how do plasma membranes work

ane The plasma membrane separates the content of the cell from its external environment. It regulates the movement of substances entering and leaving the cell. It also allows the exchange of nutrients, respiratory gases and wastes products between the cell and its environment

Components of a Cell

Components of a Cell Each cell consists of a plasma membrane and protoplasm The protoplasm consist of cytoplasm and nucleus. Cytoplasm contains many types of organelles. The following is the illustration of the animal cell and plant cell. (Animal Cell) (Plant Cell)Non-Organelle Plasma Membr

Cytoplasm The cytoplasm contain variety of organelle. The function of the cytoplasm is to maintain the shape of the cell. It acts as a medium for the biochemical reactions occur within the cell It also store chemical substances such as glicogen granules (in animal cells), starch granules (inplant cells) and enzymes. Cell Wall The cell wall only contain in plant cell. It support the cell and the plant and maintain the shape of the cell. It also prevents the cell from bursting when too much water enters the cell through osmosis. It allows substances to move through it. Nucleus The nucleus contains the genetic material of a cell. It controls the activities of the cell. It also produces ribosomes and ribonucleic acids (RNA). Organelle Endoplasmic Recticulum (ER)- Rough Endoplasmic Recticulum: Transporting the newly synthesised protein. Involve in the systhesis of protein. Provides surface for chemical reaction- Smooth Endoplasmic Recticulum: Transporting lipids and glycerols. Synthesising lipids and other non-protein substances. Mitochonrion Produces ATP (Adenosine triphosphate. )Site of energy production through cellular respiration. Ribosomes Site for synthesising protein. Golgi Apparatus Site for the production of enzyme andlysosome. Produces polysacharides, glycoproteins andsecretory enzyme. Storing and modifying carbohydrate and glycoprotein. Transport and store lipid. Vacuole Stores food (Carbohydrate, amino acid) and water. Support herbaceous plants when it is turgid. Stores organic waste (in leaf cells). Chloroplast Contain chlorophyll and hence a site for photosynthesis to take place. Centrosome The centrosome is served as the main microtubule organizing center (MTOC) of the animal cell as well as a regulator of cell-cycle progression. It form spindle fibres during cell division in animal cell. Lysosomes Lysosomes contain hydrolytic enzymes that digest or break down complex organic molecules such as proteins, polysaccharides and lipids. The enzymes eliminate worn out organelles and damaged organelles. Golgi Apparatus The golgi apparatus processes proteins and lipids from the endoplasmic reticulum The products are sorted by the Golgi Apparatus and packaged into vesicles The vesicles then release their contents outside the cell. It also responsible to the formation of lysosomes.— Share It —Facebook Twitter Google+ Linkedin Pin It


what is flared gas

nd. A gas flare, alternatively known as a flare stack, is a gas combustion device used in industrial plants such as petroleum refineries, chemical plants, natural gas processing plants as well as at oil or gas production sites having oil wells, gas wells, offshore oil and gas rigs and landfills. North Dakota Flaring of Gas

Gas flare

"""Flaring"" redirects here. For other uses, see Flare (disambiguation). Flare stack at the Shell Haven refinery in Engla

In industrial plants, flare stacks are primarily used for burning off flammable gas released by pressure relief valves during unplanned over-pressuring of plant equipment. [1] [2] [3] [4] [5] During plant or partial plant startups and shutdowns, flare stacks are also often used for the planned combustion of gases over relatively short periods. Gas flaring at many oil and gas production sites protects against the dangers of over-pressuring industrial plant equipment. When petroleum crude oil is extracted and produced from onshore or offshore oil wells, raw natural gas associated with the oil is brought to the surface as well. Especially in areas of the world lacking pipelines and other gas transportation infrastructure, vast amounts of such associated gas are commonly flared as waste or unusable gas. The flaring of associated gas may occur at the top of a vertical flare stack (as in the adjacent photo) or it may occur in a ground-level flare in an earthen pit. Preferably, associated gas is reinjected into the reservoir, which saves it for future use while maintaining higher well pressure and crude oil producibility. [6] The Obama administration implemented rules curbing flaring, and subsequently the Trump administration attempted to delay implementation of the rules. In October 2017 a federal magistrate judge vacated the Department of Interior's move to delay implementation. [7]Contents1 Overall flare system in industrial plants2 Impacts of waste flaring associated gas from oil drilling sites and other facilities3 See also4 References5 Further reading6 Media Overall flare system in industrial plants [ edit]Schematic flow diagram of an overall vertical, elevated flare stack system in an industrial plant. When industrial plant equipment items are over-pressured, the pressure relief valve is an essential safety device that automatically release gases and sometimes liquids. Those pressure relief valves are required by industrial design codes and standards as well as by law. The released gases and liquids are routed through large piping systems called flare headers to a vertical elevated flare. The released gases are burned as they exit the flare stacks. The size and brightness of the resulting flame depends upon the flammable material's flow rate in joules per hour (or btu per hour). [4]Most industrial plant flares have a vapor-liquid separator (also known as a knockout drum) upstream of the flare to remove any large amounts of liquid that may accompany the relieved gases. Steam is very often injected into the flame to reduce the formation of black smoke. When too much steam is added, a condition known as ""over steaming"" can occur resulting in reduced combustion efficiency and higher emissions. To keep the flare system functional, a small amount of gas is continuously burned, like a pilot light, so that the system is always ready for its primary purpose as an over-pressure safety system. The adjacent flow diagram depicts the typical components of an overall industrial flare stack system: [1] [2] [3]A knockout drum to remove any oil or water from the relieved gases. A water seal drum to prevent any flashback of the flame from the top of the flare stack. An alternative gas recovery system for use during partial plant startups and shutdowns as well as other times when required. The recovered gas is routed into the fuel gas system of the overall industrial plant. A steam injection system to provide an external momentum force used for efficient mixing of air with the relieved gas, which promotes smokeless burning. A pilot flame (with its ignition system) that burns all the time so that it is available to ignite relieved gases when needed. [8]The flare stack, including a flashback prevention section at the upper part of the stack. Impacts of waste flaring associated gas from oil drilling sites and other facilities [ edit]Flaring of associated gas from an oil well site in Nigeria. Flaring gases from an oil platform in the North Sea. Improperly operated flares may emit methane and other volatile organic compounds as well as sulfur dioxide and other sulfur compounds, which are known to exacerbate asthma and other respiratory problems. Other emissions from improperly operated flares may include, aromatic hydrocarbons ( benzene, toluene, xylenes) and benzapyrene, which are known to be carcinogenic. Flaring can affect wildlife by attracting birds and insects to the flame. Approximately 7,500 migrating songbirds were attracted to and killed by the flare at the liquefied natural gas terminal in Saint John, New Brunswick, Canada on September 13, 2013. [9] Similar incidents have occurred at flares on offshore oil and gas installations. [10] Moths are known to be attracted to lights. A brochure published by the Secretariat of the Convention on Biological Diversity describing the Global Taxonomy Initiative describes a situation where "" a taxonomist working in a tropical forest noticed that a gas flare at an oil refinery was attracting and killing hundreds of these [hawk or sphinx] moths. Over the course of the months and years that the refinery was running a vast number of moths must have been killed, suggesting that plants could not be pollinated over a large area of forest "". [11]As of the end of 2011, 150 × 10 9 cubic meters (5.3 × 10 12 cubic feet) of associated gas are flared annually. That is equivalent to about 25 per cent of the annual natural gas consumption in the United States or about 30 per cent of the annual gas consumption in the European Union. [12] If it were to reach market, this quantity of gas (at a nominal value of $5.62 per 1000 cubic feet) would be worth $29.8 billion USD. [13]Also as of the end of 2011, 10 countries accounted for 72 per cent of the flaring, and twenty for 86 per cent. The top ten leading contributors to world gas flaring at the end of 2011, were (in declining order): Russia (27%), Nigeria (11%), Iran (8%), Iraq (7%), United States (5%), Algeria (4%), Kazakhstan (3%), Angola (3%), Saudi Arabia (3%) and Venezuela (3%). [14]That amount of flaring and burning of associated gas from oil drilling sites is a significant source of carbon dioxide (CO 2) emissions. Coupled with fossil fuel combustion and cement production, flaring's carbon dioxide emissions in 2010 have tripled (1300 ± 110 Gt CO2) compared to the last recording (years 1750-1970, 420 ± 35 Gt CO had been emitted.) [15] 2400 × 10 6 tons of carbon dioxide are emitted annually in this way and it amounts to about 1.2 per cent of the worldwide emissions of carbon dioxide. That may seem to be insignificant, but in perspective it is more than half of the Certified Emissions Reductions (a type of carbon credits) that have been issued under the rules and mechanisms of the Kyoto Protocol as of June 2011. [12] [16]Satellite data show that from 2005 to 2010, global gas flaring decreased by about 20%. The most significant reductions in terms of volume were made in Russia (down 40%) and Nigeria (down 29%). [12] [17]See also [ edit]Blowdown stack Environmental issues in the Niger Delta Flue-gas stack Fugitive emissions Relief valve References [ edit]^ a b EPA/452/B-02-001, Section 3.0: VOC Controls, Section 3.2: VOC Destruction Controls, Chapter 1: Flares. (A U. S. Environmental Protection Agency report, dated September 2000. )^ a b A. Kayode Coker (2007). Ludwig's Applied Process Design for Chemical And Petrochemical Plants, Volume 1 (4th ed.). Gulf Professional Publishing. pp. 732–737. ISBN 0-7506-7766-X.^ a b Sam Mannan (Editor) (2005). Lee's Loss Prevention in the Process Industries: Hazard Identification, Assessment and Control, Volume 1 (3rd ed.). Elsevier Butterworth-Heinemann. pp. 12/67–12/71. ISBN 978-0-7506-7857-5.^ a b Milton R. Beychok (2005). Fundamentals of Stack Gas Dispersion (Fourth ed.). self-published. ISBN 0-9644588-0-2. (See Chapter 11, Flare Stack Plume Rise ).^ ""A Proposed Comprehensive Model for Elevated Flare Flames and Plumes"", David Shore, Flaregas Corporation, AICh E 40th Loss Prevention Symposium, April 2006.^ Leffler, William (2008). Petroleum Refining in Nontechnical Language. Tulsa, OK: Penn Well. p. 9.^ Lipton, Eric (2017-10-06). ""Courts Thwart Administration's Effort to Rescind Obama-Era Environmental Regulations"". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 2017-10-13.^ Product Overview Ignition Systems [ permanent dead link], Smitsvonk, November 2001. Excellent source of information about flare stack pilot flames and their ignition systems.^ 7,500 songbirds killed at Canaport gas plant in Saint John (online CBC News, September 17, 2013).^ Seabirds at Risk around Offshore Oil Platforms in the North-west Atlantic, Marine Pollution Bulletin, Vol. 42, No. 12, pp. 1,285-1,290, 2001.^ The Global Taxonomy Initiative - The Response to a Problem (scroll down to the section entitled ""Pollinating moths"")^ a b c Global Gas Flaring Reduction Partnership (GGFR), World Bank, October 2011 Brochure.^ Annual Energy Review, Table 6.7 Natural Gas Wellhead, Citygate, and Imports Prices, 1949-2011 (Dollars per Thousand Cubic Feet), United States Energy Information Administration, September 2012.^ Estimated Flared Volumes from Satellite Data, 2007-2011. From the website of the World Bank.^ IPCC. ""IPCC 2014: Summary for Policy Makers. In: Climate Change 2014, Mitigation of Climate Change"" (pdf). Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, NY, USA. Retrieved December 11, 2014.^ Global Gas Flaring Reduction. From the website of the World Bank.^ Estimation of Gas Flaring Volumes Using NASA MODIS Fire Detection Products ( alternative ). Christopher Elvidge et al, NOAA's National Geophysical Data Center (NGDC) annual report, February 8, 2011. Further reading [ edit]Banerjee K.; Cheremisinof N. P.; Cheremisinoff P. N (1985). Flare gas systems pocket handbook. Houston, TX: Gulf Publishing Company. ISBN 0-87201-310-3. Kolmetz, Karl (January 2015). Kolmetz Handbook of Process Equipment Design, Flare systems safety, selection and sizing (PDF). Johor Bahru, Malaysia: KLM Technology Group. Media [ edit]External images World Bank video about reducing flaring Wikimedia Commons has media related to Gas flare. "


what county is piedmont in?

This Piedmont county was named for William Anne Keppel, second Earl of Albemarle and Governor of the Virginia colony from 1737 to 1754. It was formed from Goochland County in 1744, with part of Louisa County added later.

"LOUDOUN COUNTYThis Northern Virginia county, formed from Fairfax County 1757, was named for John Campbell, fourth Earl of Loudoun, who was commander of British forces in North America during the early part of the French and Indian War and Governor of Virginia in 1756-59. The county seat is Leesburg. PRINCE WILLIAM COUNTYNamed for William Augustus, Duke of Cumberland and third son of King George II, this Northern Virginia county was formed from Stafford and King George counties in 1730. Its county seat is Manassas. FAUQUIER COUNTYNamed for Francis Fauquier, Lieutenant Governor of Virginia from 1758 to 1768, this Northern Virginia county, known for its numerous estates, was formed in 1759 from Prince William County. Its county seat is Warrenton. CULPEPER COUNTYFormed from Orange County in 1749, Culpeper County probably was named for Thomas Culpeper, second Baron Culpeper of Thoresway, Governor of Virginia from 1677 to 1683, whose family long held proprietary rights in the Northern Neck. The county seat is Culpeper. MADISON COUNTYIn the hills of the Piedmont, against the Blue Ridge Mountains, Madison County was formed from Culpeper County in 1792 and was named for James Madison, who then represented the area in Congress. The county seat is Madison. ORANGE COUNTYFormed from Spotsylvania County in 1734, this pastoral Piedmont county probably was named for William IV, Prince of Orange-Nassau, who married Princess Anne, eldest daughter of King George II, that same year. Its county seat is Orange. LOUISA COUNTYLocated in the heart of the Virginia Piedmont, this rural county was named in honor of Princess Louisa, a daughter of King George II. It was formed from Hanover County in 1742. Its county seat is Louisa. ALBEMARLE COUNTY

The county seat is Charlottesville. Fluvanna County Fluvanna County takes its name from the 18th-century term for the upper James River, meaning ""river of Anne,"" in honor of Queen Anne. It was formed from Albermarle County in 1777. The county seat is Palmyra. Itinerary Home | List of Sites | Main Map | Learn More | "


tangle definition

tangle ( third-person singular simple present tangles, present participle tangling, simple past and past participle tangled) ( intransitive) to become mixed together or intertwined Her hair was tangled from a day in the wind. ( intransitive) to be forced into some kind of situation ( intransitive) to enter into an argument, conflict, dispute, or fight Don't tangle with someone three times your size. He tangled with the law.

tangle

tanglenavigation search Contents [ hide ]1 English1.1 Pronunciation1.2 Etymology 11.2.1 Verb1.2.1.1 Synonyms1.2.1.2 Antonyms1.2.1.3 Derived terms1.2.1.4 Translations1.2.2 Noun1.2.2.1 Synonyms1.2.2.2 Translations1.3 Etymology 21.3.1 Noun1.4 Further reading1.5 Anagrams English [ edit]Wikipedia has an article on: tangle Pronunciation [ edit]IPA ( key): /ˈtæŋ.ɡəl/Audio (US) ( also) ( US) IPA ( key): /ˈteɪŋ.ɡəl/Rhymes: -æŋɡəl Etymology 1 [ edit]From Middle English tanglen, probably of North Germanic origin, compare Swedish taggla ( “ to disorder ”), Old Norse þǫngull, þang ( “ tangle; seaweed ”), see Etymology 2 below. Verb [ edit]

( transitive) to mix together or intertwine ( transitive) to catch and hold quotations ▼Synonyms [ edit] ( to become mixed together or intertwined): dishevel, tousle ( to be forced into some kind of situation): drag, drag in, embroil, sweep, sweep up ( to enter into an argument, conflict, dispute, or fight): argue, conflict, dispute, fight ( to mix together or intertwine): entangle, knot, mat, snarl ( to catch and hold): entrap Antonyms [ edit] ( to mix together or intertwine): untangle, unsnarl Derived terms [ edit]entangle Translations [ edit]± show ▼ to become mixed together or intertwined± show ▼ to be forced into some kind of situation± show ▼ to enter into an argument, conflict, dispute, or fight± show ▼ to mix together or intertwine± show ▼ to catch and hold The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables, removing any numbers. Numbers do not necessarily match those in definitions. See instructions at Wiktionary: Entry layout#Translations.show ▼ Translations to be checked Noun [ edit]tangle ( plural tangles)A tangled twisted mass. A complicated or confused state or condition. quotations ▼I tried to sort through this tangle and got nowhere. An argument, conflict, dispute, or fight. ( mathematics) A region of the projection of a knot such that the knot crosses its perimeter exactly four times. A form of art which consists of sections filled with repetitive patterns. Synonyms [ edit] ( tangled twisted mass): knot, mess, snarl ( complicated or confused state or condition): maze, snarl ( argument, conflict, dispute, or fight): argument, conflict, dispute, fight Translations [ edit]± show ▼ tangled twisted mass± show ▼ complicated or confused state or condition± show ▼ argument, conflict, dispute, or fight Etymology 2 [ edit]Of Scandinavian origin; compare Norwegian tongul, Faroese tongul, Icelandic þöngull. Noun [ edit]tangle ( plural tangles)Any large type of seaweed, especially a species of Laminaria . quotations ▼ ( in the plural) An instrument consisting essentiallly of an iron bar to which are attached swabs, or bundles of frayed rope, or other similar substances, used to capture starfishes, sea urchins, and other similar creatures living at the bottom of the sea. Further reading [ edit]tangle in Webster’s Revised Unabridged Dictionary, G. & C. Merriam, 1913tangle in The Century Dictionary, The Century Co., New York, 1911tangle at One Look Dictionary Search Anagrams [ edit]langet, netlag Categories: English 2-syllable words English terms with IPA pronunciation English terms with audio links English terms inherited from Middle English English terms derived from Middle English English terms derived from North Germanic languages English lemmas English verbs English intransitive verbs English transitive verbs English nouns English countable nouns English terms with usage examples en: Mathematics English ergative verbs en: Brown algae


what is a subject access request?

What is a Subject Access Request (SAR)? A Subject Access Request (SAR) is the right of an individual to request any 'personal data' we hold for them. This right is a principle of the Data Protection Act 1998 (DPA), designed to regulate the processing of information from which a living individual can be identified or singled out either from the information on its own or when combined with other information.

What is a Subject Access Request (SAR)?

As part of a SAR, individuals have a right to:a description of the information held about thembe informed of the purposes the information is used forbe informed of the disclosures that are made or might be madebe informed of the source of the information, anda copy of their personal information. Examples of Personal Information you can request The following are examples of personal information (assuming that the information in question can be linked to an identifiable, living individual): Business associates’ contact details CCTV footage Complaints or customer service notes Customer bank statements or related static data (e.g. the content of application forms)Customer medical history Customer spending preferences Customer work experience history (e.g. we may hold evidence of qualifications referenced in a CV submitted to support a business lending application)Employee salary details Notes of meetings from employee disciplinary/grievance hearings Telephone call recordings Please note: The request doesn't have to specify it's a SAR or refer to the DPA; it can be a general request for personal information. This is important as the bank has a tight regulatory deadline of 40 days to meet so identifying these requests within business as usual processes and is vital in assisting us in meeting this timeframe. There is a regulatory requirement to send in a £10 cheque to start the initiation and fulfillment process of processing the SAR request. If you require more information about the Act and their rights, you can contact the Information Commissioner's Office (ICO). Below is a timeline to highlight the process of how a SAR is dealt with till you, the customer will receive their final outcome. A Subject Access Request does not provide the following: Copies of documents - individuals are entitled to their personal information contained in documents, not the documents themselves. Terms and Conditions, marketing correspondence and product literature, as these are not regarded as personal information. Partnerships and Limited Company business information, as this is not personal information. Generating Certificates e.g. Certificate of Good Conduct, Certificate of Debt. Information in relation to a deceased person, as the Act only applies to living individual. Information in relation to another individual, including spouse, business partners, suspected fraudster or a member of staff, as the right is to the individual's personal information, not another person's information. Did we answer your question? Yes No


how can deforestation directly affect living organisms

ts Deforestation causes multiple social and environmental issues. Recently, there has been a growing recognition that immediate and short-term impacts of deforestation jeopardize our lives on Earth. Therefore, it is imperative for us to understand the effects of deforestation on our lives and environment, and utilize the knowledge in with finding effective solutions. First of all, deforestation contributes to an alternation of local and global climate through: Disruption of Natural Cycle. Carbon Cycle. Now we all know that carbon dioxide (CO2) is one of the major contributors to the greenhouse effect (Global Warming). Deforestation, though not widely known, is directly connected to disruption of carbon cycle. The carbon cycle is the movement of carbon between the abiotic environment (the atmosphere and oceans) and living organisms ( see figure 1.0 )Forests serve as a major carbon store as CO2 is taken up from the atmosphere and used to produce fats, proteins and carbohydrates that constitute trees.

Lyrfutures08âs Weblog

The Effects of Deforestation February 3, 2008 · Filed under Effec

In the process of deforestation, trees are either burnt or rot, which releases the carbon stored in trees as CO2. This leads to higher CO2 concentration in atmosphere. Surprisingly, it is estimated that CO2 generated by deforestation accounts one-third of all CO2 releases caused by human ( University of the Western Cape ). Water Cycle. Trees serve an important role in water cycle by drawing water up through their roots and release it into the atmosphere. In rainforests, much of the water circulating through the region’s ecosystem remains within the plants. Deforestation contributes to a drier climate of the region by removing trees, which makes difficult to hold as much water. In addition to climate change, deforestation also harms environment through: Loss of Biological Diversity. The process of deforestation in various geographical regions is contributing to a loss of unique biological diversity, which is happening on an unprecedented scale. Though tropical rainforests account only 6% of Earth’s land surface, almost 70 to 90% of the entire world’s species live in them. Because of deforestation, we are losing astonishingly 50-100 animal species every day ( University of Michigan) The consequence is a massive extinction of the plants and animals Soil Erosion. Deforestation also contributes to runn-off of rainfall and intensified soil erosion. Once forests are cut down, various kinds of nutrients are also washed out of the soil. Also, clearing trees exposes the soil to the sun and makes the soil extremely dry, and therefore, infertile. Furthermore, rainfall washes remaining nutrients into rivers. The soil erosion caused by deforestation leads to a permanent improverishment of huge land areas. For insntace, simply replanting trees will not solve the problems caused by deforestation as the soil would be completely without essential nutrients by the time these trees have matured. Figure 1.0Advertisements Loading...


who does cameron boyce play in liv and maddie

oo!Get ready for some serious LOLs, you guys. In an EXCLUSIVE sneak peek at the Apr. 19 episode of Liv & Maddie called “Prom-A-Rooney.” Obviously. In the hilarious clip, we see Jessie star Cameron Boyce hop over to a different Disney show to meet Maddie ( Shelby Wulfert ). His character is, um, eccentric!

âLiv & Maddieâ: Watch Cameron Boyceâs Character Meet Maddie

News World News April 16, 2015 5:56PM EDT‘Liv & Maddie’: Watch Cameron Boyce’s Character Meet Maddie Casey Mink Who’s ready for an EXCLUSIVE clip from the new episode of ‘Liv & Maddie?’ Yup, us t

Check it out now!Maddie, Meet Craig Meet Craig, everyone!On the upcoming crossover episode of Liv & Maddie, Maddie gets a visit from Craig– oh, sorry, he hasn’t been Craig since he went to magic camp. Yes, it’s ridiculous and absolutely hilarious. Watch it now and we dare you not to laugh!The special Liv & Maddie crossover episode will air on Disney on Apr. 19 at 7:30 pm. Are you excited for the new episode?— Casey Mink Follow @Casey_Mink Click to subscribe to Hollywood Life to get more celeb news. Liv And Maddie More TV News:‘Vampire Diaries’ Sneak Peek: Elena Misses Human Life - Will She Take The Cure? Anna Kendrick Slays One Direction's 'Steal My Girl' On 'Lip Sync Battle' -- Watch Harry Connick Jr. Tells Quentin Alexander To 'Go Home' After 'Idol' Fight -- Watch


define marmite

". Freebase (0.00 / 0 votes)Rate this definition: Marmite Marmite is the brand name for two similar food spreads: the original British version, since 2000 a Unilever product; and a modified version produced in New Zealand by Sanitarium Health Food Company and distributed in Australasia and the Pacific. Marmite is made from yeast extract, a by-product of beer brewing. Other similar products include the Australian Vegemite, the Swiss Cenovis and the German Vitam-R. The British version of the product is a sticky, dark brown food paste with a distinctive, powerful flavour, which is extremely salty.

Definitions &Translations

"Princeton's Word Net (0.00 / 0 votes)Rate this definition:marmite (noun)soup cooked in a large potmarmite (noun)a large pot especially one with legs used e.g. for cooking soup Wiktionary (0.00 / 0 votes)Rate this definition:marmite (Noun)A rounded earthenware cooking pot. Marmite (Noun)Something which people either love or hate Marmite (Verb)To apply Marmite to. Marmite (Proper Noun)A sticky, dark brown, strongly flavoured spread based on a yeast extract (a by-product of beer brewing), eaten on toast, in sandwiches, etc. Origin: marmite. The common noun sense derives from an advertising campaign featuring the slogan ""love it or hate it"

This distinctive taste is reflected in the British company's marketing slogan: ""Love it or hate it."" A version with a different flavour has been manufactured in New Zealand since 1919. This is the only product sold as Marmite in Australasia and the Pacific, whereas elsewhere in the world the British version predominates. The image on the front of the British jar shows a ""marmite"", a French term for a large, covered earthenware or metal cooking pot. British Marmite was originally supplied in earthenware pots, but since the 1920s has been sold in glass jars of approximately the same shape. A thinner version in squeezable plastic jars was introduced in March 2006. Numerology Chaldean Numerology The numerical value of marmite in Chaldean Numerology is: 3Pythagorean Numerology The numerical value of marmite in Pythagorean Numerology is: 7Sample Sentences & Example Usage Professor House: We envisioned and tested the concept of simultaneously treating astronauts’ waste with microbes while producing a biomass that is edible either directly or indirectly, depending on safety concerns, it’s a little strange, but the concept would be a little bit like Marmite or Vegemite, where you’re eating a smear of ‘microbial goo’. Images & Illustrations of marmite "


do hormones diffuse through the membrane

The steroid hormone dissociates from its plasma carrier protein and diffuses across the cell membrane. After gaining entry to the cell, the free hormone binds to an intracellular receptor and alters gene transcription. (b) Receptor-mediated endocytosis.

DispatchSteroid hormones: Interactions with membrane-bound receptors

Volume 9, Issue 13, 1 July 1999, Pages R478-R481Dispatch Steroid hormones: Interactions with membrane-bound receptors Hubert C. Chen 1 Robert V. Farese Jr 2Show morehttps://doi.org/10.1016/S0960-9822 (99)80300-5 Get rights and content Under an Elsevier user license open archive Abstract Steroid hormones are generally thought to pass easily across a plasma membrane into a cell, interacting once inside with soluble nuclear receptors, but recent experiments have demonstrated the importance of membrane-bound receptors in mediating the activity and the metabolism of steroid hormones. Previous article Next article Keywords Biochemistry Cell Biology Introduction Hormones traditionally have been classified into two major groups: hydrophilic peptides or amino acid derivatives, which exert their actions via membrane-bound receptors; and hydrophobic, cholesterol-derived steroids, which diffuse across the cellular membrane and act on receptors at the nuclear level. Such categorization, however, is likely to be an oversimplification. Recent studies suggest that steroidhormones use receptors on cellular membranes both to gain access to the intracellular compartment and to modulate cellular functions. These interactions with cell-surface receptors have important physiological consequences. The classical model of steroid hormone action Clever and Karlson [1] first showed that steroid hormones act at the genomic level in 1960, when they showed that ecdysone can induce ‘puffs’ on giant insect chromosomes. Subsequent observations revealed that a fundamental action of steroid hormones — the induction of protein synthesis — correlated with apparent changes in gene transcription (reviewed in [2] ). The implication was that the chromosome puffs are formed as a consequence of the transcriptional activation of specific genes. Intracellular receptors for steroid hormones were subsequently identified, beginning in the 1960s, and genes encoding many of them were cloned in the 1980s and 1990s. These discoveries were the origins of the classical model for steroid hormone action ( Figure 1a ). In this model, the hydrophobic steroid hormones are transported in the circulation largely bound to plasma carrier proteins. The bound hormones are biologically inactive. According to the ‘free hormone hypothesis’ (reviewed in [3] ), steroid hormones exert their effects after dissociating from the carrier proteins. It is thought that, because of their lipophilic nature, free steroid hormones enter target cells primarily by passive diffusion through the cell membrane. After gaining entry to the cell, steroid hormones act as ligands for nuclear receptors and alter gene transcription (reviewed in [4] ). Download high-res image (91KB) Download full-size image Figure 1. Three ways that a steroid hormone can interact with a cell. (a) The classical model.

The steroid hormone, bound to its plasma carrier protein, is brought into the cell via a cell-surface receptor. The complex is broken down inside the lysosome, and free steroid hormone diffuses into the cell, where it subsequently exerts its action at the genomic level or undergoes metabolism. (c) Signalling through cell-surface receptors. The free steroid hormone alters intracellular signalling by binding to cell-surface receptors. The steroid hormone could exert these effects directly or could alter signalling by blocking the actions of peptide hormones. A cell-surface receptor for a steroid hormone Passive diffusion of steroid hormones across cell membranes does not, however, adequately explain several observations regarding the cellular uptake of steroid hormones. Kinetic studies of steroid hormone metabolism, such as those for vitamin D, have suggested that the non-specific diffusion of free hormones across cell membranes cannot fully account for their clearance rates from the serum [5]. Furthermore, some steroid target tissues express binding sites for carrier proteins (reviewed in [6] ), and certain human breast cancer cells can internalize testosterone/estradiol-binding protein by receptor-mediated endocytosis [7]. These findings have suggested that receptor-mediated uptake of steroid hormones, bound to their carrier proteins, may play a role in steroid metabolism, although the physiological significance of such pathways has been unclear. A recent study by Willnow and colleagues [8] alters our view of steroid hormone metabolism by demonstrating both the existence and the biological importance of a receptor-mediated endocytosis pathway for a steroid-like hormone in its carrier-protein-bound state. These researchers studied ‘knockout’ mice lacking megalin, a membrane receptor that is a member of the low density lipoprotein (LDL) receptor family and is expressed on the apical surfaces of several epithelial cell types, including those in the choroid plexus and the proximal tubule of the kidney. Like several other members of the LDL receptor family, megalin has relatively broad ligand-binding specificity and mediates the cellular uptake of a number of macromolecules. Although most megalin −/− mice die perinatally because of defective forebrain development [9], approximately one in fifty survive to adulthood. It was these mice, which exhibit severe bone malformation and dramatically reduced bone density, that Nykjaer et al. [8] studied. Because megalin had previously been shown to be capable of taking up molecules injected into proximal renal tubules, and because electron microscopy of kidneys from megalin −/− mice demonstrated fewer endocytic organelles than normal, the researchers hypothesized that megalin −/− mice may be unable to resorb certain macromolecules from the urine. To test this hypothesis, Nykjaer et al. [8] performed a simple but key experiment — they compared the urinary proteins of megalin −/− mice with those of wild-type mice by using sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. They found that several low-molecular-weight proteins were present only in the urine of the megalin −/−mice. One of these proteins was identified as vitamin D-binding protein, the principal carrier protein for vitamin D in the serum. The investigators went on to show that urinary excretion of vitamin D-binding protein and 25- (OH) vitamin D3 was markedly increased in megalin −/− mice, and there was an accompanying 80% reduction of plasma 25- (OH) vitamin D 3. Moreover, similar changes could be induced in rats by infusing kidney tubules with receptor-associated protein, a protein that binds to megalin and other LDL-receptor family members and prevents them from binding ligands. Megalin deficiency also decreased the conversion of 25- (OH) vitamin D 3 to its active metabolite, 1,25- (OH) 2 vitamin D 3 , a process that is catalyzed by a mitochondrial hydroxylase in proximal tubular cells. This effect was also produced by infusion of receptor-associated protein in rats. Perfusing rats with tracer-labeled 25- (OH) vitamin D3 bound to vitamin D-binding protein resulted in the recovery of tracer-labeled 1,25- (OH) 2 vitamin D 3 from the serum; in contrast, no tracer-labeled dihydroxylated products were detected in the plasma or the urine of animals co-infused with receptor-associated protein. Thus, the lack of megalin causes both decreased serum levels of 25- (OH) vitamin D 3 and deficiency of 1,25- (OH) 2 vitamin D 3 conversion. The resultant severe vitamin D deficiency apparently accounts for the skeletal deformities and decreased bone density in megalin −/− mice. Taken together, these experiments show that vitamin D, a steroid-like hormone, is taken up in its vitamin D-binding protein-bound state into renal tubular cells via the endocytic receptor megalin, and that the receptor is necessary to maintain normal vitamin D homeostasis. Without this mechanism, there are defects in both the storage and the activation of the hormone. Thus, these studies demonstrate that a receptor-mediated endocytosis pathway not only exists for a steroid-like hormone but also plays a crucial role in the hormone's activity and metabolism ( Figure 1b ). Membrane receptors in steroid hormone action Evidence is accumulating that cell-membrane receptors can not only take up steroid hormones through endocytosis, but also mediate steroid hormone action directly in some cases. Steroid hormones sometimes elicit extremely fast cellular responses (within seconds to minutes), which are too rapid to be attributed to induced RNA or protein synthesis. In the late 1960s, Szegoet al. [10] showed that estrogen acutely raised cyclic AMP levels in rat uterus; several years later, Pietras et al. [11] identified specific binding sites for estrogen at the outer surfaces of isolated endometrial cells. Since then, steroid hormone action has been implicated in the opening and closing ion channels, the generation of second messengers, and thephosphorylation of transcription factors (reviewed in [12] ), all independent of any action at the genomic level. How do steroid hormones act at the cell membrane? One way seems to involve direct binding of steroids to receptors ofpeptide hormones. Grazzini et al. [13] have recently elucidated the mechanism by which progesterone, a steroid hormone essential for maintaining mammalian pregnancy, can effect uterine quiescence without changing gene expression or protein synthesis. They found that progesterone directly inhibited the activity of oxytocin, a peptide capable of inducing uterine contractions, by binding to cell-surface oxytocin receptors. This action of progesterone reduced two functional consequences of oxytocin signalling: production of the second messengerinositol-1,4,5-triphosphate and an increase in intracellular calcium concentration. These results therefore illustrate another mechanism of steroid hormone action — the modulation of signalling through cell-surface receptors ( Figure 1c ). In some instances, steroid hormones might also bind specifically to cell-surface steroid hormone receptors [14]. Why are there multiple pathways of steroid action? Why should steroid hormones interact with receptors both at the cell surface and in the nucleus? Szego [15] has suggested that the synthesis of macromolecules as a result of genomic actions of steroid hormones must be preceded by rapid changes in the cellular environment to ‘prime’ the cell and support such activity. These preparative changes may include altered ion influxes, import of amino acids and sugars, or phosphorylation of key enzymes, all of which could be triggered by interactions of steroid hormones with cell-surface receptors. The interaction of steroid hormones with endocytic receptors could serve to target steroids to specific cell types in order to augment their effects or metabolism. In contrast to the classical model, in which steroid hormones diffuse into target tissues in a non-specific fashion, receptor- mediated endocytosis could serve to concentrate steroid hormones in particular cell types, thereby increasing hormonal activity at the target tissues without exposing the rest of the organism to equally high levels of the hormone. Alternatively, as shown for vitamin D and megalin, receptor-mediated endocytosis of the carrier protein– steroid hormone complex might target a hormone to a specific cell type that is important for its metabolism. Perspectives Recent advances have demonstrated the importance of membrane-bound receptors in mediating the activity and the metabolism of steroid hormones. These new discoveries raise a number of questions. Are the cases discovered above isolated findings, or are many steroid hormones capable of interacting with cell-surface receptors? If so, which steroids and receptors are involved, and what roles do these interactions play in their actions or metabolism? These advances may also have important medical implications. For example, thesereceptor– steroid interactions might provide new sites for therapeutic interventions: perhaps a compound that solely antagonizes the receptor-mediated uptake of bound steroid hormones would be more efficacious or cause fewer side effects than a non-selective steroid antagonist. Functional studies of specific receptors may provide answers to these questions. Acknowledgements We thank Jane Peredo for manuscript preparation, John Carroll for graphics, Gary Howard and Stephen Ordway for editorial assistance, and David Pearce for comments on the manuscript. References References [1] U Clever, P Karlson Induktion von Puff-Veranderungen in Speicheldrusenchromosomen von Chironomus tentans durch Ecdyson Exp Cell Res, 20 ( 1960), pp. 623 - 626 [2] GM Tomkins, DW Martin Hormones and gene expression Annu Rev Genetics, 4 ( 1970), pp. 91 - 106 [3] CM Mendel, The free hormone hypothesis: A physiologically based mathematical model, Endocr Rev 1989, 10 232-274. [4] M Beato Gene regulation by steroid hormones Cell, 56 ( 1989), pp. 335 - 344 [5] PK Siiteri, JT Murai, GL Hamond, JA Nisker, WJ Raymoure, RW Kuhn The serum transport of steroid hormones Recent Prog Horm Res, 38 ( 1982), pp. 457 - 510 [6] CS Porto, MFM Lazari, LC Abreu, CW Bardin, GL Gunsalus Receptors for androgen-binding proteins: Internalization and intracellular signalling J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol, 53 ( 1995), pp. 1 - 6 [7] CS Porto, GL Gunsalus, CW Bardin, DM Phillips, NA Musto Receptor-mediated endocytosis of an extracellular steroid-binding protein (Te BG) in MCF-7 human breast cancer cells Endocrinology, 129 ( 1991), pp. 436 - 445 [8] A Nykjaer, D Dragun, D Walther, H Vorum, C Jacobsen, J Herz, F Melsen, EI Christensen, TE Willnow An endocytic pathway essential for renal uptake and activation of the steroid 25- (OH) vitamin D3Cell, 96 ( 1999), pp. 507 - 515 [9] TE Willnow, S Hilpert, SA Armstrong, A Rohlmann, RE Hammer, DK Burns, J Herz Defective forebrain development in mice lacking gp330/megalin Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, 93 ( 1996), pp. 8460 - 8464 [10] CM Szego, JS Davis Adenosine 3′,5′-monophosphate in rat uterus: Acute elevation by estrogen Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, 58 ( 1967), pp. 1711 - 1718 [11] RJ Pietras, CM Szego Specific binding sites for oestrogen at the outer surfaces of isolated endometrial cells Nature, 265 ( 1977), pp. 69 - 72 [12] CS Watson, B Gametchu Membrane-initiated steroid actions and the proteins that mediate them Proc Soc Exp Biol Med, 220 ( 1999), pp. 9 - 19 [13] E Grazzini, G Guillon, B Mouillac, HH Zingg Inhibition of oxytocin receptor function by direct binding of progesterone Nature, 392 ( 1998), pp. 509 - 512 [14] M Orchinik, TF Murray, FL Moore A corticosteroid receptor in neuronal membranes Science, 252 ( 1991), pp. 1848 - 1851 [15] CM Szego Cytostructural correlates of hormone action: new common ground in receptor-mediated signal propagation for steroid and peptide agonists Endocrine, 2 ( 1994), pp. 1079 - 1093Vitae HC Chen and RV Farese Jr, Gladstone Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Cardiovascular Research Institute and Department of Medicine, University of California at San Francisco, P. O. Box 419100, San Francisco, California 94141-9100, USA. E-mail address for HC Chen: hccl@itsa.ucsf.edu. Copyright © 1999 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.


who proposed the xy theory

Douglas Mc Gregor's XY Theory, managing an X Theory boss, and William Ouchi's Theory Z Douglas Mc Gregor, an American social psychologist, proposed his famous X-Y theory in his 1960 book 'The Human Side Of Enterprise'.

Mcgregor XY Theory of Management

BACKMcgregor XY Theory of Management Douglas Mc Gregor first proposed his famous XY Theory in 1960 to help people develop a more positive management style View Files Table of contents1. Douglas Mc Gregor's XY Theory, managing an X Theory boss, and William Ouchi's Theory Z 1.1. Theory X ('authoritarian management' style)1.2. Theory Y ('participative management' style)1.3. Theory Z - William Ouchi

Theory x and theory y are still referred to commonly in the field of management and motivation, and whilst more recent studies have questioned the rigidity of the model, Mcgregor's X-Y Theory remains a valid basic principle from which to develop positive management style and techniques. Mc Gregor's XY Theory remains central to organizational development, and to improving organizational culture. Mc Gregor's X-Y theory is a salutary and simple reminder of the natural rules for managing people, which under the pressure of day-to-day business are all too easily forgotten. Mc Gregor's ideas suggest that there are two fundamental approaches to managing people. Many managers tend towards theory x, and generally get poor results. Enlightened managers use theory y, which produces better performance and results, and allows people to grow and develop. Mc Gregor's ideas significantly relate to modern understanding of the Psychological Contract, which provides many ways to appreciate the unhelpful nature of X-Theory leadership, and the useful constructive beneficial nature of Y-Theory leadership. Theory X ('authoritarian management' style)The average person dislikes work and will avoid it if he/she can. Therefore most people must be forced with the threat of punishment to work towards organisational objectives. The average person prefers to be directed; to avoid responsibility; is relatively unambitious, and wants security above all else. Theory Y ('participative management' style)Effort in work is as natural as work and play. People will apply self-control and self-direction in the pursuit of organisational objectives, without external control or the threat of punishment. Commitment to objectives is a function of rewards associated with their achievement. People usually accept and often seek responsibility. The capacity to use a high degree of imagination, ingenuity and creativity in solving organisational problems is widely, not narrowly, distributed in the population. In industry the intellectual potential of the average person is only partly utilised. Theory Z - William Ouchi First things first - Theory Z is not a Mcgregor idea and as such is not Mcgregor's extension of his XY theory. Theory Z was developed by William Ouchi, in his book 1981 'Theory Z: How American management can Meet the Japanese Challenge'. William Ouchi is professor of management at UCLA, Los Angeles, and a board member of several large US organisations. Theory Z is often referred to as the 'Japanese' management style, which is essentially what it is. It's interesting that Ouchi chose to name his model 'Theory Z', which apart from anything else tends to give the impression that it's a Mcgregor idea. One wonders if the idea was not considered strong enough to stand alone with a completely new name... Nevertheless, Theory Z essentially advocates a combination of all that's best about theory Y and modern Japanese management, which places a large amount of freedom and trust with workers, and assumes that workers have a strong loyalty and interest in team-working and the organisation. Theory Z also places more reliance on the attitude and responsibilities of the workers, whereas Mcgregor's XY theory is mainly focused on management and motivation from the manager's and organisation's perspective.


what is the function of rotator cuff tendon

o FUNCTION: be a force couple to control the head of the humerus on the glenoid fossa 5th Rotator Cuff muscle: Long head of the bicep brachii Function of the 5th rotator cuff muscle: prevents superior migration of the humeral head *during shoulder ELEVATION the RTC compresses and inferiorly glides the humeral head.

The Rotator Cuff Muscles

6 terms it339245The Rotator Cuff Muscles Includes the function, origin, insertion, nerve innervation, and information about the following; Supraspinatus, Infraspinatus, Teres Minor, Subscapularis Also includes kinesiology of the shoulder complex Learn Flashcards Write Spell Test Match Gravity Advertisement Upgrade to remove ads Like this study set? Create a free account to save it. Create a free account Maybe later Sort Supraspinatus FUNCTION: Shoulder Abduction (w/the middle deltoid) ORIGIN: Supraspinatus Fossa INSERTION: Greater Tuberosity NERVE INNERVATION: Suprascapular Nerve EXTRA INFO: Most common rotator cuff injury due to location directly underneath the acromion (tight space) Critical Zone Area (where and why): where the supraspinatus inserts into the Greater tuberosity (where) because it is an area with poor blood supply (why)Infraspinatus FUNCTION: External Rotation ORIGIN: Infraspinatus Fossa INSERTION: Greater Tuberosity NERVE INNERVATION: Suprascapular Nerve EXTRA INFO: Most active when = arm is in neutral performing external rotation (ER) . Attributes 90% of power (strength, force) during external rotation (ER)Teres Minor FUNCTION: External Rotation ORIGIN: lateral (axillary) border of the scapula INSERTION: Greater Tuberosity NERVE INNERVATION: Axillary Nerve EXTRA INFO: Most active when = in EXTERNAL rotation (ER) with shoulder abducted to 90 degrees. Subscapularis FUNCTION: Internal Rotation ORIGIN: Subscapular Fossa INSERTION: Lesser Tuberosity NERVE INNERVATION: Subscapular Nerve EXTRA INFO: Provides 50% of rotator cuff strength Main internal Rotator Kinesiology of the Shoulder Complex (during shoulder elevation) STERNOCLAVICULAR JOINT: posterior axial rotation of clavicle (31 degrees), retraction, and elevation ACROMIOCLAVICULAR JOINT: posterior tilting of the scapula (19 degrees) GLENOHUMERAL JOINT: elevation and external rotation (ER) SCAPULOTHORACIC JOINT: abduction and upward rotation Rotator Cuff Inf


who is the new york county clerk

Idoni Honored as New York's County Clerk of the Year County Clerk Wins Two State Awards Westchester County Clerk Tim Idoni was honored by his peers with two prestigious awards on June 12, 2017 at the New York State Association of County Clerks (NYSACC) conference held in Lake Placid, New York.

Idoni, currently serving in his twelfth year as the county’s recorder of land records and Clerk of the Supreme and County Courts, was hailed for his leadership in professional management processes, legislative advocacy and twenty-first century technological advancements. These are the ninth and tenth awards won since 2010, primarily for technological leadership and fiscal efficiency through systems that can be duplicated in counties all over the country.read more... Technology Advances Continue, County Clerk Releases 2016 Annual Report Details Historic Levels of E-Documents The 2016 Annual Report of The Westchester County Clerk’s Office proudly highlights the continued strength and growth of its electronic filing systems, through which legal and land records pass through on their way to filing and recordation. The system is not only responsible for insuring documents are safely processed and secured but also account for a majority of the funds collected by the office over the past year. The office collected $ 204,444,018.00 in revenue in 2016 of which $ 28,159,361.98 was turned over to the county of Westchester. The expenditures for the operation of the Clerk’s office in 2016, totaling $ 6,344,163.50 are more than offset by the $ 9,303,259.00 in departmental fees received.read more...2017 Mobile Passport Office Coming to A Town Near You!We're currently scheduling community visits for our Mobile Passport Office's 2017 season. At the Mobile Office, our Community Outreach staff can assist residents to apply for a United States Passport, including taking passport photos on site. On average, over 900 applications are accepted each year at our Mobile Passport Office. Please see our Calendar of Events for dates when the Mobile Office will be coming to your community, and check back often, as new dates are being added.read more... Tutorials Available on County Clerk's You Tube Channel Westchester County Clerk's You Tube Channel Features Tutorials on Using Our WRO and PREP Systems The Westchester County Clerk’s You Tube Channel features eight tutorial videos on using Westchester Records Online (WRO) to search for land and legal records and using the Property Records Electronic Portal (PREP) to record land records in Westchester County. Tutorials for WRO and PREP include: WRO PREPSearching Maps The Basics of Using PREPBasics of Searching Land Records Entering a Deed in PREPBasics of Searching Legal Records Entering a Mortgage in PREPViewing Images as a Registered User Entering a Satisfaction in PREPread more... Need a Document? Check Westchester Records Online Search thousands of Westchester County Clerk records right from your home or office through our online portal, Westchester Records Online (WRO) , by clicking the ""Records Online"" button on the left. You can find records ranging from 18th century deeds to judgments entered in our Legal Division last week to subdivision maps and atlases spanning the entire history of Westchester County. There is a fee to view images of documents (to offset the cost of scanning these documents), but quite a bit of data about a document is available free of charge. Click on ""Records Online"" and follow the instructions on the screen to get started. Sensitive documents such as matrimonial judgments or other sealed documents are not available online and require you to visit our office in White Plains and show proper identification. For more information, call 914-995-3080.read more about searching court records...read more about searching property records... "


do you have to be a us citizen to be a police officer

re. I am not a United States citizen, can I still become a police officer? Laws and hiring policies differ from state to state and agency to agency regarding citizenship requirements. Generally, most agencies require you to be either a U. S. citizen or a permanent resident alien. If you have more specific questions regarding citizenship requirements, you should contact a law enforcement recruiter at an agency in your area.

Becoming a Cop - FAQs

Print Become a Cop >> Browse Articles >> Career Resources+15Becoming a Cop - FAQs Tweet23 Comments Police Link These FAQs are intended to answer some of the most common questions we receive here at Police Link asking how to land a career as a law enforcement officer. We encourage anyone interested in a law enforcement career to begin their journey by using the comprehensive guides we have put together. These guides cover everything you’ll need to know on how to separate yourself from the competition in your job search: Ten Steps to Joining the Force- This guide will walk you through the entire process of searching for a job with a law enforcement agency. Ten Steps to Joining the Force – For Military Service Members- Written in conjunction with Military.com, and specifically for current and former military service members, this guide will prepare you for a transition from the military into a civilian law enforcement job. If after reading the Ten Steps guides, or the FAQs below, you still have questions, please visit the The Lobby in our discussion forums and review the past discussions or ask your own question the

I have a felony conviction, can I still become a police officer? No. Felonies, weather committed as a juvenile or adult, and whether sealed or not, are automatic disqualifiers for a position as a police officer. I have past drug use, can I still become a police officer? Every agency has different hiring policies regarding past drug use. Some agencies will overlook certain drug use after a certain amount of time and some will overlook the past use of certain drugs. Certain past drug use will always be a disqualifier. Your best course of action would be to contact the specific agencies you want to work for and ask about their requirements. How do I search for a police job? The Police Link Career Center has the largest law enforcement career network on the Internet. Am I too old for a job as a police officer? Other than federal law enforcement agencies, which have a maximum hiring age of 37, most police departments do not have a maximum hiring age. However, it is recommended that you contact a recruiter for any specific agencies you want to apply to, just to make sure. Are there any scholarships available for putting me through a police academy? If you are attending a police academy that is affiliated with a college or university, and are receiving college credits for your time at the academy, then you may be eligible to receive traditional scholarships, grants, and/or financial aid. Police Link has put together the largest database of law enforcement and criminal justice scholarships available, and it is free to use for all Police Link members. How do I become a police dispatcher? There are countless dispatchers who are members of Police Link who can answer questions about a career as a dispatcher. Please visit the Police Link Forums and Police Link Groups to read through the topics on dispatching and to ask your own questions. I’m in high school. What can I do to prepare for a police career? One of the best programs you can participate in is the Law Enforcement Explorer program. Speak with your school’s School Resource Officer ( SRO) and ask him / her how you can get involved in your local Explorer program. Related Reads Ten Steps to Joining the Force How to Get Into the Police Academy The Police Oral Board Secret Weapon Mastering the FBI Fitness Test


why are ural mountains considered a natural boundary

A natural boundary between Europe and Asia The Urals are traditionally used to mark the easternmost boundary of Europe into Asia. West of the Urals lay the European prairies of Russia, while on the East spans Siberia for thousands of miles, up to the Pacific Ocean. A natural barrier for humans The Urals have been a natural barrier for humans.

Facts about the Ural Mountains, boundary between Europe and Asia What are the Urals? The Ural Mountains are an ancient mountain range located at the extreme eastern limit of Europe. They are notably associated with the boundary between Europe and Asia. Ural Mountains, by Ugraland. Licensed under Creative Commons Where are the Urals exactly located? The Urals stretch for 1,500 mi roughly north to south from the Arctic Ocean down to central Russia, where the Ural River flows. The Urals are mainly located in Russia, although the southern part reaches Northern Kazakhstan. Location of the Ural mountains, adapted from “Location map of Russia” by Uwe Dedering. This file is licensed under Creative Commons Location map of Russia Location map of Russia Since when are the Urals on the face of Earth and why? The Urals appeared nearly 300 million years ago as a consequence of the collision between two continents that are no longer there, Laurussia and Kazakhstania. In other words, while other mountain ranges appeared because of collision of still-existing continents – like Europe and Africa for the Alps – the Urals are vestiges of long-gone tectonic activity. Are the Urals high? Nope. The Urals are not very high if compared to other mountain ranges. Their highest peak is Mount Narodnaya, which peaks at 6,217 ft above the sea level. However, although not very high in average, the Urals are considered relatively high for their age. A river in the Urals

During World War II Soviet forces planned to retreat east of the Urals in case Nazi’s invasion would have been eventually successful. Climate impact The Urals act as a natural barrier to winds from the Atlantic. After blowing east from the ocean for thousands of miles through European central plains, those winds are stopped by the Urals. As a result, the region east of the Urals – Siberia – is in average colder and dryer. The treasure chest of Russia The Urals are reach in a variety of minerals, ores, precious stones, oil and coal. Sunset over Shugor River in Polar Urals


what propels an icbm

The older missiles, such as the V2 rocket used by Nazi Germany during WWII and the first ballistic missiles built by the US all used liquid fuel. In many cases, the fuel in a liquid propellant ballistic missile is liquid hydrogen whereas the oxidizer is liquid oxygen.

How does a Ballistic Missile Work?

A ballistic missile is a type of large and powerful missile designed to deliver a warhead across large distances to a predetermined target. Ballistic missiles follow suborbital trajectories, reaching space (100 km+) altitudes and exiting the Earth’s atmosphere, in some cases traveling as high as 1,200 km over the surface for intercontinental ballistic missiles. Such missiles are called “ballistic” because after an initial boost phase, the rest of the course is usually determined by ballistics. A smooth parabolic line. Ballistic missiles come in many shapes and sizes. In the United States, ballistic missiles are divided into four range classes:intercontinental ballistic missile ( ICBM) – over 5500 kilometersintermediate-range ballistic missile (IRBM) – 3000 to 5500 kilometersmedium-range ballistic missile (MRBM) 1000 to 3000 kilometersshort-range ballistic missile (SRBM) up to 1000 kilometers For ranges less than 350 km, the ballistic missile never leaves the Earth’s atmosphere. Note that the only three ballistic missiles ever actually used in battle were only in the short-range category, and contained conventional explosives. Most ballistic missiles in existence today are meant to carry nuclear warheads, though none of these have been used in war yet. Ballistic missiles use either a solid or liquid fuel.

The two must be kept at cryogenic temperatures or they revert to a gas phase. During launch, the two gases are rapidly pumped out of storage chambers in the presence of a spark, which ignites the mixture and propels the rocket forward. The byproduct of the burning fuel is water vapor. The liquid phases of these hydrogen and oxygen are desirable for rocketry because of their improved energy density over the gas phase. Another upside is that liquid-propelled ballistic missiles can have their engines throttled, turned off, or restarted as desired. A downside is that storage of such missiles is a hassle, as the fuel requires constant refrigeration to be ready for launch. Another variety of liquid propellant are hypergolic propellants. Hypergolic propellants ignite on contact, requiring no ignition source. This is useful for frequent starting and restarting for space maneuvering applications. The most popular version uses monomethyl hydrazine (MMH) for the fuel and nitrogen tetroxide (N2O4) for the oxidizer. More modern ballistic missiles use solid fuels, as they are easier to store and maintain. The Space Shuttle, for instance, uses two reusable solid boosters, each filled with 1.1 million pounds (453,600 kg) of propellant. The fuel used in powdered aluminum (16%), with iron powder (0.07%) as a catalyst, and ammonium perchlorate (70%) as the oxidizer. Most ballistic missiles are designed to reach their target in between 15 and about 30 minutes, even if the target is on the other side of the world. Because they are so essential for national security, they are among the most carefully built machines on the planet. Ad


when did they start putting seat belts in cars

ing Early cars had no seat belts. In the 1930s, doctors began installing seat belts in their cars, realizing that accidents were increasing along with cars' speed and popularity. In 1955, California was the first state to require cars to have seat belts installed before sale. This became U. S. law in 1968.

Cars & Transportation Safety When were seatbelts first installed in cars? I imagine that the earliest cars went too slow to require seat belts.2 following 5 answers Answers Relevance Rating Newest Oldest Best Answer: Seat Belt Legistlation in the World http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seat_belt_l... EVOLMENT OF SEAT BELTS.. AND IMANDATORY SEAT BELT INSTALLTIONS LAW MANDATORY FOR SEAT BELTS IN 1968 The first seat belts were not installed in cars by auto manufacturers. Early automobiles did not go particularly fast, and there were relatively few cars on the road. As the number of motor vehicles increased, so did the amount of danger. In the 1930s, a number of physicians, seeing the results of traffic accidents, lobbied car makers to create some sort of restraining device to keep people from being thrown from a car in an accident. Several doctors actually designed their own lap belts and installed them in their autos. It was not until the 1950s that seat belts began to appear with some regularity. In 1954 the Sports Car Club of America began to require drivers to wear lap belts as they raced. Soon afterward such groups as the National Safety Council (NSC), American College of Surgeons, and International Association of Chiefs of Police issued their own recommendations for the manufacture and installation of seat belts. SWEDISH VOLVO BEGAN MARKING THE LAP BELT IN 1956/ IN THEIR CARS.. FORD AND CRYSLER DECIDED TO OFFER SEAT LAP BELT ( AFTER VOLVO. SET THE PACE.. AND BECAME LAW IN USA UNTIL 1968 The Swedish auto manufacturer Volvo began marketing lap belt in 1956; that same year both Ford and Chrysler decided to offer lap belts as well. Seat belts were not required by law, though, in the United States until 1968 * wikipedia too) and Car Seat Belt .. . http://www.ehow.com/about_5110697_histor...http://www.enotes.com/everyday-law-encyc... Zena IC XC NIKA · 8 years ago0 1 Comment Asker's rat

Source (s):http://www.seatbeltdefects.com/history/index.html Utsav M · 8 years ago0 0 Comment The UC Berkeley Traffic Safety Center reports that seat belts first appeared in American cars in the early 1900s, but they were popular because they kept passengers from falling out during bumpy rides, not as a safety precaution against accidents. After all, there weren't many cars on the roads at this time, so crashes weren't a big concern... Seat belts were later added to airplanes and then to racecars in the 1920s. In the 1930s, several U. S. physicians began adding lap belts to their own cars and urging manufacturers to do the same, according to Britain's Royal Society for the Prevention of Accidents.. In 1950, American automaker Nash emerged with the first factory-installed seat belts in the Statesman and Ambassador models, which consisted of a single belt that stretched across your lap. In 1954, the Sports Car Club of America began requiring competing drivers to wear lap belts. When it came to auto manufacturers developing seat belts, Volvo led the pack. In 1956, Volvo introduced a two-point cross-chest diagonal belt. The same year, Ford and Chrysler offered lap belts as an option on some models. Volvo created anchors for two-point diagonal belts in the front seat in 1957. In 1958, Volvo engineer Nils Bohlin developed a three-point safety belt with straps based on harnesses used by military pilots. The following year, the three-point belt became standard for all Volvos built in Sweden. http://www.ehow.com/about_5110697_histor... UCANTCME · 8 years ago2 0 Comment When Were Seat Belts Invented Source (s):https://shrinke.im/a9bf Hwyze · 1 year ago0 0 Commenthi Joanne, luvda av, victoria/australia introduced compulsory seat belts in 1975. our family car had seat belts front and back from the mid-sixties. Dad was in the tyre business. Source (s):o!yma Anonymous · 8 years ago0 1 Comment Perhaps you would like to learn more about one of these? Want to build a free website? Earn your MBA online!Interested in Life Alert? Train To Be a Project Manager


what do you do in a film production club

And the Atlanta metro area is adding three major movie production complexes in the coming year. We are looking for input on setting up a film production club within the school system that would be open to students from the three high schools within the county.

Does your School Have a Film Production Club? We need you!Our school, Central Educational Center is located 35 miles south of Atlanta, which is rapidly becoming a Hollywood of the south. The Walking Dead is filmed a few miles away… Pinewood Studios is located about 12 miles away along with Raleigh Studios… and more than 6 films were shot nearby the school in the past year, including parts of The Hunger Games.

We are a college and career academy, a charter school within our county school system that gets it student body from three high schools throughout the day… we’re the vocational high school for the county. We’re always trying to attract more kids to our school to help them in their career choices. Students have the choice to take classes at their base school and to come to our school for vocational classes. We currently have a film and television production pathway of three courses, but we’re always looking to grow it. We’re hoping an additional Film Production Club will further attract students and to provide more work experience opportunities. The idea behind this club is to provide an opportunity to further train and to provide work experience for those students who want to enter the film production industry. I’m not talking about just producers, directors, writers, cameramen like everyone wants to do. But also the dolly grips, key grips, gaffers, best boys, set artists, set construction, assistant directors, and the all important production assistant… that one job that everyone starts at. Through relationships with local production houses and rental agencies, club members will get experience in working with film production hardware on real projects… and work with professionals from within the industry. Of course we will not leave out aspects that attract students such as screenwriting, storyboard, location scouting, acting, directing editing, scoring music and so on. Over the course of the school year, one goal of the club may be to produce a short film worthy of film competitions. Any advice, guidance, and experience you have gained and would be willing to share would be appreciated. Contact us with your club information or a profile at


what kind of flour can you use in bread machines

You can successfully substitute all purpose flour for bread flour in you bread machine. This is a guide about recipes using all purpose flour in bread machine.

"Recipes Using All Purpose Flour in Bread Machine Category Bread Machine0 Share Pin Save Follow More

Ad Questions Ask a Question Here are the questions asked by community members. Read on to see the answers provided by the Thrifty Fun community or ask a new question. Question: Recipes Using All Purpose Flour in Bread Machine By cettina [78 Posts, 393 Comments]January 10, 2010I was wondering if anybody has ever successfully used all purpose flour instead of bread flour to make their bread in the bread machine? Bread flour is extremely expensive here in Malta, to the extent that baking your own bread is not cost effective. But plain (called all purpose flour in the U. S.) is very cheap to buy here. If so, could you please share some recipes or direct me to a site which has some good ones? Thank you so much. By cettina from Mallta, Europe Answers By cettina [78 Posts, 393 Comments]January 11, 2010Best Answer Thanks pcheflm. Seems like its ok to use all purpose flour. Just a case of trial and error to see how it comes out. At least, if I'm successful, I can save a ton of money! There are many different recipes for making white bread (using bread flour) so I can try out a few and see which is the best for me. Reply Was this helpful? Yes Answer this Question ... Question: Substituting All Purpose Flour for Bread Flour By jill [8 Posts, 4 Comments]January 11, 2012I received a bread machine and all the recipes call for bread flour. Can you substitute all purpose flour for bread flour? I was about to try it out until I found out I didn't have the right flour. Ad By Jill Answers By Jill [4 Posts, 737 Comments]January 11, 2012You can use all purpose flour, though your bread may not rise as high or be as light as with bread flour. Bread flour has a higher gluten content than all-purpose flour; and gluten creates a ""fibrous"" structure that traps the gasses produced by the yeast fermenting and causes bread to rise. I have used all purpose flour many times, with perfectly satisfactory results! Do try the bread flour, but don't not use your machine if you don't have any on hand! You're going to love it!Reply Was this helpful? Yes By Rita [2 Posts, 17 Comments]January 13, 2012I have never bothered with ""bread flour."" Instead, I purchase a little bag of a product called vital wheat gluten and add a heaping tablespoon per loaf (double that if I'm making rye or whole wheat, which I usually am). This has worked well for me for years. Mine is a 1-1/2 pound machine. Love, love, love it!Ad I get my gluten at Whole Foods, but your grocery store might have it. Bob's Red Mill and King Arthur have it online - and Amazon, of course. Reply Was this helpful? Yes Answer this Question ... Related Content "


which system takes in oxygen and releases carbon dioxide?

The main job of the Respiratory System is to provide the blood with oxygen, so the rest of the body can get oxygen too. The body does this by breathing. Our body breathes in oxygen, and breathes out carbon dioxide. By changing these gases in our bodies, the blood gets oxygen. Molecules of oxygen and carbon dioxide are passively exchanged.

Respiratory System

Respiratory System Functions One of the main functions of the Respiratory system is to take in carbon dioxide and produce oxygen, which keeps us alive. The respiratory system gets oxygen from the air so that cells can change food into enegry. We need energy for our bodies and then we can stay active. It exchanges gases between the body's tissues and the external environment. Ventilation is the mechanics of breathing in and out. When you inhale, muscles in the chest wall contract, lifting the ribs and pulling them, outward. The diaphragm at this time moves downward enlarging the chest cavity. Reduced air pressure in the lungs causes air to enter the lungs. Exhaling reverses theses steps. Major Organs The major organs of the Respiratory System are the nose, trachea, and lungs. The job of the nose is to filter, warm, and moisten. The trachea is the main airway that supplies both lungs. The lungs are two organs in the chest that create respiration.another major organ used daily for breathing is the nose. The conducting zone begins with the nares (nostrils) of the nose, which open into the nasopharynx (nasal cavity). The primary functions of the nasal passages are to: 1) Filter 2) Warm 3) Moisten 4) Provide resonance in speech The Respiratory system also uses the nasal cavity, mouth, larynx, lungs, diaphragm, and bronchial tubes. How it works

The Respiratory System gets oxygen through the mouth, nose, trachea, lungs, and diaphragm. Oxygen enters through the nose and mouth and travels through the larynx and the trachea. The inhaled oxygen then follows a path through your body. At the same time, the blood in the veins releases carbon to alveoli. The diaphragm ’s job is to pump out the carbon dioxide. When the diaphragm relaxes, breathing takes place. How it works with other systems (at least 3 different systems)One system that the Respiratory system works with is the digestive system. Food first goes down to the throat, and moves to the digestive system. It then breaks down the food into smaller substances that the body can use consisting of proteins . Both systems end up helping each other. The Digestive System provides our body with nutrients and the Respiratory System gives the Digestive oxygen. Another system that the Respiratory system works with is the nervous system. The nervous system has a very different job compared to the Respiratory System, the nervous system consists of nerves (which makes you feel things, such as pain). It commands your body what to do by communicating with the brain. It even helps the Respiratory System by letting you notice when you are breathing and have most control. The nervous system is also what tells you to cry or scream when you get hurt. The last system that works with the Respiratory system is the Circulatory system. The circulatory system is the system that transfers the food nutrients and oxygen to our body’s cells. It also helps to transport carbon dioxide and waste products. This helps the respiratory system move nutrients to keep the lungs cleansed. In exchange, the respiratory system lets air in to keep the circulatory system working. Disorders of the respiratory system The lungs have a number of symptoms including difficulty of breathing, coughing, chest pain, and wheezing. Lung cancer is the most common disorders in the lungs. Some of the other lung disorders are inflammation of the lungs, which is caused by viruses or bacteria. Pulmonary embolism happens when a blood clot or other substances goes into the lungs and blocks the major arteries. Another disorder are hiccups. even though no one would think that hiccups would be a disorder. They are commonly cured by breathing into a paper bag. Another disorder is Pharyngitis which is an inflammation of the mucus membrane in the throat, also known as a sore throat. Facts -The right lung is larger than the left lung. -The breathing rate is faster in women and children then in men. -We lose half a liter of water a day just by through breathing. Sourceshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Respiratory_systemhttp ://www.lungusa.org/site/pp.asp?c=dv LUK9O0E&b=40743 http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1E1-pharynx.htmlhttp://www.infoplease.info/ce6/sci/A0838705.htmlhttp://kidshealth.org/kid/word/b/bronchial_tubes.htmlhttp://encarta.msn.com/encnet/refpages/refarticle.aspx?refid=761570316http://www.bartleby.com/107/240.htmlhttp://www.mhhe.com/biosci/ap/vander/student/olc/chap15outline.htmlhttp://biology.clc.uc.edu/Courses/bio105/respirat.htmhttp://www.google.com/search?hl=en&q=define%3A trachea&btn G=Google Search&safe=activehttp://www.franklininstitute.org/learn/heart/systems/respiration.htmlhttp://www.mansfieldct.org/schools/MMS/staff/gnesdilowd/Websites/Respiratory Systemby Kelsey F.htmhttp://www.wallasey.wirral.sch.uk/Intranet/Sciences/biology/humanbody/respfact.htm


can you catch a sinus infection

h1 Can you get a sinus infection from someone else? Not usually: Most viral upper respiratory infections are contagious ( common cold viruses, flu), and these viral infections may lead to sinusitis. However, typical bacterial rhinosinusitis is not contagious

"Top 30 Doctor insights on: Can You Get A Sinus Infection From Someone Else Share Follow @Health Tap </> Embed Dr. Nick Debnat

... Read more Dr. Hirenkumar Italia3 Doctors shared insights Sinus (Definition)In anatomy, a sinus is a cavity within a bone or other tissue. Most commonly found in the bones of the face and connecting with the nasal cavities. Sinus (anatomy), description of the general term paranasal sinuses, air cavities in the cranial bones, especially those near the nose, including: the maxillary sinuses, also called the maxillary antra and the largest of the ... Read more Dr. Lisa Roazen Emergency Medicine11 years in practice Get help from a real doctor now Continue Dr. Al Hegab2 For the past year or so, every time I get a cold, I also get a sinus infection. Why does this happen?? chronic sinusitis: You need to see an ENT or an allergist, if you have access to one. You most probably have have chronic inflammation of your upper airways that needs attention, it could be due to allergies, so better see a specialist for better long term control of your condition, especially that you suffer ... Read more Dr. Barbara A Majeroni2 doctors agreed:3 How to get a sinus infection cured? Time: Most sinus infections will eventually get better on their own. Meanwhile for relief of symptoms, use a salin nasal spray and/or a neti pot. ... Read more Dr. Bahman Omrani4 Is it possible for a 14 year old to get a sinus infection? Yes: Sure it is. Get help from a doctor now ›Dr. Sanford Archer5 Will eating spicy food cause you to get a sinus infection? No: Spicy foods might make your nose run as a vasomotor response, but will not cause sinusitis . ... Read more Dr. David Wiebe Emergency Medicine14 years in practice Get help from a specialist now Continue Dr. Michael Ein6 Do people ever get a sinus infection without a fever? Yes: Many cases of sinusitis occur in the absence of fever. Sinusitis is characterized by nasal congestion, purulent discharge, headache and facial pain over the sinuses. ... Read more Dr. Boris Aronzon1 doctor agreed:7 Why are my chest pains happening? I went to my grandmothers funeral than at the viewing I started to get a sinus infection. But within the couple days it got bad then all I got now is a little cough middle of my back hurts and a really warm burning feeli Evaluation: Visit pcp or contact your doctor. Get help from a doctor now ›Dr. Al Hegab8 Is it possible to get a sinus infection without colored mucus? I have facial pain along with post nasal drip. I had an MRI last month and it was clean? congestion: Of your nasal cavity and your sinuses can give you the same symptoms, chronic congestion can lead to chronic inflammation and later infection, not sure what kind of MRI you had? Was it direced towards your sinuses or part of head examination which at times shows part of the sinuses ... Read more Dr. Farhad Sigari3 doctors agreed:9 Can someone get a sinus infection caused by wisdom teeth extraction? Yes: But only if the tooth was in the upper jaw and the root of the tooth was in the sinus to begin with. The dentist who performed the extraction should be notified as sometimes a fistula may form from the mouth to the sinus--not fun! ... Read more Dr. Brian Affleck10 I have a white tip on my uvula and a sore throat I have yet to go to the doctor because I'm one to very easily get a sinus infection but I believe I have one of those to Please help me before I go waste my money on a doctor to tell me something I alread Uvulitis: Your uvula can have an isolated infection called uvulitis, which can appear just like you describe it. It most often causes a sore throat. If the rest of it is red and you feel feverish, you would most likely benefit from antibiotics. You probably need to get checked so you can get the right diagnosis and ... Read more Dr. Brian Affleck11 Do people ever get a sinus infection without nose congestion? Sinus infection: Not typically. You can, but it would be unusual. The symptoms we look for include nasal congestion, nasal discharge which is usually white, yellow, green or some other color of the rainbow. The face can hurt or there is a lot of pressure in the face (usually the forehead or cheeks). The teeth can hurt ... Read more Dr. Zhiqiang Huang5 doctors agreed:12 Could one get a sinus infection from having a top back tooth removed? Could be: Top back teeth have their roots very close to sinus. Some roots might already in the sinus. When dentist remove top back teeth, there is a chance that the sinus is involved or penetrated. In that case the oral cavity is communicated with sinus via the extraction socket and bacterial can get inside sinus ... Read more Dr. Barbara A Majeroni2 doctors agreed:13 What can I do to get severe sinus infection relief? Salt water: Use a saline nasal spray and/or a neti pot. Warm compresses and breathing steam may also help. Tylenol ( acetaminophen) may help the pain. ... Read more Dr. John Chiu14 How is it that my partner can suddenly get sick with sinus infection, but I did not get symptoms? Likely: Sinus infection is not usually transmitted to another person. ... Read more Dr. Elise Sadoun3 doctors agreed:15 I got diagnosed with a sinus infection today. I feel a lot worse than I did this morning. Is it normal to feel worse before u get better? Yes: It takes 48-72 hours for antibiotics to work. ... Read more Dr. Perumunda Sharma1 doctor agreed:16 What to do if I had a sinus infection and could not get anything out of my head for a couple weeks.? Sinus infction. : You need to see a doctor. Get help from a doctor now ›Dr. Susan Arnoult1 doctor agreed:17 If I have sinus problems one day, then not for a day or two then get them again, is it a sinus infection or just sinus problems? Not infection: You likely have allergy problems of some sort causing swelling and drainage from the nose and sinuses. Sometimes when it is intermittent it has to do with allergens in certain environments that you are in and out of (like workplace, friend's house, gym, etc...) ... Read more Dr. James Ferguson18 My son has a sinus infection and on meds for it, but I can't get him to drink much and he's only went about 2oz in 24 hrs is this bad? Yes: Any kid should pee, no less than every 6-8 hours or it is evidence of dehydration. If in diapers it can be hard to tell, we weigh them at the hospital because the absorbent material drys it quick. If his output is really that low he needs to be seen tonight. ... Read more Dr. Corey Clay19 Had meningitis from bad sinus infection. Cured, but does it mean I'll always immediately get it again if I get another sinus infection? Unusual: Very unusual for a sinus infection to transform into meningitis. Some may recommend a careful evaluation for a defect in the bony lining of the sinus cavities that can transmit the infection, especially if this recurs. If found, the defect is repaired surgically ... Read more Dr. Harold Peltan1 doctor agreed:20 At times I get light head and my b/p reads 98/60 is this normal? In addition, I think I may have an sinus infection is that why I get light head? Light headed: Yes, a sinus infection can sometimes make a person feel light headed. A blood pressure of 98/60 would not normally make a person light headed unless it was a drop from higher blood pressure. Do you know what your BP usually is? Other causes could be medications, such as whatever you may be taking ... Read more Dr. James Ferguson21 Can sinus infection get better without medication? Some can: The body can fight off some sinus infections over an extended period of time (4-6 weeks) but the discomfort & symptoms may remain for the duration. Decongestant nasal sprays & nasal wash out with saline may help over time. People did get these & survive before we had antibiotics. However, the ... Read more Dr. Dennis Diaz2 doctors agreed:22 What are the odds of having complications from a sinus infection if you don't get it treated? Low odds: The odds of a local, orbital or intracranial complication from sinus disease is low in this day and age but we still do see a few cases a year. The orbit is the structure most commonly involved by spread of sinus infection. Intracranial complications occur about 4% of patients hospitalized with sinusitis . ... Read more Dr. Harold Kim1 doctor agreed:23 How can I get rid of a sinus infection? See your doctor: You need a significant trial of antibiotics, decongestants and nasal steroids. If the sinus infection persists or frequently recurs, you may need surgery. Go see your ent. ... Read more Dr. Glenn Messina1 doctor agreed:24 How can I get rid of a sinus infection? Drainage: If you can Sudafed will promote drainage, drink a lot of fluids but a nettie pot. Its a small tea pot you can fill with warm water and a bit of sea salt that you buy and pour it up your nose. It sounds gross but works. If after a few days or if you get worse see your doctor and start antibiotics ... Read more Dr. Chris Hayes1 doctor agreed:25 How can I get rid of a sinus infection fast? See your doctor: Sinus infections are often viral, and viral illnesses last 7 to 10 days. You can take meds for symptoms, but there is nothing that can be done to shorten the length of a viral illness. If your sinus symptoms are caused by a bacterial infection or allergies, though, there may be prescription meds that ... Read more Dr. Gary Steven26 How can I get rid of a sinus infection quickly? Improve drainage: Sinus health is all about drainage. Remove the thick, obstructing secretions with salt water rinses, take Pseudoephedrine or use oxymetazoline spray for a few days, and get an antibiotic if you have greenish secretions. The best thing to do is to see an allergist to see if allergies are the ... Read more Dr. Tony Ho27 How can I naturally get rid of my sinus infection? Time: The vast majority of sinus infections are viral; care is purely supportive, and letting the body handle the infection. There is no evidence behind any ""natural"" remedies aside from this. ... Read more Dr. Jeffrey Rumbyrt1 doctor agreed:28 I'm in agony. Please tell me how to get rid of a sinus infection? Wash and drain: Most sinus infections are viral. Thus, using an over the counter decongestant (like sudafed) along with a mucous thinning agent (like guiafenesin) can be very helpful. I also recommend using a netti pot or nasal rinse bottle with saline. ... Read more Dr. Martin Raff29 I have a sinus infection what ist he best way to get rid of it on my own? Not a good idea: You can try otc decongestants, use saline nasal rinse thru neti-pot, steroid nasal spray to reduce swelling and promote drainage, but most cases will benefit from antibiotics. If not treated effectively you may develop chronic sinus infections which will make you miserable. Also the complications ... Read more Dr. Ahmad Ibrahim30 After I get over my sinus infection what do I need to take to prevent one again? Regular hygiene: Keeping clean, washing your hands, avoiding cigarettes, and cleaning your sinuses can help. Your sinuses filter all sorts of debris and germs so it is doing its job every day of your life. Good luck. ... Read more Dr. Tiffanie Noonan9 Doctors shared insights Infection (Definition)Infections are invasions of some other organism (fungus, bacteria, parasite) or viruses into places where they do not belong. For instance, we have normal gut bacteria that live within us without causing problems; however, when those penetrate the bowel wall and enter the bloodstream, ... Read more Dr. Lynne Weixel8 Doctors shared insights Sinusitis (Definition)A condition caused by an inflammation or swelling of the tissue lining your sinuses. Acute sinusitis usually starts with coldlike symptoms such as a runny, stuffy ... Read more "