which amendment of the us constitution led to women gaining the right to vote?

iot The Nineteenth Amendment is relatively straightforward. It states that the “right of citizens of the United States to vote shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any State on account of sex.”Full Text

Amendment XIXWomenâs Right to Vote

Common Interpretation The Nineteenth Amendment The Nineteenth Amendment By Nancy Gertner and Gail Heriot In the early days of the Republic, states typically limited the right to vote to “freeholders”—defined as persons who owned land worth a certain amount of money. It was thought that, among other things, property-less individuals had no stake in the community or might be inclined to vote for profligate spending, since they were not subject to property taxes. Still, land was cheap, and the qualification level was usually set low, so a large majority of free, adult males could vote. It is easy to slip into believing that if white men’s voting rights were limited, voting rights for women and racial minorities must have been utterly unthinkable. But the truth is more complex. Most blacks were slaves, owned by their white masters, and could not vote. Several states, however, allowed otherwise-qualified, free blacks to vote. Most women couldn’t vote. But in a significant number of locations, otherwise-qualified women voted in local elections and town meetings. New Jersey was perhaps the most interesting case for women. The 1776 New Jersey constitution provided that “all inhabitants” of legal age who met the property and residency requirements were entitled to vote. It is unclear whether this was originally intended to include women. But a 1790 state election law used the phrase “he or she,” thus clarifying the law. Alas, New Jersey’s early experiment with women’s suffrage didn’t last. After a few hotly contested elections in which rampant voter fraud was alleged, there were calls to tighten voter qualifications. In 1807, amid allegations that men dressed as women had been going to the polls to cast a second ballot, the right of women to vote in New Jersey was withdrawn. If there was much opposition to this act of disfranchisement, history has failed to record it. Over the course of the next few decades, property qualifications for men were gradually eliminated, with the notable exception of Rhode Island, which did not eliminate property qualifications for foreign-born citizens until 1888. The country as a whole was on the path toward universal manhood suffrage. In contrast, women’s suffrage was rarely taken seriously. An exception was Elizabeth Cady Stanton who, at the historic Seneca Falls Convention in 1848, sought to propose a resolution stating, “Resolved, that it is the duty of the women of this country to secure to themselves their sacred right to the elective franchise.” Lucretia Mott counseled against it, telling her, “Why Lizzie, thee will make us ridiculous.”That does not mean that women’s issues were wholly neglected in the first half of the nineteenth century. Instead, reformers focused on securing for married women the right to own and control property independently of their husbands, to enter into contracts and to sue and be sued—precious rights single women already had. Prior to Seneca Falls, the movement had achieved success in Mississippi, Maryland, Michigan, and Arkansas. The celebrated New York Married Women’s Property Act had passed a few months before the convention. Despite Mott’s misgivings, Stanton introduced her resolution at Seneca Falls, and it passed (albeit by only a small majority). As Stanton put it, “I persisted, for I saw clearly that the power to make laws was the right through which all other rights could be secured.”Not much progress was made during the years immediately before and after the Civil War. The country was occupied with other things— including the passage and ratification of the Reconstruction Amendments, which attempted to secure the rights of the recently-freed slaves. But the election of 1872—the first Presidential election since the ratification of the Fifteenth Amendment —was a call to action for some. Susan B. Anthony among others argued that the recently-ratified Fourteenth Amendment ’s Privileges or Immunities Clause gave all women the right to vote. Women had always been citizens; when the Fourteenth Amendment made it clear that no citizen should be denied the privileges and immunities of citizenship, that conferred on women the right to vote, she argued. When Anthony tried to vote, to her surprise, she was permitted to do so. Her victory was, however, short-lived. Two weeks after the election she was arrested for illegal voting. Despite her argument about the significance of the Fourteenth Amendment, she was convicted. Meanwhile, in Missouri, Virginia Minor had also attempted to register to vote, but had been refused. She launched her own lawsuit also citing the Fourteenth Amendment. In Minor v. Happersett, 88 U. S. 162 (1875), the Supreme Court rejected the argument, holding that while women were citizens within the meaning of the Fourteenth Amendment, citizenship alone did not confer the right to vote. At that point, the women’s suffrage movement changed its strategy and began to advocate a constitutional amendment specifically focused on a woman’s right to vote. Out on the western frontier, however, the movement was succeeding at the territorial level. The Wyoming Territory’s constitution was the first to guarantee women the right to vote. When Wyoming applied for statehood, Congress initially balked. But the Wyoming legislature stood its ground and cabled back to Congressional leaders, “We will remain out of the Union one hundred years rather than come in without the women.” Congress eventually relented, and before the turn of the century, there were four women’s suffrage states—Wyoming, Utah, Colorado, and Idaho. Members of Congress who worried Wyoming’s example would be difficult for other states to resist were right. After a number of false starts, the Nineteenth Amendment, with language modeled after the Fifteenth Amendment, passed the U. S. House of Representatives on May 21, 1919, and the Senate two weeks later. By then, fifteen states provided full voting rights to women, including New York and Michigan. Another group gave them partial voting rights (such as the right to vote in municipal elections or primaries). Only seven states barred women from voting entirely. Ratification was nevertheless hard fought. Tennessee was the state that put the Amendment over the top in a 49-47 nail-biter vote in the Tennessee House of Representatives. The decisive vote was cast by 24-year old Harry Burn, who had intended to vote against, until he received his mother’s letter urging him to “be a good boy” and vote for ratification. The individually-authored essays in this series are supposed to point out the disagreements in interpretation. But perhaps the most remarkable thing about the Nineteenth Amendment is how relatively non-controversial it has been. Apart from the quixotic effort to nullify its ratification in Leser v. Garnett, 258 U. S. 130 (1922), things have been quite tranquil. We revere those who worked hard to make it possible, but little time is spent worrying about how it should be interpreted. Perhaps that shouldn’t be surprising. Adding women hugely expanded the electorate. A funny thing happens when new voters come along: Politicians start caring about their views. When politicians see that roughly half their constituents are women, they start caring immensely. Matters of Debate Nancy Gertner Senior Lecturer on Law, Harvard Law School; and Former Judge on the U. S. District Court of Massachusetts What the Fourteenth and Nineteenth Amendments Changed for Women By Nancy Gertner There has been little disagreement about the meaning of the Nineteenth Amendment itself. But some scholars have argued that the history surrounding the passage of the Nineteenth Amendment should be applied to the interpretation of equal protection in the Fourteenth. Full Text Gail Heriot Professor of Law, University of San Diego School of Law Did the Nineteenth Amendment Modify the Fourteenth? By Gail Her


is the hulk stronger than the thing

But the angrier Hulks becomes, the stronger he becomes, and eventually, the thing won't have a chance. And between the Hulk and She-Hulk, if you know their origins, you'd know that the She-Hulk got her ""powers"" from a blood transfusion from her cousin, Bruce Banner.

Who's stronger, The Thing or The Hulk?

"Entertainment & Music Polls & Surveys Who's stronger, The Thing or The Hulk? Update: I was thinking She Hulk.1 following 22 answers Answers Relevance Rating Newest Oldest Best Answer: They are very well matched.

She is not even close to his level of power, but she keeps her ""brain/personality""imfallen_angel · 10 years ago0 0 Comment The Hulk. Pandamonium · 10 years ago0 0 Comment The Thing & male Hulk have had this contest numerous times in Marvel comics. All things being equal, male Hulk should be physically stronger, but in the DC universe, Supergirl ( Kara Zor-El ) is faster & stronger than Superman due to the fact of longer exposure to a yellow sun. I hope that's more information than you needed. Source (s): I am a trivia expert, DC & Marvel being my specialties. The Antichrist--Angel of Despair · 10 years ago0 0 Comment Strength Alone - The Hulk Check out marvel.com for the ""official"" word ... I'm sure the Hulk is stronger than the Thing. Source (s):years and years of Marvel Comics reading. Cabrõn · 10 years ago0 0 Comment If you were thinking she-hulk then Thing is stronger. But Jen is HOT! So in my book she wins.... Ben would probably agree. But if it's the Traditional Hulk... that's complicated. At the start of the fight Thing is stronger. But as Hulk get's Madder during the fight he gets stronger and becomes stronger than Thing.breetai · 10 years ago0 0 Comment The Hulk... Re Spekt. · 10 years ago0 0 Comment The Hulk...cowok insyaf · 10 years ago1 0 Comment Incredible Hulk... he carried a mountain. The Thing struggled with a firetruck.♀VANshee · 10 years ago1 0 Commentthe hulk© · 10 years ago0 0 Comment I'm going to say the Hulk . . . I would love to see that throw-down . . . Why Do I Have To Wear Clothes... · 10 years ago0 0 Comment1 2 3 next Maybe you would like to learn more about one of these? Find Email Marketing Software Interested in Life Alert? VPN options for your computer Find the best luxury cars "


benefits of jackfruit for diabetes

Jackfruit and diabetes One of the most powerful health benefits associated with jackfruit is its ability to fight diabetes. This potential of the fruit is just beginning to be fully explored, in part because the best way to use jackfruit for diabetes is to consume the unripe fruit, which is not a common practice outside of the regions where it is grown.

"Powerful diabetes prevention comes perfectly packaged in a strangely-named plant: introducing the jackfruit Monday, May 23, 2016 by: Daniel Barker Tags: jackfruit, diabetes prevention, exotic superfood19KViews (Natural News) The term superfoods may have become a bit overused lately, but there are some foods that truly fit the description. One that should definitely be on the superfoods list is a fairly obscure plant (until now!) called jackfruit. This oddly named fruit, which is cultivated in tropical regions, is rapidly gaining in popularity worldwide for several reasons – not the least of which are its amazing health-boosting properties. Jackfruit contains a number of substances which make it an extremely healthy addition to your diet. It's rich in flavonoids, antioxidants, phytonutrients and vitamin C, which make it an excellent ally for cancer prevention and treatment through its boosting of the immune system. The high levels of potassium found in jackfruit help lower blood pressure, aiding in the prevention of strokes and heart disease. Jackfruit is good for the skin and the eyes, due to its high vitamin A content. Jackfruit aids in digestion and helps protect the colon by cleansing the large intestine, and its high fiber content make it a great natural laxative. Low in calories and almost completely fat-free, jackfruit can also aid in fighting obesity. Even eating large quantities won't cause stomach discomfort, so it can help you feel full without adding those extra pounds.

Jack Joseph of Jack Fruit365.com, a website that promotes and sells jackfruit products, stumbled upon the nearly miraculous diabetes-fighting properties of raw jackfruit when he heard a story from a friend that involved a medical emergency – one which luckily didn't kill anyone and ended up having a silver lining: [ Joseph's friend] developed diabetes seven years ago while he was in charge of rebuilding a church and he feels the stress related to the project was the major cause for an otherwise healthy life style he had. For the past seven years he is on insulin and takes the injection every day after dinner. A month ago he had the traditional Kerala Jackfruit meal prepared with unripe raw jackfruit pods as dinner, as he had a guest very fond of jackfruits. After the meal they continued to chat for an hour and he took his insulin once the guest left. Within minutes he collapsed to the floor. He somehow crawled up to reach the sugar sachet from the bedside table and for the first time in six years he had to use the emergency response his doctor had advised in case if he feels hypoglycaemic. When the friend ate raw jackfruit a second time, the same thing happened, prompting Joseph to start investigating. What he found after talking to health experts was that raw jackfruit can reduce or even eliminate the need for insulin injections. As further stated on Jack Fruit365.com: Conclusion: Consumption of mature unripe jackfruit can reduce insulin dependency on patients due to:1. Low glycemic index2. High dietary fiber especially insoluble fiber3. Possible to eat large quantity as a meal and satiate a hungry diabetic patient In addition jackfruit is Gluten Free and can be a silver bullet for diabetic patients with Gluten allergy If you are a diabetic taking insulin, be sure to consult with your doctor before eating raw jackfruit. Additional reasons jackfruit is becoming so popular The many health benefits of jackfruit are only part of its growing popularity. Jackfruit is a fantastic meat substitute for vegetarians and vegans – some compare its taste and texture to chicken or even pulled pork! Its resemblance to meat has fooled even chefs and hardcore foodies. There's a good chance you'll be hearing a lot more in the near future about this superfood, but meanwhile if you'd like to try some and can't find it in local Asian markets or the world foods aisle in your supermarket, you can always order some online from Jack Fruit365.com. Sources: Life Hack.org Jack Fruit365.com Trending News Portl.com The Guardian.com Science. Natural News.com19KViews Clean your clothes with a laundry detergent that's safe for you and the planet Keeping up with your commitment to environmental stewardship just got easier. Health Ranger Select Laundry Detergent Powder is back in stock, providing a superior cleaning formula with environmentally safe, all-natural ingredients that get the job done without poisoning the planet. IN STOCK, SHIPPING TODAY. CLICK HERE TO ORDER. Search on Good Gopher.com Good Gopher.com is the new search engine for truth seekers. Follow real-time breaking news headlines on Jackfruit at FETCH.news The world of independent media, all in one place. Join the Health Ranger's FREE email newsletter Get breaking news alerts on GMOs, fluoride, superfoods, natural cures and more... Your privacy is protected. Unsubscribe at any time. | Learn more... More news on jackfruit Curcumin's healing powers revealed - How this herb protects you from diabetes Home remedies lower blood glucose levels preventing diabetes Mango, the new diabetes and cancer buster More evidence Alzheimer's and other dementia can be prevented: save your brain by preventing diabetes Study - Probiotics reduce obesity and diabetes Superfood: Mango helps prevent obesity and type 2 diabetes Studies show that reishi mushrooms fight cancer and diabetes Sorry, the browser you are using is not currently supported. Disqus actively supports the following browsers: Firefox Chrome Internet Explorer 11+Safari Diogenes • 1 year ago Real Plants Cure, all drugs kill. Michael Haymar • 1 year ago One of the main risk factors for developing type two diabetes is vegetable margarine. So eating butter instead of vegetable margarine will help to reduce your chances of getting type 2 diabetes. Internal Medicine • 1 year ago Toxic gmo HFCS also is s primsry cause of insulin resistance, hypoglycemia and type 2 diabetes, www.gmwatch.orh Take Action: Support Natural News by linking to this article from your website Permalink to this article:https://www.naturalnews.com/054109_jackfruit_diabetes_prevention_exotic_superfood.html Embed article link: (copy HTML code below):Powerful diabetes prevention comes perfectly packaged in a strangely-named plant: introducing the jackfruitReprinting this article: Non-commercial use OK, cite Natural News.com with clickable link. Follow Natural News on Facebook, Twitter, Google Plus, and Pinterest "


what year did kodak black started rapping

Biography Kodak Black is establishing his place as the hottest new hip hop artist in the game. The 16 year old self proclaimed “Chosen One” of the streets grew up in the Golden Acres projects of Pompano Beach, FL. He began rapping at the age of twelve with the group Brutal Youngnz. His favorite rapper was Lil Boosie. Kodak was inspired not only by Boosie’s style, but also by his success.

Biography

Kodak thought if Lil Boosie could become successful in his career and make a living rapping, he could do the same. As his experience with music progressed, he became affiliated with the Kolyons, a popular local group from Broward County. As a teenager growing up without a father, Kodak learned very early that he would have to hustle to survive. He started robbing as a way to provide for himself and his family. After several run ins with the law, he was placed in a juvenile detention center a total of three times in one year and finally placed on probation. It was then that he decided to put all his time and energy into his music career with the help of Dollaz N Dealz ENT. The CEO of Dollaz N Dealz, A. D. Julien, saw a star quality in Kodak Black that he had never seen before. Kodak was wise beyond his years and had the ability to light up a room with his presence. He decided to invest in Kodak Black’s solo career and signed him to the DND label. On December 25, 2013 Kodak Black dropped his first mixtape titled, “Project Baby.” The response from the streets was so overwhelming that Kodak and the DND family started gaining nationwide exposure. Gaining this level of success at the age of sixteen has only motivated Kodak Black to grind harder. As he continues to gain exposure, he continues to set more trends and breaks more records.


what percent workers get martin luther king off

"Only 37% of employers give off Martin Luther King Day, but number at all-time high The federal holiday honoring the Rev. Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. will be celebrated Monday. Nearly 40 percent of employers give their workers the day off as a paid holiday, according to a recent survey.

That is about the same percentage of employers giving Presidents' Day as a paid holiday. (Associated Press file photo)Print Email By Olivera Perkins, The Plain Dealer Email the author | Follow on Twitter on January 15, 2015 at 9:34 AM, updated January 15, 2015 at 3:36 PM0 shares CLEVELAND, Ohio - Nearly 40 percent of employers give the holiday honoring the Rev. Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. as a paid day off, according to a recent national survey. That is about the same percentage of employers offering Presidents' Day as a holiday, the Bloomberg BNA Holiday Practices Survey of 350 human resource professionals found. The survey also found that the federal holiday that will be celebrated Monday, in honor of the martyred civil rights icon, has been gaining in popularity. ""The trend, for the most part, has been moving steadily up since the inception of the holiday in 1986,"" said Matt Sottong, Bloomberg BNA's director of surveys and research reports. ""That year it was at 14 percent, and now we are at 37 percent. So, I am pretty comfortable in saying that the trend is going in the northerly direction. More employers are providing a day off for their employees this year than in any year. ""For example, five years ago, only 28 percent of employers gave MLK Day as a paid holiday, Sottong said. The current figure is up from 35 percent last year. But despite its increasing popularity, MLK Day still lags behind the six holidays just about all employers give as paid days off: New Year's Day, Memorial Day, Independence Day, Labor Day, Thanksgiving and Christmas. However, among the less frequently given holidays, MLK Day takes top place. Only 35 percent of respondents gave employees Presidents' Day as a paid holiday, 22 percent gave Veterans' Day and only 16 percent offered Columbus Day. ""Some of these more venerable, grizzled holidays are on the downward trajectory,"" Sottong said. ""Dr. King's holiday is going in the opposite direction. ""The survey gave a breakdown of which types of employers were likely -- and least likely -- to give MLK Day as a paid holiday:62 percent of non-business establishments, which include government, educational institutions and nonprofit organizations, are giving employees a paid day off Only 34 percent of non-manufacturing employers are giving a paid holiday Only 10 percent of manufacturing companies will give workers the paid holiday45 percent of companies with at least 1,000 employees have made the day a paid holiday Only 34 percent of smaller organizations will do so In addition to its increasing popularity, the King holiday has stood out for the ways in which employers have encouraged employees to observe it, Sottong said. Instead of being just another day off to hang out at the mall or veg out in front of the television set, many employers urge employees to attend programs honoring King or to participate in community service projects. Overall, 9 percent of survey respondents said their workplaces would offer programs or events designed to commemorate King's achievements, which was about the same as in the previous two years. Companies giving the day off were more apt to offer programs or events. Of those giving the day off, 17 percent intend to hold such activities as contrasted with only 5 percent of employers who don't give off MLK Day. Marsha Mockabee, president and chief executive officer of the Urban League of Greater Cleveland, said employees there get MLK Day as a paid holiday. With the day off comes an expectation. ""What really gives the holiday more meaning is that it is a day on, not necessarily a day off,"" she said. ""For me, it is more about the spirit of the holiday than it is about it being a paid holiday of not. ""The way to keep that dream alive is in what we do in memory of the person who gave so much to the movement, and gave so much service for the betterment of mankind,"" Mockabee said. Harriet Applegate, who heads the North Shore AFL-CIO Federation of Labor, agrees the holiday should be a time to honor and uphold King's legacy. She said doing extensive community service projects is a major way the national AFL-CIO commemorates the holiday. The survey found that 44 percent of employers with unionized workers will give a paid holiday, but only 35 percent of those without unions. Applegate isn't surprised. She said negotiating for the holiday is important to organized labor. ""He died supporting the garbage workers in Memphis,"" she said of King. ""He is really a hero in the labor movement, so his birthday has acquired a pretty big significance for union folks. ""On Monday, Applegate said she will honor King's legacy by participating in a noon rally at the Halle Building, 1228 Euclid Ave. She said the rally -- sponsored by the Service Employees International Union Local 1 and Jobs With Justice, a workers' rights organization - is also being given in support of janitors in the building, whom Applegate said are being threatened with layoffs. ""It is a rally for janitors, but it is really a generic rally to keep good jobs in Cleveland,"" she said. The flier for the rally contains a quote from a speech King gave to the Illinois State AFL-CIO in 1965: ""The labor movement was the principal force that transformed misery and despair into hope and progress. ""When MLK Day became a federal holiday nearly three decades ago, even its most ardent supporters questioned whether corporations and other private sector employers would embrace giving employees the day off. Was the country ready to honor a man whose legacy would remind Americans of the United States' horrific legacy of racial discrimination and the often bloody battles in the fight for equality? Sottong said though the survey didn't ask such a question, he believes few employers have lingering doubts about celebrating the holiday. ""I think the notion of whether or not Dr. King's life was worthy of a federal holiday has long since passed,"" he said. ""Of all the great Americans - certainly in the 20 th Century - Dr. King is right up there. We have moved beyond the discussion of whether or not it should be a federal holiday. ""The primary reluctance of employers has more to do with not wanting to give another paid day off, Sottong said. This is especially true of the King holiday, which comes shortly after the Thanksgiving-Christmas holiday season, which is often marked by sluggish productivity. ""When you look at the last quarter of any year, employers have given Thanksgiving off and typically the following day off,"" Sottong said. ""They give Christmas Day off. In 2014, since Christmas fell on a Thursday, they gave the next day off as well. New Year's fell on a Thursday, so they gave the next day off. ""Would employers be more apt to give the day off if King had been born in March or April? Probably not. ""It is not a matter of whether or not they want to give the day off,"" Sottong said of employers. ""It is a matter of whether they can afford it. If they can't afford it, then it becomes a matter of what they can do to help employees celebrate the achievements and legacy of Dr. King."" Follow @OPinfo Top Workplaces Top Workplaces 2018Find out who the winners are in our Top Workplaces 2018 special section in June. A glimpse of top 2017 winners View the entire 2017 list More Top Workplaces »Business Features Northeast Ohio business and networking events Northeast Ohio commercial real estate news Scam Finder! Protect yourself from common scams Active Discussions Most read stories Business news in your inbox Sign up to get our business newsletter twice a day, Mon.-Fri.optional Check here if you do not want to receive additional email offers and information. See our privacy policy "


what is curosurf ?

y. CUROSURF ® (poractant alfa) is the only exogenous surfactant to undergo a liquid-gel chromatography purification step during manufacturing 2,5Liquid-gel chromatography allows CUROSURF to maintain a much higher concentration of polar lipids vs other exogenous surfactants 1,3-5

Conventional Treatment Strategies

Conventional Treatment Strategies Surfactant Overview Administration Efficacy Using CUROSURF ® in Clinical Practice No Two Surfactants Are Alike The success of a surfactant starts with its profile You can tell a lot about a surfactant from its profile. Volume requirements, dosing schedule, concentration of key ingredients: each of these features may affect your experience with a surfactant. Take a closer look at the profile of CUROSURF ® (poractant alfa) Intratracheal Suspension and consider how your experience with CUROSURF may be different than with other exogenous surfactants. Request Information CUROSURF You Tube Channel Comparison of exogenous surfactants Lung surfactant products are composed of complex mixtures of ingredients, and clinical efficacy in vivo cannot be attributed to any one ingredient alone. CUROSURF ® (poractant alfa) Intratracheal Suspension 1,2Survanta ® (beractant) Intratracheal Suspension 2,3Infasurf ® (calfactant) Intratracheal Suspension 2,4Dosing1st dose * (m L/kg) 2.5 4 32nd dose * (m L/kg) 1.25 4 3Schedule Q12 hours Q6 hours Q12 hours Single bolus delivery option Yes No No Composition Source Porcine Bovine Bovine Phospholipid concentration (mg/m L) 76 25 35Dipalmitoylphosphatidyl- choline (mg/m L) 30 11.0–15.5 16SP-B (mg/m L) 0.45 Not Specified 0.26SP-C (μg protein/μmol • L-1 phospholipid) 5.0–11.6 1.0–20.0 8.1Additives No Yes No Manufacturing Organic solvent extraction Yes Yes No Liquid-gel chromatography †Yes No No* Volume of surfactant is measured in milliliters per kilogram of body weight at birth. † Neutral lipids such as triacylglycerol, cholesterol, and cholesteryl esters are filtered out of CUROSURF via liquid-gel chromatography. CUROSURF contains a higher proportion of polar lipids as a result of chromatography. In contrast, Survanta and Infasurf retain their neutral lipids and have relatively lower polar lipids. 4-6While clinical studies have demonstrated that SP-B, SP-C, and phospholipids are essential elements, they have not established the quantity required for optimal surfactant efficac

Lower volume and a higher phospholipid concentration set CUROSURF ® (poractant alfa) apart from other exogenous surfactants. 1For CUROSURF ® (poractant alfa), the 200 mg/kg initial dose makes a difference 7Click below to learn more about the unique experience CUROSURF can offer in treating your infants with Respiratory Distress Syndrome (RDS). Neonatal Respiratory Distress Syndrome: CUROSURF® (poractant alfa) Overview Your browser does not currently recognize any of the video formats available. Click here to visit our frequently asked questions about HTML5 video.0:00 / 5:55Dosing: CUROSURF delivers more surfactant with less volume vs other exogenous surfactants. 1,3,4Clinical studies have not established that lower volume or fewer doses result in superior efficacy or safety based on clinically relevant end points. Composition: An initial dose of CUROSURF delivers more than twice the phospholipid concentration (mg/m L) of other exogenous surfactants, and 44% more surfactant protein B (SP-B) than Infasurf. 1,3,4While clinical studies have demonstrated that SP-B, SP-C, and phospholipids are essential elements, they have not established the quantity required for optimal surfactant efficacy. Manufacturing: CUROSURF delivers the highest level of surfactant in the lowest volume because of the extra purification steps taken during processing. CUROSURF is the only natural surfactant to undergo liquid-gel chromatography, an essential step for removing neutral lipids and other impurities in the suspension. 1-5How benefits work together to deliver fast RDS success Previous Section Efficient administration Next Section


what state has the easiest bar exam

South Dakota ranks as the state with the easiest exam, followed by Wisconsin, Nebraska, and Iowa. There are fewer law schools in these states (South Dakota only has one, and Wisconsin, Nebraska, and Iowa each have two), meaning that there are generally fewer law graduates who take the bar.

Resources ›For Students & Parents Which States Have the Most Difficult Bar Exams? Are You Planning on Practicing in One of These States? Share Flipboard Email Print David Schaffer / Getty Imagesby Lee Burgess Updated June 20, 2017As you finish law school, you likely already have an idea of where you want to practice law. And, that is the state where you will take the bar exam, so this is an important decision to make. The degree of difficulty of the bar exam varies by state; some states have noticeably more difficult exams than others, and therefore have lower percentages of passage. One law professor from Pepperdine University decided to use statistics and complicated math to determine which states had the most difficult bar exams—are you planning to practice in one of these states? California The California Bar Exam is notoriously difficult and has the lowest passage rate of any bar exam in the country. It is even ranked as one of the most challenging exams in the world. As of this writing, it is a three-day exam that consists of both essays and multiple choice questions. Starting in 2017, however, the exam is dropping down to two days , which will consist of cutting down the length of the performance exam and changing some of the overall structure. But just because the California bar exam is changing the format, don’t count on it becoming any easier to pass!Do you have your sights set on practicing law in the state of California? Better start studying. Arkansas Believe it or not, Arkansas comes in as the second most difficult bar exam in the country. (Although Hillary Clinton said it was easier than the Washington DC bar exam.) It is also a two-day bar exam. The degree of difficulty could have something to do with more state and local laws being represented on the exam. In any case, it comes in at number two, so if you are planning on practicing law in Arkansas, make sure you take your bar exam studying seriously. Washington Washington State is known for its beautiful scenery and rainy weather; it also has a difficult bar exam. It is important to note that Washington now uses the Uniform Bar Exam. There are three law schools in Washington, producing a fairly large number of students each year who sit for the two-day exam. In addition, Seattle is becoming one of the most moved-to cities in the country, attracting many out-of-state bar exam takers. Are you thinking about practicing law in Washington? Prepare yourself for a challenging exam. And neighboring state, Oregon, also has a difficult bar exam, which pops into the top five most difficult depending on the data that is being used in the rankings. Louisiana The state of Louisiana prepares its law students in an entirely different way than any other state in the country—the four law schools there teach both Common Law (the tradition in England and the other 49 United States) and Civil Law (the tradition in France and continental Europe). Therefore, if you are thinking of practicing law in Louisiana, you must go to law school in Louisiana to learn the unique legal system in place there, and then take a bar exam that is completely different from any other state. The bar exam in Louisiana is one of the most difficult, in part, because it covers subject matter found nowhere else in the country. Nevada There is only one law school in the state of Nevada, but having a notorious city (viva Las Vegas) within its borders makes it a popular destination for new (and experienced) lawyers to settle down in. The Nevada bar exam is 2 1/2 days long and has one of the lowest passage rates in the country. This is because of a combination of unique laws in the state and a higher required score to pass. If you’re thinking of practicing law in Nevada, know that you’re in for a challenge. Have you taken one of these exams and failed ? What Are the Easiest Bar Exams to Pass? If you’re wondering what states have the easiest bar exams, stick to the Heartland.

And Wisconsin has an even sweeter policy—only those who attended law school in other states need to take the bar exam. If you graduated from law school in the state of Wisconsin, you are automatically admitted to the state bar by a policy known as diploma privilege. If you’ve graduated from law school, you have the knowledge it takes to pass the bar exam. Make sure you study properly and go into the exam prepared—that will likely save you from having to retake the exam in the future. If you’re taking it in one of the toughest states, good luck!If you are trying to decide which bar exam to take, you might want to consider taking a jurisdiction that uses the Uniform Bar Exam. That bar exam makes it easier to move between states that also use the Uniform Bar Exam. Depending on your career goals, this may be something important to consider.cite


how cricket spread in india

t -HISTORY OF CRICKET IN INDIACricket, now phrased as the unendorsed national sport of India, has got the olden times allied with its existence in the country. Even though the National game of India being Hockey, People cherishes and is fond of the Game cricket. The oldest allusion to the sport in India can be dated as early as the year 1721 where the first game was played in the subcontinent is a report of English sailors of the East India Company playing a game at Kutch.

HISTORY OF CRICKET IN INDIA

"Common Games Of India || History Of Games& Sport || Pre School Games || School Games || Games For Girls & Women || Team Games HEADLINES: + Tex

By the year 1792 the Calcutta cricket and football club had been formed and however another cricket club had been formed during 1799 at Seringapatam in South India. On 3rd march 1845 the Sepoy cricketers had played with the European cricketers in the place Sylhet located in (today's Bangladesh). In 1848 The First Indian club was named as the Parsee Oriental cricket Club and the first match was held in Bombay (Mumbai). The first class cricket begin in the year 1864 where a match was held up between the madras and Calcutta team. The Bombay Presidency Matches was held in the year 1877. Later that was named the Bombay Triangular and then as Bombay Quadrangular. In the year 1937-38 the name changed into Bombay Pentangular Matches. After this, four First Class matches were played between an English team led by Lord Hawke and an All India team between 26th and 28th of January 1893. An All-India team went on a tour of England in 1911 under Maharaja Bhupinder Singh of Patiala. The International Cricket arena is concerned, the team played since October 1926. In that year, a team from the Marylebone Cricket Club (MCC), led by A. E. R Gilligan toured India. Though it was an informal tour, the Indian people were quite attracted and fervent about the matches that MCC played during the tour. The legendary Indian cricket player, C. K Nayudu played brilliantly during that tour and he also scored a century against the MCC side in Bombay. The Board of Control for Cricket in India came into being towards the end of 1928. The first test match was played in the year 1932. With the efforts of several Indian princes, R. E. Grant Goven and A. S. De Mellow, the national championship for the Ranji Trophy began in 1935 and goes till now date. Prince Ranjit Singhji of Nawanagar who had gone to England for further study, made a striking name for himself in the game of cricket. He is generally accredited as the Father of Indian Cricket although he played only in England. He will always be remembered through the National Cricket Championship -Ranji Trophy, named after him. The Middle and the first half of the nineteenth century was the vital period in the History of Indian cricket From then on it began to spread among all the confined people in the country. Domestic Competitions Before the establishment of the test and international cricket, domestic competitions were being held within the states. BCCI Corporate Trophy The Board of Control for Cricket in India (BCCI), headquartered at Mumbai, is the national prevailing body for all cricket in India. The board was created in December 1928 as BCCI reinstated Calcutta Cricket Club. The former president of The BCCI was R. E. Grant Govan when the board started in the year1928. The contemporary President of BCCI is Shashank Manohar and the Secretary is N. Srinivasan. The BCCI have set up a 12 team inter-communal match to take part just before the start of the Ranji Trophy. The tournament is a 50 over a side tournament involving communal teams from India. Irani Trophy The Irani Trophy was named after the late Z. R irani who was allied with the Board of Control for Cricket in India (BCCI) from its commencement in 1928, till his demise in 1970. The first match, played between the Ranji Trophy champions and the Rest of India was played in 1959-60 with the trophy being organized in the name of Zal Irani, long time treasurer of the Board of Control for Cricket in India and a keen benefactor of the game. The Irani Trophy game ranks very high in fame and import. Leading players take part in the game which has often been a class of selection trial to pick the Indian team for foreign tours. NKP Salve Challenger Trophy In 1994-95, the Board of Control for Cricket in India BCCI introduced the Challenger series, an annual day-night one-day tournament, keeping in view India's one-day international commitments. This tournament is played in October before the launch of Ranji season. From 1998-99 the tournament was known as the NKP Salve Challenger Trophy, named after former Board of Control for Cricket in India president NKP Salve - the man who brought the World Cup to the sub-continent in 1987. The tournament features the top 36 players from across India and is also the most popular domestic structure. Ranji Trophy Originated as the 'The Cricket Championship of India' at a meeting of the Board of Control for Cricket in India in July 1934. The first Ranji Trophy contest took place in the 1934-35 season. The competition is named after Kumar Shri Ranjitsinhji (Jam Sahib of Nawanagar, also known as ""Ranji""). The first Ranji Trophy Championship was won by Bombay. Syed Mohammed Hadi of Hyderabad was the first batsman to score a century in the tournament. The Ranji Trophy is composed of teams representing the states that make up India. The teams used to be set into zones - North, West, East, Central and South - and the initial matches were played on a league basis within the zones. Duleep Trophy The Duleep Trophy competition, a first-class competition, was started by the Board of Control for Cricket in India in 1961-62 with the mean of providing a greater spirited edge in domestic cricket . The Duleep Trophy is played in India between teams representing geographical zones of India. The competition is named after Kumar Shri Duleepsinhji. Vijay Hazare Trophy Vijay Hazare Trophy was started in 2002-03 as a bound over domestic competition involving state teams from the Ranji Trophy. It is named after the famous Indian cricketer Vijay Hazare. Inter-State T20 Championship BCCI commenced Twenty20 in 2006-07, India played its first international T20 against South Africa. Indian Premier League The Indian Premier League (IPL) is a expert league for Twenty20 cricket rivalry in India. It was initiated by the Board of Control for Cricket in India (BCCI) headquartered in Mumbai. It is overseed by former Chairman and Commissioner of the Indian Premier League Chirayu Amin. The first season of the Indian Premier League Statred in the year 2008. Syed Mushtaq Ali Trophy This was instigated after the success of the IPL and the need of the BCCI to search for more talent in the growing regions of cricket. The inaugural of this trophy took place in the year 2008-2009 season. It is named after a famous Indian cricketer, Syed Mushtaq Ali. India's first Test Series victory against Pakistan did take place in the year 1952 after Our independence. The series saw dazzling and amazing performances from some of the greatest Indian Cricket players like Polly Umrigar, Vijay Manjrekar and leg spinner SM Gupte. The Indian Cricket team during 1960's proved its strength upon the home ground as well as upon foreign pitches too. During this year the talented players were Mansoor Ali Khan Pataudi, Dilip Sardesai, Hanumant Singh, Chandu Borde and off-spinner EAS Prasanna. During 1970's India had a spinners's time where many players like Bishen Singh Bedi, (left-arm spinner), Erapalli Prasanna (off-spinner), BS Chandrasekhar and Srinivas Venkataraghavan (off-spinner) were a great chattels for the Home team . The Indian Cricket team also got two of its most talented Batsmen of all times during the period of 1970's itself � Sunil Gavaskar and Gundappa Vishwanath. During the 1980s,India had developed batsman like Mohammed Azharuddin, Dilip Vengsarkar and all-rounder Ravi Shastri. Beneath the captainship of Kapil Dev, the Indain team won the 1983 Cricket World Cup. In 1984, India won the Asia Cup and in 1985, won the World Championship of Cricket in Australia. During the decade of 1980's Gavaskar made a Test record 34 centuries as he became the first man to reach the 10,000 run mark. Kapil Dev afterward became the highest wicket taker in Test cricket with 434 wickets. The addition of Sachin Tendulkar and Anil Kumble to the national side in 1989 and 1990 improved the team. The following year, Javagal Srinath, India's fastest bowler since Amar Singh made his debut. The Cricket team of India had the new talented during the 2000's like Mahendra Singh Dhoni, The captain of India for both the One day International and Test Cricket . Under the animated captainship of Dhoni, the new young team lucratively won the first Twenty-20 Cricket World Cup held in the year 2007. India started playing cricket long back and the game slowly started getting notoriety. History of Cricket Game of Cricket Types of Cricket Indian Cricket Coaches Technical Jargon Indian Premier League (IPL)Former Players Current Players Board of Control for Cricket in India (BCCI) "


how many sunflower seeds are in one sunflower blossom

w: How many seeds does one sunflower contain? One sunflower can have up to 2000 seeds Each seed is a result of one tiny flower, so actually what we call a sunflower is a “false” flower made from many small flowers This natural design helps the plant to attract birds and insects which pollinates each little flower

Fun Sunflower Facts

2.000 SEEDS IN A SUNFLOWER? HOW MUCH DO YOU KNOW ABOUT THIS YELLOW FLOWER? The symbolic meaning of sunflower is honesty, faith and happiness – have you noticed that looking at sunflowers make you smile? Apart from being a beautiful flower, here are some fun facts about sunflowers that you probably did not kno

How are the seeds arranged in the sunflower? The seeds are arranged in nice interconnecting spirals The angel between the small florets are precisely 137,5°Normally, there are 34 spirals in one direction and 55 the other way The number of spirals follow the Fibonacci numbers How tall can a sunflower grow? The tallest sunflower – yet – was grown in Germany in 2014 and measured 9,17 m (30ft 1 in)Not all sunflowers are big, the smallest sunflower was only 5,59 cm (2,2 in) tall. Sunflowers can grow fast, some grow 9 meter in 6 months. How smart are sunflowers? Sunflowers are really smart – they turn after the sun It is called heliotropism Heliotropism has inspired to these funny rolling pots that is illustrated below. You can find them here . Are there different kinds of sunflower seeds? There are two kinds of sunflower seeds, black and striped The black ones are used for sunflower oil, which you can use for cooking The striped ones are grown to produce kernels, which you can eat Have you tried to roast sunflower seeds with salt and your favourite spice, maybe paprika, curry or oregano and eat it as a snack? Sprout Sunflower In our Sprout Pencil we have striped sunflower seeds. You can find our Sprout Sunflower Pencil in our: Sprout Pencil – pack of 8Sprout Pencil Flower Power Edition – pack of 3Sprout Pencil Mix 1 Edition – pack of 3What else can you use sunflowers for? Sunflowers have inspired great artists to make beautiful paintings. The most well known is the Dutch painter Vincent van Gogh The root of the plant is also used in traditional herbal medicine to treat snakebites and spider bites. The leaves can be made into tea to relieve fevers, lung ailments and diarrhea. The flowers can be used to make a natural dye. The stalks are used to make paper and clothes. Sunflowers are good for the environment They can extract toxic substances such as lead, arsenic and uranium from contaminated soil The sunflowers feed birds, squirrels and insects The empty flower heads can be used for disposable scrubbing pads Sunflower is such a lovely plant! If you have kids, growing sunflowers is ideal for getting your little ones involved in plants and gardening. Each member of the family can plant a seed and you can see who will grow the tallest sunflower. Good luck and have fun with these beautiful sun loving plants!


what is probability biology

PROBABILITY AND GENETICSProbability is the study of the likelihood of the occurrence of a particular event or offspring. The chance or probability that an event will take place can be expressed as a fraction (1/4), ratio (1:4) or % (25%). Probability = # of chances for an event# of possible combinations

THE RULE OF INDEPENDENT EVENTS: previous events have no impact on future events. The chance of having a girl is 1/2. If you already have one girl the chance that your next baby will be a girl is still 1/2. Each event is regarded as an individual event. THE PRODUCT RULE: the chance that independent events will occur together is the product of their individual probabilities. Thus the chance of having 3 girls in a row is: 1/2 x 1/2 x 1/2 = 1/8 or 12.5%. These principles only predict theoretical possibilities and there is no certainty that the event will occur. EXAMPLE: Rr x Rr (heterozygous monohybrid cross)Probability of RR is 1/2 from mom1/2 from dadthus 1/2 x 1/2 = 1/4Probability of rr is 1/2 from mom1/2 from dadthus 1/2 x 1/2 = 1/4Probability of Rr is R: 1/2 from mom and 1/2 from dad 1/2 x 1/2 = 1/4r: 1/2 from mom and 1/2 from dad 1/2 x 1/2 = 1/4Thus 1/4 + 1/4 = 2/4 or 1/2Our phenotypic ratio of 3:1 is met, 3 dominant to 1 recessive. As is our genotypic ratio of 1:2:1, 1 RR to 2Rr to 1 rr, as seen in a punnet. Dihybrid crosses are based on the numbers of the heterozygous monohybrid cross, for example: Dd Qq x Dd Qq (heterozygous dihybrid cross)Probabilities are based on the monohybrid cross: Dd QDQd Qq Dqdq Thus in the monohybrid cross, 3/4 have dominant alleles, 1/4 are recessive. Now apply these numbers to the dihybrid cross Dd Qq x Dd Qq. Probability of being D_ Q_ is 3/4 x 3/4 = 9/16Probability of being D_ q_ is 3/4 x 1/4 = 3/16Probability of being d_Q_ is 1/4 x 3/4 = 3/16Probability of being ddqq is 1/4 x 1/4 = 1/16This matches our 9:3:3:1 phenotypic ratio. This would also work for a trihybrid cross of heterozygous parents, such as: Dd Rr Qq x Dd Rr Qq What is the probability of being dominant for all three traits? à 27/64What is the probability of being recessive for all three traits? What is the probability of being dominant for 2 and recessive for one? What is the probability of being dominant for 1 and recessive for two?


how much does open heart surgery cost

Open Heart Surgery: $324,000Open heart surgery is often an urgent procedure that carries with it a lot of complications and follow-up appointments. Taking the surgery and its recovery period into consideration, the expenses for open heart surgery are very high.8. Pancreas Transplant: $289,400A transplant of the pancreas is a very long procedure and patients average a post-surgery stay in the hospital of about 21 days.

The high price of healthcare has put a lot of stress on individuals and the healthcare system, as they struggle to come up with the money to cover some of today’s most expensive procedures. Fortunately, insurance companies and government programs cover a portion of the expenses for patients. But for those without health insurance, the stress is even greater, making the rising cost of health care a big concern for everyone involved. With cost considerations for the pre-operation assessments, hospital admission, the procedure, post-operation care and follow-up appointments, medical procedures are by no means easy on the wallet. Take a look at this list of the expensive medical procedures to see just how much health care can costs. The 10 Most Expensive Medical Procedures1. Intestine Transplant: $1,206,000Intestinal transplants are done to replace dead tissue with healthy tissue from a donor and are sometimes combined with a liver transplant, making it one of the most expensive surgical procedures out there. Nearly $800,000 of this total cost goes toward hospital administration and admissions fees, while another $150,000 are used up in the days following the surgery and while the patient is in recovery.2. Heart-Lung Transplant: $1,148,400This rare and complex procedure replaces both vital organs during one surgery. The bulk of this cost, almost $800,000, is attributed to hospital admissions and procedures. The 180 days post-surgery makes up the next most expensive part of this procedure, accounting for nearly $170,000.3. Heart Transplant: $997,700A heart transplant is a high-risk surgery that takes a patient about 6 months to reach full recovery. Just below the $1 million mark, this surgery takes a lot of preparation to ensure a healthy and best-match donor organ, as well as extensive recovery and follow-up procedures to ensure the patient’s prolonged health.4. Bone Marrow Transplant: $676,800 Allogeneic; $300,400 for Autologous Depending on the type of bone marrow transplant required, surgery may or may not need to be performed. In most cases, stem cells are delivered into the bloodstream through a tube called a central venous catheter, in the same fashion as a blood transfusion. Expenses stack up when considering donor research and harvesting fees, testing, level of insurance coverage, and more.5. Lung Transplant: $797,200 for double, $561,200 for single The process required for a lung transplant is often a long one. Long donor wait times, complex testing, the surgical procedure, as well as a long recovery time make for extended stays in hospitals, helping to increase the costs of this procedure.6. Liver Transplant: $577,100This is a very high-risk surgery and the criteria for eligibility is very strict. This lends to the high cost through extensive administrative and record expenses, along with the costs accrued for the surgery itself and the necessary hospital stay and recovery time afterward.7.

As a result of the long stay, the physician charges and the possibility for a combined pancreas-kidney transplant, the totals for this surgery are one of the highest.9. Kidney Transplant: $262,900Expenses for this transplant procedure rack up quickly due to its intense preparation, high risk and extensive recovery period. Depending on the length of stay, expenses can pile up to nearly a quarter of a million dollars or more.10. Tracheostomy: $205,000While a tracheostomy itself is not inherently expensive, it is often associated with costly and extended hospital stays. Most patients who require this procedure are seriously ill individuals. They have extended stays within intensive care units post-operation, marking a significant rise in charges for this surgery.http://financialedge.investopedia.com http://www.transplantliving.org


what part of the nervous system does adderall affect

Adderall belongs to a class of drugs called central nervous system stimulants. The drug works by increasing levels of the brain chemical dopamine, which stimulates the brain. This stimulation has a calming and focusing effect on people with ADHD.

What Is Adderall (Adderall XR)?

"What Is Adderall (Adderall XR)?557 Reviews | Get Coupons Adderall is the brand name of a prescription medication used to treat attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in children and adults. Adderall is a combination of two stimulant drugs, amphetamine and dextroamphetamine. Adderall XR is an extended-release form of the drug. Doctors also prescribe Adderall (but not Adderall XR) to treat narcolepsy. Adderall may help people with ADHD control their activities and increase their attention spans. The drug may also prevent symptoms of narcolepsy, which include excessive sleepiness and sudden attacks of daytime sleepiness. The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved Adderall in 1960. The agency also has approved the combination of amphetamine and dextroamphetamine as a generic drug. DSM Pharmaceuticals makes the brand-name drug, and many drug companies make a generic version.

Adderall 'High' and Abuse Use of Adderall has surged in recent years. Research shows that the number of ADHD medications prescribed to children increased 45 percent from 2002 to 2010. Of these drugs, Adderall was the second most-prescribed medication. Sales of the drug jumped more than 3,000 percent from 2002 to 2006. In 2010 alone, the total number of Adderall prescriptions topped 18 million. One reason for the surge in Adderall prescriptions is that increasing numbers of children and teenagers are getting an ADHD diagnosis. However, doctors also prescribe the drug to children and adults who do not have ADHD. This increased availability of Adderall has led to widespread abuse of the medication. Because Adderall increases dopamine levels, it can trigger a feeling of euphoria among people who don't have a medical reason to take it. As a result, it has become a drug of choice among people trying to get ""high,"" who often crush and snort the pills or mix them water and inject them. Because stimulants like Adderall increase alertness and attention, a growing number of people who do not have an ADHD diagnosis are using the drug to enhance their ability to think and focus. This off-label use of Adderall is a growing trend, particularly among high school and college students who are trying to study for exams or boost their academic performance. Stimulants like Adderall, sometimes called “smart pills,” are currently the second most common form of drug use on college campuses. Despite the widespread belief that Adderall can improve a person's ability to learn, the drug does not enhance thinking ability in people who do not have ADHD. Young people who do not have ADHD but are taking Adderall to get better grades in school or gain an academic advantage are at risk for potentially deadly side effects. Adderall and Weight Loss Adderall also can suppress appetite, and a growing number of people who want to lose weight also abuse the drug as a diet pill. However, using Adderall or Adderall XR for weight loss can result in severe side effects, including psychosis, addiction, stroke, cardiac arrest, and death. Adderall Warnings Adderall can increase your risk for heart problems, high blood pressure, and stroke. If the person taking Adderall has a history of a heart defect or other heart problems, there is a risk for sudden death. Doctors need to check children for any heart problems before prescribing Adderall. Adderall may increase your risk for mental health problems, including depression, bipolar disorder, and unusual behaviors including aggressive or hostile behavior. Children on Adderall also may develop psychotic symptoms, which include seeing things that are not there (hallucinations) and believing things that are not true (delusions). Adderall may be habit-forming. This is more likely if you take Adderall in larger doses, more often, or for longer than recommended by your doctor. You may need to take increasingly greater doses to control symptoms, but taking larger doses increases your risk for heart and mental health problems. Children younger than 3 should not take Adderall, and children younger than 6 should not take Adderall XR. Always tell your doctor if you have allergies to any medications. Let your doctor know about any: Reactions you have had to other stimulants Family history of heart problems, high blood pressure, or stroke Family history of mental problems Previous drug or alcohol abuse Several other conditions your doctor will need to be aware of before prescribing Adderall for you include any history of: Hyperthyroidism Glaucoma or any eye problems Anxiety Tourette’s syndrome or any sudden, uncontrolled movements Seizures Liver disease Kidney disease If your child is taking Adderall, you should talk to the doctor about the risk for delayed growth. Some stimulants may delay growth and development in children. A doctor will need to check your child regularly while the child is on Adderall. It's also important confirm a diagnosis of ADHD before treating a child with Adderall. Sometimes, poor school performance or behavioral issues are symptoms of other problems that need treatment, such as trauma, dyslexia, or mental illness. Medical experts do not know whether Adderall is safe for elderly people. If you are older than 65, ask your doctor whether there are other drug options that might be safer for you. Adderall Withdrawal If you suddenly stop taking Adderall, you may have Adderall withdrawal symptoms, also known as an ""Adderall crash. ""Symptoms of Adderall withdrawal can include depression, insomnia or other sleep disorders, irritability, and extreme fatigue. You are at higher risk for Adderall addiction if you have abused drugs or alcohol in the past. Adderall withdrawal can be managed with help from your doctor, who may advise you to slowly taper off your use of the drug. Adderall and Pregnancy Adderall might be unsafe to take during pregnancy. Because of this, talk with your doctor before starting Adderall if you are pregnant or may become pregnant, and call your doctor right away if you get pregnant while on Adderall. Also, do not take Adderall while breastfeeding because the drug can pass through breast milk to a breastfeeding baby. Adderall Coupons and Prices Looking to save money on a prescription for Adderall? Single Care, a leading online service for prescription, dental, and vision discounts, has partnered with most major pharmacies around the country to help you save up to 80 percent off prescription costs. Click on ""Free Coupon"" below and sign up to get your free Single Care pharmacy savings card. You'll receive a coupon by email or text to get the best price at a local participating pharmacy near you. Back to Top Adderall Side Effects Common side effects of Adderall include: Nervousness Dizziness Restlessness Headache Stomach ache Decreased appetite Trouble sleeping Dry mouth Nausea Weight loss Constipation or diarrhea Loss of interest in sex If more serious side effects develop, call a doctor right away. Serious side effects of Adderall may include: Changes in vision Seizures Chest pain Trouble breathing Fainting Severe weakness or numbness Uncontrolled movements or voice sounds Hallucinations or delusions Aggressive behavior Uncontrollable behavior Severe skin rash Swelling of face, lips, or tongue Difficulty swallowing or talking Irregular heartbeat Back to Top Adderall Interactions It's very important to let your doctor know about all drugs you are taking, including illegal drugs, any over-the-counter (OTC) drugs, and any herbs or supplements. If you have taken an antidepressant called a monoamine oxidase inhibitor (MAOI) in the last two weeks, you should not take Adderall. MAOIs include: Isocarboxazid (Marplan)Phenelzine (Nardil)Selegiline (Eldepryl, Emsam, Zelapar)Tranylcypromine (Parnate)Types of drugs that are known to interact with Adderall and may cause problems include: Blood pressure medications, such as adrenergic blocker or alpha blockers like alfuzosin (Uroxatral), doxazosin (Cardura), and prazosin (Minipress)Seizure medications, such as ethosuximide (Zarontin), phenobarbital (Luminal, Solfoton), and phenytoin ( Dilantin)Blood thinners, such as warfarin ( Coumadin)Over-the-counter cough and cold medicines and antihistamines that contain decongestants Heart medications, such as beta blockers like atenolol (Tenormin), labetalol (Normodyne), and metoprolol (Lopressor, Toprol XL)Diuretics (water pills), such as furosemide ( Lasix)Medications used to treat schizophrenia or bipolar disorder, such as haloperidol ( Haldol)Prescription pain medications, including meperidine ( Demerol) and propoxyphene (Darvon)Diet supplements called glutamic acid or L-glutamine Additionally, Adderall may affect your level of concentration, coordination, and judgment. Because of this, do not drive or participate in activities that could be dangerous until you know how Adderall will affect you. Back to Top Adderall Dosage Doses of Adderall are individualized, so your dose will depend on why you're taking Adderall, and on your response to the drug. Doctors usually start with a low dose and increase the amount gradually. The best dose will be the lowest possible dose that works. A child older than 5 who is taking Adderall for ADHD would typically start with a dose of 5 milligrams (mg) and increase it gradually to 30 mg. A typical dose for an adult with narcolepsy may start at 5 mg and increase to 60 mg. You can take Adderall and Adderall XR with or without food. People usually take Adderall tablets every four to six hours during the day. People take Adderall XR capsules once a day, in the morning. Adderall taken in the evening can interfere with sleep. Guidelines call for swallowing capsules whole. Or, you can open the capsule and sprinkle the contents into a teaspoon of applesauce. It's important to take any opened medicine right away. Adderall Overdose Symptoms of an Adderall overdose may include: Extreme restlessness Confusion Aggression Panic attack Hallucinations Rapid breathing Fever Tremors Extreme fatigue Racing heart Seizures Loss of consciousness If you think you have taken an overdose or if someone else may have overdosed on Adderall, call a poison control center at 1-800-222-1222. If you or someone else has symptoms of an overdose, call 9-1-1. Missed Dose of Adderall Take Adderall exactly as directed by the doctor. Do not stop taking Adderall suddenly. This can cause severe depression, extreme tiredness, and other Adderall withdrawal symptoms. If you miss a dose of Adderall, take the missed dose as soon as you remember. But, if it's almost time for the next dose, skip the missed dose. Do not double the dose to make up for a missed dose. Back to Top "


what type of government does a small group of people rule

The existing structure is overthrown by a completely new group. The new group can be very small - such as the military - or very large - as in a popular revolution. After a period of time, this 'becomes' one of the other type of government (unless there is another coup or uprising). Rule by a single political party. Votes for alternative candidates and parties are simply not allowed. Citizens are allowed and 'encouraged' to vote, but only for the government's chosen candidates. A form of government which consists of rule by an elite group who rule in their own interests, especially the accumulation of wealth and privilege.

(the descriptions of various countries is based on their government system in early 2002; some of these have definitely changed since then)Descriptions of governments can be based on: Economy - what provides the goods and services that are bought, sold, and used? Capitalism ( Russia)Socialism ( Norway)Communism ( C

uba)In a capitalist or free-market economy, people own their own businesses and property and must buy services for private use, such as healthcare. Socialist governments own many of the larger industries and provide education, health and welfare services while allowing citizens some economic choices In a communist country, the government owns all businesses and farms and provides its people's healthcare, education and welfare.

Politics - how is the government run? Dictatorship ( Iraq)Totalitarian ( China)Theocracy ( Iran)Monarchy ( Jordan)Parliamentary ( Israel)Republic ( USA)Anarchy ( Afghanistan ? )Rule by a single leader who has not been elected and may use force to keep control. In a military dictatorship, the army is in control. Usually, there is little or no attention to public opinion or individual rights. Rule by a single political party. People are forced to do what the government tells them and may also be prevented from leaving the country. A form of government where the rulers claim to be ruling on behalf of a set of religious ideas, or as direct agents of a deity. A monarchy has a king or queen, who sometimes has absolute power. Power is passed along through the family A parliamentary system is led by representatives of the people. Each is chosen as a member of a political party and remains in power as long as his/her party does A republic is led by representatives of the voters. Each is individually chosen for a set period of time. Anarchy is a situation where there is no government. This can happen after a civil war in a country, when a government has been destroyed and rival groups are fighting to take its place. Authority - who picks the government? Revolutionary ( USA, France, USSR etc)Totalitarian ( North Korea)Oligarchy/Plutocracy ( Pakistan)Democracy ( India)

Only certain members of society have a valid voice in the government. This can reflect (but is not limited to) economic interests, a particular religious tradition (theocracy), or familial rule (monarchy). In a democracy, the government is elected by the people. Everyone who is eligible to vote - which is a majority of the population - has a chance to have their say over who runs the country. REMEMBER: nearly every country in the world is ruled by a system that combines 2 or more of these (for example, the USA is not a true capitalist society, since the government actually provides some services for its citizens). Additionally, one person's opinion of the type of government may differ from another's (many argue that the USA is actually a plutocracy rather than a democracy). Much of the information on this page came from the following sources: CBBC - Types of Government Types of Government How Canadians Govern Themselves Political Systems Explained Best Government?


what month is the winter solstice

d. The winter solstice will happen this year at 4:28pm GMT. (In New York, it will take place around 11am, and around midnight in Hong Kong on Dec. 22. )The winter solstice has been a spiritually and scientifically important day since ancient times for people around the world the mark the changing of seasons.

"LONGEST NIGHTHow people around the world celebrate the winter solstice Echo Huang December 17, 2017In need of light. (EPA/Martin Alipaz)For most of the world’s population, this Thursday (Dec. 21) will be the shortest day and longest night of the year as the winter solstice kicks in. The day marks the beginning of winter for the northern hemisphere when the sun’s rays are directly over the Tropic of Capricorn, the southernmost latitude (23.5° S) where the sun can be directly overhea

Today, people divide the seasons using advanced technological tools, but still celebrate the day as part of their cultural traditions. What is winter solstice? The word “solstice” originates from the Latin word solstitium, a portmanteau of sol and stit, to mean “ standing sun .”The reason for the shorter daylight on the winter solstice is related to how the Earth travels around the sun. The Earth sits at a tilt of 23.5°, so its hemispheres, divided by the equator, receive different amounts of sunlight. In December, when the northern hemisphere is tilted away from the sun, countries north of the equator enter winter. The winter solstice marks the northern hemisphere’s most extreme angle from the sun. Conversely, the winter solstice for countries in the southern hemisphere, like Australia and New Zealand, is in June. The sun’s rays are directly over the Tropic of Capricorn on the winter solstice. (Przemyslaw ""Blueshade"" Idzkiewicz. Creative Commons)However, just because it’s the shortest day of the year doesn’t mean it’s the coldest time of the year, since temperature also depends on landforms and oceans that absorb and release heat energy. The shortest day doesn’t correspond to the earliest sunset either, according to the National Geographic, because of the difference between the human and sun clocks. The 24-hour cycle that humans abide by doesn’t always match the solar noon, when the sun is at the highest point in the sky. This discrepancy actually means that sunset on the day of the solstice is a few minutes later according to human clocks than sunset earlier in the month. Traditions around the world People have celebrated the winter solstice since the ancient times. Some still gather to mark the arrival of winter, or to observe the ancients’ wisdom in blending astronomical events with architecture. Newgrange In Ireland, a huge tomb-shaped stone known as Newgrange has more than 5,000 years of history. In the 1960s, archeologists found that during the solstice, the sun’s rays traveled across a 19-meter-long (62-foot) passageway, through a perfectly positioned window, to a chamber where the ashes and bones of the dead were placed. Today, people will participate in an annual lottery so they can gather outside the tomb and bang drums to greet the sun. A reveller celebrates winter solstice at the Newgrange on Dec 21, 2016. (Reuters/Clodagh Kilcoyne)Stonehenge The assemblage of giant rocks located in Wiltshire, England, built around 3000 BC to 2000 BC, is famous for its solstice celebrations. The prehistoric monument is carefully aligned for a clear sight of sunset on the winter solstice. In 2016, thousands of people gathered there to celebrate the “rebirth” of the sun by playing trumpets and drums. Celebrating the winter solstice in the prehistoric monument Stonehenge in 2016. (Reuters/Toby Melville)China In China, winter solstice is known as dong zhi, meaning the winter’s arrival. In ancient times, the day had often been considered as important as Lunar New Year, according to state news broadcaster CCTV. People often make food symbolizing harmoniousness and reunion, such as glutinous rice flour balls in southern China and dumplings in the country’s northern region. The day also marks the rising of yang, masculine and positive energy, making it an ideal time to adjust one’s diet to store yang energy, which is believed to help fight against illness. Japan In Japan, the holiday is known as Touji. In Japanese tradition, taking a hot bath with the citrus fruit yuzu on the winter solstice is believed to help ward off colds. In 2016’s solstice celebration, six preschool students took a yuzu bath in Japan’s southwestern Hyogo prefecture with around 50 citrus fruits. The tradition has extended to the country’s favorite animal, the capybara. Last year, a zoo in Japan’s eastern Shizuoka prefecture arranged a hot yuzu tub for the animals on the winter solstice.カピバラがうっとりと・・・40度のぽっかぽかのゆず湯に (16/12/21)Your browser does not currently recognize any of the video formats available. Click here to visit our frequently asked questions about HTML5 video.0:00 / 1:37 "


what is expected of an electrical engineer?

eld Job Description of Electrical Engineers Electrical engineers work with electrical systems and equipment. They may design electrical systems for vehicles and other products or work in the generation and distribution of electricity. Job duties may also include testing recently developed equipment and overseeing the manufacturing process.

Electrical Engineer: Employment Outlook & Career Info

Learn about the education and preparation needed to become an electrical engineer. Get a quick view of the requirements as well as details about degree programs, job duties and licensure to find out if this is the career for you.

Show Me Schools View 10 Popular Schools »Job opportunities for electrical engineers, while growing, are expanding at a slower rate than the average of all occupations. It's important to take note of this as well as other career information if you're considering becoming an electrical engineer. Essential Information

Electrical engineers work to distribute electricity and design electrical systems for vehicles and other products. They have a high starting salary but are expected to see slow job growth in the coming decade. Aspiring electrical engineers should look for ABET-accredited engineering bachelor's programs. Licensure is required in this field for engineers who work directly with the public.

Required Education Bachelor's degree Licensing Requirements Engineers who work for the public must obtain licensure by passing the Fundamentals of Engineering exam and Professional Engineering Exam Projected Job Growth (2014-2024)* 1%Average Salary (2015)* $97,340Source: *U. S. Bureau of Labor Statistics Employment Outlook for Electrical Engineers According to the U. S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS), employment for electrical engineers was expected to increase by just one percent over the 2014-2024 decade ( www.bls.gov ). This slower-than-average growth may be attributed to U. S. companies hiring a growing number of capable engineers from other countries at lower wages. Electrical engineers may find work with state and federal governments, manufacturing plants, and scientific and technical organizations. Some electrical engineers choose to be self-employed and work as consultants. Salary Information According to the BLS, the average annual salary for electrical engineers in May 2015 was $97,340. The bottom 10 percent in the profession made $59,240 or less during this time, and the top 10 percent earned $146,820 or more per year. One of the top-paying industries for electrical engineers was the oil and gas extraction, with a mean annual wage of $129,630. Electrical Engineering Career Fi

Engineers may specialize in an area like communications or aviation. Electrical Engineer Educational Requirements To enter the profession, individuals need a bachelor's degree in electrical engineering. These programs require students to pass sequences in physics and advanced mathematics. Engineering-specific courses may cover broad principles in electricity, such as circuits, system analysis and electromagnetic fields. Many engineering students use cooperative internships to gain on-the-job training. Licensing Overview Engineering licenses are issued by the National Council of Examiners for Engineers and Surveyors (NCEES). According to the NCEES, the Fundamentals of Engineering exam is typically the first step toward sitting for the Professional Engineering (PE) exam and becoming licensed ( www.ncees.org ). The NCEES requires individuals taking the PE exam to have a minimum of four years of work experience and hold a degree from a school accredited by the Accreditation Board of Engineering and Technology (ABET). Once you've looked over the education and licensure requirements, checked on the salary occupation growth statistics, and read up on the job, you'll be in a much better position to decide whether or not electrical engineering is the profession for you. Next: View Schools