can wisdom teeth cause hearing issues

Is Deafness or Blindness Common? The odds of you developing blindness or deafness because of a wisdom tooth extraction are extremely rare. Though all the nerves in the human body are connected, most orthodontists believe that problems with a wisdom tooth should not cause problems with hearing or vision.

Can a Wisdom Tooth Cause Deafness or Blindness when Extracted? September 30, 2014 / 0 Comments / in Orthodontic Treatment, orthodontics / by Dr Matt Beecroft Photo credit: amanda dias / Foter / CC BY-NC-NDThe pain that you feel in your head, back, shoulders, and jaw may occur because of problems with your wisdom teeth. Also called the third molars, they sit at the end of each row of teeth and usually come in during the teenage years. As you have limited space in your mouth, those teeth can come in at an angle or become impacted, which will cause pain and inflammation. Even if you never had any problems when those teeth come in, you may suffer from problems later that requires the removal of those teeth. Many wonder about the potential side effects and if wisdom teeth extraction can cause deafness or blindness. What is Wisdom Tooth Extraction? Wisdom tooth extraction essentially refers to the process in which an orthodontist removes the tooth. You may find that the orthodontist needs to take out all four teeth at the same time, only the two on the bottom or top or just a single tooth, but most people opt for the removal of all four teeth. The orthodontist will give you a series of injections that numbs the gums and other areas surrounding the tooth, and some orthodontists will give you an injection that puts you to sleep during the procedure. Your orthodontist will then carefully extract the tooth from your mouth and use gauze to reduce bleeding. What if the Teeth Haven’t Come in Yet? Some patients find themselves suffering from swelling and pain even before the teeth come in and break through the gums. This often occurs in teenagers, but it can also affect older patients. This also occurs in those who have smaller mouths that lack enough space for those teeth. An orthodontist can remove those teeth, but the process generally takes a little longer. A small incision placed in the gum gives the orthodontist access to the tooth, and he or she can use specialized tools to extract the tooth from your mouth.

An impacted tooth or a broken tooth can put more pressure on the head and cause headaches and muscle pains, but you generally won’t notice any other side effects. A good orthodontist will talk with you about the risk factors associated with wisdom tooth extraction and what you can do to keep yourself healthy. Need More Help from an Orthodontist?“Do I need braces?” is one of the most common questions asked to orthodontists. With Wildsmile braces King George residents can find an alternative to braces. Braces slowly straighten your teeth and improve your smile, but not everyone likes the way that braces look. Wildsmile braces let you choose the colors and materials used in your braces, which can make you feel more confident about your smile. If you live in the King George area and have questions about braces, your wisdom teeth or any other related topic, schedule an appointment with Beecroft Orthodontics today. Beecroft Orthodontics 10472 Georgetown Dr, Fredericksburg, VA22553 Phone: 540 898 2200Can a Wisdom Tooth Cause Deafness or Blindness when Extracted? Related Posts What Can I Do About My Slanted Teeth? October 31, 2017 1Will Having [Teeth Removed] Ruin My Face? September 28, 2017 0Besides Straight Teeth, What are the Benefits of Braces? August 29, 2017 2What Are the Signs that Braces May Be Needed? August 8, 2017 0Best Option for Gum Recession July 31, 2017 0Share Post Twitter Facebook Google +1 Email Tags: beecroft orthodontics, Dr Matt Beecroft, Fredericksburg orthodontist, Georgetown Orthodontics, Orthodontics Georgetown, Orthodontist in Fredericksburg, orthodontist in Georgetown, Safford Orthodontics, Wisdom teeth, Wisdom tooth Share this entryhttps://beecroftortho.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/09/wisdom_tooth.jpg 683 1024 Dr Matt Beecrofthttp://beecroftorthodontics.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/12/logo-new-demo1-300x64.png Dr Matt Beecroft 2014-09-30 20:30:29 2017-06-20 14:51:27 Can a Wisdom Tooth Cause Deafness or Blindness when Extracted?


what can you do with a behavioral neuroscience degree

gy. Obtaining a Behavioral Neuroscience Degree Behavioral neuroscience degree training relies heavily on biology classes, particularly those focusing on the brain. However, they are not confined to this area. As a student of the field, you will also be expected to know much about clinical psychology and human behavior.

Behavioral Neuroscience Degree Programs

Photo by ZEISS Microscopy, Creative Commons License. Behavioral neuroscience is a subspecialty of psychology that looks at the developing behaviors of human beings from a biological perspective. It deals in neurotransmitters, nerve density, brain circuitry and other biological factors in an attempt to build an evidence-based explanation of how people behave. A behavioral neuroscience degree typically leads to a career in science, often using animal experimentation (particularly rats and mice) to reveal the brain’s function in determining behavior. What Does a Behavioral Neuroscientist Do? As a behavioral neuroscientist, you will spend less time in front of the subject and more time studying brain wave patterns in experimental conditions. As aforementioned, these professionals typically run experiments on animals, so there is some inference involved regarding what the experiments say about human pathology. Working in this field means you will have to be grounded enough to understand the brain science behind your subjects, but it also means that you will need to be creative and behaviorally-minded enough to understand human behavior and to develop experiments that will ultimately grow the collective knowledge about what is known regarding human behaviors. Featured Psychology Programs Careers in Behavioral Neuroscience One of the biggest employers of the behavioral neuroscientist is the health care industry, particularly relating to prescription drug development. Drug companies that specialize in these kinds of treatments rely on the research and developments that behavioral neuroscientists can provide. It is also not uncommon for behavioral neuroscientists to work directly inside the medical community at hospitals and rehabilitation clinics. Salaries for these types of psychology professionals are very competitive, running anywhere from the low $80,000 range to six figures, making a behavioral neuroscience degree a path to one of the more lucrative subspecialties of psycholo

For licensing, you will need a doctorate degree at the very least. Your state may also require passage of a licensing exam and supervised field training experience. Useful Behavioral Neuroscience Resources International Brain Research Organization Biological Psychology News Link American Society for Neurochemistry DIDN’T FIND THE DEGREE YOU’RE LOOKING FOR? REFINE YOUR SEARCH IN THREE EASY STEPS!Choose a State Choose a Field of Study Choose a Degree Type Online Find Schools Learn More About…Career Guides Psychology Explained Research & Technology Resource Guides Student Interviews Student Resources Top Psychology Fields Most Recent Resources How long does it take to get a psychology degree? Student Resources Surprising Career Paths in Forensic Psychology Career Guides A surprising Trend in Mental Health Facilities Career Guides, Research & Technology The 7 Most Lucrative Careers for Psychology Majors Career Guides, Student Resources


voluntary muscle definition

A muscle may act ordinarily either under the control of the will or without conscious control. Muscles that can be controlled at will are referred to as voluntary muscles. Those that are not under the control of the will (volition) are called involuntary muscles. Examples of involuntary muscles are the smooth muscles, which are muscles lacking striations when viewed under a microscope. This is why involuntary muscles are sometimes called non-striated or un-striped muscles.

Involuntary muscle

Involuntary musclenavigation search Definitionnoun, plural: involuntary muscles A muscle that contracts without conscious control Supplement

The smooth muscles are found lining the internal organs (such as esophagus, stomach, intestines, etc.) and blood vessels. These muscles contract slowly and rhythmically as opposed to skeletal muscles that contract relatively faster (under the control of the will). Another example of involuntary muscle is the cardiac muscle. The latter is the muscle of the heart. The cardiac muscle has striations when viewed under the microscope but its contractions are not under the control of the will. The part of the peripheral nervous system associated with the involuntary action of the smooth and cardiac muscles is the autonomic nervous system. The autonomic nervous system supplies stimulation to these involuntary muscles. Compare:voluntary muscle See also:muscleinvoluntarysmooth musclecardiac muscle


how big do newfypoo's get

The newfypoo is generally a large dog breed, but the adult size of the newfypoo is generally dependent upon the type poodle used in breeding. Since most newfypoos are bred with standard poodles, the offspring is almost always a large dog that weighs between 60-130 pounds and is 21-30 inches tall from ground to shoulder. The breed is considered loyal, calm, and highly intelligent.

Newfypoo Breed Details

Newfypoo Breed Details Type Lifespan Height Weight Hybrid 9-12 yrs. 21-30 in. 60-130 lbs Friendliness Overall Family Friendly Kid Friendly Pet Friendly Stranger Friendly Maintenance Easy to Groom Energy Level Exercise Needs General Health Shedding Amount Behavior Barks / Howls Easy to Train Guard Dog Playfulness Watch Dog Ownership Apartment Friendly Can Be Alone Good for Busy Owners Good for Novice Owners Intelligence* The more green the stronger the trait. Below are the characteristics and details of the Newfypoo dog breed. These details highlight the breed's average size/weight as well as the breed's best skills. Newfypoo Breed Description

Newfypoos have lower exercise requirements than most large dog breed, but their coat is considered high maintenance which makes the breed a moderate maintenance dog breed overall. Newfypoo Breed History The newfypoo is a designer dog breed that was likely bred between the 1980's and 1990's. The newfypoo breed likely became popular when other mixed breeds gained popularity. Unfortunately, as with most other designer breeds, the newfypoo doesn't have a breed history due to the newness of the breed's birth. Newfypoo Appearance The newfypoo will display physical characteristics from both parent breeds. Since most newfypoos are bred using standard poodles, owners can expect the newfypoo to be between the size of a full grown standard poodle and a full grown newfoundland. Newfypoos can have one of three different types of coats including curly, fleece, or hair. The coat type varies from newfypoo and is dependent upon which genes the puppy inherits from its parents. It is not uncommon for newfypoos from the same litter to have different coat types. Curly coats are a slow growing curly dense coat which can be difficult to comb. Curly coats require less haircuts, but still need to be bathed once per month. Newfypoos with fleece coats are non-shedding but can mat more easily so they need to be brushed more frequently. The fleece coats are very soft to the touch and grow fast requiring frequent haircuts. This type of coat is the highest maintenance coat since it needs to be brushed daily and clipped regularly. Newfypoos with hair coats will shed, but are the lowest maintenance of all the coat types. They need the be brushed infrequently and only need trimming around the eyes and chin. Newfypoo Coloring Newfypoos can have various coat colors. The coloring is dependent upon the coloring of the parent breeds, but the most common colors include black, brown, red, and mixed. Black Newfypoo Size The newfypoo is a large dog breed. They will reach full size (60-130 pounds) around 24 months of age. The adult size of the newfypoo is dependent upon the size of the parent's used in breeding. The breed will be 80% their adult weight within their first year so it is important to minimize high impact activities which can put additional strain on their joints. Activities such as heavy running and jumping should be avoided on hard surfaces such as concrete until their joints have time to fully develop. Average Adult Height21-30 in*Height is measured in inches from the front paws to the top of the shoulder while the dog is standing on all four legs. Average Adult Weight60-130 lbs*Height is measured in inches from the front paws to the top of the shoulder while the dog is standing on all four legs. Newfypoo Temperament The newfypoo is an intelligent dog breed and is considered one of the most intelligent poodle-cross breeds. Even though training a dog isn't easy, newfypoos catch on quickly and make training less challenging than with other breeds. The newfypoo responds best to positive reinforcement training as being too harsh (especially at a young age) can break the dog of its personality and spirit. The breed is friendly, playful, and non-aggressive which makes them a good choice for families that enjoy taking their dog places. It is recommended to socialize the newfypoo with strangers at a young age to prevent them from being shy as an adult. Newfypoos and Children Newfypoos are great dogs with children and other pets. You will want to monitor the newfypoo when around small children as their large size can easily knock over a child. It is also recommended to introduce newfypoos to other pets at a young age so they will be more social with animals when they reach adulthood. Newfypoos and Other Pets The breed does well with other pets, especially if socialized at a younger age. Newfypoos and Strangers The breed can be shy around strangers, but this can be avoided by socializing the newfypoo at a younger age. Newfypoo Photos Below are pictures of the Newfypoo dog breed. Newfypoo Maintenance The newfypoo is a moderate to high maintenance dog breed when it comes to grooming. If they inherit the poodle's coat, they will need to be clipped regularly and if they inherit the Newfoundland's coat they will have moderate shedding. They will need daily exercise to help burn off their energy needs, generally a 30 minute walk each day combined with a play session or two is adequate exercise for the breed. Grooming Requirements The newfypoo's grooming is dependent upon which coat type the breed inherits from the parents (see the Appearance section for more information on the different coat types). Hair getting into their eyes will need to be trimmed and the long hair under their chin (their beard) will need to be kept clean. Even though the newfypoo is a low to no odor dog, they still need to be bathed. You should bathe them no more than once per month as bathing too frequently can strip their coat of its natural protective oils. As far as a grooming schedule goes, the newfypoo will need to be brushed at least every other day, they should be bathed once a month, and have their hair cut every 3-4 months. Exercise Requirements Despite the breed's size, the newfypoo only requires ample exercise to meet their daily exercise requirements. A short half hour walk and one or two play sessions is generally all the breed needs. Living Requirements The newfypoo can cope with living in apartments and condos, however they are more ideally suited for homes with a yard. Newfypoo Health As a hybrid dog, the newfypoo will have more diverse genes which allow the breed to be healthier than most purebred dogs. However, the newfypoo can still suffer from health issues common in both Poodles and Newfoundlands. Below are the most common health issues in Newfypoos. Addison's Disease Cataracts Cherry Eye Epilepsy Hip Dysplasia Hypothyroidism Newfypoo Breed Recognition The following dog breed registries and organizations recognize the Newfypoo as a dog breed: Dog Registry of America Inc. International Designer Canine Registry Newfypoo Breeders Interested in the Newfypoo? Contact a breeder below: Breeder Name Apple Creek Doodles All breeders with 'Quality Breeder' recognition have met our Quality Breeder Requirements. * Please note - we are not endorsed or affiliated with any of the breeders listed above. However, we do our best to only list reputable and established breeders. Sourceshttp://dogtime.com/dog-breeds/poodlehttp://dogtime.com/dog-breeds/newfoundlandhttp://newfypoobreed.com/


where in the genes is the disorder located

The genetic disorder that is Neruofibromatosis Type 1 originates from the NF1 gene that is located in the long arm of chromosome 17. While the role of the NF1 gene is not fully understood, it is known, however, that it produces the protein product neurofibromin.

Neurofibromatosis Type I

Welcome to PT 635 Pathophysiology of Complex Patient Problems This is a wiki created by and for the students in the School of Physical Therapy at Bellarmine University in Louisville KY. Please do not edit unless you are involved in this project, but please come back in the near future to check out new information! !Definition/Description Neurofibromatosis Type 1 (NF1) is an autosomal dominant disorder on the long arm of chromosome 17, characterized by predominately benign tumor growth on nerve sheathes called neurofibromas and cutaneous spotting called café-au-lait macules. The role of the mutated, naturally occurring protein neurofibromin is not fully understood but does appear to play some role in regulating Ras proteins which promote cell division and growth. NF1 varies a great deal in presentation and complications, even between immediate family members. [1] [2]Prevalence Neruofibromatosis type 1 affects approximately 1 in 3,000 peolple worldwide. Neruofibromatosis occurs equally between sexes and races. [3]Characteristics/Clinical Presentation Neurofibromatosis type 1 has dermal, ocular, neoplastic, neurological, cardiovascular, and orthopedic manifestations. These various manifestations are what calls for aggressive treatment from a multidisciplinary team. Clinical Presentation of NF1Dermal Manifestations Cafe-au-lait macules (CALM): CALM is one of the most prevalent features of NF1. These macules are usually on of the first features to present in patients. These lesions are flat along the patient's skin and have a coffee-colored hyperpigmentation. The lesions are also round with well-defined borders and have an average diameter of 2-5 cm. [3] CALM is one of the cardinal diagnostic criteria for NF1. When multiple macules are present, NF1 is highly suggestive. [4]Cafe-au-lait Macules Skin Fold Freckling: Skin fold freckling are little brown macules that appear in regions where freckling is uncommon. These areas include the axilla, inguinal region, breast folds, neck, and upper eyelids. [3] Skin fold freckling is also involved in the diagnostic criteria for NF1 and usually occurs around the ages of 3 to 5 years. [4]Ocular/Orbital Manifestations Lisch Nodules: Lisch nodules are hyperpigmentations of the iris. The hamartomas are affected consisting of a spindle-shaped cells. Lisch nodules do not cause visual impairments. [3] Visualization requires slit lamp examination by experienced practitioner. Eye examination is necessary in individuals in which the diagnosis of NF1 is uncertain. [4]Lisch Nodule Optic Pathway Glioma (OPGs): OPG is a tumor of the optic nerve and is present in 15% to 20% of NF1 patients. The tumor is slow growing and clinically presents as eye proptosis, decreased visual acuity, or precious puberty. Symptoms usually present before the age of 6 with diagnosis made by 3 years of age. [4]Optic Pathway Glioma Neoplastic Manifestaions Neuofibroma: Neuorfibromas are benign neoplasms of peripheral nerve sheaths. They are composed of schwann cells, fibroblast, perineural cells, and mast cells. Neurofibromas typically evolve in late childhood. Nerofibromas can increase in both size and magnitude with time with periods of accelerated proliferation during puberty and pregnancy. [3] Neuofibromas are a hallmark sign of NF1 and present as dome-shaped, soft, fleshy, slightly hyperpigmentated cutaneous tumors. Subcutaneous neruofibromas present as firm and nodular. [4]Neurofibroma Plexiform Neurofibroma (PN): The plexiform neuorbifroma differs from cutaneous neruofibroma in that PN is usually congenital. PNs present as hyperpigmentated and/or hypertrichosis tumors and can develop into malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors. [4]Malignancies: Individuals with NF1 are at a greater risk of developing benign and malignant neoplasms. These neoplasms include melanoma, leukemia, rhabdomyosarcoma, pheochromocytoma, carcinoma, and pancreatic endocrine tumors. [3]Neurologic Manifestations Learning Disability: 75% of NF1 children have some sort of learning disability. Speech and language deficits have been noted along with delayed gross motor development. [3] Frequent assessments must be made for developmental milestone delays, learning disabilities, and school performances. [4]Cardiovascular Manifestations Individuals with NF1 are at a greater risk for stroke, hypertension, congenital heart disease, and vasculopathy. [3]Orthopaedic Manifestations Spinal Deformity: Spinal deformity is common in NF1 and is thought to be caused by osteomalacia, intraspinal neruofibromas that erode and infiltrate bone, and endocrine disturbances. Several dystropic changes in NF1 are rib penciling, vertebral scalloping, dumbbell lesions, and dural ectasia. Less common Dystropic changes are spindling of the transverse process, vertebral wedging and rotation, foraminal enlargement, widened interpediculate distance, and dysplasia of the pedicles. [3]Scoliosis: The most common orthopedic finding in NF1 patient's is scoliosis and usually manifests around 10 years of age. The pathogenesis of scoliosis is uncertain but may be related to osteopenia and subsequent dysplasic bones. [4] Individuals with NF1 will require regular scoliosis screenings and should be evaluated with MRI or CT scans for accurate assessment of the deformity. Management of the scoliosis is based primarily on the degrees of the curvature of the spine. [3]Long Bone Dysplasias: The most commonly affected long bone in individuals with NF1 is the tibia. The tibia will typically bow in an anterior-lateral direction. Overgrowth or congenital pseudoarthrosis are common dysplasias of NF1. These dysplasias produce abnormalities in fracture healing. [4] Deformities in NF1 typically involve cortical thickening with a narrowed medullary canal. [3]Associated Co-morbidities Associated psychiatirc morbidity have been reported with NF1. Autism spectrum disorder and attention-deficit-hyperactivity disorder have shown to have a high prevalence with individuals with Neruofibramatosis type 1. [5] Hypertension is also significantly associated with NF1. The leading cause of hypertensions in NF1 patients is due to the stenosis of the renal arteries which decrease blood flow to the kidneys. [6]Medications The following is a list depicting common medications prescribed addressing signs/symptoms of Neruofibromatosis Type 1: [7]Antihistamines: Diphenhydramine (Benadryl, Benylin, Diphen, Aller Max)- May control itching by blocking effects of histamine Alpha-adrenergic blocking agents: Prazosin (Minipress), Doxazosin (Cardura)- Cause vasodilation of veins and arterioles and decrease total peripheral resistance and blood pressure Antineoplastic agents: Erlotinib (Tarceva), Sorafenib (Nexavar), Carboplatin (Paraplatin)- Inhibit cell growth and proliferation Diagnostic Tests/Lab Tests/Lab Values Neruofibromatosis type 1 is diagnosed through clinical assessment including patient history and physical examination. The National Institutes of Health have developed a diagnostic criteria for NF1 based upon common clinical features. The diagnosis is made by an individual having 2 or more of the following features: Six or more cafe au laite macules > 5 mm in prepubertal individuals and > 15 mm in diameter in adults. Two or more neruorfibromas. Freckling in the axillary or inguinal regions. Optic glioma visual pathways tumors most often presenting as grade I pilocytic astrocytomas. Two or more Lisch Nodules Abnormal development of the spine (scoliosis), the sphenoid bone, or the tibia. A first degree relative with NF1Early diagnosis is challenging because of the variable characteristics of NF1. [1] Diagnosis my be delayed due to the different ages that features can emerge. [3]Etiology/Causes

Neurofibromin indirectly dictates cell growth and division, at especially high levels in the nervous system (predominately as a suppressor). In individuals with Neurofibromatosis Type 1, neurofibromin is not produced in sufficient quantities to inhibit cell growth and thus, neruofibromas form along the nerves. While predominately all neuromas of Neurofibromatosis Type 1 are benign, there is a rare occasion in which a neuroma may be malignant (8-13%, especially so in 20-35 year olds). [1] [8]Autosomal Dominance Genetic Transmission Systemic Involvement Musculoskeletal: Children with NF1 have been shown to have significantly lower motor proficiency than there peers without NF1. NF1 patients also have spinal malalignments resulting in scoliosis and a tendency to have long bone bowing in such bones as the tibia. [9] [3]Dermatological: Patient's with NF1 may develop a variety of cutaneous finding. Cafe-au-lait macules, Nerofibromas, skin freckling are all physical presentations associated with NF1. Other cutaneous findings include juvenile xanthogranuloma, glomus tumor, melanoma, nevus anemicus, and Pruritus. [4]Vision: The presentation of Lisch Nodules and Optic Gliomas may have an affect on NF1 patient's vision. Individuals with Optic Gliomas may present with eye proptosis, decreased visual acuity, nystagmus, and optic disk atrophy. [4] [3]Cardiovascular: Individuals with NF1 could have cardiovascular manifestations such as congenital heart disease, vasculopathy, and hypertension. Heart disease occurs at a higher than expected rate than the general public. Vasculopathies include stenosis, aneurysms, and arteriovenous malformations. High blood pressure is significantly associated with NF1. The most common cause of hypertension in the pediatric population is stenosis of the renal arteries. Blood pressure should be monitored annually. [6]Cognitive: Learning disabilities occur in NF1 patients. Children with NF1 have had noted delays in speech and language as well as motor development. There is a proposed relationship between unidentified bright objects on MRI and cognitive function but researchers are unsure of their clinical significance. [4] [3]Medical Management (current best evidence)Currently there is no treatment for the underlying cause of Neurofibromatosis Type 1. While several drugs have been administered and tried for both addressing etiology and symptoms, there have been few proven to have substantial benefits. Diphenhydramine (Benadryl, Benylin, Diphen, Aller Max) has been shown to give most comfort and relief for unceasing itching. Research trials continue in hopes for finding a cure, however, best medical management currently involves routine examinations by a team of health care clinicians. [1] [7] [10]Physical Therapy Management (current best evidence)Best practice of physical therapy in individuals with NF1 has not been identified in research. Recognizing and treating impairments that manifest due to the underlying pathology is within our scope and should be considered when evaluating and treating a patient with NF1. As a profession it is important to recognize the manifestations and diagnostic criteria of NF1 in order to screen appropriately regarding orthopedic, neurological, cardiovascular, integumentary, and cognitive impairments. A series of case reports have been published depicting the benefits of strength training, stretching, postural training, and palliative medicine. [11] [12]Differential Diagnosis Following is a comprehensive list of diagnosis that potential mimic NF1: [8]Other forms of neurofibromatosis • Segmental/mosaic NF1 ( http://www.nfauk.org/assets/downloads/SEGMENTAL%20NF1%20June%202011-6.pdf) • Watson syndrome ( http://rarediseases.info.nih.gov/gard/5540/watson-syndrome/resources/1) • Autosomal dominant multiple café au lait patches alone (some allelic with NF1) ( http://escholarship.org/uc/item/3d56c2q8) • Neurofibromatosis 2 ( http://www.physio-pedia.com/Neurofibromatosis_Type_II) • Schwannomatosis ( http://www.ctf.org/Learn-About-NF/Schwannomatosis.html)Other conditions with café au lait patches • Mc Cune–Albright syndrome ( http://ghr.nlm.nih.gov/condition/mccune-albright-syndrome) • DNA repair syndromes ( http://www.geneskin.org/dna-repair-disorders.aspx) • Homozygosity for one of the genes causing hereditary non‐polyposis cancer of the colon. ( http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK1211/)Conditions with pigmented macules confused with NF1 • LEOPARD syndrome ( http://ghr.nlm.nih.gov/condition/multiple-lentigines-syndrome) • Neurocutaneous melanosis ( http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1869648) • Peutz–Jeghers syndrome ( http://ghr.nlm.nih.gov/condition/peutz-jeghers-syndrome) • Piebaldism ( http://ghr.nlm.nih.gov/condition/piebaldism)Localized overgrowth syndromes • Klippel–Trenauny–Weber syndrome ( http://ghr.nlm.nih.gov/condition/klippel-trenaunay-syndrome) • Proteus syndrome ( http://ghr.nlm.nih.gov/condition/proteus-syndrome)Conditions causing tumors confused with neurofibromas • Lipomatosis ( http://www.pathologyoutlines.com/topic/softtissueadiposelipomatosis.html) • Banayan–Riley–Ruvalcuba syndrome ( http://ghr.nlm.nih.gov/condition/bannayan-riley-ruvalcaba-syndrome) • Fibromatoses ( http://rarediseases.info.nih.gov/gard/6439/fibromatosis/resources/1) • Multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2B ( http://ghr.nlm.nih.gov/condition/multiple-endocrine-neoplasia)Case Reports/ Case Studies Physical therapy as conservative management for cervical pain and headaches in an adolescent with neurofibromatosis type 1: a case study.www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20208466Effects of a plyometric training program for 3 children with neurofibromatosis type 1.www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22466394Resources Neurofibromatosis4.1K views • 1 comment Your browser does not currently recognize any of the video formats available. Click here to visit our frequently asked questions about HTML5 video.0:00 / 2:04 [13]http://www.nfnetwork.org/http://nfincne.org/http://www.nfmidwest.org/http://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/neurology_neurosurgery/specialty_areas/neurofibromatosis/nf1/Recent Related Research (from Pubmed) [Neurofibromatosis as a cause of breathlessness]. Referencessee adding references tutorial.↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3Julian N, Edwards NE, De Crane S, Hingtgen CM. Neurofibromatosis 1: Diagnosis and Management. The Journal for Nurse Practitioners. 2014;10 (1):30-35.↑ Genetics Home Reference. Neurofibromatosis type 1. Available at: http://ghr.nlm.nih.gov/condition/neurofibromatosis-type-1. Accessed March 4, 2014].↑ 3.00 3.01 3.02 3.03 3.04 3.05 3.06 3.07 3.08 3.09 3.10 3.11 3.12 3.13 3.14Feldman DS, Jordan C, Fonseca L. Orthopaedic manifestations of neurofibromatosis type 1. J Am Acad Orthop Surg. 2010;18 (6):346-57.↑ 4.00 4.01 4.02 4.03 4.04 4.05 4.06 4.07 4.08 4.09 4.10 4.11Boyd KP, Korf BR, Theos A. Neurofibromatosis type 1. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2009;61 (1):1-14.↑ Garg S, Lehtonen A, Huson SM, et al. Autism and other psychiatric comorbidity in neurofibromatosis type 1: evidence from a population-based study. Dev Med Child Neurol. 2013;55 (2):139-45.↑ 6.0 6.1Williams VC, Lucas J, Babcock MA, Gutmann DH, Korf B, Maria BL. Neurofibromatosis type 1 revisited. Pediatrics. 2009;123 (1):124-33.↑ 7.0 7.1 emedicine.com. Accessed March 4, 2014].↑ 8.0 8.1Ferner RE, Huson SM, Thomas N, et al. Guidelines for the diagnosis and management of individuals with neurofibromatosis 1. J Med Genet. 2007;44 (2):81-8.↑ Johnson BA, Macwilliams BA, Carey JC, Viskochil DH, D'astous JL, Stevenson DA. Motor proficiency in children with neurofibromatosis type 1. Pediatr Phys Ther. 2010;22 (4):344-8.↑ Rosalie E Ferner. Neurofibromatosis 1. European Journal of Human Genetics. 2006;15 (2):131.↑ Johnson BA, Salzberg CL, Stevenson DA. Effects of a plyometric training program for 3 children with neurofibromatosis type 1. Pediatr Phys Ther. 2012;24 (2):199-208.↑ Helmers KM, Irwin KE. Physical therapy as conservative management for cervical pain and headaches in an adolescent with neurofibromatosis type 1: a case study. J Neurol Phys Ther. 2009;33 (4):212-23.↑ Neurofibromatosis. Available at: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BQBKQB3zq9s


how many hours a week do pathologists work

ces Working Conditions Speech-language pathologists work in a variety of settings, including educational settings, health care facilities and private practice, among others. Most full-time speech-language pathologists work 40 hours per week; some work part time.

Speech-Language Pathologist

Speech-Language Pathologist Average Salary$60k - 71k

Years Higher Education6Job Outlook Excellent Speech-language pathology is the study and treatment of human communication and its disorders. Speech-language pathologists work with the full range of human communication to evaluate, diagnose and treat speech, language and swallowing disorders in individuals of all ages, from infants to the elderly.

Speech-language pathologists often work as part of a team, which may include teachers, physicians, audiologists, psychologists, social workers and rehabilitation counselors. Their responsibilities may include: Preparing future professionals in colleges and universities. Managing agencies, clinics or private practices. Engaging in research to enhance knowledge about human communication processes. Developing new methods and equipment to evaluate problems. Establish more effective treatments. Investigating behavioral patterns associated with communication disorders. Working with employees to improve communication with their customers. The Future of Audiology and Speech-Language Pathology Your browser does not currently recognize any of the video formats available. Click here to visit our frequently asked questions about HTML5 video.0:00 / 2:23Working Conditions | Academic Requirements | Resour

Those who work on a contract basis may spend a substantial amount of time traveling between facilities. As communication professionals, speech-language pathologists have the unique opportunity to: Work with other medical and rehabilitation professionals to care for patients. Provide services to a range of age groups, from newborns to adults. Counsel and educate patients and their families and caregivers. Use technology to evaluate and treat communication and related disorders and conduct research in communication sciences and disorders. Develop skills to serve as supervisors, mentors or administrators. Speech-language pathology requires attention to detail, specialized knowledge and skills and intense concentration. The emotional needs of clients and their families may also be demanding. Academic Requirements If you are in high school, you should decide what your major will be. Some colleges and universities offer an undergraduate degree in communication sciences and disorders (CSD), but it’s not necessary. However, if you do not major in CSD, you may need to complete some prerequisites before applying to graduate school. Speech-language pathologists must: Earn a graduate degree in speech-language pathology from a program accredited by the Council on Academic Accreditation. Complete a supervised postgraduate clinical fellowship. Get a passing score on a national examination. The American Speech-Language Hearing Association (ASHA) provides a listing of accredited schools offering a speech-language pathology program. Those individuals who have a graduate degree with major emphasis in speech-language pathology may become certified by the Council for Clinical Certification, which issues certificates of clinical competence for both audiology and speech-language pathology. In almost all states, a current license in audiology or speech-language pathology is also required to practice. Planning Your Education in CSD provides more details about academic requirements for audiologists and speech language pathologists. Learn More About a Career as a Speech-Language Pathologist Watch a video that features speech-language pathologists discussing what they do and why their career is rewarding. Get more information about a career in speech-language pathology. Resources American Speech-Language-Hearing Association The American Speech-Language-Hearing Association reviewed this profile.


what can help dogs sleep

For senior dogs with aches and pains, a buffered aspirin; dosage approximately a quarter of a 325 milligram tablet per 10 pounds, may help relax your dog enough to get a good night’s sleep. One dose in the morning and one in the evening may make your pet much happier and more comfortable.

Help your dog sleep all night

Help your dog sleep all night July 8, 2017 posted by Editor By Karen A. Soukiasian Many issues can prevent quality dog sleep over night. That may be a surprise, since most dogs sleep 12 to 14 hours per day. But some dogs have trouble sleeping all night. Puppies, overweight dogs and senior dogs all can struggle with dog sleep. Puppies are used to being comforted at night by their litter mates and mother, but now they are alone and may have trouble settling down at night to sleep. Overweight dogs can be prone to sleep apnea, a condition where they stop breathing while they sleep. That can cause the dog to wake in a panic and because it is a serious condition, you should check with your veterinarian. The most common cause of canine insomnia is pent-up energy and inadequate exercise. To help your dog sleep through the night, establish a routine and provide your dog with a comfy bed. Senior dogs may be in pain, due to health issues such as muscle aches, joint problems or arthritis. Bladder control for puppies and senior dogs sometimes makes it impossible to sleep through the night without a “pit stop.”Fleas or skin conditions that cause never-ending itching also can keep any dog awake. Even normally healthy adult dogs may occasionally experience insomnia, but that should rarely happen. The most common cause of canine insomnia is pent-up energy and inadequate exercise. Save your breath! Don’t even say it! A fenced-in backyard is not exercise!Here are a few suggestions that may help your dog sleep through the night. Experiment to find the ones that work best for you and your pup. Exercise! Exercise! Exercise!Giving your dog lots of exercise a few hours before bedtime is helpful. If you do it immediately before bedtime, they may still be “wired.”A trip to the dog park or a long walk sometimes is enough to take the edge off. Pick up the water!If your dog is a heavy drinker, leave some water… but not a full bowl. Fill their water bowl with ice cubes. That way your dog has something to do — crunch the cubes — and the ice gives them enough water to stay hydrated, without filling their bladder. Make “last call” as late as possible. The mission is to go out, tend to business and then come inside and go to bed. Do not get snookered into playing!Use the dog’s crate If your dog is a night owl, crate or confine her to encourage quality dog sleep. Not having access to the entire house and being in a confined space with a soft comfortable bed usually is enough to help your chill out for the night. Make going into the crate or confined area something your dog looks forward to. With a smile say “Bedtime!” and toss a treat or toy where you want them to go. Praise your dog when she complies. Tell her “good night” and then leave her alone. You don’t want your dog to think she’s being punished, but you do want to establish a routine. Get them on a schedule!Even if you are a night owl, get your dog on a scheduled bedtime to help your dog sleep through the night. If you are up late at night, don’t be surprised if your dog wants to join you. Remember, being with you is the highpoint of their life. Are they hungry? You know what it’s like going to bed with your belly growling. You toss, you turn, next thing you know; there you are, staring into the refrigerator at 2 a.m. with Fido at your side!An empty belly can keep your dog up, too. Watch the timing of meals. You may be feeding your pup too early or not enough. See if going to bed with a little something in his tummy helps. Leave a radio on There are dogs that just cannot cope with too much quiet. The silence boosts their anxiety. Leave a radio on low, preferably on a talk show or weather channel, rather than music. The sound of voices may comfort your dog. Lights on or off? Some puppies and dogs prefer a night-light. They find it comforting. But for others, the light can provide too much stimulation and keep them awake and busy. For those dogs, make the house dark and quiet. Too hot or too cold? Keep the room where your pet is sleeping comfortable for them. You might feel a bit like your dog has Goldilocks tendencies, but like with light, some dogs are more sensitive to temperature. Experiment to find out what temperature works best. Create a special spot Get your puppy or dog their own comfy bed. Don’t let your dog sleep with you on your bed or in your room. Close your bedroom door, if you don’t confine your dog at night. Bathe them!Fleas, fleabites and itchy skin conditions can keep your pet wake at night. Make sure they are flea free. And if your dog has an itchy skin condition, talk to your veterinarian. Massage them!A good massage will knock most dogs off their feet for hours!

If their problem is more serious, your veterinarian may prescribe something stronger to help them relax. Bottom line: Normally, when a dog is comfortable, their belly isn’t growling at them, their bowels and bladder have been emptied, they have a comfortable place to rest and they are tired, they will go to sleep. Nightie-night! Sleep tight!Follow Karen A. Soukiasian on Facebook Related Posts: Welcome3 questions to ask about sleeping with dogs Simple rules make crate training your puppy a breeze Canine comforts: Help your dog get a good…Understand dog sleep positions Share this post... Posted in dog health, Home page, Top Stories | Taggeddog health, Top Stories | 4 Responses


does invisalign straighten crooked teeth

Fortunately for those who aren’t too keen on the idea of braces, there is a solution. Invisalign has become increasingly more popular in the treatment of crooked, overcrowded and misaligned teeth. Similar in appearance to a teeth whitening tray, Invisalign is a clear mouthpiece that is worn to straighten teeth.

Does Invisalign Work and How Long Does the Treatment Take?

Let’s face it: Most of us would love to have straight teeth. A dazzling smile is something many of us covet, and those with crooked or overcrowded teeth may oftentimes feel self-conscious when having their photo taken, meeting strangers, or even conversing with coworkers or friends. That being said, many people are also turned off by the idea of braces. While braces have been proven to effectively straighten teeth, they’re definitely a commitment — typically, orthodontists will advise patients to wear braces as long as three years. That’s oftentimes not ideal for most people — not to mention, flashing a smile full of metal isn’t usually optimal, either.

It has a similar straightening effect as braces, yet is virtually invisible to the naked eye, making it an attractive alternative for those who don’t necessarily want a mouth full of metal. How Does Invisalign Work? Invisalign trays are made from a plastic material that’s been custom made to specifically fit your teeth. After taking measurements and creating 3-D models of your teeth, your doctor will work with Invisalign to create a series of aligners to be worn throughout the straightening process — as your teeth get progressively straighter, you’ll graduate from one set of aligners to the next. Each set of aligners is typically worn for about two weeks at a time for about 22 hours a day. To ensure you receive the best results, you should only remove your aligners while eating or brushing your teeth. To answer the question on how Invisalign works, Invisalign aligners work by pushing your teeth into a straighter position, moving teeth roughly a quarter of a millimeter with each aligner tray. Because everyone’s mouth is different, Invisalign treatments can vary greatly in time from one another depending on how much movement needs to occur in order to straighten your teeth. Some people may only need a few months of treatment, while others’ treatment plans can last for a few years. Your doctor will work alongside Invisalign to design a treatment plan that’s unique to your specific needs to ensure the best results. Invisalign Aligners Who Can Invisalign Help? Many often wonder if Invisalign will work for their specific needs. Will Invisalign work for crowded teeth? Will Invisalign work for gaps in your teeth? Invisalign works for treating a wide range of issues including but not limited to: Crooked teeth Gapped teeth Protruding teeth Overbite/underbite Overcrowded teeth Open bites Even if you’ve never had orthodontic treatment before, Invisalign can help you achieve a straighter smile. It’s also an ideal solution for those who may have previously had braces to restore their teeth to their original orthodontic endpoint. While Invisalign is a great solution for treating a variety of dental issues, it may not always be the best option in certain cases. If patients have severe crossbites and overcrowding issues or skeletal discrepancies, traditional orthodontics may be a quicker and more effective option. Invisalign is an ideal solution for both teens and adults, as well as those who want to achieve a straighter smile before their wedding day. Cost is always a concern for patients; however Invisalign is typically comparable in cost to traditional braces. Be sure to consult with your insurance company and doctor to get a thorough cost estimate. What to Expect at Your First Appointment Your dentist or orthodontist will arrange an initial consultation with you to determine if you’re a good candidate for Invisalign. The doctor will discuss your dental and health history and may take photos or radiographs to get a better idea of what your specific treatment will entail. Once you’re approved, your doctor will create a treatment plan that’s customized to meet your specific needs. He or she will take an impression of your mouth and send it to Invisalign headquarters, where a treatment plan will be devised. Your dentist or orthodontist will review the proposed treatment plan and make any adjustments as necessary. Once the treatment plan is up to your doctor’s satisfaction, Invisalign will create your aligner trays using 3-D modeling and CAD/CAM fabrication. The trays are then sent to your dentist’s or orthodontist’s office where you’ll return to begin treatment. Your doctor will review with you how to properly wear and care for your aligners to achieve the greatest results. What to Expect During Invisalign Treatment Many people ask the question how long does Invisalign take? As stated earlier, it varies a lot based on the current condition of your teeth. Your teeth will gradually become straighter throughout the course of treatment. As your teeth become straighter, you’ll graduate from one set of aligners to the next one per your treatment plan. Typically, dentists or orthodontists will give patients three sets of liners at each visit so they will only have to return every 6 to 8 weeks for a checkup. It’s important to maintain good dental habits throughout your Invisalign treatment to ensure your teeth stay as healthy as possible. Be sure to only remove your aligners when brushing or flossing your teeth, as well as during meals, to receive the greatest benefit from your treatment. If you’re interested in learning more about how Invisalign works and what Invisalign can do for you, contact Boulder dentist Dr. David Evans for more information. Share This Story, Choose Your Platform!


how many calories mcdonalds chicken nuggets

Four-Piece Chicken Mc Nuggets The four-piece Chicken Mc Nuggets, available for Happy Meals, have 190 calories, and more than half -- 100 -- come from fat, Mc Donald's reports. If you eat a 2,000-calorie diet, the Mc Nuggets equal 9.5 percent of your total daily calories.

The Calories in McDonald's Chicken Nuggets

The Calories in Mc Donald's Chicken Nuggetsby ANNA ARONSON Oct. 03, 2017The Chicken Mc Nuggets at Mc Donald's are made from all white meat and are served with your choice of dipping sauces. The Mc Nuggets can be bought in four-piece, six-piece and 10-piece packs, and nutrition values vary for each. Video of the Day Error setting up player: Invalid license key

And keep in mind that nutritional values for the Mc Nuggets do no include any dipping sauce you may use or fries or soda you have with your meal. The four-piece nuggets also have 12 g of total fat, 400 mg of sodium, 11 g of total carbohydrates and 10 g of protein. Six-Piece Chicken Mc Nuggets An order of six-piece Chicken Mc Nuggets has 280 calories, and 160 of those calories come from fat. The Mc Nuggets amount to 14 percent of your total daily calories if you eat 2,000 calories a day. The six-piece order also contains 17 g of total fat, 600 mg of sodium, 16 g of total carbohydrates and 14 g of protein.10-Piece Chicken Mc Nuggets The largest-sized Chicken Mc Nuggets has 10 pieces and contains 460 calories, with 260 coming from fat. The 10-piece Mc Nuggets amounts to 23 percent of your total daily calories for a 2,000-calorie diet. The 10-piece Mc Nuggets also contain 29 g of total fat, 1,000 mg of sodium, 27 g of total carbohydrates and 24 g of protein. Lose Weight. Feel Great!Change your life with My Plate by LIVE STRONG . COMGOALGENDER AGEWEIGHT HEIGHTGET MY CALORIE GOALYOU MIGHT ALSO LIKEWhat's Really Inside Mc Donald's Chicken Mc Nuggets? Nutrition Guide for Hooters Boneless Wings Nutritional Value of Quorn How to Cook Mojo Chicken Nutrition in a Chicken Cutlet Is Baked Chicken Healthy? How to Cook Roast Chicken on a Stovetop Can I Cook Chicken Straight From Being Frozen? How to Make Moist Chicken Breasts How to Grill Boneless Marinated Chicken Thighs How to Bake Chicken Breasts & Thighs How to Cook Boneless Chicken Breast With Rib Meat How to Cook Chicken Legs & Breasts in the Oven How to Cook Chicken Legs in a Crock Pot With Frank's BBQ How do I Make Deep Fried Chicken Wings? Chicken and Rice: The Calories Nutrition Values for Sesame Chicken & Fried Rice 4 Ways to Make Fried Chicken Healthier How to Broil Chicken on the Bone How to Eat Healthy at KFC


what does fertilization?

) The noun FERTILIZATION has 2 senses:1. creation by the physical union of male and female gametes; of sperm and ova in an animal or pollen and ovule in a plant 2. making fertile as by applying fertilizer or manure Familiarity information: FERTILIZATION used as a noun is rare.

FERTILIZATION

"Audio English.org » Dictionary » F » Fertile Crescent ... Fetoscope FERTILIZATIONPronunciation (US): Dictionary entry overview: What does fertilization mean?• FERTILIZATION (noun

Dictionary entry details• FERTILIZATION (noun)Sense 1 fertilization [BACK TO TOP]Meaning: Creation by the physical union of male and female gametes; of sperm and ova in an animal or pollen and ovule in a plant Classified under: Nouns denoting natural events Synonyms:fecundation; fertilisation; fertilization; impregnation Hypernyms (""fertilization"" is a kind of...):conception; creation (the event that occurred at the beginning of something)Hyponyms (each of the following is a kind of ""fertilization""):pollenation; pollination (transfer of pollen from the anther to the stigma of a plant)cross-fertilisation; cross-fertilization (fertilization by the union of male and female gametes from different individual of the same species)self-fertilisation; self-fertilization (fertilization by the union of male and female gametes from the same individual)superfecundation (fertilization of two or more ova released during the same menstrual cycle by sperm from separate acts of coitus (especially by different males))superfetation (fertilization of a second ovum after a pregnancy has begun; results in two fetuses of different ages in the uterus at the same time)Sense 2 fertilization [BACK TO TOP]Meaning: Making fertile as by applying fertilizer or manure Classified under: Nouns denoting natural events Synonyms:fecundation; fertilisation; fertilization; dressing Hypernyms (""fertilization"" is a kind of...):enrichment (act of making fuller or more meaningful or rewarding)Hyponyms (each of the following is a kind of ""fertilization""):top dressing (a layer of fertilizer or manure not plowed in)Learn English with... Proverbs of the week""All's fair in love and war."" (English proverb) ""A real friend takes the hand of his friend in overwhelming worry and fire."" (Afghanistan proverb) ""Need excavates the trick."" (Arabic proverb) ""A crazy father and mother make sensible children."" (Corsican proverb)FERTILIZATION: related words searches» superfecundation definition » Meaning of self-fertilization » What does cross-fertilization mean? » top dressing meaning » superfetation definition Related FAQs:» FERTILIZATIONFERTILITY RATEFERTILIZABLEFERTILIZATIONFERTILIZATION AGEFERTILIZATION MEMBRANEFERTILIZEFERTILIZED EGGFERTILIZED OVUMFERTILIZERFERULEEnglish learning courses About Practical English About Telephone English About Accounting English Learn English Free English Language Dictionary British and American English pronunciation Other popular searches:» what does caveat mean » pascal » what does voluminous mean » hibiscus syriacus » bash meaning Page delivered in 0.0439 seconds "


what movements strain the trapezius

Trapezius Strain

Trapezius Strain Injuries and Rehabthe Bird 2013-05-08 03:01:40 UTC #1Hi friends. Today while I was military pressing I strained my left trapezius muscle. I have done this previously, although not for about 18 months. Should be recovered in 3-4 days going on past experiences. The muscle feels tight and is limiting the movement of my head to the left. Just wondering if there was something I could do in my warm-up to prevent this from happening again??? Im guessing the muscle is tight from working on the computer at work for too long.tweetniksamaras 2013-05-08 10:17:41 UTC #2 [qu

Just wondering if there was something I could do in my warm-up to prevent this from happening again??? Im guessing the muscle is tight from working on the computer at work for too long.tweet [/quote]Once it is healed, deep tissue massage.the Bird 2013-05-08 12:03:55 UTC #3 [quote]niksamaras wrote: [quote]the Bird wrote: Hi friends. Today while I was military pressing I strained my left trapezius muscle. I have done this previously, although not for about 18 months. Should be recovered in 3-4 days going on past experiences. The muscle feels tight and is limiting the movement of my head to the left. Just wondering if there was something I could do in my warm-up to prevent this from happening again??? Im guessing the muscle is tight from working on the computer at work for too long.tweet [/quote]Once it is healed, deep tissue massage. [/quote]Thanks man. Ive got an appointment for 3 days time. Usually these heal pretty quick, so Im hoping Ill be ready for some deep tissue fun come 3 days time!tweetrds63799 2013-05-08 12:59:03 UTC #4I bet your head/neck posture sucks3 sets of chin tucks every day from now on Birdy. Stupidest looking exercise ever but works wonders. If you don’t know what they are, you basically give yourself a double chin. If you do it right, you should feel the front of the neck tense (it’s an activation exercise for these muscles) and your neck/traps relax while you do it. Hold it for 30 seconds at a time.the Bird 2013-05-08 13:01:03 UTC #5 [quote]rds63799 wrote: I bet your head/neck posture sucks3 sets of chin tucks every day from now on Birdy. Stupidest looking exercise ever but works wonders. If you don’t know what they are, you basically give yourself a double chin. If you do it right, you should feel the front of the neck tense (it’s an activation exercise for these muscles) and your neck/traps relax while you do it. Hold it for 30 seconds at a time. [/quote]Thanks. Ill add it to my ever increasing warm-up routine.tweet Ripsaw3689 2013-05-08 16:43:22 UTC #6I have found that massaging with a golf ball/lacross ball really helps to relieve the pressure in the upper back and neck area. Might be something to look into, for preventative maintenance if anything.atg410 2013-05-08 20:11:18 UTC #7 [quote]the Bird wrote: Hi friends. Today while I was military pressing I strained my left trapezius muscle. I have done this previously, although not for about 18 months. Should be recovered in 3-4 days going on past experiences. The muscle feels tight and is limiting the movement of my head to the left. Just wondering if there was something I could do in my warm-up to prevent this from happening again??? Im guessing the muscle is tight from working on the computer at work for too long.tweet [/quote]I had to lay off of overhead pressing and pull downs for over a year due to all kinds of f’d up mess in my upper back/neck/deltoids. There’s already good advice in this thread, I’ll just add and reiterate a couple of things -Chin tucks are the greatest exercise ever for anyone who spends too much time on a computer (or at least they were for me). It sounds dumb, but you may even need to film yourself or have some one do a form check - the muscles involved are rarely used voluntarily and can be tricky to activate on your first couple of tries. Successfully done you should feel a comfortable tensing of all the muscles which make up the front of your neck, from collarbone to jaw, and a stretching and relaxing of the muscles which extend from your shoulder girdle to the back of your scalp - you’re not just bringing your jaw in, but making your neck long and straight. Practice them standing, sitting, laying on your back with a slight head lift and laying on your stomach. Activation of your subscapular muscles, rhomboids and all of the other fidly little muscles that hold your upper back and shoulders together - it sounds obvious, but overhead pressing needs to be balanced with your back stabilizers just like horizontal pressing does. There are lots of good subscap activation drills online, and a good tennis ball massage of the shoulders and the area next to the spine seems to help a lot as well. Check your weight/check your form - any time I’ve ever hurt myself lifting anything I’ve been using too much weight and screwing around on form. Overhead press is one of my favorites, but I find that I can get a lot of bang for my buck with way less weight than I could maximally lift. Be clear about whether you are doing a strict overhead press or an explosive push press - I see a lot of people who try to start a military press, realize they have too much weight on the bar and finish with an ugly half jerk. Either your feet are planted, your glutes are locked out and you are pressing smoothly and fluidly or you are driving explosively up from your feet and using as much momentum as muscle to get the bar overhead - if you find that you can’t identify which of these actions you are doing you should back off and work on form. Try light presses with a strong static hold in the top position to really feel all of the muscles involved firing. Good luck!smallmike 2013-05-08 21:06:49 UTC #8Is it trapezius or levator scapulae? Not that it makes much difference for rehab, but I find that people who think they have strained their traps have actually strained their levator scap. Here is a picture of where it is located:http://www.exrx.net/Muscles/Levator Scapulae.html It runs underneath the trap from the top part of your cervical spine to the medial border of your scapula and can often be palpated as a tight, painful band if you run your hand across it. In normal people it is often tight and painful as well. Kakarat 2013-05-08 21:29:29 UTC #9Dude, I literally did this same thing yesterday but on my right side…ZJStrope 2013-05-08 21:36:47 UTC #10I’ve done this a few times and this past time, the pain won’t go away. Some days are better than others. Try not to sneeze b/c that’s a B!TCH!! !I like all these tips in here. I’m going to start implementing them. ZJStrope 2013-05-08 21:38:12 UTC #11 [quote]the Bird wrote: [quote]rds63799 wrote: I bet your head/neck posture sucks3 sets of chin tucks every day from now on Birdy. Stupidest looking exercise ever but works wonders. If you don’t know what they are, you basically give yourself a double chin. If you do it right, you should feel the front of the neck tense (it’s an activation exercise for these muscles) and your neck/traps relax while you do it. Hold it for 30 seconds at a time. [/quote]Thanks. Ill add it to my ever increasing warm-up routine.tweet [/quote]So 3, 30 second holds?rds63799 2013-05-08 23:21:27 UTC #12 [quote]ZJStrope wrote: [quote]the Bird wrote: [quote]rds63799 wrote: I bet your head/neck posture sucks3 sets of chin tucks every day from now on Birdy. Stupidest looking exercise ever but works wonders. If you don’t know what they are, you basically give yourself a double chin. If you do it right, you should feel the front of the neck tense (it’s an activation exercise for these muscles) and your neck/traps relax while you do it. Hold it for 30 seconds at a time. [/quote]Thanks. Ill add it to my ever increasing warm-up routine.tweet [/quote]So 3, 30 second holds? [/quote]yeah man, make sure you’re really feeling it working in the front of your neck. EDIT: and you should feel a gnarly stretch in the back of your neck toothe Bird 2013-05-09 02:51:22 UTC #13Rip Saw- good idea. There are definitely a few spots in my upper back that need some serious “releasing”.atg40- Thanks. Some good tips in there. Your right about going too heavy. I was a little unsure about the heavy weight, but I thought I would follow through as my “program” told me to do it. Im going to drop the weight.smallmike- Im not sure what exact muscle it is, but Im thinking I have “twinged” a nerve maybe. I dont think its a muscle strain anymore. Kakarat- twins!! !ZJstrope- Yes it is a pain, it hurts to even move around when sleeping.rds- Ive been trying the new exercise, although Im not sure if Im doing it right. Ill keep at it.tweetthe Bird 2013-05-13 13:34:53 UTC #14For those that suffer a similar in jury to mine, please dont forget to check the soft tissue quality of your pectorals. I had found a massive knot in the left side pectorus today, and after releasing it, my neck already feels better. The pectoral muscle was pulling on mu shoulder and straining my trapezius.tweet Shadowzz4 2013-05-19 14:12:23 UTC #15Foam roll your it band and rectus and get your glutes stronger. That will take care of this.the Bird 2013-05-19 14:54:19 UTC #16 [quote]Shadowzz4 wrote: Foam roll your it band and rectus and get your glutes stronger. That will take care of this. [/quote]Cereal? Why the glutes?tweet Shadowzz4 2013-05-19 17:49:43 UTC #17The force couple at the scapula incorporates the serratus, upper trap and lower trap primarily. When your hips aren’t sorted out, the serratus and lower trap do not work well seemingly due to a dysfunction in thoracic movement and stability that allows for proper function of the serratus and lower trap. So the upper trap ends up doing even more work in an attempt to rotate the scapula.hawkpacific 2017-12-03 15:30:17 UTC #18I will second the postural exercises, especially chin tucks & other neck/trap postural exercises. You have to do the chin tucks right, as your neck will want to move upward when you do the chin tucks. Neck perfectly horizontal while doing chin tucks. You should feel it in your upper trap, scalene muscles, etc. Swiss ball exercises work wonders as well. At the end of the day, the older you get & the more your ignore posture/functional exercises, the more you will regret it later.

is. Sleeping in wrong positions, sudden twist to the neck or a jerk, a motor accident or a fall may strain the trapezius muscle. Symptoms of Trapezius muscle strain Due to muscle spasm and stiffness in the neck muscles, there is neck and shoulder pain. The person may find difficulty in neck and shoulder movement and the pain may get worse with movement.

Healthy Living Trapezius Muscle Strain: Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment You May Like Article What Is a Pulled Groin? Article What is a Hamstring Strain? Expert Answers Why does my body shiver when I get angry? A flat rectangular band of tissue is known as the trapezius muscle. The paired muscles form a diamond shape, hence it resembles a trapezoid (diamond shaped quadrilateral). It makes up for the majority of superficial cervical as well as thoracic musculature. It has the look of a kite. It runs from the back of our neck to the middle back. It is innervated by the spinal accessory nerve and helps us with functions like shrugging our shoulders. It is also responsible for scapular movements and horizontal shoulder abduction. Since the trapezius muscle is large, it has many attachment sites. Due to its size and attachments, it has many functions. Depending on which region of the muscle contracts, many functions are performed. It has been known to act as a scapula stabilizer. Do Orthopedic Surgeons also See Patients who Don’t... Have a question about Trapezius Muscle Strain? Ask a doctor now The middle region pulls back the scapula, while lower portion performs the function of suppressing as well as rotating the scapula. In some head and neck movements, the upper trapezius works together with the sernocleidomastoid muscle. Trapezius muscle moves the shoulder blade and also rotates it outward. The unilateral contraction causes the head to bend, whereas the bilateral contraction causes the head and the cervical vertebra to be raised. It is also known to help in the breathing process by slightly enlarging the upper chest region in order to increase the lung capacity. However, the main function is movement of the scapula and to give support to the arm. Anatomy of Trapezius muscle There are three anatomic regions in the Trapezius muscle known as superior, middle and inferior regions: The superior fibers start medially in between the occiput and C7 spinous processes. It extends laterally towards the posterior portion of the distal clavicle, the acrominon and the distal portion of the spine of scapula. Middle fibers originate between C7 and T3 spinous processes and it extends laterally to insert along the scapular spine. Inferior fibers originate between T4 and T12 spinous processes and extend superolaterally to insert on the medial confluence of the spine of scapula. Immunohistochemical analysis was perfumed by Lindman on human trapezius muscles and he found that the mitochondrial ATPase activity was significantly different in various portions of the muscle. Low concentration of mitochondrial ATPase activity was found in lower third portion of superior region, the middle and the inferior regions too. On the other hand, high concentrations were found in the uppermost aspect of the superior region, hence it was suggested that for high demand, short duration functionality, superior region was best suited and for low demand, long duration functionality, the rest of the muscle was best suited. Strain in the Trapezius muscle The trapezius muscle is located between the neck and shoulder and goes right up to the midback. Increased and repetitive amount of stress on this area causes strain. In this condition, it becomes very difficult to move the shoulders or perform any overhead activity. This muscle strain also leads to discomfort and pain with stiffness along the shoulder area due to which the person finds it difficult to move the neck. This strain limits or decreases the motion of shoulders and neck. Causes of Trapezius muscle strain Stress - Trapezius muscle strain occurs when muscles are stretched beyond normal functioning. When one carries out repetitive task without taking adequate rest in between, then it results in the muscles getting irritated and inflamed, thereby causing a strain. Few of the repetitive tasks would involve, continuous pushing, pulling or performing overhead tasks. Continuously carrying out tasks which would require the use of arms, shoulder and the back and carrying heavy objects especially on the shoulders may cause strain. At times, people do push themselves while carrying out menial tasks which shouldn’t require too much pressure such as lifting, typing, pulling. There is lot of pressure exerted on the shoulder region wherein the tissues get overworked, thus causing inflammation which then leads to strain. Trauma - This usually happens to people who do lot of physical activity like construction workers whose job is to constantly lift heavy items on the head, push across heavy materials etc. Also, athletes who are mostly involved in swimming or tennis need to constantly use their arms. These are the people who are at higher risk of developing trapezius muscle strain. This strain is also caused due to trauma experienced during sports or auto accidents. Other reasons - Strains can also take place due to poor posture, whiplash injury, prolonged sitting, and arthrit

One may experience pain in the shoulder blades and the thoracic regions. Constant pain is caused due to increased tension on the trapezius muscle. The person experiences difficulty in sleeping, as the person finds it tough to find a comfortable position because of the constant pain. Numbness or tingling sensation in the arms. Person experiences neck pain or a headache that goes to the side of the neck and center in the temporal area. Fatigue and inability to concentrate are also some symptoms. Also, the person may feel weakness in one or both arms, swelling in the affected region, pain and warmth radiating from the muscles and uncomfortable in heavy clothing since the weight of the clothes lies on the trapezius muscle and causes irritation. Due to repeated trapezius strain, one may experience chronic pain in the neck. This is called as trapezius myalgia. The upper portion of the neck becomes tight causing small areas of intense pain known as knots. If trapezius muscle gets strained due to injury, then the nearby blood vessels and the capillaries which supply blood get damaged which might lead to a sudden burst of the blood vessel. This blood collects under the skin layer and hence, a bruise can be easily observed. Diagnosis of Trapezius muscle strain History - The doctor would chalk out a detailed history about work habits to find out whether the person has been involved in any intensive work which would need repetitive movement of arms or carrying any heavy objects or any sports which needs too much of hand movement. Physical Examination - The doctor would physically examine the affected area to look for any areas of warmth, tenderness or any swelling. Radiology - The doctor would conduct an X-ray to have a more detailed inspection of the inside of the trapezius muscle. By doing so, the doctor can rule out the possibility of any other potential conditions. Other Evaluations - The doctor may ask you to undergo a neurologic and musculoskeletal examination other than physical examination. New techniques - Musculoskeletal imaging techniques, magnetic resonance elastography (a research tool to measure stiffness of tissues) and musculoskeletal ultrasound are some techniques that can be used as diagnostic tools. CT or MRI scan – If all of the above options fail, then the doctor would go in for a MRI or CT scan to rule out the possibility of any other medical condition. Also, it would help to look at the trapezius muscle internal structure. This is done to observe conditions like pinched nerve or disc herniation. They mimic symptoms of trapezius muscle strain. Treatment for Trapezius muscle strain Depending on the extent of strain; whether its mild or severe, the doctor would then carry out different treatment approaches. The main aim of the treatment would be to get back free movement of the affected area along with flexibility as well as improve the motion of arms, shoulder, back and neck so that the pain is relived. Anti-inflammatory medications - They act as pain relieving therapy and also reduce inflammation. They increase the function of the arms and reduce discomfort. Over–the–counter medications help to ease pain. They also reduce spasms. One such medication is ibuprofen which has anti-inflammatory properties. Other medications are also there which act as muscle relaxers and pain killers. Procedures – If the pain tends to get severe and does not reduce with the help of anti-inflammatory medicines, then the doctor would prescribe stronger pain medications which would also involve use of narcotic pain medications. This is prescribed in limited amount. In some cases, steroid shots may be given which will relieve pain and increase mobility of shoulders. Therapy - Next step is physical therapy for faster healing. Some exercises will be formulated by the therapist. This would be done to increase flexibility and bring back the strength of the shoulders. One should take it gradually rather than jumping to the advanced level of therapy. Care should be taken to not further injure the already affected area. Therapy sessions encourage complete healing and also prevent future injury. Strength and flexibility should be improved by stretching and weight training, although this should be done under a professional’s supervision. Physiotherapists resolve injury and bring the person back in desired physical condition. Combination of specialized stretches and electrode administration can be carried out on the affected area as they seem to work well, when combined. Home Remedies for Trapezius muscle strain Rice - The best treatment is this therapy which is a combination of Rest, Ice, Compression and Elevation. This therapy aims at treating the pain and injuries. First, icing is done for two days. Ice is taken on a towel and it is applied for 20 minutes on the affected area at least 2-3 times a day. This calms down inflammation, swelling and controls pain. One should avoid lying flat. After couple of days, try heat treatment which should be done in the form of a heating pad or warmed towel applied to the affected area. This should be kept for at least 20 minutes and should be done twice to thrice in a day. This will increase the blood circulation in the affected area and calm down swelling and inflammation. Although RICE can help treat the trapezius muscle strain, care should be taken that the ice and freezer gel packs do not reach very low temperatures as they can cause ice burns on the skin. Massage – One can apply firm pressure with the index and middle finger to the affected spot. This massaging should be done in a circular motion for around one to two minutes. This helps to alleviate stiffness. Ensure to give maximum protection and rest to the affected area for the first few days so as to prevent any tearing of the fibers. After which, short movements can be done slowly. Herbal Remedies for Trapezius muscle strain Ginger - Ginger is known to heal inflammation. Its volatile oil contains beta-bisabolene and zingiberene which are anti-inflammatory agents. A dosage of 250 mg to 1 gram of ginger root powder. is recommended that should be taken in three to four times on a daily basis so as to prevent any pain and swelling. Pineapple - Bromelain, a proteolytic enzyme found in pineapple, is also another remedy. 40 mg is recommended to be taken three to four times in a day. It may reduce inflammation. Cabbage slice - Cabbage slice is a natural home remedy. Wrap cabbage around ginger and then bake it in an oven for over half an hour. Once done, remove it from the oven and cut it into slices. The hot slice should be placed on the affected area and left for 20 minutes. This helps to relieve muscle spasm. How long does the pain last? There is no exact duration that can be given as it depends on a number of factors like the cause of the pain, its source, the change in the lifestyle after the strain and body’s response to the treatment. It is important for the body to get rest after the strain or else the symptoms may get worse. It can take one to six weeks for the affected area to heal by itself. Also, it depends on the severity of the strain. During the healing period, it is necessary to give enough rest to the body, follow a well balanced diet and to stay hydrated. Prevention of Trapezius muscle strain Exercise - Trauma caused to the trapezius muscle during exercise may also cause the strain. So, it is necessary to check the technique of exercise since bad technique may lead to injury. Warm up should be done properly, especially before lifting heavy weights. Limit the exertion by not overworking which can lead to strain or injury. Discontinue the exercise if it causes discomfort. Stretch daily - Stretching exercises should be carried out daily once in the morning and afternoon to prevent any further injury. There are many exercises tailored to stretching, which can be found out with little bit of research and these exercises are very easy to do and do not require any equipment. These exercises also prevent re-injury. Key Takeaways Trapezius muscle is a flat triangular band of tissue. The paired muscles form a diamond shape hence it resembles a trapezoid (diamond-shaped quadrilateral). The trapezius muscle is large; it has many attachment sites. Due to its size and attachments, it has many functions. Trapezius muscle is thought to have three anatomic regions viz. superior, middle and inferior regions. More from Find ATop Doc on Trapezius Muscle Strain What Types of Injuries does an Orthopedist Treat? How is Sports Medicine Different from Physical Therapy?... Expert Answers Can a chiropractor relieve muscle pain?


how often to change carpet

et? Generally, carpet has a 5-15 year lifespan. Yet, the lifespan depends on quality, padding, and usage. For example, hallways typically wear more than bedrooms. Similarly, larger families’ carpets see more foot traffic than those of smaller families. Often, the decision to replace your carpet gets made after you find multiple problems. Some signs are obvious while others take so me investigation. To help you decide when you should consider replacing carpet, look for the following signs. Matting

6 Signs That You Should Replace Your Carpet

Even the most diligent cleaners have to replace carpets eventually. However, when will you know it’s time to replace your carp

The carpets’ material plays a vital role in the determining whether your carpet develops matts. Polyester carpet may feel nice, but tends to have weak resistance to matting. Once polyester carpet matts down, there’s not a lot you can do to salvage it. Older carpet that experiences heavy foot traffic also typically can’t be restored. When you replace carpet because of matting, make sure your new carpet can withstand the traffic. Consider nylon carpeting. This material resists matting and lasts longer than polyester carpet. You can also help your new carpet last longer with regular deep cleaning. Stains Have you started to hide carpet stains with rugs and furniture? If you have more than a couple stains in your carpet, consider replacing it. As you spill on your carpet, you can try using stain remover and other cleaners. If you have carpets with stain-resistant finish, know that after a few years this treatment fades, leaving carpets susceptible to stains and damage. Be careful trying DIY stain removers such as plant food, wine, bleach, mustard, and tea, as these solutions often result in hard-to-eliminate stains. You should also avoid trying online DIY tricks. These treatments, along with some store bought products, can cause more damage to your carpet. The best solution when you have multiple severe stains is to replace the carpet. Mold Biological substances such as pet urine, vomit, or mold can cause bacteria to build up underneath your carpet. If you find these stains, the only thing you can do to make sure you completely eradicate the problem is completely replace the carpet. The damp environment in some basements can exacerbate mold problems in the carpet. If your carpet experiences any standing water conditions, such as a flood, mold will likely follow. You should replace carpet before the mold infests your carpets. You can identify mold by its musty smell or a flare of allergies. You can also purchase a mold test kit to determine mold levels in your carpet. Carpet Padding Condition Your carpet padding acts like a pillow under your carpet-it’s the layer that makes carpet comfortable to sit on. The padding also buffers noise to keep rooms quiet and insulates the floor. If your carpet has wrinkles, lies unevenly, or makes crinkle sounds when you walk on it, your carpet padding needs to be replaced. Foul Odors If you can smell a foul odor coming from your carpet, you may need to replace it. Foul odors can come from mold or pets. Pet owne rs should regularly clean carpets to keep foul odors away. However, if you smell odors even after a deep cleaning, the odor may have pe netrated deeply within the carpet fibers. These situations often require carpet replacement. Aesthetics After a few years, you may want to update your carpet because it doesn’t look as nice as you would like. You should never feel embarrassed by your carpet when entertaining guests. For instance, if you have 1970s carpet that doesn’t match your room design, you should consider replacing your carpet. You may also want to replace carpet if you plan to sell your home. Many buyers look for quality flooring when they consider purchasing a home. However, some prefer to pick the flooring out on their own. In these cases, you may want to offer a flooring allowance so they can choose the carpet they prefer. If you have noticed one or more of these signs, call a professional to replace your commercial carpet with one you can take pride in. Submit a Comment Your email address will not be published. Required fields are marked *


what is nephrology definition

ine How to Become a Nephrologist Nephrology, which is the branch of internal medicine that deals with the kidney, is the nephrologist's specialty. To become a nephrologist, a doctor must successfully complete medical school, and then go on to a residency program for a term usually of three years.

What Is a Nephrologist?

For Healthcare Professionals Healthcare Compensation Career Choices What Is a Nephrologist? What they do and how to become one By Debra Manzella, RN | Reviewed by Richard N. Fogoros, MDUpdated June 12, 2017Share Pin Email Print Doctor. Raedle / Staff / Getty Images A nephrologist is a doctor who specializes in kidney health and kidney disease. A nephrologist can diagnose and treat kidney failure, and can help people in kidney failure by prescribing medications, offering special diet advice and coordinating dialysis care when the time comes. People with diabetes may have long-term complications that involve kidney disease and eventual failure. A nephrologist is an important member to add to your personal healthcare team, if you have symptoms of kidney disease. Beyond diabetes, you may be referred to a nephrologist if you experience any of the following symptoms: Kidney stones Hypertension (high blood pressure)Acute renal failure Chronic or repeated urinary tract infections ( UTI)Fluid retention Decline in kidney function Electrolyte disorder Protein or blood detected in ur

After completing residency, the doctor must pass the American Board of Internal Medicine's (ABIM) certification exam to become a board-certified doctor, and may then proceed on to specialized research in nephrology. This is done in an accredited nephrology fellowship program, usually two to three years in length through a university hospital. Many nephrology fellowships also require laboratory or clinical research for one to two additional years. For doctors who wish to work with children, they must specialize in pediatric nephrology. This requires additional training and successful exam completion. What a Nephrologist Does As specialists, patients usually visit a nephrologist on referral from their primary care physicians. Nephrologists take blood and urine tests to establish how the patient’s kidneys are functioning. They also employ ultrasound to examine the kidney. Once a nephrologist determines there is a problem with kidney function, they will make a diagnosis (which may involve consultations with doctors in other specialties). In the case of kidney disease, further testing may be necessary to identify the stage of the kidney disease. The nephrologist will prescribe a plan of treatment for the patient. Though their expertise is in the kidney and they do perform kidney biopsies, nephrologists are not surgeons normally and would not typically perform surgeries such as the removal of kidney stones or the treatment of kidney cancer. These procedures would be referred to a urologist. Your nephrologist may see you several times each month if you are on dialysis. For other kidney ailments, you may see your doctor once every month or two, depending on the situation. It is often important that your kidney issue be monitored or treated regularly. As such, your nephrologist may also take care of other routine or common medical issues you may have beyond simply your kidneys. Your nephrologist is trained in internal medicine, so they are well prepared for other problems you may encounter during treatment, so be sure to let your doctor know if you do experience other concerns.


what is a healthy resting heart rate for men

wer The normal resting heart rate for adult men and women is 60 to 100 beats per minute, states Medical News Today. Women have a slightly higher normal resting heart rate than men. Continue Reading

Health Medical Ranges & Levels Q: What Is a Normal Resting Heart Rate for Men? A: Quick Ans

Keep Learning What Is the Average Heart Rate for a Woman? What Is the Normal Range of Resting Heart Rate for Men? What Is the Normal Pulse Rate of an Adult? Credit: ERproductions Ltd Blend Images Getty Images Full Answer Women have a slightly higher heart rate because the sinoatrial node recovers faster between heartbeats, according to azcentral.com. Children have heart rates ranging between 100 and 170 beats per minute, while athletes can have heart rates between 40 to 60 beats per minute, states Medical News Today. The heart pumps blood to the various body organs according to each organ’s nutritional and oxygen requirements. At rest, the body requires less oxygen and nutrients, and the heart rate is slower, according to Mayo Clinic. Learn more about Medical Ranges & Levels Sources: medicalnewstoday.com mayoclinic.org healthyliving.azcentral.com Related Questions Q: What Is a Normal Resting Heart Rate? A: According to the American Heart Association, a normal resting heart rate falls anywhere between 60 to 100 beats per minute for adults. However, certain fac... Full Answer >Filed Under: Medical Ranges & Levels Q: What Is a Normal Resting Heart Rate for a Toddler? A: A normal resting heart rate for a toddler is between 80 and 130 beats per minute, according to the National Institutes of Health's Medline Plus. If a toddle... Full Answer >Filed Under: Medical Ranges & Levels Q: What Heart Rate Range Is Considered Normal for Women? A: A normal resting heart rate for both men and women is 60 to 100 beats per minute, advises Mayo Clinic. Readings of more than 100 or less than 60 beats per ... Full Answer >Filed Under: Medical Ranges & Levels Q: What Is the Normal Pulse Rate for Men? A: Web MD explains that the normal resting heart rate, also known as pulse rate, for men is 60 to 100 beats per minute. The resting pulse rate is measured afte... Full Answer >Filed Under: Medical Ranges & Levels You May Also Like Q: How Do You Use a Blood Sugar Monitoring Log? Q: What Is a Respiratory Quotient? Q: Why Does Rebreathing Exhaled Air Produced an Increased Respiratory Rate? Q: Why Does Strenuous Exercise Cause an Elevated Bilirubin Level in Blood? Q: What Are Some Good Fragrances for Men? Q: How High Is 34.5 CRP Blood Test Results?


what is a merchant's mark

]Merchants' marks are as old as the sealings of the third millennium BCE found in Sumer that originated in the Indus Valley. [1] Impressions of cloth, strings and other packing material on the reverse of tags with seal impressions indicate that the Harappan seals were used to control economic administration and trade.

Merchant's mark

"Merchant's mark From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedianavigation search A selection of merchants' marks used by medieval merchants of the City of Norwich, England Merchant's mark of Thomas Horton (d.1530), wool merchant of Iford, Wiltshire, used on Wiltshire English woollens sent to Flanders. Engraved on a monumental brass circa 1520 in Bradford-on-Avon Church A merchant's mark is an emblem or device adopted by a merchant, and placed on goods or produce sold by him in order to keep track of them, or as a sign of authentication. It may also be used as a mark of identity in other contexts. Contents [ hide ]1 History2 The East India Company's Merchant's Mark3 See also4 Further reading5 References History [ edit

[2] [3] Amphorae from the Roman Empire can sometimes be traced to their sources from the inscriptions on their handles. Commercial inscriptions in Latin, known as Tituli picti, appear on Roman containers used for trade. [4]Symbolic merchants' marks continued to be used by artisans and townspeople of the medieval and early modern eras [5] to identify themselves and authenticate their goods. These distinctive and easily recognizable marks often appeared in their seals [6] on documents and on products made for sale. They are often found on headstones and in works of stained glass, [7] brass [8] and stone, serving in place of heraldic imagery, which could not be used by the middle classes. [9] They were the precursors of hallmarks, printer's marks [10] and trademarks. To manage the risks of piracy or shipwreck, merchants often consigned a cargo to several vessels or caravans; a mark on a bale established legal ownership and avoided confusion. Early travellers, voyagers and merchants displayed their merchant's marks as well to ward off evil. Adventurous travellers and sailors ascribed the terrors and perils of their life to the wrath of the Devil. To counter these dangers merchants employed all sorts of religious and magical means to place their caravans, ships and merchandise under the protection of God and His Saints. The Mystical Sign of Four, also called the ""Staff of Mercury"". One such symbol combined the mystical ""Sign of Four"" with the merchant's name or initials. The ""Sign of Four"" [11] was an outgrowth of an ancient symbol adopted by the Romans and by Christianity, Chi Rho (XP), standing for the first two letters of Christus in Greek letters; this was simplified to a reversed ""4"" in Medieval times. The evolution of this symbol is shown in M. J. Shah's article. [12] The ""Sign of Four"" is called the ""Staff of Mercury"" ( Caduceus) in German and Scandinavian literature on house marks. [13]The joint stock company or limited liability company was another way to reduce a merchant's risks of loss of ships and merchandise from dangerous voyages and travel. By royal charter a monopoly was assured and a merchant's personal liability was limited to the amount of his own investment. If a voyage succeeded the gains accrued to all of the investors in proportion to their invested capital shares. Modern institutions, corporations and trademarks, find some of their origins in these symbolic and legal devices for limiting physical and pecuniary risks. The East India Company's Merchant's Mark [ edit]Symbols on East India Company Coin: 1791 Half Pice Symbols on a Blue Scinde Dawk postage stamp (1852)When the East India Company was chartered by Elizabeth I, Queen of England in 1600 it was still customary for each merchant or Company of Merchant Adventurers to have a distinguishing mark which included the ""Sign of Four"" and served as a trademark. The East India Company's mark was made up from a '+', a '4' and the initials EIC. This mark forms the central emblem displayed on the Scinde Dawk postage stamps. [14] Also, it was a central motif of the East India Company's coinage. [15]See also [ edit]Wikimedia Commons has media related to Merchants' marks. Cylinder seal Titulus pictus Early modern Europe Emblems Seals Monogram Symbols Brand Trademark House mark Further reading [ edit]Davies, H. W. (1935). Devices of the Early Printers, 1457–1560: their history and development. London: Grafton & Co. Elmhirst, Edward Mars (1959). Dow, Leslie, ed. Merchants' Marks. Harleian Society. 108. London: Harleian Society. Ewing, W. C. (1850). Notices of the Merchants' Marks in the City of Norwich. Norwich: Charles Muskett. Girling, F. A. (1964). English Merchants' Marks: a field survey of marks made by merchants and tradesmen in England between 1400 and 1700. London: Oxford University Press. Gloucestershire Notes & Queries, Vol. 5, p. 107; Vol. 6, pp. 9–12Rylands, J. Paul (1910). ""Merchants' marks and other medieval personal marks"". Transactions of the Historic Society of Lancashire and Cheshire. 62. References [ edit]^ Seals were used to make impressions in wet clay as a means of sealing shipments of goods. D. H. Kelley and B. Wells, ""Recent Progress in Understanding the Indus Script"", Review of Archaeology. Vol. 16, No. 1 : 15-23. (1995).^ Asko Parpola, ""Study of the Indus Script"", p. 52. Paper read at the 50th ICES Tokyo Session on 19 May 2005 in Tokyo. Archived 20 April 2010 at the Wayback Machine.^ Geoffrey Cook, ""A Unicorn Seal"", The Ancient Indus Civilization (on line).^ J. Theodore Peña, Roman Pottery in the Archaeological Record, p. 106. Cambridge U. Press (2007) ISBN 0-521-86541-7^ Sylvia L. Thrupp, The Merchant Class of Medieval London (1300-1500). U. Chicago (1948).^http://medievalwriting.50megs.com/decoration/seal6.htm Medieval Writing^ ""Archived copy"". Archived from the original on 8 October 2006. Retrieved 23 November 2006. Corpus Vitrearum Medii Aevi - Browne's Chapel^http://medievalwriting.50megs.com/decoration/seal6.htm%7C Medieval Writing^ ""merchant's mark"", House of Names^ http://spencer.lib.ku.edu/sc/ptrsmark.shtml University of Kansas Libraries. Kenneth Specer Research Library. Special Collections.^ D. Christison, ""The Carvings and Inscriptions on the Kirkyard Monuments of the Scottish Lowlands; particularly in Perth, Fife, Angus, Mearns, and Lothian,"" in Proceedings of the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland, Volume 36 (1901-02): Fig. 114, p. 117.^https://web.archive.org/web/20091027143019/http://www.geocities.com/mjshah.geo/scinde/scinde.html Scinde District Dawks - The Premier Stamps of Asia^ C. G. Homeyer: Die Haus- und Hofmarken, Berlin 1870, Tuve Skånberg: Glömda gudstecken. Från fornkyrklig dopliturgi till allmogens bomärken (2003) under Creative Commons BY-NC-ND 2.5 licens Lund 2003, Anders Bjønnes : Segltegninger fra hyllingene i Norge 1591 og 1610, Oslo 2010.^ ""Scinde District Dawks - The Premier Stamps of Asia"", excerpted by M. J. Shah from Manik Jain and S. B. Kothari, The Silver Key to The Golden Treasure of Indian Philately.^ East India Company coin 1791, half pice, as illustrated. Categories: Symbols Brand management Personal identification Trademarks "