjoyed fresh water from a shore-side spring, later to be named Abercrombie’s Spring . This spring, now buried and closed off on the former Lamb’s Boathouse property, was enjoyed by locals and summer visitors as recently as the 1960s. On August 2nd of 1777, the French General Marquis de Montcalm left Fort Carillon (Ticonderoga) with a force of 12,500 men, cannon and supplies. Paddling secretly along the west shore of the lake, this large force encamped on the Tongue Mountain Range Peninsula in Bolton’s Narrows, changing the name of this location forever after to Montcalm Point. Meanwhile, Montcalm’s scouts had secretly investigated Fort William Henry. History tells us that during those silent evening hours, his scouting party returned to the hills of Bolton and built three signal fires in the shape of a triangle above Ganouskie Bay (Northwest Bay) along the ridge known today as Federal Hill. These signals informed Montcalm that Fort William Henry was unaware of his presence. Thus, Montcalm and his forces were able to surprise attack the fort and burn it, a story made famous by James Fenimore Cooper in his 1826 historical novel, “ Last of the Mohicans ”. Until Montreal fell in1760, Bolton territory played many additional roles during this war, due to its strategic central location on Lake George. REVOLUTIONARY WARFor the next fifteen years, the Lake George valley enjoyed a peaceful serenity, but soon, war would be raged once again throughout the region. In May of 1775, Ethan Allen and 83 of his Green Mountain Boys slipped into Fort Ticonderoga and captured it from the British without a shot being fired. For the next eight years, our Lake would once again become a strategic waterway as the Revolution gradually escalated. During the cold, snowy winter of 1775-1776, Lt. Col. Henry Knox and his men used teams of oxen to carry fifty-nine pieces of artillery from Fort Ticonderoga up the lake, through Bolton, on his historic trip to assist George Washington at Boston in its defense against the British. (In Bolton’s Rogers Park, there is a stone and bronze historical monument near the steamboat dock, which was erected to commemorate this feat. )In 1777, British General Burgoyne traveled southward from Lake Champlain toward his defeat at Saratoga by General Horatio Gates . Most of his supplies and many of his entourage traveled through Lake George. Ben Franklin and Philip Schuyler passed through Bolton’s waters on their northward journey to inspect the military situation in Canada during April of 1776. In 1883, General George Washington visited the head of the lake on his northward inspection tour following the Revolution, followed eight years later by Thomas Jefferson who explored our strategic waterway in 1791. In a letter to his daughter, the well-traveled Jefferson described Lake George as, “The most beautiful water I ever saw.”BOLTON’S FIRST SETTLERSFollowing the war years, land grants were issued to the retired soldiers as a reward for military service. The old Colonial military patents issued by King George III from 1769 to 1771 (Abeel, Campbell, Ogilvie, Brush, Garland, Mc Donald and Porter Patents) were located along the Schroon River, with the 1769 Thomas Ford or Ford and Robinson Patent running up the valley of Northwest Bay Brook, which was then known as Beaver Creek. Later patents were granted by the State of New York along the lake, from Indian Brook to Basin Bay, and along Federal Hill, Edgecomb Pond and Trout Lake. The all-important Wheeler Douglass Patent consisted of lands in today’s Bolton Landing and Huddle lands westward up the hill to Trout Lake. With the sounds of war in the not-so-distant past, New Englanders with the pioneer spirit, slowly began to migrate into the Lake George Valley to explore and settle, arriving from Windham County, Vermont; Hampshire and Worcester Counties, Massachusetts; Connecticut; and from Washington County southward along the Hudson Valley. Braving the dangers of hostile Indians, bears, panthers, wolves and rattlesnakes, they arrived on foot or driving ox teams, bringing all of their worldly goods and skills along with them. This Lake George wilderness region was not easily accessed, with only the old Military Road to follow to the lake. Northward, there existed only a few narrow paths to follow into the Bolton hills, made by earlier Native Americans, hunters and trappers. These original settlers to Lake George chose the greater Bolton region to settle first, because most of the lake’s basin is enclosed by mountains of rock that drop to the waters edge in steep cascades and was unsuitable for farming. Therefore, it was on Bolton’s rolling hillsides that farming was destined to begin. These pioneers did not choose to live along the lake at Bolton for another important reason: – The lake was still used for travel by many hostile Native Americans, so it was wiser to dwell a safe distance from the lake. In 1788, the New York legislature divided the State into 120 towns, including the Town of Queensbury. Without recorded arrival dates, the first families began trickling into the Bolton wilderness between 1786 and 1790. The first United States CENSUS of 1790 names Everton Beswick, John Gates, Nathaniel Gates, David Lamb and Joshua Thomas as Bolton’s first five original pioneer families. Each of these original settlers moved into the same general area, south of Trout Lake and westward toward the Schroon River . Others followed almost immediately, settling on Coolidge Hill, near Trout Lake, on Federal Hill and in the North Bolton valley. (The original settlers at Federal Hill and North Bolton are referred to as the “ Indian Brook Settlement ”.) In 1790, Warren County (which was included in Washington County until 1813) had a total population of 1080. Other early Bolton settlers arrived soon after 1790:–Joseph Tuttle, John Thurman, James Ware, Ebenezer Goodman, Roger Edgecomb, Daniel Nims, Frederick Miller, Thomas Mc Kee, Rufus Randall, Benjamin Pierce, David and Reuben Smith,–the Pauls, Clawsons, Lymans, Coolidges, Browns, Nashs, Bugbees, Pierces, Waters, Dickinsons and Ruggs, to name a few. The first recorded birth in Bolton was that of Lydia Ware in 1795, and the first recorded death was Mrs. John Pierce. The first recorded male birth in Bolton was Burrel Lyman in 1792. These families were accustomed to the hard life and immediately began constructing their rough homes out of logs, clearing the fields by hand and with oxen. Stumps were removed quickly to ready the farms for the production of necessary foods for both man and beast. Good harvests of wheat, rye, and other grains were important to their survival, and early account books tell of churns, cheese hoops, pickle tubs, powdering tubs for salting pork, and barrels for maple syrup, beer, and cider. Also mentioned are spinning wheels, carding frames, dye tubs, and hand looms for making woolen blankets and clothing from sheep raised on their farms. Pine chests and other furniture were fashioned from Bolton’s earliest trees, several still surviving today, passed down from generation to generation. Bolton’s hillsides were thickly forested with oak, pine, maple, and spruce. All trees removed from the fields and the surrounding territory were valued and utilized in some way, and the abundant surplus would help to fill a growing demand for lumber downstate below Albany. EARLY INDUSTRYBolton’s first industries were established to meet their needs for survival. Sawmills and grain mills were constructed in many locations along Bolton’s five main brooks (known today as Northwest Bay, Indian, Finkle, Huddle and Edmunds Brooks), where power could be easily harnessed. Johnsburg businessman John Thurman Jr. purchased lots 13 and 14 of the Wheeler Douglass Patent near Trout Lake from Jeremiah Van Rensselaer on February 18, 1796. Thurman, a successful dry goods merchant born in New York City in 1732, built Bolton’s first sawmill at the outlet of the lake near the junction of Potter Hill and Trout Lake Roads. Thurman hired Captain Timothy Stow, who had operated another mill for him previously, to oversee his Trout Lake mill and other interests here. In time, Stow was elected Supervisor of Warrensburgh due to his connection with the powerful John Thurman. Thurman hated politics and influenced his associates to run for offices and do his bidding for him. (The stone foundation for Stow’s Mill, that was actually owned by Thurman and run by Stow, is still visible near the headwaters of Huddle Brook. )John Thurman Jr. was a significant personality in Bolton’s early settlement, and in the settlement of the region. He dabbled in land and business here, more as a hobby than intending on earning a living. In 1777 and 1778, John Thurman bought a large portion of the Totten and Crossfield Purchase. His first clearing on his holdings was in 1790 at Elm Hill, the settlement near Athol named for the ancient shapely elm, which once stood there. In 1792, the original Town of Thurman, named for John, consisted of most of today’s towns of Bolton, Chester, Johnsburg, Stony Creek, Thurman, Warrensburgh, and part of Caldwell (Lake George Village). Although very busy with his holdings further to the west of Bolton, he soon began focusing his massive energies on his two lots near Trout Lake . He built a farmhouse at the corner of Potter Hill and Trout Lake Roads, which is known today as the Brauser property (formerly the Eldee Pratt farm). At this farm he raised livestock, grew rye and other needed foods, and oversaw his gristmill and lumber mill, both which were nearby on the brook. John Thurman, a man of great strength, boasted, as most men did at the time, that he hoped to die someday with his boots on and with a full stomach. One day at his Bolton farm, a large bull, which he had recently purchased from John Richards, broke loose while John was enjoying his noontime meal. Naturally, he left the table and set out to secure the bull. At his Trout Lake farm on that day of September 27, 1809, John Thurman was gored to death by his own bull. His dying wish had been granted. He was buried in Johnsburg. Interestingly, his will was proven to be a forgery, leaving his vast holdings in confusion for a long period of time. THE TOWN of BOLTON FORMS, March 25th, 1799By 1799, the very large original Town of Thurman was becoming difficult to manage. The population was growing rapidly, and the people wanted to govern their own respective settled territories. On March 25, 1799, the lands we now call Bolton broke away from Thurman and became its own separate town. Interestingly, it was never recorded in our first town meetings as to why Bolton was named Bolton, however it has always been believed that these first citizens chose a name “from whence they came”, which was a common practice in the naming of many early New England towns and landmarks. There are towns and references to the name Bolton throughout New England, with their derivation stemming from the Bolton region in northern England . Bolton, England consists of 54 square miles and is the main of eight neighboring English townships. Its history begins in the year 1251 when it was formed by decree of King Henry III. Many of these inhabitants migrated to New England during the French and Indian and Revolutionary Wars, bringing their ancestral “Bolton” name along with them. **Chapter 43 of the Laws of New York describes the FORMATION OF BOLTON as follows: — (With spellings, capitals and punctuation as they were poorly written in the original document. )“Be it enacted by the People of the State of New York represented in Senate and Assembly That from and after the twenty fifth day of March instant, all that part of the town of Thurman, beginning at the mouth of Mc Auluys creek, thence up said creek until it shall have crossed the road that leads from Lake George to Schroon river five rods from the center of the said road, thence westerly following the course of the said road at the distance of five rods from the center two miles from the place of beginning, then crossing the road at right angles ten rods from the last mentioned corner, thence following the course of the said road at the distance of five rods from the center to Schroon river, thence northerly on the east bank of Schroon river and lake to the south line of Clinton county, thence east on the south line of Clinton county to lake George, thence southerly on the west bank of lake George to the place of beginning, be and the same is hereby erected into a separate town by the name of Bolton; and that the first town meeting be held at the house of John Clawson.”At the time, the new Town of Bolton included Hague (then called Rochester), Horicon, and North Caldwell (today’s Town of Lake George

From 1838 to today, Bolton’s borders have remained the same. Warren County was established in 1813, named for General Joseph Warren, a New England physician, statesman and Patriot. Warren was killed on June 17, 1775 at the Battle of Bunker Hill. FIRST TOWN MEETING, April 2nd, 1799By 1799, there were approximately 900 people living, farming and lumbering throughout the Bolton Hills. As was decreed by the New York Assembly for Bolton’s planned separation from Thurman on March 25th, 1799, the first town meeting on April 2nd, 1799 was scheduled to be held at “the house of John Clawson ”. However, far more people attended than was expected, arriving on foot and on horseback over blazes and rough trails, so “for want of accommodations (the meeting) was adjourned to Captain (Timothy) Stow’s gristmill ” on upper Huddle Brook (first named Reese’s Pond Brook for Edward Reese, Timothy Stow’s predecessor—then, later called, Trout Lake Brook, followed by Huddle Brook ). Bolton’s first government seems to be modeled after that of New England where many of the settlers had originated. At the conclusion of the first meeting, it was decided that the next annual meeting would again be held at Capt. Stow’s Grist Mill (owned by John Thurman). Meetings would continue to be held annually on the first Thursday in April, with many of the annual meetings in the years ahead devoted to control of domestic and wild animals, care of the poor, improving roads, and later, to schools. The 1800 meeting was held in John Thurman’s barn, known 200 years later as Brauser’s barn (torn down on Feb. 25, 2000 to make way for a new home on the north corner where Trout Lake Road meets Potter Hill Road). There were also occasional special town meetings to resolve issues regarding the care of the poor. Frequently, the names of the poor were listed in the records and listed to be “sold at vendue”;–This apparently was a type of auction where town residents would bid. The lowest bidder would then allow the poor family to live in their home. In 1811, one couple was sold for $20 for a year. In 1809, the Town Clerk inscribed that a Bolton resident’s “Negro woman” had delivered a male infant and wanted to abandon it in accordance to the New York State Law enacted on April 8, 1801. (There is no mention as to whether this woman was a slave or a free person, however, she was most likely a slave. )Future meetings were held in barns, in homes, and later at inns or in stores. (There is no evidence of any town building or equipment until 1842 when eight dollars was authorized to buy a bookcase for the town books. Any excess from this authorization was to be used to secure a desk for the inspector of the common schools. )THE 1800’s Once the trees were cleared from Bolton’s hillsides, these early farm families began settling into their familiar routines of daily chores. Soon, word began to spread that Lake George was a destination worth visiting. In the beginning, the first “ summer visitors ” in Bolton were hunters, fishermen and explorers. Many of them camped in the wilderness, however, settlers would always “put up a guest” in their modest log homes. One of the earliest wood frame homes was located on Mohican Point . In 1802, there were only four or five framed houses in the Town of Bolton. Bolton’s population began to grow steadily throughout the 1800’s, and hotels and lodges were gradually built to accommodate the growing throng of summer visitors. Steamboat travel began in 1817 and made Bolton more easily accessible. Although there were several small pockets of settlement spread throughout the Bolton hills, the area near the mouth of Huddle Brook became Bolton’s first hamlet with the establishment of a the first Post Office in 1816. This hamlet became known as The Huddle because the Post Office, general store, tannery, blacksmith shop, gristmill and residences were all “huddled” here close together. By the late 1800’s, the hamlet of Bolton Landing became established because the deeper water here could more easily accommodate the newer and larger steamboats. MILLIONAIRES’ ROWThe 1890’s marked major changes around Bolton, and for all of the communities around Lake George. Many of the wealthy flocked to the lake, spending the long hot summers at the grand hotels now available to them, and they arrived much more easily, thanks to the railroad and steamboat services offered. Falling in love with Lake George, many of these wealthy families purchased large tracts of shoreline property to create their own private summer retreats. So many were constructed between Caldwell and Bolton Landing during the decades surrounding 1900 that this ten-mile stretch of 9N became known as “Millionaire’s Row”. Many of these old mansions still survive today. ARTISTS & the ARTSMany artists have enjoyed all that Bolton has to offer over the past 200 years. In 2005, the Hyde Museum in Glens Falls compiled a list of over 700 important Lake George paintings between 1774 and 1900. Artist Thomas Cole is believed to be the first to place Lake George in the National spotlight in 1826 when his illustrations of the lake were viewed in The Last of the Mohicans by James Fenimore Cooper. Two world famous Metropolitan Opera stars summered in Bolton, Louise Homer (1914-1947 in Bolton) at Homeland and Marcella Sembrich, (1921-1935 in Bolton Landing), at Bay View. Homer sang at many Bolton events, singing in the park at Sunday evening gatherings, in churches and patriotic events. Steel sculptor David Smith lived in Bolton (1928-1965) on an old Fox Farm on Edgecomb Pond Road that he purchased from Abner “Tine” Smith. Arriving here with his first wife, artist Dorothy Dehner, in 1928 as guests of Thomas and Weber Furlong . (The Furlongs, artists, first came to Bolton to paint the Tea Room at the Bremestead Private School for Girls in 1919. They bought the old Persons Farm and lived here 40 years.) In 1940, Smith and his wife moved to Bolton permanently, calling his welding studio the Terminal Iron Works . Smith divorced and remarried Jean Freas who gave him two daughters, Rebecca and Candida. They divorced in 1961. In the 1960s, Smith was becoming internationally known as America’s first prominent steel sculptor. Tragically, David Smith was killed in an auto accident near Bennington, Vt. on May 26, 1965 at the age of 59. His funeral service was held in Rogers Park Today, his massive steel sculptures are on display in the major museums and collections around the world. (For more information on David Smith, visit the Bolton Historical Museum. )Hugh Allen Wilson is an internationally known organist, harpsichordist and conductor. In addition, he is Professor Emeritus of Music at Union College. Other talented people include:- Leopold Auer (Violinist), George Porter Smith (Conductor), Anna Allen Wilson (Pianist), Reed Miller (Tenor), Olive Klein (Singer. She was also known as Miss Polmolive. ), and Milton Prinz (Cellist in the NBC Symphony under Toscanini). BOLTON TODAYChange is inevitable, and Bolton is changing, however it is important to view its changes in perspective. In 1799, Bolton was a wilderness waiting to be explored and harnessed. The original settlers here, my own family among them, did not have a plan to follow other than the only plan they knew for survival:- Find a location where moving water can be harnessed for power, Clear the forests for lumber and homes, Utilize the cleared fields to grow crops, Hunt game in the wilderness, Fish in the lakes—and Survive. As civilization began to present itself, order had to be established and rules had to be agreed upon and followed. During the mid 1800’s, Bolton was stripped of most of its trees to satisfy the growing logging industry, and logs were floated up the lake to other markets south of Bolton and Lake George. At that time, the lakes and mountains were not an attractive sight by today’s standards. As the tourist business began to grow, the Town of Bolton began cleaning up its act to present a more attractive image to attract more new visitors. The late 1800’s brought another change along the western Bolton shore with the wealthy purchasing large tracts of land and building their summer mansions in the style they were accustomed to. At the same time, the State of New York began realizing the importance of this region and began regulating growth and use of both private and New York State property. The motel and cottage era followed after World War II with most of the large estates carved into smaller parcels. And today, it appears that many of the motels and cottages are disappearing in turn, to be replaced by large year-round homes situated onto those same small plots of shoreline. With the shoreline properties almost completely occupied and developed, the latest trend is to build in Bolton’s hills for the views wherever possible, and behind the hills in the forests, as well. Real estate values have skyrocketed upward since the turn-of-the-century as everyone, it seems, is determined to gain a piece of the wilderness and a home in Bolton. The Town of Bolton is one of the most magnificent places in the world with its lakes and mountains offering us a beauty that is beyond compare. I have faith that those who follow us will continue to appreciate Bolton’s natural offerings and carry us onward to a future even better than the one we all enjoy today. By William Preston “Bill” Gates, also author and publisher of: OLD BOLTON on Lake George, NY MILLIONAIRES’ ROW on Lake George, NY TURN-of-the CENTURY SCRAPBOOK of Jonathan Streeter Gates LAKE GEORGE BOATS and STEAMBOATS History of the SAGAMORE HOTEL History of the FORT WILLIAM HENRY HOTEL LAKE GEORGE-ALL ABOUT IT-1903 GLENS FALLS and SANDY HILL-1895Coming Soon: LAKE GEORGE HOTELS & LANDINGS And—A book yet to be titled about growing up in Bolton in the 1950’s. To order books, contact Bill Gates at: Office: 1 Glenwood Avenue, Queensbury, NY 12804. Or: Box 405, Bolton Landing, NY 12814. Or call: (518)-798-3609


what is a variable account in a annuity

een What is a 'Variable Annuity'A variable annuity is a type of annuity contract that allows for the accumulation of capital on a tax-deferred basis. As opposed to a fixed annuity that offers a guaranteed interest rate and a minimum payment at annuitization, variable annuities offer investors the opportunity to generate higher rates of returns by investing in equity and bond subaccounts.

What is a 'Variable Annuity'

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If a variable annuity is annuitized for income, the income payments can vary based on the performance of the subaccounts. Next Up Immediate Variable Annuity Valuation Period Deferred Payment Annuity Hybrid Annuity BREAKING DOWN 'Variable Annuity'Variable annuities were introduced in the 1950s as an alternative to fixed annuities, which offer a guaranteed rate of interest. Variable annuities allow investors to invest in a dozen or more professionally managed subaccounts consisting of various asset classes, including stocks, bonds and money market funds. This gives investors the opportunity to earn higher rates of return, which can increase the amount of capital they can accumulate and provide a variable income stream to potentially outpace inflation. However, investors assume the risk of their subaccounts not outperforming the guaranteed return of a fixed annuity, which can result in less capital accumulation and a smaller income stream. Variable Annuity Pros and Cons One advantage variable annuities have over mutual funds is the guaranteed death benefit feature. Regardless of how the subaccounts perform, a variable annuity death benefit ensures the annuity owner’s beneficiaries receive no less than the initial investment. Variable annuity investors pay for the cost of that protection through a mortality charge. For an added charge, some variable annuities offer a minimum rate guarantee that pays a minimum rate of return even if the subaccounts experience a loss for the year. A similar rider is offered for income payments at the time of annuitization that guarantees a minimum payout rate regardless of the performance of the subaccounts. Variable annuities should be considered as a long-term investment due to the limitations on withdrawals. One withdrawal is allowed each year. However, if a withdrawal is taken during the surrender period of the contract, a surrender charge is applied. Surrender periods can last as long as 15 years, after which no penalty is applied on withdrawals. Because variable annuities are tax-qualified investments in which taxes are deferred, withdrawals are taxed as ordinary income. Withdrawals made prior to the age of 59 ½ may be subject to a tax penalty of 10%. Before investing in a variable annuity, investors should carefully read the prospectus for a full understanding of the expenses and risks. Between the investment management fee, mortality fees, administrative fees and charges for any riders, the expenses for a variable annuity can quickly add up, which can adversely affect returns over the long term.


cardiovascular meaning

): Dictionary entry overview: What does cardiovascular mean?• CARDIOVASCULAR (adjective) The adjective CARDIOVASCULAR has 1 sense:1. of or pertaining to or involving the heart and blood vessels Familiarity information: CARDIOVASCULAR used as an adjective is very rare.

CARDIOVASCULAR

"Audio English.org » Dictionary » C » Cardiomegaly ... Cargo Door CARDIOVASCULARPronunciation (US

Dictionary entry details• CARDIOVASCULAR (adjective)Sense 1 cardiovascular [BACK TO TOP]Meaning: Of or pertaining to or involving the heart and blood vessels Classified under: Relational adjectives (pertainyms)Context example:cardiovascular conditioning Pertainym:blood vessel (a vessel in which blood circulates)Learn English with... Proverbs of the week""Don't look a gift horse in the mouth."" (English proverb) ""A tilted load won’t reach its destination."" (Afghanistan proverb) ""If you can't reward then you should thank."" (Arabic proverb) ""He who puts off something will lose it."" (Corsican proverb)Related FAQs:» CARDIOVASCULARCARDIOVASCULARCARDIOVASCULAR DISEASECARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEMCARDITISCARDIUMCARDIUM EDULECARDIZEMCARDOONCARDROOMCARDSEnglish learning courses About Practical English About Telephone English About Accounting English Learn English Free English Language Dictionary British and American English pronunciation Other popular searches:» what does somnolence mean » crenate » what does flair mean » preinvasive cancer » what does elliptical mean Page delivered in 0.0409 seconds "


what is ruby used for

Ruby is used in typical scripting language applications such as text processing and ""glue"" or middleware programs. It's suitable for small, ad-hoc scripting tasks that, in the past, may have been solved with Perl.

What is Ruby?

"Science, Tech, Math ›Computer Science What is Ruby? Share Flipboard Email Print Tom Schaub/Wikimedia Commonsby Michael Morin Updated June 20, 2017Ruby is unique among object-orientedscripting languages. In a sense, it's a purist's language for those who love object-oriented languages. Everything, without exception, is automatically an object, whereas in other programming languages this isn't true. What is an object? Well, in a sense you can think of it in terms of building a car. If you have a blueprint for it, then an object is what's built from that blueprint. It contains all the attributes that the object holds (i.e. make, model, color) and the actions it can perform. But, even as a pure object-oriented language, Ruby doesn't sacrifice any usability or flexibility by leaving out features that aren't expressly related to object-oriented programming. Ruby's architect Yukihiro Matsumoto (known simply as ""Matz"" on the web) designed the language to be simple enough for beginning programmers to use while also powerful enough for experienced programmers to have all the tools they'd need. It sounds contradictory, but this dichotomy is owed to Ruby's pure object-oriented design and Matz's careful selection of features from other languages such as Perl, Smalltalk and Lisp. There are libraries for building all types of applications with Ruby: XML parsers, GUI bindings, networking protocols, game libraries and more. Ruby programmers also have access to the powerful Ruby Gems program. Comparable to Perl's CPAN, Ruby Gems makes it easy to import other programmers' libraries into your own programs. What Is Ruby Not? Like any programming language, Ruby has its downsides. It's not a high-performance programming language. In that regard, Python's virtual machine design has a huge advantage. Also, if you're not a fan of the object-oriented methodology then Ruby isn't for you. Though Ruby does have some features that fall outside the realm of object-oriented languages, it's not possible to create a non-trivial Ruby program without using the object-oriented features. Ruby doesn't always perform as well as other similar scripting languages in raw computing tasks. That being said, future versions will address these problems and alternate implementations, such as JRuby, are available as a workaround for these issues. How Is Ruby Used?

Writing small programs with Ruby is as easy as importing the modules you need and writing an almost BASIC-like ""sequence of events"" type of program. Like Perl, Ruby also has first-class regular expressions, which makes text processing scripts a snap to write. The flexible syntax also aides in small scripts. With some object-oriented languages, you can get bogged down with verbose and bulky code, but Ruby leaves you free to simply worry about your script. Ruby is also suitable for larger software systems. Its most successful application is in the Ruby on Rails web framework, software which has five major subsystems, numerous minor pieces and a plethora of support scripts, database backends and libraries. To aid the creation of larger systems, Ruby offers several layers of compartmentalization, including the class and module. Its lack of superfluous features allows programmers to write and use large software systems without any surprises. What Skills Would Be Helpful for Learning Ruby? A solid understanding of object oriented concepts. Ruby is an object oriented language and the object oriented features are used throughout. Without this critical skill, you'll be struggling as a Ruby programmer. A bit of functional programming knowledge. This is a plus as Ruby uses the block or ""closure"" extensively. Not having this ability isn't insurmountable, though. Creating blocks is a feature that can be learned easily enough while learning Ruby. A bit of navigational know-how. The primary way of running a Ruby script is from the command-line. Knowing how to navigate directories, run scripts and redirect input and output are essential skills to Ruby programmers. Applications and Tools Needed for Ruby The Ruby interpreter A text editor such as Notepad++, Scite or Vim. Word processors such as Wordpad or Microsoft Word are not suitable. Command-line access. Though the details of this differ from platform to platform, Linux, Windows and OSX all have this available without any extra downloads or software installation.cite "


what program converts raw to jpg

iew Irfan View is a free image viewer and editor, with RAW to JPEG conversion capabilities. Open a RAW file in Irfan View to convert it to JPEG, or many other major image formats. Click the save button to view the conversion option. After you click on the Save option, the save windows appears with another window.

13 Best Free Software To Convert Raw To Jpeg I have compiled this list of best free software to Convert RAW to JPEG. Shooting photographs in RAW format gives you the flexibility to modify an image widely. Most of the budding photographers cannot afford expensive software to convert RAW files into JPEG, and that’s when these free RAW to JPEG converters come into picture. Install one of these software and get the job done. You do not need to worry about how to Convert RAW to JPEG. Apart from the software description, I have also mentioned easy steps to carry out the conversion for each RAW to JPEG converter. Most of these software can batch convert RAW to JPEG format without any flaw. These software can also convert RAW to PNG, BMP, TIFF, GIF, etc. My favorite RAW to JPEG Converter Software: I like Picasa the most as an editing tool to convert RAW to JPEG. Not only it can batch convert RAW to JPEG, if carries out the conversion pretty fast. You can define the output image quality, and edit your images as well. You may also checkout the best free Bulk Crop Image Software , Image Compressor Software, and EPS Viewer Software. Picasa Picasa from Google is a famous image processing tool, which can be used to view as well as convert RAW to JPEG for free. It can read RAW formats of various camera manufacturers. For converting RAW to JPEG, simply open the RAW file, apply any effects if required, and click on Save As in the main menu. Select the output format as JPEG to convert RAW to JPEG. You can also use Export option to batch convert RAW to JPEG. This is one of the best free RAW to JPEG converter, and works really fast. Home Page Download Page Photivo Photivo lets you process RAW images for free. This image editing software has a unique user interface. To convert RAW to JPEG, click on Open Image, apply some effects if you wish to, and then scroll down the left panel to find the Output option. Click on Output option to selct output as JPEG. Define the quality and other parameters of the output file, and process to image for converting RAW to JPEG. Various effects, such as: Color Space, Generic corrections,White Balance, Local Edit, Crop, Resizing, Exposure, etc can be applied to RAW images. Home Page Download Pagedigi Kamdigi Kam is a multipurpose image editing software for Windows, MAC, Linux, and Free BSD. With the help of this freeware, you can easily convert RAW to JPEG. Convert a single file at a time, or you can batch convert RAW to JPEG. Follow the given steps to convert RAW files to JPEG: Import RAW files from a folder to the editor. Select the file you want to convert from RAW to JPEG. Click on Batch Queue Manager to view your queue of RAW files. Go to the Base Tools at the right bottom corner of the window. The conversion tool lets you convert RAW to JPEG, RAW to PNG, RAW to TIFF, RAW to JP2, etc. Double click on Convert To JPEG to define the JPEG Quality,and Chroma Subsampling. Click on the Run option to begin the conversion. The output is saved in a defined export folder. This software lets you do professional editing on pictures. Apply various manipulations on your photos, like: brightness, contrast, exposure, temperature, etc. You can also edit the met data with this RAW to JPEG converter.<Home Page Download Page Raw Therapee Raw Therapee is another good professional photo editor to convert RAW to JPEG. Starting this freeware automatically loads RAW images available on your computer. Click on a RAW file to load the editor tab. The editor gives you a wide variety of options for picture editing, and it also lets you convert your RAW image to any other Image format. Convert RAW to JPEG, PNG, TIFF, etc. The RAW to JPEG converter also lets you determine the output image quality pre-processing. Open a RAW file, apply filters, etc if you like, and hit the Save icon to view the conversion option. This editor lets you edit and save processing profiles, so that you can apply similar enhancements to other photos. Home Page Download Page Irfan V

Click on the Save As Type option to select a format. Select JPEG to view the JPEG options in the another window. This windows lets you adjust the JPEG quality, and select/deselect options like: save as progressive, disable chroma color subsampling, keep EXIF data, set file size, etc. The options in the other window change when you change the format in the save window. This is one of the simplest software to convert RAW to JPEG. Home Page Download Page Photo MEPhoto ME is a free tool to edit the Meta Data of images. This software supports RAW formats, and can be used to convert RAW to JPEG format. Open a RAW file, edit the metadata if you like, and click on Save As. Click on Save Type As, and add a . JPEG in front of the file's name for converting RAW to JPEG. This freeware RAW to JPEG converter supports almost all RAW formats. Home Page Download Page Photo Plus Convert RAW to JPEG with the help of this vast photo editor, Photo Plus. This is a free software which can be used free of cost. Open a RAW image, do any editing if required, and save it as JPEG. Go to the File tab, and click on Export to select the output format. Click on Export Optimizer for advanced export options. With the Export Optimizer you can convert RAW to JPEG while controlling its Quality, Size, etc. Home Page Download Page Photo

Pad Photo Pad is a free RAW to JPEG converter for personal use. Load RAW images to the editor to begin conversion. Click on Save As > Save As Image to save the image as JPEG, or other image formats, like: PNG, GIF, BMP, and TIFF. This RAW to JPEG converter also lets you choose the output image quality.

Perform other basic image editing on your pictures if you like. Commercial use of this software is not allowed, unless you purchase the license. Home Page Download Page NEF to JPGNEF to JPG converts NEF raw format photos to JPEG format. NEF is the exclusive RAW format of Nikon cameras. Use this software to convert NEF to JPEG for free. Add a file, or add a folder to batch convert RAW to JPEG. Choose an output folder, click on Convert to begin the conversion. Other image format images can be obtained as well, like: BMP, PNG, GIF, and TIFF. NO other advanced options are available on this free RAW to JPEG converter. Home Page Download Page Photo Scape Photo Scape gives you an option to convert camera RAW files to JPEG format. Open Photo Scape and click on R aw Converter. Select an image, or multiple images to batch convert RAW to JPEG. You get the option to reduce the size of the of the file to half, and add auto white balance. Click on Convert to convert RAW to JPEG. This free software is a very good image editor with a huge number of image editing tools. Home Page Download Page Xn Convert Xn Convert is a dedicated Image conversion utility. Use this image converter for free to convert RAW to JPEG. You can either add a single image, multiple images, or a folder of images. Select multiple RAW files to batch convert RAW to JPEG format. Under the Output tab, you can select an output folder, output format, metadata, etc. Hit Convert to convert RAW files to JPEG. Home Page Download Page Digital Image Tool Digital Image Tool is a batch image processor, which can be used for converting RAW to JPEG for free. Click on the + icon to add bulk images, or a single image to the converter. Select the parameters, like: Scale, Resize width, Quality, and format as JPEG. You may also choose other formats, like: BMP, PNG, and TIFF. Click on Process to begin the conversion . This is one of the most perfect software to batch convert RAW to JPEG. You can also add watermark, tag, or Rename images in bulk with the help of this freeware. Home Page Download Page Paint.net (Plugin)Paint.net cannot open RAW file natively; however, you can use a Plugin to view and process RAW images. All you have to do is download the plugin> extract it> place it in the installation folder (Program Files/Paint.net/File Types). Restart Paint.net to convert RAW to JPEG. Load a RAW file, and Save As JPEG format. The source code of the program is also avilable on the website. This is a really simple, yet useful tool for converting RAW to JPEG. Home Page Download Pageby Harshwardhan Gupta


what causes humans make to the water cycle

According to the National Aeronautics and Space Administration’s Goddard Institute for Space Studies, humans alter the planet’s water cycle by changing stream flow patterns. These changes cause the alteration of the sea level and ocean salinity, as well as altering the land’s physical properties.

How Do Humans Affect the Water Cycle?

Science Environmental Science Human Impact Q: How Do Humans Affect the Water Cycle? A: Quick Answer

Left unchecked, such disruptions could play a part in changing the planet’s climate. Continue Reading Keep Learning What Are Some Easy Ways to Help Save the Planet? What Are the Effects of Deforestation? What Impact Do Humans Have on the Carbon Cycle? Full Answer Humans are reducing the amount of runoff water that reaches the world’s oceans. By changing the flow of rivers and removing vegetation from the land, humans have removed about one percent of the total yearly stream flow, which represents about 10 percent of the freshwater used by people in a single year. These changes have already caused drastic results in some areas. For example, the Aral Sea’s water level has dropped by about 45 feet since the 1960s. Additionally, the coastline of Louisiana has experienced extreme amounts of erosion due to the human manipulation of the water cycle. Interestingly, some of these changes are offsetting the rise in global sea level that is occurring due to anthropogenic climate change. Were it not for the reduction in sea level caused by human water use, the global sea level would be rising faster than it is. Learn more about Human Impact Sources: giss.nasa.gov Related Questions Q: Why Is Nuclear Waste Bad? A: The primary harm from nuclear waste comes from radiation, which can cause health problems in humans and other living organisms and degrade the quality of s... Full Answer >Filed Under: Human Impact Q: How Do Humans Affect the Carbon Cycle? A: Humans affect the carbon cycle by exhaling carbon dioxide, burning fossil fuels, cutting down forests and poor farming practices. While breathing is necess... Full Answer >Filed Under: Human Impact Q: How Do Humans Affect the Nitrogen Cycle? A: Humans affect the nitrogen cycle through activities that increase the amount of nitrogen that is biologically available in an ecosystem. The major culprits... Full Answer >Filed Under: Human Impact Q: What Is the Human Life Cycle? A: The human life cycle begins at fertilization, then birth, and progresses through infancy, childhood, puberty, adulthood and aging, ending in death. Every s... Full Answer >Filed Under: Human Impact You May Also Like Q: Why Is Nuclear Energy Good? Q: Is Horse Liniment Safe for Humans? Q: Why Did the Mayans Sacrifice Humans? Q: How Does Littering Affect Wildlife in the United States? Q: How Do Humans Get Energy? Q: How Do You Properly Dispose of Garbage?