longest running african american sitcom

The Jeffersons represented the American Dream. With 11 seasons, it's one of the longest-running sitcoms on American television, and it all began as a simple spin-off of All in the Family. That's right, notorious racist Archie Bunker deserves some credit for bringing George Jefferson into the world.

25. The Steve Harvey Show  (1996-2002)

"25. The Steve Harvey Show (1996-2002)Network: The WB The only person who gets a pass for wearing Choppa Suits in 2013? Steve Harvey. Before he wrote Act Like a Lady,Think Like a Man and opted for a more aerodynamic hairstyle, he played Chicago native Steve Hightower on The WB's Steve Harvey Show. In the show, the former funk legend and member of Steve Hightower and the High Tops was forced to take a job as a music teacher at Chicago's Booker T. Washington High School. Because of budget cuts, he found himself forced to teach drama and art as well. His longtime friend Cedric, love interest Lovita, and former classmate Regina ""Piggy"" Lane, joined him at Booker T. The students were just as important, and none got more airtime than Bullethead and Romeo. Lady of Rage (yes, ""Afro Puffs"" Lady of Rage) frequently showed up as the hulking Coretta Cox, and Keenan and Kel (Keenan Thompson and Kel Mitchell) also found time for guest appearances. Fellow All That alum Lori Beth Denberg was a mainstay as Lydia Gutman. Like other black sitcoms, The Steve Harvey Show featured notable guest stars from the music world, including Teena Marie, who jokingly mistook Hightower for Lionel Richie in one episode. Irregular reunions of Steve Hightower and the High Tops always made for great episodes, as they brought back comedian Don ""D. C."" Curry and Mr. Big himself, Ronald Isley. "" When the Funk Hits the Fan"" never gets old.24. Sister, Sister (1994-1999)Network: ABC/The WB What are the odds that twin sisters who were separated at birth would wind up meeting 14 years later? That was the premise for Sister, Sister, which starred Tia and Tamera Mowry as Tia Landry and Tamera Campbell. The two couldn't have been more different, but blood is thicker than water. In addition to being polar opposites, the twins were nothing like their adoptive parents, Ray and Lisa. Though at times it seems like the wrong twin ended up with the wrong parent, they eventually became one big family in Ray's suburban Detroit home. It's there that Tia and Tamera were constantly bothered by Roger, who's what Steve Urkel would've been if Steve Urkel looked like Batman from Immature. After two seasons on ABC, Sister, Sister was cancelled, but The WB scooped it up for the third season. Keeping it in the family, the Mowry twins' little brother Tahj appeared in one episode as T. J. Henderson, the genius from his own sitcom Smart Guy. Sherman Hemsley, of The Jeffersons, played Ray's father and Kid of Kid 'n Play even had a walk-on as one of Tia's bosses. The history of black TV has been well documented by black TV.23. Family Matters (1989-199Network: ABC/CBS Nobody thought this Perfect Strangers spin-off would last for nearly a decade, but Family Matters went on to become one of the longest-running sitcoms with a predominantly African-American cast. Set in Chicago, it told the story of the Winslow family, a middle-class bunch led by parents Carl and Harriette. When the show began, they had three children: Eddie, Laura, and Judy. Sometime after the fourth season, Judy was inexplicably written out, leaving viewers wondering what happened to her years after the show ended. As it turns out, actress Jaimee Foxworth dabbled in the adult entertainment industry and ended up on Celebrity Rehab with Dr. Drew. Joining the nuclear family at the Winslow home was Carl's all-knowing mother, Estelle, Hariette's sister Rachel and her young son Richie. But as history has made clear, the true star of the show was Jaleel White's Steven Q. Urkel, the annoying neighbor introduced halfway through the show's first season. Urkel charmed audiences with his unrequited love for Laura. Of course, the equally nerdy Myra Monkhouse shook this up, a sign that the writers were looking for a change. Not long there after, the ""Stefan Urquelle"" character was created, and Laura found herself drawn to him despite the fact that he was simply Steve minus the nerdy disguise. Family Matters was part of ABC's famous TGIF Friday lineup that kids stayed up for on a weekly basis, fueled by pizza and soda. The show existed in the same fictional universe as other TGIF shows, crossing over with the likes of Perfect Strangers, Step by Step, Full House, and Boy Meets World.22. What's Happening!! (1976-1979)Network: ABC After debuting as a summer program in 1976, What's Happening!! cashed in on solid ratings and the failure of other shows to become regular weekly programming on ABC that fall. The sitcom hooked audiences with the three beloved teens living in Watts—the bespectacled Raj, the forever-smiling Dwayne, and the man with the famous dance, Rerun. Raj was an outstanding student with dreams of one day being a writer. Rerun struggled academically, but was an amazing dancer. Dwayne always brought positive energy, frequently making his presence known by exclaiming ""Hey, hey, hey!"" when entering a room. Occasionally meddling in their lives and pulling zero punches was Raj's younger sister, Dee. The guys usually hung out at Rob's Place, where they always ran into Shirley, a boisterous waitress who was just as eager to rib the gang as Dee was. Known for its recognizable theme song, What's Happening!! was popular enough to draw guests like the Doobie Brothers. It yielded a spinoff entitled What's Happening Now!! that aired from 1985 to 1988; the old cast returned to give the world an early look at a young Martin Lawrence, who worked as a busboy at Rob's.21. The Jamie Foxx Show (1996-2001)Network: The WB In the mid-'90s, quality black television experienced a significant boom, and some could even be found on The WB (remember that?). One such program was The Jaime Foxx Show, based on Foxx's own experience making it in the entertainment industry. After moving to L. A. to pursue a career in music, Jamie King works at his aunt and uncle's hotel to support himself during his quest for success. Featuring a theme song sung by Foxx himself, the show followed his trials and tribulations working at King's Tower, chasing after Francesca ""Fancy"" Monroe and consistently playing the **** out of one of the OG cornball brothers, Braxton P. Hartnabrig. Over a decade after the show went off the air, the NAACP Image Award-winning program is remembered for demonstrating Foxx's comic timing and singing chops, the word Motherfloodpucker, and abusing ""brougham."" It also got plenty of elementary school children in trouble for shoving their hands in the faces of classmates. One question, though—what happened to Dennis?20. Hangin' with Mr. Cooper (1992-1997)Network: ABC Comedian Mark Curry landed his first major role as Mark Cooper, a former Golden State Warrior who winds up teaching and coaching basketball at Oakbridge High School, in Oakland. Cooper moves in with longtime friend Robin and her friend Vanessa (played by Holly Robinson, truly the bee's knees in the '90s). As no '90s sitcom was complete without an annoying neighbor, Coop struggled with Tyler, in addition the stress of living with the two women. When Dawnn Lewis left the show, Robin was replaced by Mark's cousin Geneva, who brought her young daughter Nicole (Raven-Symoné, prior to coming into her own as a bankable star) along. As the show progressed, Tyler and Nicole became best friends and Coop began to view both Tyler and Earvin Rodman (a young Omar Gooding) as younger brothers. His crush on Vanessa evolved into romance, and the two were a couple by the end of the series. Hangin' with Mr. Cooper was at its best once added to ABC's brilliant TGIF lineup. Though Hangin' with Mr. Cooper enjoyed several theme songs, none was better than the original, where stars Lewis and Robinson collaborated with En Vogue to sing Cooper's praises.19. Diff'rent Strokes (1978-1985)Network: NBC The show that made Gary Coleman a household name, Diff'rent Strokes told the story of two brothers from Harlem who were adopted by the wealthy businessman that their mother worked for after she passed away. Thank the show for any popular culture and hip-hop references to ""Phil Drummond"" as a symbol of wealth. Still, the show's most well-known characters were Coleman's Arnold and his older brother Willis, played by Todd Bridges. In fact, Willis might be the show's most recognized character, thanks to Arnold's catch-phrase ""Whatchu talin' bout, Willis?"" Biggie might've called it ""played out"" on ""The What,"" but it was the show's trademark. Aside from Arnold's famous question, Diff'rent Strokes was recognized for episodes that focused on serious issues like drugs, molestation, race, violence, and eating disorders. Unfortunately, each of the show's three child stars (Coleman, Bridges, and Dana Plato) struggled with drug addiction and legal troubles after the show ended. Plato died of a drug overdose in 1999, and Coleman died at 42 after falling and hitting his head in 2010. Only Bridges survived his struggles. Despite the sad ending for the show's young stars, Diff'rent Strokes will live on as one of the 20th century's most important programs.18. Roc (1991-1994)Network: Fox During the '90s, Fox ran black television, and one of the network's lesser-known gems was Roc. Set in Baltimore, the show followed the lives of the title character (played by Charles S. Dutton) and his wife, Eleanor. Roc's younger brother Joey provided occasional humor and drama. After beginning life as a sitcom, Roc made the bold move to air each episode from the second season as a live performance. Not only did this play to the strengths of the four main cast members—each of whom were trained stage actors—it made Roc the first scripted American television show since the '50s to broadcast an entire season live. Roc's narratives offered hard looks at drugs and violence in urban communities, but without losing sight of the mission: offering a positive look at African-Americans doing their best to make an honest living. Unfortunately, the show's positive imagery couldn't save it from low ratings.17. The Wayans Bros. (1995-1999)Network: The WB Doing it on your own terms is a Wayans family trait, so from the moment Shawn and Marlon ditched the average sitcom setting and Tribe's ""Electric Relaxation"" kicked off the shows' opening sequence, it's clear what The Wayans Bros. was about. Viewers tuned in week after week to watch the two youngest brothers wade through life's ******** while living in Harlem. Shawn, the elder sibling, owned a newsstand in Manhattan's Neidermeyer Building, where Marlon also worked. Just a few feet away, their father had a diner called Pops' Diner. Over the course of the series, Dee, a security guard who worked in the building, acted as an older sister to the pair. In between, they were occasionally annoyed by White Mike (R. I. P Mitch Mullany), and hung out with T. C. and Dupree. The show was criticized for alleged ""buffoonery,"" but that's far from accurate. A significant part of the show's early comedy came from Marlon, but he demonstrated his serious acting chops, by surprise, leaving the newsstand to chase his dream of being an actor. As for Shawn, he was the entrepreneur, taking after his father. The Wayans Bros. enjoyed a five season run on The WB before being unceremoniously cancelled in 1999. As mentioned in Scary Movie, it didn't even get the respect of a proper final episode. Still, it's remained popular over a decade after its cancellation, and fans will stop whatever they're doing when the show comes on television, hoping to catch the episode where Pops and his old singing group, The Temptones, get back together.16. Moesha (1996-2001)Network: UPN Ice Cube is the original ""Leimert Park Legend,"" and currently the title is held by Dom Kennedy, but from the mid-'90s until the early aughts, it belonged to Moesha Mitchell. Brandy starred as the show's title character, a teen living with her middle-class African-American in South Central. Moesha and her younger brother, Myles, lived with their father Frank and his new wife, Dee. Moesha's circle of friends included the loud Kim, the talkative Niecy, and the ever-present Hakeem. The teens frequented The Den, managed by Andell, one of Moesha's older friends and role models. In a ""wait a minute"" moment, Brandy's real-life brother Ray J joined the series for the final two seasons as Frank's nephew, Dorian. The show, one of UPN's biggest hits, bravely dealt with issues like drugs, race, premarital sex, and infidelity. Similar to many great black sitcoms, Moesha had plenty of guest appearances, including Onyx's Fredro Starr as Moesha's on-again, off-again boyfriend, Q. Bernie Mac had a recurring role as Frank's brother, Bernie, and athletes such as Kobe Bryant (who took Brandy to his Senior Prom), Vince Carter, and Bo Jackson all had walk-ons. One imagines that Brandy's status in the music world can be credited with the cameos from Master P, DMX, Le Ann Rimes, Russell Simmons, and Big Pun, among others. After Countess Vaughn left the show after the fourth season, a spinoff called The Parkers was created, based around Kim and her mother, Nikki, played by comedian Mo'Nique. Andell went on to appear on The Parkers as a friend of Nikki's.15. 227 (1985-1990)Network: NBC When thinking of D. C. in the '80s, you're instantly reminded of the ********' Doug Williams becoming the first black quarterback to lead a team to a Super Bowl victory, John Thompson's Georgetown Hoyas becoming black America's unofficial basketball team, and the notorious Rayful Edmond flooding the streets with crack. Add 227 to that list, too, if it hasn't already flashed in your brain. Anchored by the dwellers of a middle-class apartment building, the show primarily focused on the lives of Lester and Mary Jenkins, and their teenage daughter Brenda. Joining them were the unfiltered Pearl and her grandson Calvin, who would later become Brenda's boyfriend. 227 became a showcase for the over-the-top personality of Sandra (played by the perfectly over-the-top Jackée Harry) and a young Countess Vaughn, who earned a recurring role after her appearance on Star Search. During its peak, 227 experienced better ratings than every program with a largely African-American cast (with the obvious exception of The Cosby Show ). These days, it lives on in syndication and an extremely random appearance in Pineapple Express. It's more than your grandmom's favorite show—it's your friendly neighborhood weed dealer's favorite, too.14. The Bernie Mac Show (2001-2006)Network: Fox It all began with a segment from The Original Kings of Comedy, where Bernie Mac took in his sister's children after she entered rehab. Fox turned the situation into a weekly sitcom that was much different from what fans of Mac were used to, specifically his loud, animated tirades. Mac stayed true to his signature humor as much as the constraints of broadcast television permitted, but just like in real life, his love for his family was more than apparent. The show was also famous for Mac's frequent breaking of the fourth wall, which he did to relay the importance or absurdity of a given moment to the audience. The Bernie Mac Show went strong on Fox for five seasons, seeing a 100th episode before the series ended. Because Mac played himself, there were plenty of celebrity cameos a la Curb Your Enthusiasm, ranging from Hugh Hefner to Shaquille O'Neal. Bernie Mac passed away in August 2008, but his stand-up, numerous film roles, and all form integral parts of his untouchable legacy.13. Everybody Hates Chris (2005-2009)Network: The CW Chris Rock's always been candid about his upbringing in Brooklyn's Bedford-Stuyvesant neighborhood, often explaining that the hardships of his childhood fueled his career. Not only did they push him to rise above his situation, they provided fodder for his comedy routine. Bring the Pain, one of Rock's finest stand-up performances, draws heavily on his childhood, and in the fall of 2005, he brought those memories to TV with Everybody Hates Chris. Set during the 1980s, Everybody Hates Chris chronicled Rock's painful fight for respect, a battle that started in his own home. On the show, his parents constantly harass him; he lives in the shadow of his younger brother; even his little sister gets the best of him. He's bullied in his neighborhood and at school, and everything that he wants always seems out of reach. Everybody Hates Chris was praised for using humor to interrogate race and class problems in America. It garnered several Golden Globe and Emmy nominations, in addition to claiming several NAACP Image Awards. In 2007, Tyler James Williams (who played the lead), became the youngest person to win an NAACP Image Award for Outstanding Actor in a Comedy Series. He was just 14.12. Julia (1968-1971)Network: NBC This pioneering show starred Diahann Carroll as Julia Baker, a widowed single mother working as a nurse. After her husband was killed fighting in Vietnam, Baker was left to raise her young son, Corey, on her own. Well-known black actors Paul Winfield and Fred Williamson appeared as potential suitors for Carroll's character. The show ran for three seasons on NBC before it was cancelled in 1971 after Carroll and creator Hal Kanter decided that they wanted to explore other projects. Critics attacked the show for the lack of a male role model, and because of bold decisions like that, Julia will always be remembered as a trailblazer, and something almost every media student at a historically black college or university has pressed into their memory forever.11. Girlfriends (2000-200Network: UPN/The CW After the cancellation of Living Single, black women were left without a go-to show. In 2000, the answer arrived: Girlfriends. Set in Cali, the show chronicled the lives of Traci Ellis-Ross's Joan and her circle of friends, which included the sassy Maya, the carefree Lynn, and Joan's best friend, the diva that was Toni. The perfectly square Williams, a co-worker of Joan's, fulfilled the role of requisite guy friend. Girlfriends dealt with topics like dating, sexuality, parenthood, interracial relationships, and the particular struggles of being black in the 21st century. The show's writers stayed mindful of current events, working Hurricane Katrina into the plot. In 2006, The Game premiered, a spinoff of Girlfriends that followed Melanie Barnett. It's still producing new episodes.10. Good Times (1974-1979)Network: CBS A spinoff of Maude, Good Times remains one of the most essential and controversial black television shows ever produced. Created by Cooley High writer Eric Monte, the show focused on the struggles of the Evans family, who lived in a Chicago housing project. Though no one ever came out and said it, the housing project was the notorious Cabrini-Green projects, where Monte grew up. The main characters included working class parents James and Florida, and their three children. James Jr., or ""J. J."" was an animated toothpick; Thelma was the middle sibling; and socially conscious Michael was the youngest. The family was frequently visited by their neighbor Willona, who would later adopt abuse victim Penny (played by a very young Janet Jackson). Every now and then, superintendent Bookman would appear with his tool belt. Good Times depicted a close-knit family that remained positive despite their difficult living conditions. The show was revered for its depiction of urban life, yet declined to portray African-Americans in a negative light—until J. J. turned into a caricature. After his ""Dy-no-mite!"" catchphrase became a national fixation, the producers changed the show's direction to focus more on his moronic behavior than the Evans family itself. This did not sit well with leads John Amos and Esther Rolle. Disagreements about the show's direction and a contract dispute led to Amos' James Sr. character being written off of the show. In arguably (and unfortunately) the show's most famous moment, Florida yells, ""Damn, damn, DAMN!"" after learning that James has been killed in a car accident. Shortly after, Rolle left the show, leaving Willona to occasionally check on the children. Rolle returned for the show's final season after bargaining with the showrunners, but by then the show's popularity had faded. Good Times lives on through hip-hop references and syndication. Its theme song was immortalized by Chappelle's Show's ""I Know Black People"" skit. Everybody wondered what the exact lyrics were, but nobody had ever come out and asked. But Dave did. Just another example of Chappelle's Show brilliance.9. Fat Albert and the Cosby Kids (1972-1985)Network: CBS Long before he was known as Cliff Huxtable, Bill Cosby was the creative genius behind the legendary animated series Fat Albert and the Cosby Kids. Loosely based on Cosby's experiences growing up in North Philadelphia, the Fat Albert character originated during a Cosby stand-up routine. After a primetime special entitled Hey, Hey, Hey, It's Fat Albert aired on NBC, the network wanted to build a series around the character, but was hesitant to bring it to Saturday mornings fearing it would be to education-heavy. Apparently, nothing's worse for children than learning. Eventually, Cosby took the series to CBS, where it reigned supreme on Saturday mornings beginning in 1972. When no one else would, Fat Albert dealt with issues facing children in urban environments. Each of the characters—Fat Albert, Dumb Dumb Donald, Weird Harold, Russell, and Rudy—learned a lesson that was expressed through song every week. This, and Cosby's celebrity, helped the show last until 1985, making it one of the longest running Saturday morning cartoons ever. Aside from being one of the best animated shows ever, Fat Albert is one of the most iconic cartoon characters ever created.8. Living Single (1993-199Network: Fox It's only natural that Complex offer some love for a show featuring a magazine editor as the protagonist. Living Single starred Queen Latifah as Khadijah James, the mastermind behind Flavor, a fictional monthly. James lived in Brooklyn with her cousin Synclaire and friend Régine, the would-be diva. Rounding out the bunch was pit bull lawyer Max and their two male counterparts, handyman Overton and ""Baker Magic"" himself, stockbroker Kyle Barker. The show ran for five seasons on Fox, and was part of its storied Thursday night lineup. Not only was the show popular for its portrayal of six black twentysomethings trying to make it in New York, it was adored because all of the principal characters were women. Viewers were hooked on Khadijah's quest for success, Régine's quest to live the fabulous life, the sweet relationship between Synclaire and Overton, and blatant sexual tension between Max and Kyle, but they also loved the endless stream of guest appearances. Thanks in part to the popularity of black television at the time and Queen Latifah's celebrity status, the show was able to attract everyone from Ed Mc Mahon to Grant Hill. Oh, and of course Queen Latifah's New Jersey protégés Naughty By Nature appeared. It was only righ t.7. The Boondocks (2005-Present)Network: Cartoon Network Aaron Mc Gruder should go down as one of the bravest and most intelligent creative minds in the history of entertainment for transforming his comic strip, The Boondocks, into a pop culture phenomenon, one of the most important television programs—animated or not—ever created. The strip was first printed in the University of Maryland, College Park's student newspaper under then-editor Jayson Blair. Mc Gruder succeeded in selling its rights to Sony Pictures after the comic crept into The Source. The animated series focuses on the Freeman family, who have moved from Chicago's South Side to the white suburb of Woodcrest. From this juxtaposition comes some of the best satire and social analysis to hit the small screen. Brothers Huey and Riley, though at different stages of their lives, often find themselves fighting against a common cause or enemy, with hilarious results. Their grandfather, known as ""Grandad,"" their sole guardian, regularly gets in over his head. But ask viewers and they'll mention one character: Uncle Ruckus, the scene-stealing Uncle Tom, who made viewers cringe in the same way that Django Unchained's Stephen did late in 2012. Of course, you can't forget rapper Thugnificent, whose downward spiral into the world of the Average Joe was brilliant, sad, and funny. The genius of The Boondocks is its lampooning of current events and important figures. Few are safe from the show's darts. Past targets include Bill Cosby, Tyler Perry, and most famously, BET. Mc Gruder's decision to take on factions and figures that are considered ""untouchable"" demonstrate real courage. With three seasons in the vault, fans are patiently waiting for the fourth. Considering some of the world's events since the third season concluded, a new string of Boondocks episodes is exactly what television needs.6. The Jeffersons (1975-1985)Network: CBS

The Jeffersons focused on George and Louise Jefferson, who happen upon a large sum of money. Along with their son Lionel, they moved from Queens to a deluxe apartment in the sky—a luxury high-rise in Manhattan. Florence, their housekeeper, provided comic relief, frequently spazzing on George because of his hairline and height. Both attributes became Sherman Hemsley's trademarks, along with his signature dance. The Jeffersons remained popular well into the 1980s. During its eighth season, it became the first African-American sitcom since Sanford and Son to crack the top five in ratings. It amassed 13 Emmy nominations, and in 1981, Isabel Sanford (who played Louise, or ""Weezie,"" as she was known) became the second black actress to win the award for Best Actress. After The Jeffersons ended in 1985, Hemsley and Sanford continued to reprise their roles on other shows, including The Fresh Prince of Bel-Air, where they bought the Banks' house in the series finale. Hemsley and Marla Gibbs appeared as George and Florence on Tyler Perry's House of Payne before Hemsley's death last summer at the age of 74.5. Sanford and Son (1972-1977)Network: NBC The South Central L. A. neighborhood of Watts received a surprising amount of love from TV during the 1970s, with the most coming from Sanford and Son. The U. S. version of the British show Steptoe and Son, Sanford and Son gave black America a slightly less abrasive answer to Archie Bunker. Played by the legendary Red Foxx, Fred Sanford was a wily old coot who constantly insulted others with his quick wit. The most frequent target of his jabs? His son, Lamont, who helped him sell antiques and, well, junk. Lamont longed to step out on his own and live a life free of his father's critiques, but his genuine love for his old man—and Sanford's constant threats—kept him around. It was just the two of them, as Fred's beloved wife and Lamont's mother, Elizabeth, had long since passed away. In the show (and Foxx's) most famous gag, Sanford would threaten to join her in Heaven via a heart attack in a desperate attempt to get his way. In addition to providing a model for the successful African-American sitcom, Sanford and Son was a smash hit across audiences. Even when Foxx temporarily left the show because of a contract dispute, its popularity never flagged. The show lives on through the character of Fred Sanford, and through every rap song that's ever sampled the theme.4. Martin (1992-1997)Network: Fox Very few programs remain every bit as entertaining over 15 years after their conclusion as Martin, a show about a big-eared radio DJ from Detroit with enough personality for an entire cast. Fox was the network to watch back in the 1990s, rivaling the popularity of NBC's ""Must See TV"" block of Thursday night programming with a lineup that drew an engaged urban audience. Between New York Undercover, Living Single, and Martin, Fox's Thursday night lineup ran the triangle offense better than the Chicago Bulls did in the 1990s. During the 1996-1997 television season, these shows were the three highest rated programs among African-American households, with Martin serving as the jump-off for one of the best two hours of television ever organized. Comedian and actor Martin Lawrence played Martin Payne, a DJ for WZUP (and eventually the host of his own talk show, ""Word on the Street""). Central to the show was Martin's relationship with Gina Waters, the large-headed (literally) love of his life. They broke up and got back together throughout the series, but their genuine love provided a complement to the show's constant comedy. Also important were Martin's relationships with his biggest adversary, Gina's best friend, Pam James, and his two best friends, the comically inept Cole Brown and the tall, bald, and possibly unemployed Tommy Strawn. Beyond the central cast, the wild gang of side characters played by Lawrence regularly stole the spotlight. Martin had no problem dressing up in drag to play his too-hood-for-her-own-good neighbor Sheneneh, or Martin's mother, the mustached Mama Payne. Lawrence's other legendary characters include Jerome the has-been Detroit pimp, Dragonfly Jones, Bob from Marketing, Roscoe, and Otis. From Jim's Barbershop to Nipsey's Lounge, Martin had classic locations where the main cast ran into other hilarious characters, like Tracy Morgan's Hustle Man. Even when Martin retired to the solace of his own home, he couldn't escape unexpected visits from Bruh-man, who climbed through the window before using that infamous slow bop to help himself to whatever he wanted from Martin's apartment. Martin also had numerous amazing guest stars like Richard Pryor, Billy Dee Williams, Keith Washington, Snoop Dogg, Tommy Hearns, Randall Cunningham, Method Man, Jodeci, and even Biggie. No show is landing cameos like that. Not only was Martin instrumental in African-American culture and hip-hop culture, it played a role in popular culture that can't be argued. How else would Complex be able to compose a guide of the show's sneaker history? Despite only being on the air for five seasons, Martin left behind so many great characters and scenes that kids will be getting disciplined at school forever thanks to syndication. Think about it like this: two decades have passed since the show began, and people are still talking about how they ""can't pay the five."" That says alot.3. A Different World (1987-1993)Network: NBC ""That's a different world like Cree Summer's."" This reference to the Winifred ""Freddie"" Brooks character played by Cree Summer is one of many A Different World nods from the college dropout himself, Kanye West. The Cosby Show spinoff followed Denise Huxtable as she followed in her parents' footsteps at the esteemed HBCU, Hillman College. Denise dropped out (or rather, was written out because of Lisa Bonet's pregnancy), and the show shifted its focus to the frustratingly prissy Whitley Gilbert and he of the flip-shades, Dwayne Wayne. Not only did A Different World show historically black fraternities and sororities at work on Hillman's campus, it also dared to talk about date rape, skin tone, class struggle, the Persian Gulf War, domestic violence, and the L. A. riots. It was one of the first television shows—black or otherwise—to address HIV and AIDS. Executive producer Debbie Allen deserves the lion's share of the credit for the show's far-reaching seriousness, as she drew on her own experiences at Howard University when creating the world of Hillman. A Different World's connection to The Cosby Show allowed for several crossover episodes between the two, but the level of star power went far deeper than that. The list of important greats and soon-to-be-megastars is enormous: Diahann Carroll. Patti La Belle. Richard Roundtree. Gladys Knight. Jesse Jackson. Heavy D. En Vogue. Whoopi Goldberg. Halle Berry. Hell, 2Pac even popped up as Lena's boyfriend from back home, allowing viewers to bask in the the well-documented chemistry between Shakur and his old friend Jada Pinkett-Smith. Lena also came face-to-face with her namesake, the legendary Lena Horne, during the show's final season. For bravery of subject matter dealt with and for the premise alone—young black people at college— A Different World is one of the most important (and best) TV shows in hisotry.2. The Fresh Prince of Bel-Air (1990-1996)Network: NBC In the fall of 1990, a skinny kid from West Philly decided to try his hand at acting. As rap's first Grammy award-winner, it couldn't be that hard, right? After making a name for himself as a hip-hop star in the '80s, a guy named Will Smith found himself in a bit of a financial bind. Consistent cash would fix that. Enter NBC, and an offer to star in a sitcom loosely based on his own life and that of co-producer Benny Medina, who, after growing up in a rough neighborhood, moved in with a wealthy family in Beverly Hills. You know this story. You know it, because you know the theme song to The Fresh Prince of Bel-Air. A kid gets into some neighborhood beef that scares his mother so badly she sends him to Cali to live with their wealthy family. There, our hero becomes Public Enemy No. 1 in the Banks' household, except in the eyes of his Aunt Viv and youngest cousin, Ashley. There's preppy cousin Carlton, with his fondness for Tom Jones. There's Uncle Phil, or the Honorable Judge Philip Banks. There's Geoffrey, the wry butler. These are the characters you remember. This is a moment you'll never forget: Will's biological father, Lou, reappears and tries to develop a relationship with his son. Uncle Phil has never respected Lou for abandoning Will and his mother, and doesn't want to see his nephew hurt again. When that happens, just as Phil predicted, the embrace between Will and his uncle goes down as one of the mostheart-wrenching television moments of the 20th century. You watched Will Smith become an actor, the man who would grow to command millions. During its six-season run on NBC, The French Prince of Bel-Air was a juggernaut. Viewers learned the theme song without trying. Smith even allowed ""Summertime,"" his classic track recorded with DJ Jazzy Jeff, to fuel the show's popularity and vice versa. Hell, the legendary DJ landed a role on the show as Will's friend, the one whose undying love for Hilary got him regularly ejected from the Banks' residence. Love for the ladies was a recurring theme, allowing Will to come across some of the baddest women of the time: Stacey Dash, Tyra Banks, Robin Givens, and Nia Long. Furthermore, the The Fresh Prince had a storied history of guest appearances that we chronicled right here. The Fresh Prince of Bel-Air was the perfect complement and eventual successor to The Cosby Show, as it depicted an upper-class African-American family that wasn't out of touch with the realities of black America. It wasn't quite as funny as Martin, but it dealt with a broader range of subjects. That makes it one of the better television shows of all-time—period.1. The Cosby Show (1984-1992)Network: NBC Worst kept secret ever, right? After running for eight seasons on NBC and receiving accolades as one of the best TV shows of the 1980s, The Cosby Show is the best black sitcom ever produced. Building on the strengths of its trailblazing predecessors, The Cosby Show has been credited by TV Guide with ""almost single-handedly reviving the sitcom genre"" and NBC after ABC chose not to pick it up—big mistake. It's been over 28 years since the show premiered on NBC, and ABC still has to be salty about their decision to pass. Shows like The Cosby Show —which served as the model for so many modern sitcoms—only come around once. Mistakes happen though; the Portland Trailblazers did pass on Michael Jordan in 1984, coincidentally the same year that The Cosby Show began. For eight magical seasons, The Cosby Show revolved around the Huxtables, a well-to-do African-American family living in a Brooklyn brownstone. Not only were both parents present, they were extremely successful. Cliff was a doctor and Claire was a lawyer. They had five children: four girls and one boy. It went Sondra, Denise, Theo, Vanessa, and Rudy. All five of the Huxtable children were based on Bill Cosby's actual children, including his late son Ennis who suffered from dyslexia, providing further inspiration for Theo's character. Each of the Huxtable children attended college during the show's run, with the exception of Rudy, and only because she was too young. Denise followed in her parents and grandfather's footsteps at Hillman College, though she would eventually drop out to find herself through an alternative path, traveling to Africa and eventually marrying a Navy man. The Huxtables represented a nuclear family with successful parents who passed their values along to their children and pushed them to succeed, even when they fought their hardest against it. By the end of the series, The Cosby Show had built a lineage of success from grandparents to children that hadn't been seen before on television, regardless of race. The Cosby Show played a huge role in the lives of all races, so when Jim Carey's character from The Cable Guy referred to himself as ""the bastard son of Claire Huxtable,"" you understood and believed him. In spite of its success—Emmy awards, Golden Globes, NAACP Image Awards and People's Choice Awards—people still managed to criticize the show. It was called unrealistic; people chided it for avoiding the subject of racism and neglecting the struggles of the underclass. If the only complaints were that the show portrayed African-Americans too positively, then there was nothing to complain about at all. Did the Huxtables represent every black family? No, but neither did the families on previous shows. Not only did The Cosby Show offer a look into the life of an affluent African-American family, it also offered TV's first look at the HBCU through Hillman College. This paved the way for A Different World, and set up great crossover episodes between the two shows. The Cosby Show's guest appearances were almost unmatched: Stevie Wonder, Senator Bill Bradley, **** Vitale, Jim Valvano, Adam Sandler, and a very young Alicia Keys, just to name a few. Everyone wanted some of the good-natured success. And you can't talk about the show without talking about style, as Cliff's collection of Coogi sweaters will forever be known as ""Cosby Sweaters."" The ""Gordon Gartrelle"" shirt episode will never be forgotten. The Cosby Show ended during the L. A. Riots, and holds the crown as not only the best black television show, but one of the best televisions shows ever made. There will never be another like it. There can't be. This list sucks "


when are mushrooms in season

eaf In New Leaf, Mushrooming Season occurs in autumn. Round, Flat, Skinny, Rare and Famous Mushrooms are found near tree stumps and trees. On each day, one of these reveals itself as a part of the Mush Series . Harvest Festival is the last day of this season.

Mushrooming Season

Mushrooming Season Appearance Animal Forest, Animal Crossing, Animal Forest e+, City Folk, New Leaf Occurs October 15 th- 25 th ( Animal Forest, Animal Crossing, Animal Forest+)November 1 st- 30 th ( City Folk, New Leaf)Special character None The mushrooming season is an event that occurs in Animal Forest, Animal Crossing, Animal Forest e+, City Folk and New Leaf. It is officially mentioned as an event in all of the games, with the exception of City Folk . Contents [ show]Events Animal Crossing In Animal Crossing, the season occurs from October 15 - October 25. Four or five mushrooms can be found around the town starting from 8am. The mushroom can be sold to Tom Nook for a hefty price (see Mushroom ). One mushroom disappears every 15 minutes , meaning that all mushrooms will disappear by 9:00 AM. City Folk In City Folk, all throughout the month of November, the player can find mushrooms at the base of trees. Some mushrooms are actually furniture from the Mushroom Series. There are five different types of mushrooms; Elegant, Rare, Flat, Skinny, and Round. These different kinds of mushrooms can be sold to Tom Nook ranging from low to a high amount of Bells . New L

The rest of November there will no longer be mushrooms spawning as such. Gallery Mushrooming Season in City Folk Events January: New Year's Day • La-Di-Day • Fishing Tourney • Tortimer's Vacation • Yay Day • Flea Market February: Groundhog Day • Fishing Tourney • Bright Nights • Valentine's Day • Tortimer's Vacation • Flea Market • Festivale • Leap Day March: Fishing Tourney • Festivale • Bunny Day • Shamrock Day • Spring Sports Fair April: April Fool's Day • Cherry Blossom Festival • Nature Day • Fishing Tourney • Weeding Day • Bunny Day May: Spring Cleaning • Mother's Day • Fishing Tourney June: Graduation Day • Father's Day • Bug Off • Fishing Tourney • Summer Solstice July: Fireworks Show • Morning Aerobics • Hometown Day • Bug Off August: Fireworks Show • Meteor Shower • Founder's Day • Morning Aerobics • Bug Off September: Labor Day • Fall Sports Fair • Harvest Moon Festival • Autumn Moon • Bug Off October: Explorer's Day • Mushrooming Season • Harvest Moon Festival • Halloween • Fishing Tourney November: Mayor's Day • Officer's Day • Fishing Tourney • Harvest Festival • Sale Day December: Snow Day • Winter Solstice • Toy Day • New Year's Eve • Countdown Categories: Events


definition of dongle

A dongle (pronounced DONG-uhl) is a hardware key for securing access to a licensed software application and establishing a chain of trust. The software application uses encrypted communication to access the hardware key and verify the legitimacy of a license before the program will run.

dongle

Definitiondongle Posted by: Margaret Rouse What Is.com Contributor (s): Timothy Regas, William Collier, Pete Johson

Due to the high per-unit cost, dongles are typically used to authenticate proprietary business-to-business ( B2B) and business to government ( B2G) applications. Originally, dongles plugged into a parallel or serial port, but today, dongles can also be used in universal serial bus ( USB) and flash memory card ports. If more than one application requires a dongle, multiple dongles can be plugged into available ports or into hubs. Over the years, dongle technology has adapted to changing market needs. Today, instead of being plugged into an open port on a computer, dongle technology can also reside on a microchip soldered into a device in order to help secure the Internet of Things ( Io T ). Software application producers partner with a dongle vendor to program each dongle with special ROM (read-only memory) that stores the app's security and licensing terms. Some high end units have as much as 51 kilobytes ( KBs) of ROM to enable complex licensing and security schemes. The dongle vendor loads unique codes into some form of ROM so units are not interchangeable. This was last updated in May 2017Continue Reading About dongle Lenovo ideacentre Stick 300 puts a PC on an HDMI dongle Key Factors When Considering Hardware-Based Software Licensing Application hardening tools help repel software pirates Related Terms Random Access Memory (RAM)Random Access Memory (RAM) is the hardware in a computing device where the operating system (OS), application programs and data ... See complete definition Request for Proposal (RFP)A request for proposal (RFP) is a document that an organization, often a government agency or large enterprise, posts to elicit a... See complete definitionsmoke testing Smoke testing, also called build verification testing or build acceptance testing, is nonexhaustive software analysis that ... See complete definition


what is the greatest source of bank income?

Answer The largest source of income for banks are the deposits they receive from account holders. These deposits from the general public are proportioned into securities, such as checking, savings and money market accounts. Banks are lending institutions, and their revenue derives from the interest they make from lending money.

"Business & Finance Personal Banking Banks Q: What Is the Largest Source of Income for Banks? A: Quick

Continue Reading Keep Learning Can You Get a Blank Check From Your Bank? Does Union Bank Offer a Line of Credit for Checking Account Holders? What Personal Banking Options Does SBI Net Banking Offer? Full Answer When the bulk of a bank's income does not derive from customer deposits, this usually means the bank cannot attract enough customers. Alternatively, the bank can derive income from wholesale sources of funds, shareholder equity or debt issuance. Consumer lending provides the greatest source of revenue; when a bank is unable to rely on this, it may not be competitive with other banks. Learn more about Banks Sources: investopedia.com Related Questions Q: What Online Banking Services Does Bank of America Offer? A: Bank of America's feature-driven online banking service includes the ability of account holders to access their accounts 24 hours a day, 7 days a week and ... Full Answer >Filed Under: Banks Q: What Banks Are Offering Promotions for Opening a New Checking Account Online? A: As of October 2015, banks offering promotions for new customers who open a checking account online include BMO Harris Bank, PNC Bank and Sun Trust Banks. Ea... Full Answer >Filed Under: Banks Q: What Types of Services Are Offered by Commercial Banks? A: Services offered by commercial banks include accepting bank deposits, giving business and mortgage loans, and offering basic investment products, like a sa... Full Answer >Filed Under: Banks Q: What Banks Offer Online Checking Accounts? A: Several banks offer online banking and checking account services to their customers, including well-known banks like Bank of America, Chase and U. S. Bank, ... Full Answer >Filed Under: Banks You May Also Like Q: What Regions Have Nicolet Bank Branches? Q: What Services Are Offered by Schertz Bank? Q: Who Can Open an Account at NC State Credit Union? Q: What Are the Different Types of Numeric Formats for Income? Q: What Are Some Services Offered by First Financial Bank? Q: What Does ""FICO"" Stand For? "


what is returnable packaging

What is returnable packaging? Returnable packaging is durable packaging meant for multiple uses in a closed loop system. A closed loop system refers to a system in which materials are recycled and reused rather than discarded. This type of packaging can include pallets, racks, bulk containers, hand-held containers and dunnage.

Returnable Packaging 101

Returnable Packaging 101Posted on December 18, 2014 by Packaging Insights

Each form of returnable packaging is made of materials such as plastics, injection molding, textile-based protective packaging and other materials that are durable and designed for multiple uses. The main use is to safely move materials or products. This type of packaging can be used internally to move product from one process to another or to different areas of the plant for storage or future processing. Returnable packaging can also be used to move product between vendors with different processing specialties. Returnable packaging is economical, sustainable, consistent and repeatable. What industries generally use returnable packaging? Returnable packaging can be used by any industry looking to cut packaging costs. Examples of industries using this packaging include (but are not limited to): Automotive Food/Beverage Pharmaceutical Appliance Aerospace Electronics Advantages of returnable packaging? Reduce packaging costs Reduce wasted packaging materials Reduce handling damages Greater ease and increased speed when packing and unpacking Designed specifically for the product’s individual transportation environment Can be used in conjunction with automated equipment Packaging is consistent and repeatable Can be cleaned and is often clean room compliant Can help simplify manual and automated product tracking Case Study Snapshot: Problem: Parts were being damaged during shipments to multiple locations, requiring custom packaging for each shipment. Solution: Custom thermoform plastic trays were designed and implemented in managed returnable loops between the suppliers and the vendors. Cost Savings: $60,000 per year‹ Packaging design underrated but vital Why Not Use Nylon Strapping? ›Related products: Knowledge Base For Green Packaging Posted in Packaging Supplies, Process Optimization, Sustainability, Uncategorized Tagged with: process optimization, returnable packaging, reusable packaging, sustainability


does bromelain help with weight loss

However, bromelain does not affect those white blood cells. There is pressure on blood vessels in belly fat, and bromelain might help prevent clotting that makes that pressure even worse. However, that action does not remove fat. Only you can get rid of your excess fat. And you almost certainly have to do that by eating less. Think about it. You lose fat by burning fat. Where do you burn fat?

Bromelain for Weight Loss

"Home Medical Answers Well Being Weight Loss Bromelain for Weight Lossby Dr Artem Agafonov — over a year ago in Weight Loss The product France Vita Natura promises to help you take off the pounds and inches (or kilos and centimeters) with the help of a specially formulated brand of ""bromeline,"" by which they mean bromelain, a protein-dissolving enzyme found in pineapple. Unfortunately, the claims for weight loss for this product would not be any more believable if they had spelled its principal active ingredient correctly. Bromelain has some legitimate uses in complementary healing. It interferes with the process the body uses to make inflammatory compounds out of arachidonic acid, a chemical that is particularly abundant in fatty foods. It increases the production of a chemical called kallikrein, which is important in forming blood clots. Stifling the ability of tumors to form blood clots keeps them from forming new blood vessels. This makes bromelain a useful part of some of the few natural therapies that really work in fighting cancer. Bromelain is useful in relieving swelling. It is mildly analgesic; it relieves pain. It concentrates glucosamine and chondroitin. But it has no effect on fat. There are no doubt people who would argue that belly fat tends to produce inflammatory compounds, and, in fact, up to one-third of belly fat consists of the white blood cells that produce them.

You burn fat in your muscles. How do your muscles get that fat? Your fat cells have to transform ""globs"" of fat into ""droplets"" of fat that can pass through the cell membrane into the bloodstream and travel to the muscles. That process doesn't happen if you blood insulin levels are high. High blood insulin levels block the action of the enzyme that changes stored fat from ""blobs and globs"" into tiny droplets. Your insulin levels go up when you eat high-carbohydrate or sugary foods in large amounts. This means you aren't going to burn fat if you are eating sugar, or lots and lots of bread, potatoes, rice, and similar foods. Even when your fat cells release their fat, it doesn't magically disappear. They have to burn it. They don't burn fat unless they don't have sugar. This means that even if you are eating less, your muscles won't burn fat unless you cut out sugar. Then when you do get around to exercising, you burn fat by slow and steady exercise, for at least a couple of hours at a time, not by fast, short sessions of exercise. (There is a role for weight lifting in weight loss, but getting rid of fat isn't it.) If you knock yourself out by working out just as hard as you can, your body releases stress hormones that signal your liver that it is time to release sugar. There are very few pills that actually help anyone at all lose weight, and there are no products that help everyone lose weight. Garcinia cambogia helps you lose weight even if you have trouble cutting out sugar. Hydroxycitric acid helps, too, as does green tea extract, providing (1) you get a product that includes some caffeine but you don't (2) cancel out the effects of that small amount of caffeine with more than two cups of coffee or two sodas a day. This product won't work. I urge you to return it and get your money back. Sources & Links Still have something to ask? Get help from other members!Post Your Question On The Forums "


average fulfillment cost per order

The 2016 SORO report surveyed the key metrics of 195 apparel, footwear, general merchandise, home furnishings and personal care retailers, and determined that the average cost to fulfill an order is $10 (shipping + fulfillment costs).

What are the average e-commerce shipping costs as a percentage of gross sales?

Chaya Cooper, Founded two Fashion Tech companies; Former Asst. Buyer @Bloomingdale's Updated Feb 19, 2017The most reliable data I’ve seen is the annual State of Retailing Online (SORO) survey of U. S. retailers conducted by NRF and Forrester Research.

[1]The actual percentage of sales will vary significantly, depending upon several factors including product weight, value and basket size. Footnotes [1] Despite e-retail growth, many retailers struggle to grow online6.8k Views · View Upvoters Related Questions More Answers Below How much does shipping usually cost in e-commerce? How can I lower the shipping cost of goods to customers on my E-commerce site? How do e-commerce stores handle sales tax when drop shipping? What would be the packaging costs for e-commerce as a percentage of gross sales? What time of the day and days of the week e-commerce sales peak on average? Ask New Question Paul Lepa, CEO - Pearls Only.com Answered Feb 7, 2013 · Author has 81 answers and 73.9k answer views This obviously varies based on what your are selling and where you are selling it to. If the time is US market, you can roughly plan for around $5 to $15/per avg household item. If we assume a rough avg purchase price of say $100 per order - then we are looking at 5-15% of cost as shipping costs. If you look at Amazon SEC filling they are running in that range. Blue Nile.com also in that zone. It used to be that some people used to make money on shipping - ie. get this item FREE - add $9.99 for s/h. However with Amazon conditioning everyone to free shipping, shipping costs are now typically passed through on cost basis, or perhaps even as a loss. (I'm putting this forth as I'm guessing that your next question will be how to look at shipping cost - as your COG or not. I would offer a suggestion to exclude it from your COG and look at it as a pass through. It's not the type of thing folks going to IPO would like to do, but it is something that smaller sites trying to be competitive should look at). In any event the whole shipping costs issue warrants a more detailed discussion.12.2k Views · View Upvoters Your response is private. Is this answer still relevant and up to date?promoted by elevio It's a win-win. Save money and deliver an all-in-one experience for your customers. Free Trial at elev.io Pamela S. Hawn, Seller on e Bay at Small Business Owners (2010-present)Answered Nov 28, 2017 · Author has 172 answers and 41.9k answer views Honestly I never figure that out. Heavy items I figure out the shipping weight and the buyer pays calculated shipping to their house. I add 10% to cover the fees. I do that by charging the RETAIL value of the Postage by printing a shipping label through e Bay or Pay Pal. Since that is basically the total cost for me to ship then it costs me Nothing to ship items out. The Buyer pays for shipping. Some items that I include a decorative box to ship the item in For example Jewelry, I add that to the price of the item as a handling fee, or raise the price of the item to cover the decorative boxes. Some small items I will pay for shipping. I then buy first Class package rates under 15 OZ. which has insurance up to $50.00 and Delivery confirmation. You can only get that pricing through e Bay or Pay Pal. I usually figure that I need to purchase something and be able to charge 3X’s the cost I paid for it. The e Bay, Pay pal take their cut. I then figure out how much it is to ship (if it is free shipping). So for example I buy a widget for $2.00, I sell it for $9.00, e Bay and Pay pal take 15%. $1.35 my postage would run about $3.00. Total cost is $4.35 Packaging costs $.80 so now I have $5.15 invested in the widget and that leaves me a profit of $3.85. I will combine shipping on some items but not the ones I pay shipping for. The cost of shipping is included in My price so I lose money IF I combine shipping on “free shipping” items. If I do buy a deadbeat widget then I will sell it for cost. (cost of item +cost of shipping+ ebay and Pay pal fees= cost) Then I don’t make any money on it but It does help to build a base of happy Buyers to My listings. I feel it it better to get rid of items that aren’t Selling. Why clog up your listings with items that are not selling? Get something that will sell in it’s place. So, saying all that, I do not have a percentage of shipping costs. Somethings are higher some are lower. I mostly sell individual items. IF I were selling an item that Is a Multiple listing that I sell many of the same thing over and over again then I could give you more of a percentage. ;) pam766 Views · Answer requested by Darla Smith Jeff Finkelstein, Founder of Customer Paradigm, an e Commerce company in Boulder, Colorado. Answered Mar 15, 2016 · Author has 283 answers and 494.9k answer views Andrew - I agree with most of the other users... the answer - honestly - is that it depends on the weight of the product. If you're selling something heavy and low value (i.e. you are selling flour online - I know someone trying to do this), you have to charge quite a bit of a premium price for a five pound bag of flour, and even then, it's going to be really tough to break even. If you have something really lightweight - like a memory card for a camera - shipping will cost next to nothing. In the olden days of e Commerce (i.e. pre-Amazon Prime), you could try to get away with making a little bit of a markup on shipping. If you have a hard-to-find, unique item, sometimes you still can. But most e Commerce vendors I work with usually mark up shipping very slightly, or even lose money on shipping (so they can give it away for free) but instead keep the product price a little higher. My $0.02: people will often abandon the shopping process when they see a $15 shipping charge for an $8.00 item. I hope this helps... - Jeff4.4k Views · View Upvoters · Answer requested by Andrew Dunst Anonymous Answered Feb 8, 2013Average Total Warehouse Cost per Order: $4.33, or 3% to 5% of net sales. Outbound freight can represent 6% to 8% of the average order (or $7.6 per order). (=11% total) Controlling and Reducing Your Fulfillment Costs order fulfillment costs will run 3-5% of sales, with shipping costing an additional 5-7% (= 10% total) Order Fulfillment for Online Retailers8.5k Views · View Upvoterspromoted by Hotjar See how your visitors are really using your website. Hotjar is a quick and easy way to really understand your website visitors. Try it for Free!Learn More at hotjar.com Jose Li, CEO & Founder at 71lbs.com (2011-present)Answered Nov 27, 2017Making the disclaimers that it varies by weight, merchandise value, dims, etc, on average -keyword- shipping costs ranges between 8%-11% of gross e-commerce sales. When I was running e Commerce group at Fed Ex, we used 10% as average. So if an e-commerce merchant is selling $1MM in sales, 100K or so will be their shipping cost.654 Views Elizabeth Buchan-Kimmerly, Thirty five years in retail, from woodstoves to postage stamps. Answered Nov 28, 2017 · Author has 2.5k answers and 548.2k answer views What are you selling postage stamps or tractors? Shipping costs are totally unrelated to the value of the product. Shipping costs are based on weight, dimensions, and distance. There are some goods that are too heavy and bulky to sell online profitably.392 Views · View Upvoters · Answer requested by Darla Smith Dharma Maharjan, MBA Information Technology & International Business, University of Sunderland (2012)Answered Nov 7, 2017We can’t say average postage charge. It depends on the item you are dispatching. The standard to special delivery options are given below if you are sending from Royal Mail.https://www.royalmail.com/sites/... For parcels, the shipping charges may be different in different logistics companies.720 Views · Answer requested by Eyamin Hossain Like Tajul, Digital Marketing Professional Answered Apr 15, 2016 · Author has 96 answers and 47.9k answer views I am agree with here, some of answer. However, it is mainly depend on weight of product and how far your destination, if you use 3PL (Third Party Logistics). I think shipping cost is 5-9% of total gross sales.2.6k Views · Answer requested by Adam Brezinsky Mark Modesti, 30 years at UPS, currently as a Supply Chain Consultant Answered Oct 20, 2015I would encourage you to look at the total supply chain cost as a % of total sales. Shipping is most obvious, but not quite comprehensive enough IMHO.3.4k Views


another name for delzicol

If you still have some questions about all the mesalamine drug name changes such as Asacol moving to a new name of Delzicol, feel free to post your comments below. After all, they are super popular medications with gastroenterologists in terms of first line treatments after diagnosis and later on, so most definitely there are tens of thousands of colitis folks who use this site who are among that group.

Why Asacol Changed Itâs Name to Delzicol

"Why Asacol Changed It’s Name to Delzicol By Adam on September 1, 2013 in Asacol, Drugs Hey, if you’re NOT treating your UC with medications, this is not going to be too much of intereset for you. BUT, if for some of you using medications, this might help clear things up. Specifically, if you used to take Asacol (now called Delzicol), you’ve probably realized by now that it is no longer being manufactured. I know that there’s alot of you who are still concerned about this change (similar to Colazal switching its name to Apriso) so I’m hoping that this video from the Mayo Clinic will help you understand exactly what has and has not changed. Changes to Medications Used to Treat Ulcerative Colitis - IBD in the News Your browser does not currently recognize any of the video formats available. Click here to visit our frequently asked questions about HTML5 video.

Thanks again for watching and for being a part of the site. Best of luck to you all who are super pumped to be starting out September once again. I’ve always felt like September was sort of the official end of the summer (northern hemi folks), but on the other side, all you folks down there in the south side are getting ready for springtime eh…? I’m going to be posting up a video soon with a recap on how I’m feeling, and what’s new with me. Got a bit of work to do, but should be cool.– Adam Scheuer About Adam I’m passionate about Ulcerative Colitis and especially people living with UC, Author of Feeling Crappy to Feeling Happy and Cooking For Ulcerative Colitis -- founder of i Have UC.com -- Diagnosed October 2008 with severe pancolitis (the whole colon was inflamed back then) View all posts by Adam →You like Social Networks...i Have UC's are AWESOME Resources!If you'd like to receive notifications each time there is a new post to the website, you can join the ""new post"" newsletter here. (Please realize this is separate from the main website newsletter. )Related Posts: Happiness is Key Remicade Biosimilar – Is It Effective and Safe for Ulcerative Colitis? Concern about Biologics Life is Good, Ulcerative Colitis Will Not Win!! – Lori B’s Story Prisoner of My Body – Jennifer’s Ulcerative Colitis Storyasacol, delzicol Dr. Andrew Goldenberg – Gastroenterologist – Pomona, NY Overwhelmed Worried Wife16 Responses to Why Asacol Changed It’s Name to Delzicol Juliet September 3, 2013 at 8:10 am #Thanks for this post. It is very helpful to me. Something I am going to ask my GI team when I see them in 2 weeks. I’ve always noticed the whole tablets passing. I’m obviously female and have been put off starting family due to the disease and more so the medications. They wanted to switch me from Asacol to remicade, not something I’m happy about. Maybe Delzicol will work better for me. Cheers for highlighting this Adam! :)Reply HEATHEN HOLIDAY September 3, 2013 at 2:22 pm #Huh. Wonder why I am still getting the ASACOL. Maybe they need to get rid of their inventory. Warning to anybody thinking about REMICADE. It almost killed me. I only had two infusions and it didn’t leave my body for over 6 weeks. I couldn’t get out of bed, I was so weak and zapped of any energy. Bloody noses, extreme joint pain, etc. I literally thought I was going to die. A ton of vitamins and time got me out of that nightmare. I will never do that medicine or anything like it again. 40mg of prednisone and a higher does of Asacol saved me besides SERIOUSLY changing my diet. Reply HEATHEN HOLIDAY December 30, 2013 at 6:02 pm #Juliet -> Don’t be scared to get pregnant while you are still experiencing symptoms of UC. I got pregnant and my UC went into TOTAL REMISSION while I was pregnant in 2006. That lasted until exactly December 18, 2009. The day it came back… I was like, “oh my god, here it comes” and I have been battling it ever since and it’s going to be 2014 shortly. The drugs are not to be relied on, you have to supplement and change your diet completely….for life. Well, that is until we turn into robots and don’t have to worry about eating food anymore for energy, LOL. Reply Holly September 3, 2013 at 9:15 am #I’m confused. Colazal and Apriso are 2 separate products by the same company are they not? Apriso is extended release and Colazal you have to take 3 times a day. Replyrjw September 3, 2013 at 12:03 pm #The company that makes Asacol 400 mg lost its USA patient (yet is fighting in the USA courts to keep the Generics from making it, nice guys huh?) You can still get in the USA Asacol 800 mg pill which came out relatively recently. Before they stopped selling Asacol 400 mg in the USA as part of there screw the Americans policy. When I use to get Asacol from my local pharmacy and it was always made by a company called Warner Chilcott in Canada. Said so on the bottle label. So I figured maybe I should try a Canadian pharmacy and sure enough you can buy it from a Canadian pharmacy from the very same manufacturer that my local pharmacy got it from at a fraction of the price. Apparently Asacol 400 mg is still sold in the rest of the world. There is another manufacturer of Asacol 400 mg that is made in New Zealand. If you go to http://www.cipa.com/ you can investigate all the different member pharmacies (got this info from AARP if you trust them). I know that one of those Canadian Pharmacy sells the Warner brand Asacol 400 mg for a fraction of the price and gets to you in about a week. So long story short you can get the same Asacol 400 mg pills direct from Canada at a fraction of the price that they were sold for here in the USA. And you can call your insurance company if you have one and they probably will reimburse you for doing so as they are saving money too. Off the top of my head Asacol 400 mg are about 2/3 less expensive to buy from Canada they they are when I bought them locally. Replypb December 29, 2013 at 12:06 am #rjw, I was recently changed from Asacol 400 to Delzicol. I have only taken a few however had horrible side effects including horrific heartburn that is relentless along with cramps and loose stools. I would like to locate the Asacol 400 brand name that you mentioned in your post. I have little time to master the pharmacy issue in Canada so I thought you might be able to give me a couple names that you have used and familiar with in obtaining the medication quickly. I have heard that some Canadian Pharmacies can take weeks which I don’t have in this situation and you mentioned a week approx. I would be most appreciative. Thank you in advance. Replyrjw January 7, 2014 at 8:36 pm #Hey sorry for the delay. I went with another pill called Aprisa when needed. Insurance would not reimburse otherwise. Best of luck Reply Paul Bose December 30, 2013 at 12:42 am #rjw, I was changed from Asacol to Delzicol and not doing well on it. Really horrific heartburn, fatigue, among other symptoms. I would like to consider ordering from Canada, Asacol brand 400 mg if available quickly as mentioned. Not feeling that terrific and would appreciate the name of the pharmacy or two you know of for Asacol 400 mg. Thank you. Reply Michele June 6, 2014 at 9:37 am #Thank you for the information. I ordered asacol from Canada and they arrived today. They have the same number coding as the one I was getting in the US, and for a 1/3 of the price. The Delizcol was not working well – I had a lot of stomach issues with this pill. Reply Graham lee September 3, 2013 at 1:52 pm #A warning on mesalamine in all it’s names, in case your GI didn’t tell you (mine didn’t). Over a few months it can make you deficient of folic acid and this can lead to a stroke. I believe a supplement should be taken with this medication. Though Folic acid can apparently make a tumour grow quicker, iit does reduce the risk of colorectal cancer and stroke. I suffered a minor stroke 2 months after taking this as a suppository. I have only just discovered this link but it could explain what happened to me. All of my tests have been extremely good and the mystery continues. However, all the symptoms of this deficiency are exactly what I’ve experienced. For some reason, folate deficiency is also exacerbated by drinking green tea and how I love my green tea!If you are on this medication and get any dizzy spells, please be careful. Reply:) September 3, 2013 at 10:16 pm #Does anyone know if the Asacol 800mg tablet has the same chemical, that causes birth defects? Reply Gemma September 4, 2013 at 4:30 am #Hi :)! I don’t know for sure but I would think the Asacol 800mg would have the chemical that can cause birth defects, in the video that Adam posted above they said that the chemical responsible for birth defects was in the coating of the tablet so I think this would apply to the 800mg, but they will now print that on the side effects leaflet if they are still selling it. I wondered about this Asacol thing because I went to collect my Asacol enemas from the Pharmacy last month and they said they didn’t have any and there was a problem with the manufacturer, they gave me Salofalk instead. But I’ve stopped using the enemas I think they really mess your insides up, you want calm and peace in there and the enemas just seem to create more chaos. I was using the suppositories for a while and they seem to cause less irritation but don’t treat as large an area. Graham glad you seem to have figured out what caused your stroke and hope you are keeping well. I didn’t know about the folic acid thing. I am off everything at the moment and am just using nicotine lozenges and diet to help control my symptoms. I even stopped smoking a week ago, fingers crossed!Replygraham lee September 4, 2013 at 4:41 am #Gemma,It’s taken 3 months but I feel great now, just had a whole week feeling normal. I’ve taken a multi vitamin (Inc folic acid) for over a week and no asacol for over 2 weeks. I’ve been smoking 5 a day since stopping the meds and the flare is well under control now. You seem to be doing well. Don’t forget the Evoo to maintain that nice healthy colon, sounds like you have a good plan!Replybev September 4, 2013 at 8:02 am #That’s just fab Graham! !Reply Juliet September 4, 2013 at 8:45 am #Really happy to hear you’re doing much better Graham! I didn’t know this about Asacol. I take the 800mg tablets (6 per day)! I don’t seem to absorb them ever, even when not flaring. It’s something I mentioned to my GI previously, but maybe she thought I meant during flare ups! I always see them completely intact, have wondered what the point in taking them is!!! I shall be asking them about the folic acid as well as the changes to Asacol. Reply Tj August 13, 2014 at 8:21 am #I’ve been on Asacol for twenty years started out taking 4 400mg tabs every day. Last year they switched where they couldn’t make or sell the 400mg tabs in the US nomore on Asacol now 800mg tabs four times a day now. Ive taken this stuff religiously for all this time I dont know, I think it maybe keeps the flares in check some what but they still arrive once twice three four five six times a year or so…. during flare I take tjey mesalamine emma at night before bed after two or three nights im back to normal but continue them for three weeks….. 36 yr old male Reply Leave a Reply Name (required)Email (will not be published) (required)Website Notify me of followup comments via e-mail. You can also subscribe without commenting. "


what is purple eye condition

Alexandrite is the variety of chrysoberyl which changes color from green or blue-green in daylight to red, purple/red, or raspberry red under incandescent light. Chemically, alexandrite can be differentiated from normal chrysoberyl by the presence of chromium.

The Alexandrite Effect

"The Alexandrite Effect""The term alexandrite effect refers to the apparent change of color in certain minerals from blue-green or greenish violet in daylight to red or reddish violet in incandescent light. It has been determined that the absorption spectrum of all alexandrite-like minerals is characterised by transmission maxima in the blue-green and red regions and by a transmission minimum in the yellow region. The color of minerals with two such regions of transmission is determined in daylight (richer in blue and green) by the position of the transmission maxima and in incandescent light (richer in red) by the ratio of transmission in the red and transmission in the blue-violet sections of the visible spectrum."" E. Gübelin and K. Schmetzer

Alexandrite is defined by its color change and only chrysoberyl that displays a distinct change of color should be referred to as alexandrite. The origin of this color change is often attributed to dichroism, but simple observation shows that the change depends chiefly on the nature of the incident light. In antiquity this change was from sunlight to candlelight and this exhibition is still used today by many gemologists and jewelers. Careful study of the color changes in chromium compounds by means of tristimulus analysis proves that the color change is due to the response of the human eye and brain and not to any unexpected changes in the properties of the stone. As the chromium composition moves from those values which yield green compounds to those values which yield pink compounds, the interband minimum in the spectrum moves from near 525mp toward shorter wavelengths. The human eye is very sensitive to green light and is less sensitive to red and blue so it responds most strongly to the green light and the compound appears green. As the light passed by the interband minimum becomes more blue and the light passed by the long wavelength minimum becomes brighter red, the eye shifts its response from predominantly the green stimulus to a mainly red stimulus with some blue component. The gemstone now appears reddish. Phenomenon of the alexandrite effect Alexandrite under candlelight Alexandrite under mixed light Alexandrite under daylight Fig. 13.: Incandescent lighting contains a higher balance of red light and alexandrite appears red to the human eye. 13Fig. 14.: Alexandrite effect phenomenon of an observed color change from greenish to reddish with a change in source illumination. 14Fig. 15.: Daylight contains high proportions of blue and green light and the stone appears green to the human eye. 15Alexandrite Effect is the phenomenon of an observed color change from greenish to reddish with a change in source illumination due physiological response of the human eye in a particular part of the visible spectrum. Daylight contains high proportions of blue and green light and incandescent lighting contains a higher balance of red light. When the light is balanced (daylight), the stone is green but when the light source is reddish (incandescent), the stone appears red. Human vision is more sensitive to green light. Alexandrite reflects both green and red light. In daylight, a greater proportion of green light is reflected so we see green. Conversely, under incandescent light more red light is reflected so we see red. Since the alexandrite effect is shown to be due only to critical wavelength minima in the absorption spectrum, there is no reason why this effect should be limited to chromium compounds. Indeed, several other well known gemstones, including sapphire, garnet, and spinel may also change color as a function of the prevailing light, but the color change of top alexandrites is distinctive and attractive under any light conditions. Sapphires rarely display a strong color change but there are some stones from a deposit in Songea, Tanzania that show a change similar to alexandrite and they are known as ""alex type sapphires"". The change in color change garnets can be outstanding but unlike alexandrites, they often already appear red in normal daylight so a fluorescent light is required to highlight the change. A few spinels from Sri Lanka have been known to exhibit exceptional blue to red color changes but stones like these are extremely rare and most color change spinels only show a small color shift. In any color change stone, the more dramatic and complete the color change, the more rare and valuable the stone. Edwin Streeter wrote of alexandrite in ""Precious Stones and Gems"": ""The wonderful alexandrite is an emerald by day and an amethyst at night. The most sensational feature about this stone, however, is its surprising ability to change its color. Green or bluish-green in daylight, Alexandrite turns a soft shade of red, purplish-red or raspberry red in incandescent light. This unique optical characteristic makes it one of the most valuable gemstones of all, especially in fine qualities. ""The pioneering gemmologist Max Bauer, writing in 1904, described the Uralian Alexandrite as "" an emerald by day and an amethyst by night..."". He also describes the daytime color as: ""grass-green to emerald green"" and the night time color as ""columbine red inclined to violet"". The strength of color described by Bauer is rarely seen and most stones show either a strong red or purple red or a strong green but usually not both. The older gemological literature is full of references in praise of the beautiful Russian Alexandrites but few of these stones have been seen in the West since the Russian Revolution in 1917. We know that the colors of the original Uralian material represented the Russian Imperial military colors of red and green. However with so few Russian stones available anywhere, we cannot really compare them with alexandrites from more recent discoveries. Page 5 of 13 Back to Top << >> 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 ... 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what's a twin flame

What is a Twin Flame? Twin flames, also called twin souls, are literally the other half of our soul. We each have only one twin, and generally after being split the two went their separate ways, incarnating over and over to gather human experience before coming back together. Ideally, this happens in both of their last lifetimes on the planet so they can ascend together.

So you probably haven't had many lifetimes with your twin. NASA Hubble Telescope Photo Each twin is a complete soul, not half a soul. It is their task to become more whole, balancing their female and male sides, and ideally become enlightened, before reuniting with their twin. This reunion is of two complete and whole beings. All other relationships through all our lives could be said to be ""practice"" for the twin, the ultimate relationship. What is a Soulmate? Soulmates are our soul family, the ones we do have many lifetimes and experiences with, who help us grow and evolve, create and dissipate karma. According to ancient wisdom, when the soul is ""born"" or descended from Source, it is created in a group. The souls in this group are our soulmates, ones who are very like us in frequency makeup. Then each of these souls is split into two, creating the twins. A soulmate is someone you are close to at a soul level, and with whom you have had many shared experiences in different lifetimes, in various kinds of relationships -- siblings, parent-child, best friend, as well as romantic relationships. There is a deep love for each other, and a spiritual bond that sets them apart from the superficiality of most other people in your life. Conversations are generally deep, about personal growth and service to make the world a better place. We can have many soulmates in our lives, and they come to us to help us grow spiritually. Antera & Omaran at their wedding Have I Met My Twin? Twin Flame reunions are the most fulfilling relationships we can enter into as humans, on all levels. However, twin flame couples have been extremely rare on the planet, and for good reasons, which will be described later. Despite this, we are finding that more and more twins are finding each other now, because of the acceleration of spiritual transformation and opportunities for soul evolution we are all experiencing. People are evolving and learning and healing at such a fast rate that they are getting ready for their twins faster. What used to take lifetimes to learn and heal, people are now going through in years or even months. This is the astounding level of acceleration we and the planet are going through. When twins get together, it is for some kind of spiritual service work. This is their primary reason for finding each other, because through their union a huge birthing of creative energy is released, to be used for their mission together. More and more twins are attempting to get together now to help the planet and humanity make a big shift forward in consciousness. However, many of these attempts at reunion are unsuccessful because the individual people are not quite ready for the intensity of a twin flame union. It is more intense than any other union, and this intensity is at a soul level, not as much in the physical or even emotional bodies. This doesn't mean that there isn't a good attraction at those levels as well, but the strongest attraction is of spirit. This is one of the distinguishing characteristics of a twin soul. Many people think they have met their twin because the attraction is so intense, but it is a karmic attraction, one of need or bodily desire rather than the Divine Love of twins. Your chance of meeting and staying with your twin depends on how evolved your soul is, and how much of your baggage from this and past lives you have cleared. The biggest reason twins have to separate after coming together is their individual emotional baggage. Because in the presence of your twin, there can be nothing between you, nothing blocking your closeness. This means that everything comes up for healing that you haven't previously healed. Everything!When twins reunite, both of them experience an acceleration of their spiritual growth and awakening. They get on the fast track of learning about esoteric wisdom and experiencing other states of consciousness. They usually haven't been together all that often during their series of lives on the planet, and so their backgrounds may be different. Yet, there is a closeness and similarities of spirit that are almost uncanny, noticed in many ways, such as looking back at yourself when you look at your mate, and a remembering of the distant past when you first split up. Guidance is strong with these relationships, and usually one or both have a good channel for communication with Spirit. Their connection is telepathic, and hugging each other is like coming home for nourishment. Antera and Omaran Are Twin Flames Shortly after they met in 1994, they each found this out independently, through their guidance. They knew immediately that they were called together by Spirit, but they had to overcome many obstacles to get together, then many more to stay together. In 1998, they were visited by St. Germain, who asked them to carry the Twin Flame Archetype energies for the planet. They accepted, and special flames were passed from the previous holders to them during a powerful ceremony on the inner planes. After almost a year of probation (unknown to them until it was over), they were taught more and more about how to use these flames. Since then, Antera and Omaran have spread this knowledge of twin flames to many people by sharing their story. Antera's book, Twin Flames: A True Story of Soul Reunion describes the intense experiences she and Omaran went through as they met, drew on Spirit to overcome obstacles to their getting together, then were challenged to heal all unresolved pain in their past so they could move forward with their spiritual service. An amazing, inspiring story of True Love and faith for lightworkers. The book has been turned into a two-person musical, which Antera and Omaran perform. A CD of the songs from the musical, also called Twin Flames is available. They teach workshops, do lectures and performances, and help many couples and individuals through personal sessions. They also do sacred weddings. For more info on Antera and Omaran see their personal website Twinsong.us.email us "


what to use for foundation beams

In addition, cedar is a good choice to use for the support posts, underlying frame and cross beams on decks. The wood is one of the few species which is naturally at home in the outdoors. It is classified as a durable wood by the building codes across North America for outdoor applications.

Cedar Wood Is Used for Beams, Supports, and Foundations Building projects around the home require selecting the right types of materials to use as the foundation. If the foundation is not secure or properly built, whatever is being placed on top will also not be secure. Further, you want to choose materials that do not degrade, rot, or break down over time, as this weakens the foundation. For instance, one common kind of wood used for a variety of foundations, supports, and beams is cedar. There are different cuts, sizes and lengths of cedar available for your projects. When using it for beams, supports, and foundations, it is recommended you select the heartwood. Cedar heartwood contains natural resistances to rot, fungi, decay, and pests and does not have to be sealed using a preservative treatment. You can apply an approved product, if you so desire, before using the wood. However, in most cases where the wood is being covered, like the roofing beams on a house, it is left in its natural state.

Once your framing is completed, you are free to choose from a variety woods for the deck boards and railings, including Ipe, Garapa, Tigerwood, Massaranduba, and Apitong. You could also decide to use cedar for the deck boards. Related posts: Build a New Home Using Cedar Timbers and Beams You Can Find Cedar Wood for Sale to Use for a Variety of Projects The Most Important Feature of Garapa Decking Cedar Wood Is Used for a Variety of Applications This entry was posted in Uncategorized and tagged Cedar wood on January 16, 2014 .