what is an nslookup

NSlookup is a useful suite of tools for looking at DNS records. While the ping command can only look at A records, the NSlookup command allows you to question your domains nameserver's, and find out much more information regarding your domains DNS.

NSLookup explained

NSLookup explained What is NSLookup and how do I use it?

Difficulty Intermediate How long will it take me? Around 2 minutes What will I need? An internet connection How can it help me? NSLookup is useful for checking certain subdomains exist on your domain name, such as ftp.<your domain name> or shop.<your domain name>. It can also be used to check multiple MX (email) records to ensure email is getting routed correctly. NSLookup is also a useful tool if a domain name is not pointing to our nameserver's, as you can gain DNS information without the need to contact the owner of the nameserver's. Open a Command Prompt window You will need to open a Command Prompt window to use the NSLookup command. It is also available for Mac and Linux users in the Terminal. The process is slightly different depending upon which version of Windows you are using. Windows Vista, Windows 7, Windows 8 and Windows 10Click the Windows button in the bottom left corner of the screen. Enter cmd into the search box and press the <enter> key on your keyboard. All other versions of Windows Click Start, then Run. A new text box will appear. Enter cmd into this box and click OK. Syntax To open the NSLookup tool, type the following at the command prompt and press <enter> on your keyboard.nslookup Using NSLookup Querying a domain name To perform a DNS lookup, simply enter the domain or subdomain you would like to query and press <enter> on your keyboard. For example ralphsdomainname.com or ftp.ralphsdomainname.com. Changing the query type The set type command will let you query a particular type of DNS record. For example, if you wanted to check the MX (mail) records for a particular domain, you would enter the following command:set type=mx You can now perform another nslookup on the domain name. This time only MX records will be returned.ralphsdomainname.com In this example, the MX record for ralphsdomainname.com points to mailserver.ralphsdomainname.com, which has an A record that points to the IP address 213.171.216.66. Changing the server When you first start NSLookup it will query your local DNS server. This is likely to be your router or Internet Service Provider's DNS servers. As a result, you may not also receive accurate results, as the server you are querying may not exist in your local DNS server. NSLookup allows you to change the nameserver you query, to ensure you query a nameserver from which you are guaranteed to get an accurate result. If you query the nameserver listed against the domain name you will receive an authoritative answer, because the nameserver has authority over the DNS for the domain name. Start by retrieving the nameserver's for the domain name by using the set type command and then querying the domain.set type=ns ralphsdomainname.com The results show that ralphsdomainname.com has two nameserver's, ns1.livedns.co.uk and ns2.livedns.co.uk. We can now use NSlookup to query one of those authoritative nameserver's for this domain name.server ns1.livedns.co.uk Using set type, change the the record type you want to lookup (for example A record, MX record). In this example we shall retrieve the A records for the domain.set type=a And finally, query the domain name.ralphsdomainname.com These results show that the ralphsdomainname.com A record has an IP address of 213.171.219.4 according to the nameserver ns1.livedns.co.uk. Useful commands The following commands can be used within NSlookup. Command Descriptionname Displays information about the host/domain name using the default server.name name2 As above, but uses the value entered for name2 as the server to query.help Displays information on common commands and their syntax. You can also type ? to view the same list.set option Set an option. See the table below for a list of options.server name Set the default server to name using the current details server.root Set the current default server to root.-a List canonical names and addresses.-d List all records.-t type Displays information about the host/domain name using the default serverexit Exit NSLookup. Common options for the set command Option Descriptionall Displays all current values for set, along with current server, and host. [no]debug Displays debugging information. [no]d2 Displays detailed debugging information. [no]defname Appends domain name to each query. [no]recurse Asks for a recursive answer to the query. [no]search Use domain search list. [no]vc Always use a virtual circuit.domain= name Set default domain name to name.root= name Set the root server to name.retry= x Set the number of retries to the value specified in x.timeout= x Set the initial timeout interval to x seconds.type= x Set the query type (for example A, ANY, CNAME, MX, NS, PTR, SOA, SRV etc).class= x Set the query class (IN, ANY). Where applicable, [no] is optional and can be used to reverse the option meaning. For example, use set debug to display debugging information, or set nodebug to remove debugging information. Further help For a full list of commands and options in NSLookup, simply enter the client and type help (or? ). The following website provides advice on getting to know and use NSLookup. Microsoft Help and Support - Using NSlookup.exe: https://technet.microsoft.com/en-gb/library/cc725991.aspx Let our contributors know how much they helped you. Notify Me when an update is made to this article. This article was last updated on 11/04/2018 08.54 AMRelated Answers Nameservers explained Setting up DNS A records Traceroute explained Ping explained Adding additional Nameservers to Plesk 12


what are aneurysm

An aneurysm is the enlargement of an artery caused by weakness in the arterial wall. Often there are no symptoms, but a ruptured aneurysm can lead to fatal complications. An aneurysm refers to a weakening of an artery wall that creates a bulge, or distention, of the artery. Most aneurysms do not show symptoms and are not dangerous.

Causes and treatments of aneurysm

"Newsletter MNT - Hourly Medical News Since 2003Search Log in Newsletter MNT - Hourly Medical News Since 2003Search Login Causes and treatments of aneurysm Last updated Tue 28 November 2017By Markus Mac Gill Reviewed by Seunggu Han, MDTypes Treatment Symptoms Causes Diagnosis Outlook Prevention

However, at their most severe stage, some can rupture, leading to life-threatening internal bleeding. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) advise that aortic aneurysms contribute to over 25,000 deaths in the United States (U. S.) each year. Around 30,000 brain aneurysms rupture in the U. S. each year. An estimated 40 percent of these cases cause death within 24 hours. Fast facts on aneurysms Aneurysms affect a variety of arteries. The most significant aneurysms affect the arteries supplying the brain and the heart. An aortic aneurysm affects the body's main artery. The rupture of an aneurysm causes internal bleeding. The risk of an aneurysm developing and rupturing varies between individuals. Smoking and high blood pressure are major risk factors for the development of an aneurysm. Some types of aneurysm may need surgical treatment to prevent rupture. Doctors will only operate on others if they are life-threatening. Types The rupture of an aneurysm can be fatal. Aneurysms are classified by their location in the body. The arteries of the brain and heart are the two most common sites of a serious aneurysm. The bulge can take two main shapes: Fusiform aneurysms bulge all sides of a blood vessel Saccular aneurysms bulge only on one side The risk of rupture depends on the size of the bulge. Aortic aneurysm The aorta is the large artery that begins at the left ventricle of the heart and passes through the chest and abdominal cavities. The normal diameter of the aorta is between 2 and 3 centimeters (cm) but can bulge to beyond 5 cm with an aneurysm. The most common aneurysm of the aorta is an abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA). This occurs in the part of the aorta that runs through the abdomen. Without surgery, the annual survival rate for an AAA of over 6 cm is 20 percent. AAA can rapidly become fatal, but those that survive the transfer to a hospital have a 50 percent chance of overall survival. Less commonly, a thoracic aortic aneurysm (TAA) can affect the part of the aorta running through the chest. TAA has a survival rate of 56 percent without treatment and 85 percent following surgery. It is a rare condition, as only 25 percent of aortic aneurysms occur in the chest. Cerebral aneurysm Aneurysms of the arteries that supply the brain with blood are known as intracranial aneurysms. Due to their appearance, they are also known as ""berry"" aneurysms. A ruptured aneurysm of the brain can be fatal within 24 hours. Forty percent of brain aneurysms are fatal, and around 66 percent of those who survive will experience a resulting neurological impairment or disability. Ruptured cerebral aneurysms are the most common cause of a type of stroke known as subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). Peripheral aneurysm An aneurysm can also occur in a peripheral artery. Types of peripheral aneurysm include: Popliteal aneurysm: This happens behind the knee. It is the most common peripheral aneurysm. Splenic artery aneurysm: This type of aneurysm occurs near the spleen. Mesenteric artery aneurysm: This affects the artery that transports blood to the intestines. Femoral artery aneurysm: The femoral artery is in the groin. Carotid artery aneurysm: This occurs in the neck. Visceral aneurysm: This is a bulge of the arteries that supply blood to the bowel or kidneys. Peripheral aneurysms are less likely to rupture than aortic aneurysms. Treatment Not all cases of unruptured aneurysm need active treatment. When an aneurysm ruptures, however, emergency surgery is needed. Aortic aneurysm treatment options The doctor may monitor an unruptured aortic aneurysm, if no symptoms are evident. Medications and preventive measures may form part of conservative management, or they may accompany active surgical treatment. A ruptured aneurysm needs emergency surgery. Without immediate repair, patients have a low chance of survival. The decision to operate on an unruptured aneurysm in the aorta depends on a number of factors related to the individual patient and features of the aneurysm. These include:the age, general health, coexisting conditions and personal choice of the patientthe size of the aneurysm relative to its location in the thorax or abdomen, and the aneurysm's rate of growththe presence of chronic abdominal pain or risk of thromboembolism, as these may also necessitate surgery A large or rapidly growing aortic aneurysm is more likely to need surgery. There are two options for surgery:open surgery to fit a synthetic or stent graftendovascular stent-graft surgery. In endovascular surgery, the surgeon accesses the blood vessels through a small incision near the hip. Stent-graft surgery inserts an endovascular graft through this incision using a catheter. The graft is then positioned in the aorta to seal off the aneurysm. In an open AAA repair, a large incision is made in the abdomen to expose the aorta. A graft can then be applied to repair the aneurysm. Endovascular surgery for the repair of aortic aneurysms carries the following risks:bleeding around the graftbleeding before or after the procedureblockage of the stentnerve damage, resulting in weakness, pain or numbness in the legkidney failurereduced blood supply to the legs, kidneys or other organserectile dysfunctionunsuccessful surgery that then needs further open surgeryslippage of the stent Some of these complications, such as bleeding around the graft, will lead to further surgery. Cerebral aneurysm treatment options A ruptured intracerebral aneurysm will usually need emergency surgery. In the case of a brain aneurysm, the surgeon will normally operate only if there is a high risk of rupture. The potential risk of brain damage resulting from surgical complications is too great. As for AAA, the likelihood of a rupture depends on the size and location of the aneurysm. Instead of surgery, patients receive guidance on how to monitor and manage the risk factors for a ruptured brain aneurysm, for example, monitoring blood pressure. If a ruptured cranial aneurysm results in a subarachnoid hemorrhage, surgery is likely. This is considered a medical emergency. This procedure would aim to close off the ruptured artery in the hope of preventing another bleed. Symptoms Most aneurysms are clinically silent. Symptoms do not usually occur unless an aneurysm ruptures. However, an unruptured aneurysm may still obstruct circulation to other tissues. They can also form blood clots that may go on to obstruct smaller blood vessels. This is a condition known as thromboembolism. It can lead to ischemic stroke or other serious complications. Aneurysms are generally symptomless, but their complications can cause severe chest pain. Rapidly growing abdominal aneurysms are sometimes associated with symptoms. Some people with abdominal aneurysms report abdominal pain, lower back pain, or a pulsating sensation in the abdomen. Similarly, thoracic aneurysms can affect nearby nerves and other blood vessels, potentially causing swallowing and breathing difficulties, and pain in the jaw, chest, and upper back. Symptoms can also relate to the cause of an aneurysm rather than the aneurysm itself. For example, in the case of an aneurysm caused by vasculitis, or blood vessel inflammation, a person may experience fever, malaise, or weight loss. Complications The first signs of a previously undetected aneurysm could be complications upon rupture. Symptoms tend to result from a rupture rather than the aneurysm alone. Most people living with an aneurysm do not experience any complications. However, in addition to thromboembolism and rupture of the aorta, complications can include: Severe chest or back pain: Severe chest or back pain may arise following the rupture of an aortic aneurysm in the chest. Angina: Certain types of aneurysm can lead to angina, another type of chest pain. Angina can lead to myocardial ischemia and heart attack. A sudden extreme headache: If a brain aneurysm leads to SAH, the main symptom is a sudden, severe headache. Any rupture of an aneurysm may cause pain, low blood pressure, a rapid heart rate, and lightheadedness. Most people with an aneurysm will not experience any complications. What is a subarachnoid hemorrhage? A subarachnoid hemorrhage can result from an aneurysm. Find out more about what this is. Read now Causes An aneurysm can happen in any part of the body. Blood pressure can more easily distend a weakened arterial wall. Further research is necessary to confirm why an artery wall weakens to cause an aneurysm. Some aneurysms, though less common, are present from birth as an arterial defect. Aortic dissection Aortic dissection is one identifiable cause of an aortic aneurysm. The arterial wall has three layers. Blood can burst through a tear in the weakened wall of the artery, splitting these layers. It can then fill the cavity surrounding the heart. If the tear occurs on the innermost layer of the arterial wall, blood channels into and weakens the wall, increasing the risk of rupture. People with aortic dissection often describe abrupt and excruciating chest pain. This pain can travel as the dissection progresses along the aorta. It may, for example, radiate to the back. Dissection leads to compression. Compression prevents blood from returning to the heart. This is also known as a pericardial tamponade. Risk factors There are some lifestyle choices and physical characteristics that can increase the chance of an aneurysm.smoking tobaccohypertension, or high blood pressurepoor dietinactive lifestyleobesity Smoking is by far the most common risk factor, especially in cases of AAA. Tobacco use has been shown not only to increase cardiovascular disease and the risk of an aneurysm but also increase the risk of rupture once an aneurysm has taken effect. Diagnosis Aneurysms often remain undetected. Screening aims to identify people who need monitoring or treatment. The US Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) recommends ultrasound screening for signs of AAA for all men aged 65 to 75 years who have smoked 100 cigarettes or more in their lives. The taskforce does not recommend routine screening for women, whether they have smoked or not, as women have a lower risk of AAA. If symptoms appear, an MRI scan can identify an aneurysm that has not yet ruptured. CT scans are usually preferred for ruptured aneurysms, especially if there is a risk of bleeding on the brain. In cases of a severe or ruptured aneurysm in the brain or heart that needs emergency surgery, an angiogram can identify the exact area in need of repair. A catheter is inserted into a blood vessel in the thigh, under local anesthetic, and the catheter is then threaded through to the relevant part of the body. The doctor applies a dye, helping to identify the area of the heart or brain that needs treatment. Outlook A person can live with an unruptured aneurysm and not notice it. However, if it bursts, it can be life-threatening. It can lead to:hemorrhagic strokehydrocephaluscomavasospasmlong- or short-term brain damage Vasospasm is the main cause of disability or death following a burst aneurysm. Factors affecting the chance of making a full recovery include the type and extent of the aneurysm, the overall health of the person before it ruptured, and how quickly they receive treatment. Around 40 percent of cases of ruptured aneurysm will be fatal within the first 24 hours. In up to 25 percent of people, complications will be fatal within 6 months. Prevention Preventing an aneurysm is not always possible, as some are congenital, meaning they are present from birth. However, some lifestyle choices can affect the risk: Smoking is a risk factor for both aortic aneurysms and the rupture of an aneurysm anywhere in the body. Quitting smoking can reduce the risk of a severe aneurysm. Managing blood pressure can also minimize the risk of an aneurysm. Healthful blood pressure can be achieved through dietary measures, regular exercise, and medications. Obesity can put extra pressure on the heart, so taking these steps is important for reducing stress on the artery walls. A healthful diet can also reduce cholesterol and decrease the risk of atherosclerosis. Fusiform aneurysms are often linked to atherosclerosis. Anyone diagnosed with an aneurysm and prescribed a conservative treatment plan can work with a healthcare practitioner to address any risk factors. Related coverage After Five Years, Coiled Aneurysm Has A Better Death Rate Than Clipped, But Bleeding Risk Is Slightly Higher An article published Online First and in the May edition of The Lancet Neurology by Dr Andrew Molyneux and Richard Kerr, Neurovascular and Neuroradiology Research Unit, John Radcliffe... Read now Coronary heart disease: What you need to know A look at coronary heart disease. We give an overview of primary causes, common symptoms, and effective treatments. Learn more about these diseases here. Read now Stroke vs. Aneurysm: What is the Difference? What is a stroke, what is an aneurysm, and are they connected? Learn about the telltale symptoms, risk factors and how they may be treated. Read now Ascending aortic aneurysm: What you need to know What are the causes and risk factors of an ascending aortic aneurysm? What are the different types, how is it diagnosed and can it be prevented? Read now What's to know about atherosclerosis? Atherosclerosis is a condition where the arteries become hardened and narrowed because of an excessive accumulation of plaque around the vessel wall. Read nowemailshare Cardiovascular / Cardiology Emergency Medicine Stroke Vascular Additional information Article last updated by Yvette Brazier on Tue 28 November 2017. Visit our Cardiovascular / Cardiology category page for the latest news on this subject, or sign up to our newsletter to receive the latest updates on Cardiovascular / Cardiology. All references are available in the References tab. References Citations Spotlight on: Cardiovascular / Cardiology What is blood pressure? How is it measured? How To Check Your Pulse What Is Heart Rate? What are diastole and systole in blood pressure? Popular in: Cardiovascular / Cardiology Death risk increased with two blood pressure drugs This supplement may promote healthy arterial aging How do you lower your resting heart rate? Could coffee stop clogged arteries? What is a left atrial enlargement? Popular news Editorial articles All news topics Knowledge center Your MNTLog in or sign up Newsletters Share our content About us Our editorial team Contact us Advertise with MNTget our newsletter Health tips, wellness advice and more. Subscribe Your privacy is important to us. Healthline Media UK Ltd, Brighton, UK.© 2004-2018 All rights reserved. MNT is the registered trade mark of Healthline Media. Any medical information published on this website is not intended as a substitute for informed medical advice and you should not take any action before consulting with a healthcare professional. Privacy | Terms | Ad policy | Careers "


sustained contraction is also called what

A sustained contraction is called muscle tetanus. Muscles are stimulated to contract by signals from motor neurons connected to the central nervous system. Muscle tetanus occurs when the muscle receives a high frequency of stimulation.

What Is a Sustained Contraction Called?

"Science Human Anatomy Muscles Q: What Is a Sustained Contraction Called? A: Quick Answer

Continue Reading Keep Learning What Is an Isotonic Contraction? How Do Muscles Respond to Exercise? What Is the Difference Between Tonic Muscles and Phasic Muscles? Full Answer The force and frequency of the stimulation from the central nervous system and the type of muscle fiber receiving the stimulation all affect the intensity and duration of the muscle contraction. The force and frequency of the stimulation from the central nervous system and the type of muscle fiber receiving the stimulation all affect the intensity and duration of the muscle contraction. Sustained contractions can result in muscle fatigue, inhibiting muscle response to further stimulation. Weak muscle fibers are more likely to fatigue. Learn more about Muscles Sources: umbc.edu Related Questions Q: What Is Wave Summation? A: Wave summation is an increase in muscle contraction strength based on how rapidly a muscle is stimulated. Wave summation occurs because muscles that are ra... Full Answer >Filed Under: Muscles Q: What Are Dynamic and Static Contractions? A: A static (or isometric) contraction occurs when a muscle generates force while the joint angle remains the same. An example would be what happens when a pe... Full Answer >Filed Under: Muscles Q: What Is Motor Unit Summation? A: Motor unit summation is the build-up of the myoelectrical signals of the active motor unit during continuous, sustained muscle contraction. Sustained contr... Full Answer >Filed Under: Muscles Q: How Does a Skeletal Muscle Twitch Differ From a Tetanic Contraction? A: A skeletal muscle twitch is shorter than a tetanic contraction, according to Dr. Paul Deeble of Mary Baldwin College. A twitch contraction is a short, jerk... Full Answer >Filed Under: Muscles You May Also Like Q: What Is the Inguinal Ligament? Q: What Muscles Support the Lower Back? Q: What Is ""quiet Inspiration"" and What Is ""quiet Expiration""? Q: What Is a Monosynaptic Reflex? Q: Which Muscle Flexes the Shoulder Joint? Q: Which Muscle Flexes the Knee Joint? "


unemployment rate honolulu hawaii

VIEWThe unemployment rate in Honolulu, Hawaii, is 3.60%, with job growth of 2.02%. Future job growth over the next ten years is predicted to be 40.43%. Honolulu, Hawaii Taxes Honolulu, Hawaii,sales tax rate is 4.50%. Income tax is 8.25%.

Economy

Economy Download .xls ECONOMY OVER

Honolulu, Hawaii Income and Salaries The income per capita is $31,146, which includes all adults and children. The median household income is $60,548. Percent INCOME BY POPULATION PERCENT11.1 % 11.1 %4 % 4 %8.7 % 8.7 %8.7 % 8.7 %8.7 % 8.7 %8.4 % 8.4 %10.9 % 10.9 %13.2 % 13.2 %14.8 % 14.8 %5.8 % 5.8 %5.7 % 5.7 %8.1 % 8.1 %2.8 % 2.8 %6.9 % 6.9 %7.2 % 7.2 %7.8 % 7.8 %7.4 % 7.4 %10.7 % 10.7 %14.5 % 14.5 %19.4 % 19.4 %8.3 % 8.3 %6.9 % 6.9 %9.3 % 9.3 %3.5 % 3.5 %7.7 % 7.7 %7.5 % 7.5 %8 % 8 %7.7 % 7.7 %10.7 % 10.7 %14.3 % 14.3 %17.9 % 17.9 %7.3 % 7.3 %6.1 % 6.1 %12.6 % 12.6 %5.4 % 5.4 %10.4 % 10.4 %9.8 % 9.8 %8.8 % 8.8 %7.9 % 7.9 %9.9 % 9.9 %12.2 % 12.2 %13 % 13 %5 % 5 %5 % 5 %Honolulu Honolulu Metro Hawaii State United Statesunder $15k over $200k ECONOMY Honolulu, Hawaii United States Unemployment Rate$31,146 $28,555Household Income$75,288 $65,443POPULATION BY OCCUPATIONAgriculture, forestry, fishing, hunting 0.29% 1.35%Mining, quarrying, oil and gas extraction 0.03% 0.61%Construction2.84% 10.41%Wholesale trade 2.32% 2.72%Retail trade 12.53% 11.55%


what is the weather in vi

On any given day during August in the Virgin Islands, you can expect early morning temperatures to be around 82.8 degrees. Temperatures in the Virgin Islands typically rise during the day, to an average of 88.1 degrees in the early afternoon. By early evening, temperatures in the Virgin Islands generally decline to around 81.2 degrees. Temperatures in the Virgin Islands average around 84.8 degrees during August.

Weather in the USVI in August

An afternoon shower may be just the thing to break up the midday heat. August, one of the hottest months of the year, August is also a middle month when considering severe tropical weather, which does make its way across the Atlantic this time of year. However, such powerful storms are more likely to hit the U. S. coast than the Virgin Islands. Vacationers may experience a slight weather variation from these averages, which are based on St. Thomas' observations. Typical Weather in August August temperatures in the Virgin Islands range from an average low of 79.0 degrees to an average high of 89.0 degrees The Virgin Islands in August: Key Facts Monthly Averages High Low Rainfall (inches) No. of Days with Rain89.0° F 79.0° F N. A. 5.0

August Temperatures in The Virgin Islands by Time of Day Early Morning Late Morning Early Afternoon Late Afternoon Early Evening Overall82.8° F 87.3° F 88.1° F 85.5° F 81.2° F 84.8° FRain During August, rain is most likely to occur around 2:00 PM , and least likely to occur around 5:00 PM . In the Virgin Islands during August, thunderstorms -- when they occur -- are most likely sometime around 2:00 PM . August Rainfall in The Virgin Islands by Time of Day Percent Frequencies of Hourly Observations Hour Rain and/or Drizzle Thunder- storms2:00 AM # #5:00 AM # #8:00 AM 2.3 % 0.2 %11:00 AM 2.6 % 0.3 %2:00 PM 3.1 % 1.3 %5:00 PM 1.6 % 0.5 %8:00 PM 2.3 % 1 %11:00 PM 2.3 % 0.8 %ALL 2.4 % 0.7 %


when was jim vance funeral

James (Jim) Vance, 66James (Jim) Vance was born April 7, 1947 in Mexico City, Mexico, son of Helen K. Vance and the late C. Reed Vance. Jim died at Inova Alexandria Hospital on July 11, 2013. He was 66. Jim's family moved to Sierra Vista, Arizona, where he graduated from Buena High School in 1966.

He enlisted in the Army October 25, 1968 and served until August 20, 1971. He received the National Defense Service Medal, Vietnam Service Medal and the Vietnam Campaign Medal. He was fluent in Spanish, English and Vietnamese. Jim received a Bachelor's of Computer Science at the University of Arizona in 1975. Jim and his brother Bobby went to work in Prudhoe Bay on the Alaska pipeline, where he worked for many years. Jim joined the civil service at Ft. Richardson, in Anchorage, Alaska and lived there for fifteen years. Jim met his wife, Shirley in Atlanta, Georgia, January 1996. They were married May 1, 1998 in La Plata, Maryland. They moved to River Ridge, Woodbridge, Virginia in 2003. Jim retired from the Army CI0, G-6 in October 2010. He worked until his death at the US Investigations Services, Professional Services, Division, Inc., Springfield, Virginia. He loved working and was dedicated to his jobs and taking on new challenges. He was predeceased by his father, C. Reed Vance. The family who cherished him, whom he left behind includes his wife, Shirley Vance, stepsons, Paul J. Fuchs III, Kevin S. Fuchs; daughter, Amber B. Watkins; mother, Helen K. Vance; brother Robert (Bobby) Vance; sisters, Kathleen A. Ritchie and Helen C. Kowalczyk; sisters-in-law, Catherine Vance, Patsy Colborn and Barbara Adams; brothers-in-law, Ken Kowalczyk, Steve Ritchie, Paul Colborn and Richard Adams as well as numerous nieces and nephews. Jim was a faithful man of God, very generous and caring. He loved his wife, family and his dogs (Georgia and Bella). Jim had a great sense of humor, loved to cook, enjoyed golfing and watching the Lakers play basketball. He will be missed greatly and we give thanks to God for all that he has meant to us. A memorial service will be held at Miller Funeral Home, 3200 Golansky Blvd., Woodbridge, VA 22192 on July 18, 2013 at 3:00 p.m. Following the service will be a Celebration of Life at the Clubhouse at River Ridge, 12410 Clipper Drive, Lake Ridge, VA 22192 at 5:00 p.m. Memorial donations may be made to the Good Shepherd United Methodist Church, 14999 Birchdale Avenue, Woodbridge, VA 22193._____________________________________Send a note of sympathy for this person


what are the main of functions of the skin

Functions of the Skin. The skin and the various glands connected with it form a complex organism with functions of great importance in the work which the body has to do. These functions may be classified as protective, sensory, respiratory, heat-regulating, and secretory. The skin protects the body from injuries from without and also acts as a guard against a too rapid loss of the liquids and heat from within.

The Skin: Functions of the Skin

"» Home » Medical History »The Skin: Functions of the Skin By Roger I. Lee | Medical History | Rating:

Thus the skin protects the muscles, nerves, and blood vessels from such dangers as might be caused by blows or pressure, as well as from the injurious effects of high and low temperatures. As the skin forms a sensory covering to the body, it conveys the sensations of pressure, temperature, and pain so that the body may adapt itself to changes in its environment. The skin aids the lungs in their work of respiration and, like the lungs, throws off water and carbon dioxide, and absorbs oxygen. The respiratory work done by the skin, however, is only a minute fraction of that which the lungs do. The heat-regulating function of the skin is its most important work. In this the skin is aided by the two million or more sweat-glands which are distributed over almost the entire surface of the body. The skin and the sweat-glands together serve to keep the blood at an even temperature, either by giving off heat or in preventing this process in case the outside air is too cool. The body temperature is, as a rule, higher than that of the outside air so that heat is generally being given off by the skin. We are perspiring constantly, but usually to such a slight extent that we hardly notice the fact. The amount of heat which is thrown off at any time is proportional to the amount of the body surface. Through exercise the amount of heat is increased and sweat is produced and given off. Thus sweating is merely another method of getting rid of heat. The body becomes too hot, either through an increased burning of food and tissue within, or because of increased heat outside. In either case sweat is produced and collects on the skin. It is estimated that fifteen per cent of the total heat of the body is given off through the skin, and ten per cent by the lungs. The condition of the air influences the amount of work which the sweat-glands do and the amount of perspiration thrown off. If the air is full of moisture, the perspiration does not evaporate and the heat becomes excessive. If the air is dry, the perspiration evaporates rapidly and the body is cooled. Over one liter, or one quart, of perspiration is thrown off by the skin every twenty-four hours. While the skin and its glands keep the heat of the body well regulated, the changes of climate are so great that animals are provided with hair for further protection against the changes in temperature. On the other hand, man uses clothes for this purpose. Perspiration may be caused by other things than by heat and exercise. The nervous system is an important factor, as the ""cold sweat"" of fright shows. The sweat and sebaceous glands are the secretory glands of the skin, which secrete the water and fats that the skin needs very badly to keep it lubricated and in a working condition. This fat or grease is furnished by the sebaceous glands. If a person has greasy hair, it means that the sebaceous glands of the hair have an over-secretion of grease. These glands form an additional layer of fat on the surface of the skin, and the oily substance from them protects the skin from losing a large quantity of heat. The proper hygiene of the skin depends upon a wise selection of food, a proper amount of exercise, careful attention to bathing, and suitable clothing. The functions of the skin may be impeded by neglect of any of these essentials, but absolute cleanliness is, perhaps, the most imperative of all. Clothing. The matter of clothes is not one of vital moment in the care of the health. Clothes were not originally intended for the purpose of keeping warm, but rather to increase the sexual attractiveness of the individual. As we have become civilized, however, we have lost sight of the original idea of clothes, and they are now worn as a matter of decency and to keep the body warm. As an important function of air is to act as a cooling apparatus, clothes should never interfere with this. Clothes should be sufficiently loose to allow a reasonable circulation of air around the body. This means that the air should have free access to the skin, and that all outer clothes should be loose and porous. Tight clothes interfere with the normal functions of the parts of the body which they cover. We are coming to realize more and more the benefits of wearing as few clothes as possible, and only the minimum amount that will secure warmth should be worn. In selecting clothing to be worn for the preservation of heat, it should be remembered that certain colors attract, while others reflect heat. Black absorbs heat to the greatest extent, and white the least. The more nearly white the clothes the better. Wool makes the most desirable articles of clothing, for it is not only warm but it also absorbs moisture,—an important point. But as woolen cloth does not give off moisture rapidly, it is undesirable for underclothing, as the retained perspiration works to the disadvantage of the skin. Cotton cloth is preferable during hot weather, as it does not keep the body warm, and, being thin, allows a proper circulation of air. All animal coverings are warm, due to the fact that in addition to the highly impervious skin layer there is also considerable air in the mesh of the coat. The same result may be obtained with layers of paper, for with the air spaces between the layers, there is little conduction of heat. It is perhaps unnecessary to add that clothing should be kept clean and well aired. Damp clothing aids the growth of micro-organisms and, helped by the heat of the body, favors the development of parasitic skin diseases. Bathing. The presence of perspiration and grease from the glands makes it imperative that the skin be cleaned carefully in order that it may freely perform its functions. The relation of baths to health is a curious one, for we cannot say that baths are absolutely essential to health. To a certain extent it is true that bathing is largely for cosmetic purposes and only indirectly for purposes of hygiene. The hands, the face, and finger nails, however, must be washed with care, especially before meals and before food is prepared. This rids the surface of the skin of any kind of infection which may be present. Neglect of such precautions is responsible for the spread of various bacterial and parasitic diseases. Soap dissolves the products of the glands, which may remain on the skin and which may prevent their doing their proper work. A cold bath has a stimulating effect on the body. It sends the blood to the skin, increases the heart action, warms the body, and gives a good circulation of blood throughout the body. This means that the cold bath has stimulated the metabolism of the body in every way. But the value of the cold bath should not be over-emphasized—it is simply a method of stimulation. If the cold bath is too prolonged or too cold, the body is chilled and the heat-regulating mechanism is disturbed with possible bad effects. Some persons are easily affected by cold baths,—their systems do not react, so that cold baths are harmful to them. A warm bath, on the contrary, acts as a sedative. It is slightly warmer than the body and so relieves the work of the body for a time. The most important thing about all baths is the securing of personal cleanliness, which is best obtained by the use of hot water and soap. It should be remembered, however, that a prolonged hot bath which disturbes the heat-regulating mechanism is harmful. Under ordinary conditions the skin remains smooth and requires little real attention. The natural moisture and oil provided by the glands keep it lubricated and soft. Still the skin may be disturbed in a number of ways. One is by mechanical conditions such as heat and cold. Burns illustrate the effect of too great heat, while the effects of cold run all the way from chapped hands to the freezing of different parts of the body. The Skin and Diet. There is considerable controversy over the effect of diet upon the skin, but there is no question that it has a certain influence. When people take an insufficient amount of water, the skin becomes too dry. Then in the case of an abnormal skin diet plays a considerable part. The classical example is the satiny skin, the pimples, and the red nose as the result of alcoholic excess. Such effects, however, should be regarded as the result of the use of a poison. Drugs, which should always be regarded as poisons, cause skin trouble. Among such drugs are potassium iodide and potassium bromide. Even quinine may cause a skin rash. Furthermore, it is known that constipation causes a muddy skin or acne. We may also take in certain poisons in our food, which cause skin trouble. In the case of anaphylaxis, where certain individuals are susceptible to definite kinds of food, one of the evidences of the poison is the rash known as the hives. Of course the avoidance of that kind of food is the treatment in such a case. Disturbances of the Skin. Pimples, or acne, is caused by a disorder of the sebaceous glands. Usually there is first an overactivity of the glands, and, subsequently, some infection of them. The evidence of this disease is the familiar greasy, dull brownish skin, with pimples, blackheads, and pustules. It is especially striking that acne is prevalent just at the time or just after the time of reaching puberty. This is due to the increased activity and growth of the hair on the body and face at that period of growth. With the development of hair follicles comes the development of the sebaceous glands, but in young women the sebaceous glands of the face may become overactive without an increase of hair. This abnormal activity or restlessness of the skin is greatly increased by poor habits of hygiene. Probably much of this trouble comes through a badly regulated diet. At any rate people are aware that so long as they keep in good condition and take good care of themselves there is little likelihood of acne. In other words, ordinary hygiene, a reasonable diet, regular meals, regular hours, and the scrupulous care of the bowels, is the best prevention and cure of acne. Local applications under medical supervision are, of course, of great value. Eczema causes approximately one-fifth of all the skin troubles. This condition of the skin is also known as salt rheum, and is characterized by a variety of appearances, perhaps most commonly by red, weeping surfaces, itchy, red pimples, and rough, thickened areas. We are ignorant of the exact cause of the disease and, consequently, there is no particular prevention. At present eczema is ascribed by some authorities to an inability to digest certain kinds of foods, which thus produce substances that come to the skin and irritate from within. It is probable that in some cases eczema has an association with the external irritation of the skin, and so care should be taken to protect the skin from scratching and other irritations. The treatment of eczema varies in different cases and should be placed under the care of a physician at the first appearance of the disease. Early treatment is imperative, for, in this stage, the disease yields readily, but, if it becomes deep-seated, it may be very difficult to eradicate. Associated with the sebaceous activity in acne, is another condition known as dandruff, and allied with that the condition known as baldness. Heredity plays a large part in producing baldness, and in certain families baldness occurs almost inevitably at an early age despite any and all treatment. This is probably due to the fact that the vigor of the hair dies out. Baldness is also caused by dandruff and a poor condition of the scalp. It is hardly necessary to say that the hair and head should be kept clean, but continual shampooing does more harm than good except in a few isolated cases. It is a safe rule never to put on the scalp anything but the simplest things, and shampooing at intervals of two or three weeks is usually sufficient to keep the hair in good condition. In certain families there is a tendency for the hair to turn gray or white at an early age. There is practically nothing that can be done to prevent this. Hair dyes should never be used. In case lead hair dyes are used there is an excellent chance of contracting lead poisoning, and, in any event, nearly all hair dyes injure the hair and irritate the scalp. Other inflammatory conditions of the skin—the various forms of dermatitis—are well known to everyone. The inflammation caused by poison ivy is a familiar form of dermatitis. Most people are susceptible to this poison, but certain individuals are more likely to be affected seriously than others. One attack of ivy poisoning seems to add to the susceptibility. The fuzz of brown-tail moths also causes an uncomfortable form of itching dermatitis. Furs which have been kept in preservatives also cause irritation, but this can be prevented by keeping the furs clean. A number of the disturbances of the skin are contagious. A common infection is the wart, although we do not know how the infection is carried nor what the cause may be. There have even been epidemics of warts in various schools. Numerous superstitions have arisen concerning warts—the lore of every boy and girl—due to the fact that warts disappear suddenly and with no apparent reason. There is no way to prevent warts except the ordinary prevention of any infection,—cleanliness. It is not always wise to have warts cut off or burned away with acid, for Nature will usually take care of them and then no unsightly scar remains. ""Red flap"" is an infection of the skin that is especially common on the athletic field. This starts between the legs or under the arm-pits as a seeming irritation. This is really an infection by a certain mold. Once started the contagion, which is easily carried by such articles as towels, may spread to all members of the athletic team. As it is contagious, it should be treated like any other contagion, that is by segregation of the individual sufferer. The prevention is by scrupulous cleanliness of body and clothes, and cleanly habits in the use of towels. Boils, another form of skin infection, are caused by a definite bacterium, the staphylococcus aureus. This is a pus-forming bacterium which occurs widely and often lurks on the surface of the skin. Once the bacterium gets into the skin it may be difficult to dislodge. Boils occur commonly on the back of the neck and there is a definite reason for this. The rubbing of the collar starts the trouble; then the germ gets into the skin, and a pimple is formed. If this pimple is irritated, the germs are spread still further, and a boil is formed. If the sufferer is particuarly unlucky, a carbuncle may result. The spreading of boils is extremely easy, but it is, nevertheless, due to gross carelessness. There is, of course, a degree of individual susceptibility. The avoidance of boils is simply a matter of strict personal hygiene and cleanliness, as well as the recognition of the fact that the germs may be spread all over the body and transmitted to others. The most frequent method of transmission of the germs is by the hands, and the conclusion here is the obvious one of scrupulous personal hygiene. Boils are a typical example of a skin infection which comes from a germ and finds an opening through an irritation of the skin. The ""seven years itch"" or scabies is another example of skin infection for which personal cleanliness is the only preventive. This condition causes much annoyance if it is not treated both immediately and drastically. It is popularly supposed that the ""seven years itch"" is a condition which does not occur in the higher conditions of society, but such is not the case. It is caused by a small animal parasite that burrows in the skin. That this itch spreads easily from person to person is shown by the tremendous prevalence of scabies in the armies of France during 1914 when bathing facilities were deficient. Other animal parasites, such as lice, which cause skin lesions, and other molds, such as ringworm, can be avoided by ordinary habits of cleanliness. Such personal cleanliness should include not only contact with other human beings, but also with the lower animals, for ringworm is often spread by the domestic animals. The treatment of these conditions is a matter for medical advice in each instance. Roger I. Lee Copyrighted material; do not reprint without permission. View all articles by Roger I. Lee How would you rate the quality of this article? Poor 1 2 3 4 5 Excellent ADD COMMENT Verification: Enter the security code shown below: Related Articles And Other Topics Nutritional and Health Benefits of Raw Cacao What Is Mentorship? And Why it Really Matters A Review of the 'Four Hour Workweek' – Is This Popular Self-Help Book the Answer to All Your Problems? Top Ways to Better Know Yourself An Introduction to Your Cells and How to Improve Cell Health Comments Comment #1 (Posted by Chelsey) Rating Cool!!!!!!!!!!! ! "


what is memcached

This post will focus on explaining what exactly Memcached is, how it works, and how you can install it to speed up your dynamic web applications. What is Memcached? Memcached is an open source distributed memory caching system. It is used for speeding up dynamic web applications by reducing database load. In other words, every time a database request is made it adds additional load to the server.

What is Memcached?

What is Memcached? Updated: November 8, 2017Having the proper caching mechanisms in place is one of the most important things you can do to speed up the delivery of your website’s assets. Caching ensures that assets are stored somewhere closer to the user so that latency incurred by distance is minimized. Learn more about the ins and outs of caching by checking out our cache definition and explanation guide. If you’re investigating what options are available when it comes to choosing a caching system, you may have come across Memcached.

Memcached reduces that load by storing data objects in dynamic memory (think of it as short-term memory for applications). Memcached stores data based on key-values for small arbitrary strings or objects including: Results of database calls API calls Page rendering Memcached is made up of four main components. These components allow the client and the server to work together in order to deliver cached data as efficiently as possible: Client software – Which is given a list of available Memcached servers A client-based hashing algorithm – Chooses a server based on the “key”Server software – Stores values and their keys into an internal hash table LRU – Determines when to throw out old data or reuse memory How Does Memcached Work? As mentioned above, Memcached is comprised of four main components and these components are what allows it to store and retrieve data. Each item is comprised of a key, expiration time, and raw data. At a high-level Memcached works as follows: The client requests a piece of data which Memcached checks to see if it is stored in cache There are two possible outcomes here: If the data is stored in cache: return the data from Memcached (no need to check the database)If the data isn’t stored in cache: query the database, retrieve the data, and subsequently store it in Memcached Whenever information is changed or the expiry value of an item has expired, Memcached updates its cache to ensure fresh content is delivered to the client A typical setup has various Memcached servers and many clients. Clients use a hashing algorithm to determine which Memcached storage server to use – this helps distribute the load. The server then computes a second hash of the key in order to determine where it should store the corresponding value in an internal hash table. A few important points about Memcached architecture include: Data is only sent to one server Servers don’t share data Servers keep values in RAM – if RAM runs out the oldest value is discarded Installing Memcached There are a few ways you can install Memcached. Depending on which system you’re using, the method will vary. As outlined on the official Memcached Installation Wiki, installation from a package is simple. If you’re using Debian or Ubuntu, use the following snippet:apt-get install memcached For Redhat/Fedora users, use the following:yum install memcached There are a few other ways to install Memcached which you may want to consider depending on your requirements as outlined in the Wiki. If you want to learn more configuration, usage, and maintenance of Memcached, it’s highly recommended that you check out their complete Wiki hosted on Github. Summary Memcached has been around for a while (since 2003) and is still used today to accelerate database queries for dynamic applications. If load times are of priority for you (which they should be) and you’d like to implement a tried-and-true caching solution for your application, consider giving Memcached a try. Related Articles Web Cache – a Simple Guide What is Cache Busting?#PERFMATTERSFree Test Account Supercharge your Website with Key CDN HTTP/2 - Free SSL - RESTful API - 29+ POPs - Instant Purge


define enquires

iry Enquiry vs Inquiry These days, the two terms are often used interchangeably. However, there is a difference between the two. Enquiry means to ask a question, and inquiry is a formal investigation. Yet another difference lies in the etymological source of the prefixes ‘en’ and ‘in’. ‘En’ comes from French, and ‘in’ from Latin.

Difference Between Enquiry and Inquiry

"Difference Between Enquiry and Inquiry• Categorized under Language | Difference Between Enquiry and Inqu

Inquiry has a formal and official ring to it, while enquiry is informal in its connotation. In general parlance, it is understood that enquire is to be used for ‘asking’, while inquire is what constitutes ‘making a formal investigation’. In reality though, enquiry is preferred in British English, whereas the Americans are more comfortable with inquiry. As a matter of fact, it is only in British English that any attention is paid to the distinction. In US and Australian English, inquiry has, for all practical purposes, taken over. Another way of distinguishing between the two terms, is to know the differences between the Enquiry Based System of Education (ECB) and the Inquiry Based System of Education (ICB). At the ECB, the students are encouraged to be naturally inquisitive and curious, and base their queries on their innate desire to learn. In the latter case, the focus is on conforming to the syllabus, and asking questions which assist with that task, while not paying too much attention to attaining pure knowledge. If you wanted to find a place where you could order your visiting cards, you would make enquiries with your friends or business associates. On the other hand, if a former employer of yours were to withhold your dues, you would get an inquiry instituted against him by the relevant authorities. In spite of there being a clear distinction in the meanings of the two terms, people, more often than not, use them interchangeably. You could say that enquiry is a request for truth, knowledge or information, whereas an inquiry is an investigation into something. For the common man, the two are the same, and he could use the two terms for the same thing, without a thought, and be well understood by everyone. People that are more erudite and aware, would perhaps be more careful with their choice of terms, and use the one that is appropriate for the occasion. However, in certain matters, such as an official inquiry ordered by a court of law, you would think twice before replacing inquiry with enquiry. Summary:1. Enquiry means asking a question, and inquiry is a formal investigation.2. The prefix ‘en’ comes from French, and ‘in’ from Latin.3. Enquiry is a request for truth, knowledge or information, whereas an inquiry is an investigation into something.4. Enquiry is preferred in British English, whereas the Americans are more comfortable with inquiry.5. In spite of there being a clear distinction in the meanings of the two terms, people often use them interchangeably. Facebook Pinterest Twitter Google+ Print Share Read More ESL Articles Search Difference Between.net : Custom Search Help us improve. Rate this post! ( 45 votes, average: 4.91 out of 5)Email This Post : If you like this article or our site. Please spread the word. Share it with your friends/family. Difference Between Inquiry and Query Differences between Enquiry and Investigation Difference Between Inquiry and Investigation Difference Between Towards and Toward Difference Between Despite and In Spite Difference Between American and British English Difference Between Data and Information Cite Manisha Kumar. ""Difference Between Enquiry and Inquiry."" Difference Between.net. June 8, 2016 < http://www.differencebetween.net/language/difference-between-enquiry-and-inquiry/ >. "


in what city lived nelson mandela

"'The Nobel Street' where Mandela and Tutu livedby Alex Court and Diane Mc Carthy, for CNNUpdated 5:53 AM ET, Tue February 24, 2015Photos: Soweto shines: tourism brings township boom Soweto shines: tourism brings township boom – Artwork at Freedom Square, the site of the adoption of the Freedom Charter in 1955 in Kliptown, Soweto. The Freedom Charter proclaims that ''South Africa belongs to all who live in it"" and was a major part of the anti-apartheid movement. Hide Caption 7 of 12Photos: Soweto shines: tourism brings township boom It was these protests, when demonstrators opposed the use of Afrikaans as the main teaching language in schools, which came to be known as the Soweto uprising. Some estimates say over 560 people were killed during the unrest. Hide Caption 8 of 12Photos: Soweto shines: tourism brings township boom Violence is still an issue in Soweto, and police responded to mass looting in the township as recently as January. Groups attacked businesses owned by foreigners after a teenager was killed by a Somali shop-keeper in the area. Hide Caption 9 of 12Photos: Soweto shines: tourism brings township boom This image of anti-apartheid activist Ruth First was painted on the side of a home in Soweto by Ben Slow. First was murdered by a parcel bomb while working in exile in Mozambique in 1978, and remains one of the most iconic figures of the country's struggle against the former regime. Hide Caption 10 of 12Photos: Soweto shines: tourism brings township boom Soweto shines: tourism brings township boom – Visitors and locals get transport from the Baragwanath minibus taxi rank in Soweto. Hide Caption 11 of 12Photos: Soweto shines: tourism brings township boom Soweto shines: tourism brings township boom – Union Avenue in the Kliptown area of Soweto is another bustling shopping street. Hide Caption 12 of 12Photos: Soweto shines: tourism brings township boom

1 of 12Photos: Soweto shines: tourism brings township boom Soweto shines: tourism brings township boom – Nobel laureate Archbishop Desmond Tutu also lived on Vilakazi Street in Soweto. Hide Caption 2 of 12Photos: Soweto shines: tourism brings township boom Originally the site of a coal fired power station, you can now bungee jump from the Orlando Towers in Soweto. Hide Caption 3 of 12Photos: Soweto shines: tourism brings township boom Soweto shines: tourism brings township boom – The Soweto theater in South Africa was designed by Afritects. The external and internal walls are sloped and curved for functionality as the service spaces on the upper floors required more space than the public ablutions on the ground floor. Hide Caption 4 of 12Photos: Soweto shines: tourism brings township boom Soweto shines: tourism brings township boom – With more than 200 stores, the Soweto shopping center, Maponya Mall, was opened in 2007 by Nelson Mandela. It is Soweto's first shopping mall and the first to be blacked-owned. Hide Caption 5 of 12Photos: Soweto shines: tourism brings township boom Soweto shines: tourism brings township boom – You can learn about Soweto's past as a centre of resistance at the Hector Pieterson memorial and museum off Vilakazi Street, named after a 12-year-old boy who was shot dead by police during a student protest in 1976. Hide Caption 6 of 12Photos: Soweto shines: tourism brings township boom Soweto shines: tourism brings township boom – Artwork at Freedom Square, the site of the adoption of the Freedom Charter in 1955 in Kliptown, Soweto. The Freedom Charter proclaims that ''South Africa belongs to all who live in it"" and was a major part of the anti-apartheid movement. Hide Caption 7 of 12Photos: Soweto shines: tourism brings township boom It was these protests, when demonstrators opposed the use of Afrikaans as the main teaching language in schools, which came to be known as the Soweto uprising. Some estimates say over 560 people were killed during the unrest. Hide Caption 8 of 12Photos: Soweto shines: tourism brings township boom Violence is still an issue in Soweto, and police responded to mass looting in the township as recently as January. Groups attacked businesses owned by foreigners after a teenager was killed by a Somali shop-keeper in the area. Hide Caption 9 of 12Photos: Soweto shines: tourism brings township boom This image of anti-apartheid activist Ruth First was painted on the side of a home in Soweto by Ben Slow. First was murdered by a parcel bomb while working in exile in Mozambique in 1978, and remains one of the most iconic figures of the country's struggle against the former regime. Hide Caption 10 of 12Photos: Soweto shines: tourism brings township boom Soweto shines: tourism brings township boom – Visitors and locals get transport from the Baragwanath minibus taxi rank in Soweto. Hide Caption 11 of 12Photos: Soweto shines: tourism brings township boom Soweto shines: tourism brings township boom – Union Avenue in the Kliptown area of Soweto is another bustling shopping street. Hide Caption 12 of 12Photos: Soweto shines: tourism brings township boom Nelson Mandela moved into this house in the Soweto area of Johannesburg in in 1946. He lived there until 1961 and then for 11 days after his release from Robben Island in 1990. Hide Caption 1 of 12Photos: Soweto shines: tourism brings township boom Soweto shines: tourism brings township boom – Nobel laureate Archbishop Desmond Tutu also lived on Vilakazi Street in Soweto. Hide Caption 2 of 12Photos: Soweto shines: tourism brings township boom Originally the site of a coal fired power station, you can now bungee jump from the Orlando Towers in Soweto. Hide Caption 3 of 12Photos: Soweto shines: tourism brings township boom Soweto shines: tourism brings township boom – The Soweto theater in South Africa was designed by Afritects. The external and internal walls are sloped and curved for functionality as the service spaces on the upper floors required more space than the public ablutions on the ground floor. Hide Caption 4 of 12Photos: Soweto shines: tourism brings township boom Soweto shines: tourism brings township boom – With more than 200 stores, the Soweto shopping center, Maponya Mall, was opened in 2007 by Nelson Mandela. It is Soweto's first shopping mall and the first to be blacked-owned. Hide Caption 5 of 12Photos: Soweto shines: tourism brings township boom Soweto shines: tourism brings township boom – You can learn about Soweto's past as a centre of resistance at the Hector Pieterson memorial and museum off Vilakazi Street, named after a 12-year-old boy who was shot dead by police during a student protest in 1976. Hide Caption 6 of 12Story highlights Business-owners in Soweto say tourism is helping the area transform Both Archbishop Desmond Tutu and Nelson Mandela have lived in the area4.3 million people visited Johannesburg in 2014As businesses grow more Soweto residents are joining the middle class CNN Marketplace Africa covers the macro trends impacting the region and also focuses on the continent's key industries and corporations (CNN) Not many streets have been home to a Nobel Laureate -- and even fewer have been home to two. Yet, Vilakazi Street in the heart of bustling Soweto has been exactly that, housing both South African leaders Archbishop Desmond Tutu and Nelson Mandela. And this claim to fame is paying dividends for current residents -- helping transform the area into a thriving business community. Here, visitors from all over the world walk past traditional dancers, hawkers and waiting taxis to visit the building that was Mandela's home when he walked free from prison on Robben Island in 1990. With its restaurants, boutiques and bars, this buzzing boulevard is no ordinary residential road. Surviving legacy For local entrepreneur Sakhumzi Maqubela, it was words spoken by the iconic freedom fighter that inspired him to open a restaurant in the area -- and provide employment for people in his community. ""Mandela used to fight with people that ever since there is black government people are complaining unemployment is high, the crime is high,"" Maqubela remembers. ""Mandela was saying, 'what are you doing in your own capacity to create jobs? '""JUST WATCHEDTownship tourism in South Africa Replay MUST WATCHTownship tourism in South Africa 06:40Maqubela left his job at a major bank to start the business in 2001. Back then, he had four employees, but now he employs 75 people to serve traditional local dishes and burgers to approximately 400 customers a day. ""Tourism business has grown a lot here,"" he says, ""especially after the 2010 World Cup -- we get tourists almost every day. ""Indeed, the number of visitors to Johannesburg as a whole has increased by 300,000 since 2010, according to the Mastercard Global Destination Cities Index. And the growth in visitors has led to more money being spent. The 4.3 million people who visited the city in 2014 spent $3.2 billion, up from the $3.1 billion tourists spent in 2012. Such economic realities are changing perceptions of Soweto, which has a poor and violent past. During the struggle against the brutal policies of apartheid, students and residents took to the township's streets in June 1976 to protest against the use of Afrikaans as the main teaching language in schools. Some estimates say over 560 people were killed during the countrywide unrest which followed. The episode shocked the world, and caused international governments to impose sanctions against South Africa. JUST WATCHEDSoweto a special part of Mandela's story Replay More Videos ... Soweto a special part of Mandela's story 01:36Among the dead was 12-year-old Hector Pieterson, who was shot by police in Soweto. A museum dedicated to the memory of the uprising, named after Pieterson, now stands close to the spot where the child was fatally injured. More recently, violence caused by other social issues has threatened to spoil Soweto's appeal. In January, a teenager accused of stealing died after being shot by a Somali shop owner. In the looting spree which followed, businesses owned by foreigners were targeted and police arrested at least 83 people and confiscated weapons. Emerging middle class Despite these issues, businesses like Maqubela's restaurant are seeing success on the back of a rising middle class. House prices have surged by as much as 300% since 2009, with certain areas becoming sought after. ""I was actually a little surprised by how nice (Soweto) is,"" says American tourist Annette Watley. ""I've done a township tour in Cape Town before, in Langa, so for me I was surprised by the number of restaurants and the industry that is going on. It feels like it is a separate city than Johannesburg. ""JUST WATCHEDYouth call Mandela revered, not relevant Replay More Videos ... Youth call Mandela revered, not relevant 02:14In April, local entrepreneurs will host the area's first technology conference, the Soweto Innovation Week, which is expected to attract over 400 attendees. ""There are many tech and digital innovators in the townships who just need that extra bit of inspiration,"" says Tefo Mohapi who has helped organize the event. ""We believe Soweto specifically has been ready [to host such an event] for years now. ""Businessman Thabo Modise is part of this emerging middle class and agrees with Mohapi. After opening his Shova Lifestyle Boutique on Vilakazi Street a year ago he says the future is bright. ""The location is a prime spot. Vilakazi as you know we are in local and international markets. It's an exposure to us even when we are looking forward to expand,"" he says. ""Shova means pushing, so we are pushing towards greatness, with a simple vision of transforming township into an upmarket economic powerhouse.""' Pockets and niches'But, while some are doing well, not all of Soweto's residents are so positive. ""The tourist stretch around the Mandela house is thriving, but it is one of the few areas that is doing well. There are pockets and niches,"" says local activist Trevor Ngwane who works with the grassroots group Soweto Electricity Crisis Committee. ""Overall in the township we are looking at a 30-40% rate of unemployment. It's quite uneven and even contradictory. ""Boutiques, restaurants and museums which tell the story of Soweto's apartheid struggle form the economic back bone of Vilakazi Street, but informal traders are also keeping busy. Brightly colored trinkets and souvenirs draw in tourists and help to grow a smaller economy. Their sales may be pennies for some, but it means international dreams for street performers like Eric Matshidiso and Thulo Medi. ""What we are willing is to see ourselves in overseas, promoting our music and dance,"" says Matshidiso. ""Maybe if we can go overseas we will get something that will put us up. So that people must recognize us. ""More from Marketplace Africa Read this: Johannesburg's crime hotspot transformed Read this: Cycling Soweto: 5 things you won't see from a car Content by Lending Tree Pay off your house with this insane trick Financially savvy people are refinancing in 2018Mortgage Payoff Trick Eliminates Up to 15 Years of Payments Experts are urging Americans to refinance in 20182018 Rates as Low as 2.75% (3.17% APR, 15 yr)Paid Partner Content Bankrate CD rates skyrocket - Lock in your rate today My Finance Two savings accounts that pay 10x what your bank pays The Motley Fool The key to our 10x stock picks The Motley Fool Bitcoin up 30,000X -- here's your backdoor in The Motley Fool$19.9 trillion idea hidden in plain sight "


what are pssa scores used for

s. Students' Terra Nova results are also used in determining admission to special admission high schools and middle schools. At the school level, principals and teachers may use Terra Nova or PSSA scores to identify students in need of extra help in reading or in math.

"focus on standardized tests, spring, april, 2003, theme articles, ayp, english language learners, nclb, special needs, standardized testing, special admit schools March 13, 2003 — 12:00am Frequently asked questions about standardized testingby the Notebookaaa-+How will standardized tests be used to make decisions about my child? The Terra Nova will be used by the School District as one factor in determining whether a child is promoted to the next grade at the end of 3rd and 8th grade

In addition, students scoring proficient or better in every subject area on the PSSA will be eligible to receive a special certificate from the state upon graduation, and in 2004, school districts will be required to place individual PSSA scores on students' transcripts. How will tests be used to make decisions about my child's schoo

l? The PSSA is used by the state to identify low-performing schools, such as the schools involved in the recent school reform efforts in Philadelphia. Schools' results on the PSSA and the Terra Nova may also be used by the School District to determine whether a school requires special help, additional resources, or other support. The School District is in the process of developing a school performance index that will likely incorporate scores on both the Terra Nova and the PSSA, combined with other indicators such as student and teacher attendance.

This index will track a school's progress and provide an opportunity to compare schools across the city. It is likely that the PSSA will be used in combination with the Terra Nova to assess the No Child Left Behind Act's requirement for ""adequate yearly progress"" by schools. Pennsylvania is in the process of determining a testing program that meets the federal government's requirements. How will individual students' academic progress be evaluated from year to year? The Terra Nova, which is given on a yearly basis in grades 2-10, will be used to determine each student's academic progress at each grade level. This is in contrast to the PSSA, which is only given in selected grades and does not offer the opportunity to track individual student achievement gains over time. The PSSA test allows the comparison of academic performance across schools at grades 3, 5, 8 and 1l from year to year. It offers a snapshot of academic achievement at key grade levels. A school's yearly variations in test results at a particular grade level may have more to do with the particular cohorts of students than the quality of instruction, especially in small schools. Will English Language Learners and Special Education students be required to take the Terra Nova and PSSA tests? Yes, English Language Learners (ELL) and Special Education students will be required to take both the Terra Nova and PSSA, with the following exceptions: English Language Learners: The Terra Nova has a Spanish language version (SUPERA) that will be used by children in Spanish bilingual classes. Other ELL students, based on English language proficiency levels yet to be determined, will be offered some accommodations on the Terra Nova. The PSSA does not have a Spanish language version. Pennsylvania is in the process of finalizing the criteria for students who will be offered accommodations on the test or exempted from taking the test altogether. Special Education students: Students with special needs that are documented on an Individualized Educational Plan (IEP) will be able to have accommodations on both tests. Accommodations can include taking the test in Braille, taking extra time to complete the test, or using a computer to take the test. A very small percentage of students who have been designated ""severely disabled"" will be given an alternative version of the PSSA, the PASA, a Pennsylvania test that has been designed to assess the performance of Special Education students. What are some of the concerns about using standardized tests for holding schools accountable? Schools may not be equally able to produce ""adequate yearly progress,"" because of factors beyond the quality of instruction received by the students. The capacity of a school to enhance the academic performance of its students may be affected by factors such as years of teacher experience, rate of teacher turnover, and resources, including per pupil expenditures, class size, curricula, and access to technology -- all of which can vary significantly from school to school and district to district. Also, student mobility from one school to another during an academic year makes it problematic to hold the school where a student was actually tested accountable for ""adequate yearly progress."" Student mobility varies significantly among schools, with some Philadelphia schools reporting that over 30 percent of the student body either entered or left the school during a single year. If the scores of students who have entered a school sometime after the beginning of the academic year are not reported separately, or entirely removed, from the school average, a school with a high rate of student mobility may be penalized. The scores of English Language Learners and Special Education students need to be reported separately by schools, but will be included in the overall determination of ""adequate yearly progress"" by a school. If a school has large proportions of English Language Learners, for example, the school may be penalized for failing to meet the goal of adequate yearly progress because its students lack English language proficiency. Student performance on standardized tests typically rises in the first years of a test's implementation due to a combination of factors. These include students' familiarity with the test format; teachers preparing students for the content assessed by the particular test; and the school district's allocation of resources, such as time and curricular materials, devoted to the subjects tested. Initial achievement gains on the particular tests used by a school district often have been found to level off after the first few years. The challenge of No Child Left Behind is to maintain increasing achievement gains, so that by 2013-14 all children will reach ""proficiency"" as defined by their state. How can parents use the results of these tests to help their child? Schools are required to send home test reports to parents. By reviewing these reports, parents can follow their child's progress and compare it to the scores of other children in the state and in Philadelphia. Parents should not necessarily draw conclusions from these tests alone, but rather, can work with their child's teacher to identify areas in need of improvement based on the tests and on the student's classroom work. After identifying areas of need, a parent may help their child set learning goals, monitor homework in a particular subject more closely, work with the school to arrange for special help through afterschool or extended day programs, or purchase (or borrow from the library) supplemental materials for use at home. For elementary-aged children struggling in reading and math, Pennsylvania offers Classroom Plus -- a program that offers parents grants of up to $500 to purchase afterschool tutoring in reading and math for third through sixth-graders. For more information about this program, call the Classroom Plus hotline at 1-800-219-9740. Get the Notebook in your inbox Email Address Notes from the news The latest headlines in Philly education Weekly newsletter Featured stories from the week Promotions Occasional offers from Notebook advertisers Recent Articles With broader initiative on hold, some Philly community schools press forward Arts therapies have deep roots, but still resonate today Notes from the News — April 10Creative arts therapists tap into the 'antidote to anxiety'Notes from the News — April 9the Notebook "


what is a composite dental procedure

A dental composite procedure has been used for a variety of reasons like, cosmetic reasons, to fix a tooth structure for a severely decayed tooth, to help bond tooth veneers, closing a dental gap, as well as fillings that correct minor cosmetic imperfections.

Dental Composite Procedure

Dental Composite Procedure What is a dental composite procedure? A dental composite procedure is when a dentist uses a tooth colored filling to restore the look of a person’s teeth, or to fill in teeth that have cavities, or in some cases, close the gap in between someone’s teeth. The dental composite comes in a number of tooth shades, so that when used, they can mimic the color of the person’s tooth which makes it look more natural than other fillings.

When individuals consider a dental composite procedure, many questions may run through their mind? Is this the right procedure for my specific case? What is the dental composite procedure? Can a dental composite procedure harm my health? Many questions like these can cause stress on an individual. To reduce this stress, and find clarification too many commonly asked questions pertaining to dental composite procedures, read below to find Expert answers. Is it possible to be allergic to dental composite fillings/bonding? In most cases, the majority of people are not allergic to dental composites, however there are the very few who may have an allergic reaction to the dental composite procedure. The person would need to go through testing by a Dermatologist to see if they do have an allergy to the materials that are used when a dentist does a dental composite procedure. How does water degrade dental composite? When a person has a dental composite procedure done, then the person generally would not have to worry about water degrading the dental composite. The composite generally absorbs water and may be degraded due to the absorption of the pigmented impurities in the water rather than the water itself. Is it better for an individual to have a dental composite fillings or metal fillings? In most cases, when a person receives fillings, then the dentist will generally do a dental composite procedure and it is generally preferred over the amalgam filling or metal filling. The dental composite is generally more natural feeling and looking. The person can always go to another dentist that offers both options, but the dental composite procedure is generally preferred. The following links will help the person to see what the pros and cons of both procedures would be; http://www.animated-teeth.com/tooth-bonding/a6-dental-composite-bonding.htm, http://www.qualitydentistry.com/dental/amalgam/amalgam4.html, http://www.ada.org/public/topics/fillings.asp . If a dentist missed an infection while performing a dental composite, should the dentist refund the money since the individual is suffering from more pain because of the procedure? When a dentist does a dental composite procedure and is not very skilled at it, then there may have complications that the patient would suffer from. If the dentist is refusing to help solve the issue, then the person would want to contact the Dental Association that is located in their city and file a complaint with them regarding the dentist. When a person needs to have any type of filling to correct their teeth, then they may be interested in a dental composite procedure. If a person is thinking of getting this procedure done, then they may have questions regarding how the procedure is done or if the procedure will work for them. When these questions arise, then the person may seek insight of an Expert.


is tempera paint non toxic

tes Tempera paint powder is non-toxic and safe for children Capacity: 1 lb. Add water for long-lasting use

powder tempera paint

Sargent Art Art-Time Non-Toxic 1 lb. Tempera Paint, Black (22-7185)Item : 848611 / Model : SAR227185Add to Favori

$24.596/Bundle Alternate Item Available Out of Stock Online Sargent Art® 1 lbs. Powder Tempera Paint Item : 12779 / Model : PT1140XAdd to Favorites Capacity: 1 lbs. Economical assortment of twelve 1-pound jars Recommended ages: 5 years and up$34.8912/Pack Out of Stock Online


where is mayflower arkansas

Mayflower is a city in Faulkner County, Arkansas, United States. The population was 1,631 at the 2000 census. It is part of the Little Rock–North Little Rock–Conway Metropolitan Statistical Area. In 2006, Mayflower was certified as an Arkansas Community of Excellence by the Arkansas Department of Economic Development. Mayflower is located at 34°58′5″N 92°25′11″W / 34.96806°N 92.41972°W / 34.96806; -92.41972 (34.968118, -92.419603).

Mayflower

Mayflower Mayflower, ARFavorite Share More Nearby Directions Sponsored Topics Description

Mayflower has a total area of 3.0 square miles (7.7 km²), of which, 2.9 square miles (7.6 km²) of it is land and 0.1 square miles (0.1 km²) of it (1.68%) is water.


where is old orchard beach me

Welcome to The Old Orchard Beach Inn, the first and finest luxury B&D! Our gracious Victorian style bed and breakfast inn offers our guests the finest lodging accommodations in Southern, Maine. Whether you come for a romantic getaway, family event or Maine vacation, our warm New England hospitality will make your trip memorable!

Old Orchard Beachâs First B&B

Guest Rooms Specials & Packages Photos Français Old Orchard Beach’s First B&B

Our elegant parlors and rooms with newly restored authentic pine floors, and antique furnishings are comfortable for guests to gather or enjoy a quiet read by the fire. Our History The Old Orchard Beach Inn is an historic restoration of the original Ye Olde Staples Inn, the first hotel in Maine. Reopened in June 2000 the Inn has gone thru a total renovation and is authentic with totally redone hardwood floors, antique furnishings and more. About us Our history Directions Guest Rooms Your guestroom has been individually appointed, with your comfort in mind! Luxury linens, fireplaces and air conditioning insure your comfort. Ocean breezes and fireplaces only add to your extra pampering!Reservation Packages Rates Guest Rooms Discover our 2 bedroom suite Breakfast Breakfast, featuring local Maine specialties and our garden fresh produce, is served daily in our lovely dining room or on our front garden porch. Summer activities In summer, our splendid perennial’s and garden porches, provide a quiet solace after a busy day of sailing, kayaking, hiking, or visiting the famous Old Orchard Beach Pier and Boardwalk. To learn more about Summer Activities Area & Things to do Just 1 block to the picturesque views of Old Orchard Beach, offering miles of Sandy Beaches, shopping, and close to Portland which offers World Class restaurants. The Old Orchard Beach Inn invites you to stay and savor all that Southern Maine has to offer. To learn more about area and things to do Plan now to create a special memory We are especially happy to help you celebrate your wedding, anniversary, birthday or other special occasion. Start with a visit to our Specials page and then select the perfect Room!Check availability Old Orchard Beach Inn 6 Portland Avenue Old Orchard Beach Maine 04064Phone: 207-934-5834 Toll Free: 1-877-700-6624 Email: oldorchardbeachinn@gwi.net


how much vitamin c does a lime have

Limes are also a good source of vitamin C, but they fall behind grapefruits. On average, limes contain a little less than 30 milligrams of vitamin C per 100 grams of flesh, which equates to about 8 milligrams of the vitamin in a medium-sized lime. Limes are sweeter than lemons and grapefruits, which is probably why they are used more often to garnish drinks and marinate fish and poultry.

What Citrus Fruit Has the Most Vitamin C?

Oranges have the most vitamin C among citrus fruits. Vitamin C, also called ascorbic acid, is an essential nutrient because people cannot manufacture it. Citrus fruits are excellent sources of vitamin C, although other types of fruit such as guava, kiwi and papaya contain more of it per gram the citrus fruits such as oranges, grapefruits, lemons, limes and even tomatoes. Consume citrus fruits while they are fresh to ensure that you get the most vitamin C because the nutrient is sensitive to processing and degrades quickly. Vitamin CVitamin C is necessary to synthesize and maintain collagen, an elastic-like compound found in skin, ligaments, blood vessels, muscle tissues and bones. Vitamin C is also a powerful antioxidant that is able to reduce oxidation damage caused by free radicals. It’s an antimicrobial that can fight mild infections and an immune system booster. The current recommended daily amount of vitamin C for adults ranges from 75 to 125 milligrams, depending on gender, pregnancy, lactation and whether you smoke cigarettes. The amount of vitamin C in fruit is variable and depends on growing conditions, ripeness and varieties. Oranges Oranges are the citrus fruit that contain the most vitamin C per gram. For example, oranges typically contain a little more than 50 milligrams of vitamin C per 100 grams of flesh, which equates to about 70 milligrams of the vitamin in a medium-sized orange. If you squeeze your own orange juice, drink it within a few hours because exposing the juice to air causes the vitamin to degrade. High heat, especially from pasteurization, is very destructive to vitamin C. Lemons Lemons are regarded by most nutritionists as containing the second-highest amount of vitamin C per gram of fruit, but it depends on the factors discussed previously. Lemons contain about 40 milligrams of vitamin C per 100 grams of flesh, which equates to about 25 milligrams of the vitamin in a medium-sized lemon. Lemons -- due to their sourness -- are not eaten nearly as much as oranges, but lemon juice is commonly added to salads or used on fish and poultry. Grapefruits Some nutritionists consider grapefruit to be the second-best source of vitamin C among citrus fruits, while others list it as third, but it depends on the soil in which the fruit is grown and the time between picking and testing. Grapefruits contain about 35 milligrams of vitamin C per 100 grams of flesh, which equates to almost 50 milligrams of the vitamin in a medium-sized grapefruit. Grapefruits are usually tarter and less sour than lemons, which is why they are commonly eaten for breakfast. Limes and Tomatoes

Tomatoes are a good source of vitamin C but rank last among citrus fruits. On average, tomatoes contain a little less than 20 milligrams of vitamin C per 100 grams of flesh. Tomatoes may be the most versatile citrus fruit because they are used in so many different ways. References Human Metabolism: Functional Diversity and Integration; J. Ramsey Bronk Contemporary Nutrition: Functional Approach; Gordon M. Wardlaw et al. About the Author Sirah Dubois is currently a Ph D student in food science after having completed her master's degree in nutrition at the University of Alberta. She has worked in private practice as a dietitian in Edmonton, Canada and her nutrition-related articles have appeared in The Edmonton Journal newspaper. Photo Credits Siri Stafford/Lifesize/Getty Images MORE MUST-CLICKS: What Are the Digestive Pluses of Fresh Coconut? Is Okra Good for You? Health Effects of Eating Raw Tomatoes Are Carrots a Fruit or Vegetable? Nutrients Found in Zucchini What Nutrients Do You Get From Cantaloupe & Honeydew Melon? Drinks High in Potassium Are Beets High in Beta-Carotene?


does a refrigerator normally use a standard outlet

wer The refrigerator uses around 20 amps and a circuit of 125 volts. A smaller refrigerator needs less power than a larger one. Keep in mind that a large refrigerator needs a ground wire for safety. Continue Reading

How Many Amps Does a Refrigerator Use?

Home & Garden Appliances Refrigerators & Freezers Q: How Many Amps Does a Refrigerator Use? A: Quick Ans

Keep Learning How Many Amps Does a Refrigerator Pull? How Many Amps Does a Refrigerator Draw? How Does a Refrigerator Wiring Schematic Help When Trying to Fix a Refrigerator? Credit: Vico Collective/Alin Dragulin Blend Images Getty Images Full Answer To save money on electricity, you need to clean the fridge coils. These are energy coils, and they need to be checked every six months. To use your fridge efficiently, you should never fill it, because this can stop the flow of cold air. Another good tip is to cool the food at room temperature before placing it in the refrigerator. The best temperature setting is medium cool. Learn more about Refrigerators & Freezers Sources: electrical.about.com Related Questions Q: What Are the Frigidaire Fault Codes? A: Common fault codes for Frigidaire refrigerators and freezers include SY EF, which indicates evaporator fan circuit failure and OP, which indicates freezer ... Full Answer >Filed Under: Refrigerators & Freezers Q: Does a Sub Zero Refrigerator Require Its Own Outlet? A: Manufacturer's recommendations for a Sub-Zero refrigerator require a dedicated circuit. These refrigerators have many convenient features, such as ice make... Full Answer >Filed Under: Refrigerators & Freezers Q: What Is the Cause of Refrigerator Freezing? A: A refrigerator that freezes can be caused by a number of things, from circuit boards to a temperature control thermostat. The thermostat is the part of the... Full Answer >Filed Under: Refrigerators & Freezers Q: How Do You Tell If a Refrigerator's Temperature Is Accurate? A: The easiest way to keep track of a refrigerator's internal temperature is through use of a refrigerator thermometer. These devices are designed to remain i... Full Answer >Filed Under: Refrigerators & Freezers You May Also Like Q: Do Dorm Refrigerators Come With Freezer Compartments? Q: Are Buderus Boilers for Commercial or Residential Use? Q: What Are Some Other Names People Use for a Grandma? Q: What Are the Dimensions of a Maytag Refrigerator? Q: Why Did Maytag Issue a Refrigerator Recall? Q: Can You Use Two Computers on a Single Broadband Connection?