names of flags in french

"Living in the Languedoc: Central Government: French National Symbols: The Tricolore (Tricolor or Tricolour)The French National Flag. Only one visual symbol has the official sanction of the Constitution: the tricolore flag (tricolore drapeau). It is sometimes referred to as a tricolour (UK) or tricolor (US) or tricoleur.

The colours are those of Paris (blue and red) combined with the Royal white (the dispossession and execution of the King still lay in the future when the tricolore was first used). Origin of the Cockade and Tricolore. The Marquis de Lafayette was probably responsible for inventing the red, white and blue cockade which soon became compulsory for revolutionaries in 1789. Two examples are shown one on the left, one on the right on a Liberty cap. History of the Tricolore. The flag was created soon after, in 1790, but with the colours the reverse of what they are today, i.e. with red at the hoist and the blue to the fly. The order was reversed in 1794 to the familiar modern form. Associated with Revolutionary and later Imperial France. The three colours in vertical stripes were first used as a canton on Naval flags in 1790, and extended to the whole field in 1794. One of the flags in the naval signalling alphabet is still a red-white-blue vertically striped flag - ie like the modern French flag, but with the colours reversed. The French National Convention adopted the modern blue-white-red flag as the national flag on 15 February 1794 (or 27 pluviôse an II in the revolutionary calendar). The relevant part of the decree says, in translation: II. The national flag shall be formed of the three national colours, set in three equal bands, vertically arranged so that the blue is nearest to the staff, the white in the middle, and the red flying. The Tricolore went out of use with Napoléon's defeat at Waterloo. It was replaced by a white flag (c/f the old royal flag) from 1814 to 1830. During the July revolution of that year the Tricolore was re-established by the Marquis de Lafayette under the relatively liberal regime of Louis-Philippe. It has remained in use ever since. The present Constitution of the French Republic (1958) declares: L'emblème national est le drapeau tricolore, bleu, blanc, rouge (The national emblem is the tricolor, blue, white, red, flag). When hoisted vertically, the French national flag is often forked. The three vertical coloured bands were not always of equal width, and on the French naval jack they are still not of equal width. The idea is that unequal bands can look more equal that genuinely equal ones when the flag is flying. Whether or not it works in real life, is difficult to tell - it certainly does not work well for flat rectangles on the page (see the flag on the left). The flag features on an official French logo shown on the left, along with Marianne and French national motto. It is sometimes represented as a coat of arms as on the right, most people not knowing and not recognising the (semi-official) coat of arms of France. The French tricolore has provided a model for the flags of other Republics - for example Italy and Ireland among many others. But it is not restricted to republics. Belgium for example, a monarchy, uses a tricolore. The French national flag is one of the sybols of sovereignty mentioned in article 2 of the French Constitution of 1958: ""L'emblème national est le drapeau tricolore, bleu, blanc, rouge. ""Variations on the basic tricolore have been used. The French Tricolore featured a Liberty cap for a brief period in 1842. During the Second World War, Vichy France used a plain Tricolore. The flag shown on the right was the personal flag of Marshal Pétain, head of the German-occupied État français. The Free French used a tricolore defaced (to use a technical term) with the Cross of Lorraine, as shown on the left. This is the flag of Louisiana, adopted in 1861. It is one of the many early flags of Louisiana and never had official status. This is the flag of Acadia (Acadie), one of the oldest Francophone communities of Canada. Acadians were deported to various locations in 1755 after their homeland passed to the British Crown in 1713 (it is now the provinces of Nova Scotia and New Brunswick). This Tricolore was introduced in the 1840's as the flag the Motherland of the Acadians. Shortly afterwards, it was adopted as a flag for French Canadian Nationalists. The yellow star is the Stella Maris (symbol of the Virgin Mary, patron saint of mariners). This was the flag of the Lebanon when it was under French control. The French organised Syria into five states under a League of Nations Mandate. One of these states was the French Mandate of Greater Lebanon 1920-1932. Its flag was the French flag with a cedar on the central white stripe. The Flag of French Sudan 1958-1959, which became the independent Republic of Mali in 1960The Flag of French overseas Departments and Territories High French officials use personal banners based on the French tricolore. Presidents since de Gaule deface the banner with their own personal device. Banners of other officials are standardised like the examples below: Prime Minister Minister of National Defence Joint Chief of Staff Naval Chief of Staff These illustrations courtesy of Pierre Gay Admirals also use defaced banners: Fleet Admiral Fleet Vice Admiral Vice Admiral Rear Admiral certain Captains These illustrations courtesy of Pierre Gay Here are some other examples: Minister of Overseas Departments & Territories Maréchal de France Army Chief of Staff Air Force Chief of Staff General Delegate for Armament These illustrations courtesy of Pierre Gay Military flags use the same colours but a different design with a white lozenge in the middle. On the left is the flag of one of Napolean's regiments. On the right is the flag of the Free French Navy with the cross of Lorraine (Croix de Lorraine) in a white lozenge. This jack is still hoisted today on warships of the French Navy named after Free French Naval units. French Yacht Club Flags You will notice that almost no private individual in the Languedoc flies the French Tricolore flag, though many fly the flag of the old Counts of Toulouse, with the famous Cross of Toulouse. Many mairies will fly this flag along with the tricolore and the flag of the European Community. A minor footnote: The annual `rent' paid by The Duke of Marlborough to the English Crown for the royal manor of Woodstock and Blenheim Palace is a Royal French flag, ""Argent three fleurs-de-lys Or"" as shown on the right. It dates from the victory of John Churchill at Blenheim in 1704, well before the French Revolution, when this was the French national flag. The Duke of Wellington pays a similar rent for his property, also granted in recognition of military victory. His victory, at Waterloo, occurred just over a century later, in 1805, after the French Revolution. Each year he presents as rent a tricolore, the national French flag in 1805. "


what is a tool used to

n). T his tool is used for hammering nails and for splitting block or brick with the other end. One end is square and flat and is used like a hammer. The other end is sharp, like a small chisel. The sharp chisel-end is used to make a cutting line around the masonry to be split.

"T his section is dedicated to the do-it-yourselfers. It includes information on tools and equipment needed to get started, the basics of building concrete block walls, garden walls, patio pavers (sidewalks and patios), how to use mortar and grouting techniques. A lso included in this section are the different sizes, shapes, types and kinds of masonry materials, and where you can go to purchase these materials. We'll also link you to other sites that might provide even greater information in helping you with your project! Y ou've heard it said many times, having the right tools makes any job easier. Before you start, there are some basic tools and equipment you'll need. These tools may change depending on the type of job, but generally, the following tools are required when building a masonry wall: T here are different kinds and sizes of trowels. The blade should be made of forged steel to last longer. Handles are generally made of plastic or wood. Blades vary from 9 to 12 inches in length and 4 to 7 inches in width. The larger trowels are used for spreading mortar. A variety of smaller trowels are used repairing old mortar joints and scraping off excess mortar. A trowel that you feel comfortable with can be used to do all of the above, however, you will need a separate tool to finish the mortar joints. T he two most popular trowels are called the Philadelphia trowel and the London trowel. L earning to hold the trowel correctly is important and will make the job easier. Gripping the handle with four fingers and putting the thumb on top of the metal band (ferrule) on the handle is how most masons hold a trowel. T he next step is learning how to load a trowel with mortar. Some people like to fill the trowel by cutting mortar from the top. Others will load the trowel with mortar by cutting from the front, and still others will load by cutting mortar from the side. Your comfort level will dictate your style. Once the trowel is loaded, you must settle the mortar on the trowel by snapping your wrist. This keeps the mortar from slipping off the trowel, especially when you are buttering head joints. The head joint is the joint that runs up and down the block. The bed joint is the one that runs along the top of the block. The bed joint is horizontal, the head joint is vertical. W hen laying the mortar on the block, line the mortar side of the trowel on the side of the block where you want the mortar. In one quick motion, slide the trowel down, using the side of the block as a guide (the trowel should lightly scrape along the side of the block during your downward motio

Light blows with the chisel-end all the way around the block or brick and then a sharp blow with the hammer end will give a clean cut. You might need to practice on a few pieces before it all comes together. T he chisel-end is then used to take off any burrs or pieces which have not broken off cleanly. The mason's hammer can become dangerous if not properly used. Chips can fly off the masonry being cut and injure the face and eyes. ALWAYS USE GOGGLES WHEN SPLITTING MASONRY. I f there are more than just a few blocks or bricks that need to be split, and very clean cuts are required, then a blocking chisel should be used. This is a heavier, wider chisel, up to 8 inches wide. It comes in a variety of sizes and shapes. These chisels are made of steel and are used by holding the small end and striking the end with a heavy mashing hammer, mallet or sledge hammer. This will give a clean cut with usually just one blow. A mashing hammer is used to strike the chisel when cutting block. It is not recommended to use a mason's hammer to strike the chisel since the tempered steel might split and a piece fly off. A mashing hammer has two striking ends and will weigh from two to four pounds. I f you are cutting large quantities of block or brick, you may want to use a masonry power saw. The two basic types of saws are either hand-held or table saws. The hand-held saws usually have a silicon blade about 6 or 7"" high and, therefore, will not give a clean cut all the way through an 8"" block. But a hand-held saw is much quicker and gives a cleaner cut rather than working with a chisel and hammer. A table-mounted saw with an electric motor is always used when there is a lot of cutting. Blades are normally 14 to 20"" high and will cut through any kind of masonry block or brick, especially if the blade is made of industrial diamonds. A ll masonry saws can be very dangerous. Safety goggles are a must and rings and jewelry should not be worn. The same is true for any loose-fitting clothing. If an industrial diamond blade is used, the blade must be cooled with water during cutting to keep the blade from shattering. A dry cut can be made with a silicon-carbide blade, bonded with reinforced mesh. However, dry cutting throws out a lot of dust and a dust mask or respirator must be worn. N ext to the trowel, the level is the second most important tool to have when building a wall. A good level is lightweight and absolutely straight. The better levels are called spirit levels because they contain alcohol in the vials instead of oil. Alcohol is more accurate. T he purpose of the level is to keep the work you are doing plumb (even up and down, or vertically) and even straight across, or horizontally. A good level usually has 6 vials, two in the center, two at each end. The bubble must line up between the two red or black lines in order to be straight or level. If you lay more than one block at a time, you might want to get a level that is at least 36"" long. Some levels are available up to 48"", although mostly used by professional masons. Since most block is 16"" long, you'll want a level between 18"" and 24"". I n order to have an easier time laying a straight wall, a mason's line is recommended. It is recommended that you use a nylon or dacron line, stretched between two corners (and anchored at the corners) of the wall you are building. By laying the line, you won't have to depend on your level as often, speeding up the job. A mason's line will let you build walls without bulges or hollows. A mason's line is placed very close to the block you are laying, but with enough room to still permit you to swipe off the excess mortar without disturbing the line. W hen laying your wall, you'll want to make sure your corners are at a 90 degree angle, assuming you're building a square or rectangle wall. A large steel square, usually 24"" long, should be used for marking off corners when laying out the job, and for checking corners as the wall is being built. If you are building a room, garage, etc., you'll also want to use a 12"" square for checking window and door openings. If these openings are not square, the windows and door may not fit. A jointer is used to finish a mortar joint after it becomes hard enough so that a finger print will show in the mortar upon being pressed. Jointers come in many sizes and shapes, but typically, for blocks, you'll use a sled jointer to create a 3/8th inch joint for long horizontal joints. Vertical or head joints, which are only 8"" high, use a smaller jointer. Jointers are shaped to give a variety of indentations, depending on your preference. The most popular are the V joint and the half-rounded joint (concave joint). These two kinds of joints help shed water better than any other kind of joint. I f you are using clay brick, or other brick products, you will want to use a jointer made specifically for brick. A chalk line comes in a metal or plastic case, with a cotton line coming out of one end. As the line is pulled out, it passes through a fine chalk powder, usually blue or red. When this line is stretched between two points and snapped, it will leave an imprint on the surface being snapped. A chalk line is used for laying out a block wall on a concrete foundation to get the alignment correct. A fter a wall is built, there may be some mortar stains or powder residue on the wall. Before cleaning solutions are used, these marks can often be brushed off the surface. A variety of brushes are available. Powder residue can usually be brushed off with a medium soft bristle brush. A light accumulation of mortar could be brushed with a stiff bristle brush. If not, an abrasive stone or piece of same block or brick after testing in an obscure area may do the job. S tains that don't respond to brushing should be cleaned with a special solution and brushing with a stiff bristle brush. Watering the wall down before and after the wash and brushing is necessary so that the solution isn't absorbed into the wall before it can work. O n small jobs, it probably won't pay to used a powered mortar mixer. Several tools are needed to mix mortar. A regular shovel with a square edge will be needed to proportion materials. A large hoe with two holes in the blade is used to actually mix the mortar sand, masonry cement and water. The holes in the blade make it easier to pull the hoe through the mix and to break up the lumps. Y ou will also need either a mortar box or wheel barrow to mix your mortar in, and a water bucket to measure and add water to the mix. Mortar boxes are usually made of heavy gauge plastic or steel. Once the mortar is mixed, transfer the mortar to a mortar board or hawk, from which you will work when applying the mortar. (Source: ""Building Block Walls: A Basic Guide"" by the National Concrete Masonry Association, Herndon, VA)Block Walls Brick Sidewalks Return to the Main Consumer Page "


list of foods that cause diarrhea

Those sulfur-including foods can lead to diarrhea at some cases. The foods like onions, garlic, broccoli, cabbage, and cauliflower have amounts of insoluble fiber which is a main cause of diarrhea and gas within the gastrointestinal system.

11 foods that cause diarrhea in babies, adults and elderly It is well-known for years that certain foods just do not agree with some individuals. Despite food allergies are well-recognized because of the fact that firm diagnoses could be made via the use of blood tests for the availability of Ig E antibodies, food sensitivities fall into the greyer area. Fortunately, there are still some specific foods that cause diarrhea in babies, adults and elderly which you could avoid if you are among those people who are prone to stomach disorders. Do not overlook this article and take a look from VKool.com!Foods That Cause Diarrhea In Babies, Adults And Elderly – 11 Foods To Avoid1. Milk2. Hot Peppers3. Caffeine4. Sugar Substitutes5. Alcohol6. Insoluble Fiber7. Red Meat8. Sweeteners And Artificial Fats9. Sulfur-Containing Foods10. Legumes11. Acidic Foods1. Milk The sugar within milk, named lactose, could lead to diarrhea in some individuals. This is named lactose intolerance, and it is extremely popular. The symptoms of lactose intolerance could result in diarrhea, gas, cramps, bloating and bad breath. To prevent diarrhea due to lactose intolerance beforehand, avoid milk products. Nevertheless, there are many OTC products that could help deal with the digestion of the milk sugar. Lactose intolerance is not the same as the true milk allergy, in reality. People with a certain allergy had better avoid all varieties of milk products in order to prevent diarrhea or any other digestive disorders.2. Hot Peppers Among foods that cause diarrhea in babies, adults and elderly, hot peppers might make you surprised. In fact, hot peppers are a frequent offender, yet they usually do not cause diarrhea till a few hours after they are consumed. There is a substance named capsaicin in certain types of peppers that could trigger diarrhea. Capsaicin, on the other hand, is also used in many ointments which treat arthritis. What interesting is that casein found in milk could help alleviate the burning effect of capsaicin. In addition to the capsaicin, some individuals might find the seeds and skin of the pepper are hard to pass.3. Caffeine Tea, coffee, and soda are popular places that you could find caffeine, which could be found in gum, chocolate, and even bottled water. Using caffeine can help boost your body systems, including digestion. If you are sensitive to caffeine, over consumption of caffeine could result in diarrhea.4. Sugar Substitutes The food additives like sorbitol and mannitol, could be found in various foods, from yogurt to candy. In fact, even those so-called healthy foods also include additives, so it is necessary for you to read nutrition labels on the foods in order to avoid them if you are prone to stomach disorder like diarrhea. A lot of these sweeteners could be found in natural sources like fruit and veggies. And, they could result in bloating and gas as they tend to be not well absorbed by the human intestine. Extra water gets pulled to bowel and intestine by these additives. Moreover, bacteria within the bowel eat those sugars and manufacture more gas.5. Alcohol When it comes to foods that cause diarrhea, alcohol should be avoided by all cost if possible. Irritating to the GI system, alcohol carries a double whammy for IBS sufferers as it could worsen dehydration.6. Insoluble Fiber Raw veggies, fruits, seeds and nuts act as a stimulant in the digestive system and could result in a narrowing to become blocked. In addition, soluble fiber, like rice, pasta, baked potatoes, oatmeal could help bind the loose stools.7. Red Meat Whilst red meat is a good source of vitamin B12 as well as other nutrients, it is difficult to digest. Other sources of protein, like fish and white meat could be more comfortably digested.8. Sweeteners And Artificial Fats The products which include artificial sweeteners like sorbitol, sucralose, mannito, could result in flatulence and diarrhea even in those with healthy GI tracts. An artificial fat, olestra, could sometimes bring about the same effects. Thus, if you want to avoid diarrhea, steer clear of them.9. Sulfur-Containing Foods

10. Legumes In this list of foods that cause diarrhea, legums are not widely known by people. Any kind of legume like soy beans, beans, peas or lima beans will move through to the small intestine and come to the large intestine undigested. And, the undigested legume results in main flatulence as well as diarrhea. To prevent diarrhea, legumes should be eaten with soluble fiber. Fact is, beans are known to include more indigestible carbs than most other foods.11. Acidic Foods Those acidic foods like vinegar, citrus fruits, and cooked tomatoes must be eaten with carefulness as their high acidity could lead to main distress within the gastrointestinal tract. Hence, if consumed with soluble fiber, they should be consumed in small quantities. There you have known 11 out of most common foods that cause diarrhea. Remember that the primary complication of diarrhea is dehydration resulted from the loss of large amounts of nutrients, water and salt. Thus, if you or your relatives are suffering from ongoing diarrhea and experience rapid heart rate; dark urine; fatigue; headaches; flushed, dry skin, or severe abdominal, then you should consider seeking medical attention instantly. The majority of diarrhea cases resolve spontaneously in a few days and the necessary thing to do is to prevent hydration by replacing lost fluids. After reading this list of foods that cause diarrhea, if you have any comment about this Nutrition post, you should feel free to leave your ideas at the comment section below. We appreciate your contribution and will respond all as soon as possible. Related articles about digestive health: Good and bad foods for digestion How to cure diarrhea at home Tips to treat nausea and vomiting Ways to cure gas and bloating Want More Content Like This In Your Inbox? ALSO ON VKOOLHow to treat blepharitis naturally at home – 8 tips10 Home remedies for inflammation in the body Top 20 Benefits Of Radish On Health And Beauty Health benefits of ginger tea and side effects when consuming it18 Best Tips On How To Increase Calcium Intake Naturally How to get rid of inflammation naturally & fast: 8 tips How To Overcome Depression During Pregnancy And Postpartum Sandalwood Essential Oil Uses And Benefits How to increase productivity in the workplace – 7 useful tips Reiki Master Distance Learning Review – Is Dave’s Course Useful? List Of Healthy Foods For Pregnant Women: 23 Best Cheers25 Natural Home Remedies For Typhoid Fever Are Revealed List Of 8 High Alkaline Foods & Example Recipes To Eat17 Best and natural anti-allergy foods Tags Digestive Health Foods Healthy Living Last Updated: April 18, 2017 by Brown Join The Discussion VKool encourages comments, but please remember: Play nice, keep it clean, stay on-topic, and avoid promotional content. For additional, read our full comment policy. To report spelling errors, misinformation, or corrections in general, please contact us JOIN THE CONVERSATION Comments JOIN THE CONVERSATION


should algebra be capitalized

If ""algebra 1 is a title or the beginning of a sentence, then it should be capitalised. If it is in a sentence, but not at the beginning, then it should not be capitalised.4 people found this useful

Should algebra 1 be capitalized?

"Answers.com ® Wiki Answers ® Categories Science Math and Arithmetic Algebra Should algebra 1 be capitalized? Flag Should algebra 1 be capitalized? Answer by Dan Trensh23 Confidence votes 416

Was this answer useful? Yes Somewhat No Soroxas0307 3 Contributions What is algebra 1? Algebra 1 is the first year of math in high school. You will learn many things, such as problems that involve you finding out what X=. A problem you will see in class us …Big Sister Knows 10,247 Contributions Do you capitalize algebra in a sentence? Only if it is the name of a class or the first word in the sentence. For instance, you could write, ""I love algebra but my Algebra II teacher is very strict."" and ""Algebra is …118753 24 Contributions What should a smart 8th grade math kid take Algebra 1 part 1 or Pre-AP Algebra? well at my school our sixth graders learn pre algebra allready so i would say algebra part 1Notyouraveragedummy ... 327,406 Contributions Do you capitalize algebra and history in a sentence? You only capitalize 'algebra' and 'history' if they are at the beginning of the sentence or part of a title: Algebra and history are my favorite subjects. Our history book is …Tyler Hartt 2,457 Contributions Wiki Answers Floating Supervisor & Community Outreach Guide Do you capitalize algebra? Not unless it is the beginning of a sentence. Eatsomecake 74 Contributions How are Algebra and Algebra 1 different? They aren't If you want to get smart, the difference is the 1XXx Angelxofx Deathx Xx 2 Contributions What is after Algebra 1?usually geometry or algebra II there is another math after Algebra besides Geometry. its called Applied Geometry. the only reason to be in that class is by getting a D. Should you take Algebra 1? Yes, it helps with math skills if you want to become a scientist or teacher etc. Should Team 1 in a sentence be capitalized? Yes, because it is a group of people designated by their name. Nicola . 431,236 Contributions I'm an English Language graduate with a love for books and all things language related. Should you capitalize the word algebra? It should be capitalized if it's referring to a specific course title. For example: ""I'm taking Algebra 101 next semester. ""Anand Mehta 278,404 Contributionsmehtamatics = mathematics with a difference When do you capitalize algebra? When the word is at the start of a sentence. Anna Rino 36,058 Contributions Would algebra in algebra class be capitalized? Yes. Anand Mehta 278,404 Contributionsmehtamatics = mathematics with a difference Answered In Algebra Should 'algebra' begin with a capital A? Not necessarily. Cycling- rod 49,685 Contributions Answered In Algebra When should you capitalize the word algebra? Algebra should only be capitalised if it begins a sentence. Otherwise, it is written as algebra!Anand Mehta 278,404 Contributionsmehtamatics = mathematics with a difference Answered In Math and Arithmetic Should algebra and class be capitalized in a statement? No. Answered In Algebra Is algebra and algebra 1 the same?yes Eric Barnes 483,207 Contributions Answered In Science Should the numbers referring to algebra 1 and 2 be Arabic numbers or roman numerals? I don't think it matters, but since the word ""algebra"" is of Arabic origin, let's go with Arabic numerals for the sake of consistency. "


avatar the last airbender game

r Avatar: The Last Airbender: The Video Game (known as Avatar: The Legend of Aang in Europe) is a video game based on the animated television series of the same name for Game Boy Advance, Microsoft Windows, Nintendo Game Cube, Nintendo DS, Play Station 2, Play Station Portable, Wii, and Xbox.

Avatar: The Last Airbender  (video game)

"From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedianavigation search This article is about the 2006 video game. For the 2010 video game, see The Last Airbender (video game). Avatar: The Last Airbender Developer (s) THQ Studio Australia TOSE (DS)Halfbrick (GBA)Publisher (s) THQPlatform (s) Wii, Nintendo DS, Nintendo Game Cube, Game Boy Advance, Play Station 2, Play Station Portable, Xbox, Windows Release Xbox NA: October 10, 2006Microsoft Windows, PS2, PSP, GCN, DS, GBANA: October 10, 2006EU: February 9, 2007Wii NA: November 13, 2006EU: February 9, 2007Genre (s) Action-adventure, action role-playing Mode (s) Single playe

The game was followed by a sequel, Avatar: The Last Airbender – The Burning Earth, around a year later. The game was a launch title for the Wii in Western territories. Contents [ hide ]1 Gameplay2 Plot2.1 Characters2.2 Story3 Reception4 References5 External links Gameplay [ edit]The Avatar: The Last Airbender video game allows the player to control one of four characters – Aang, Katara, Haru, or Sokka – in a single-player adventure. Each character uses his or her own trademark weapon and fighting style, and is able to earn new special abilities through experience gained from defeating enemies. A variety of items can help the player with quests, or during battle (armor, chi, enchanted accessories, and healing potions). The game also enables the player to collect certain resources and bring them to artisans to make special items. Enemies include classic Firebenders, machines, and a variety of animals from the show, mainly the first book. The console versions of the game were developed by THQ Studio Australia. Plot [ edit]Characters [ edit]The main playable characters in the Avatar: The Last Airbender video game are Aang, Katara, Sokka, and Haru, the former three of which are main characters in the television series the video game is based on. Aang is the fun-loving, 112-year-old protagonist of the video game, he was frozen in an iceberg for a century. He is the current incarnation of the Avatar, the spirit of the planet manifested in human form. As the Avatar, Aang must master all four elements to bring peace to the world and restore the balance between the four nations. Aiding him is the 14-year-old Katara, the sole remaining Waterbender of the Southern Water Tribe, and her brother Sokka, a 15-year-old warrior of the Southern Water Tribe. Haru is a young Earthbender who helps the gang in their mission to save a missing friend. Many characters from the show appear on this game such as Prince Zuko, who has a minor role in the game, only appearing in cutscenes; King Bumi, who appears in the fourth level. Story [ edit]While training in the North Pole, Aang and Katara hear reports of a waterbender, Hiryu, going missing, which they investigate. They arrive at the Water Tribe as a Fire Nation ship attacks, led by Prince Zuko. They are able to fend off the attackers, but Katara is captured during the battle. Aang and Sokka follow the ship, but are slowed by a Firebending machine. They follow the ship to an Earth Kingdom port. They slip into the jail and free Katara, who informs them of another prisoner named Lian the Maker, who is being forced to make machines for the Fire Nation. When they arrive at Lian’s cell, they find it empty, except for a map to an Earth Kingdom village. They find the village under attack by machines. After fending off the machines, picking up Haru and being informed that one of his earthbending friends Yuan was kidnapped, they travel to the library of Omashu for clues to where the machines might originate from. The information from the library leads them to an uncharted island. On the island, they find Lian, making more machines. She fears that Aang will not be able to master all four elements before Sozin’s comet arrives. Aang refused her help, seeing as how the machines were disrupting villages. Lian then voiced her contempt for him as she sends a machine to fight them to flee to the Air temple, attempting to destroy the Avatar statues. They stop Lian, but Katara, Sokka, and Haru are captured by another machine. Aang pursues Lian and the machine to a fortress. After Aang rescues his friends, they find Zuko, also captured by a machine. Upon rescuing him, Zuko attacks the group. At the end of the resulting fight, Zuko is knocked over a cliff and swept over a waterfall. The four enter the fortress, where they find Lian, where she finished a machine being manned by the missing waterbender Hiryu, Haru's friend Yuan and a nameless firebender. Lian tries to attach Aang to the machine, but he battles it instead. During the fight, Katara is struck down, causing Aang to enter the Avatar State and destroys the machine, burying Lian under its rubble, killing her (though she survives in the portable versions of the game. )As the four leave the fortress, Zuko is seen crawling up on the shoreline, grumbling angrily. Reception [ edit]Reception Aggregate scores Aggregator Score Game Rankings65.7% (Xbox) (11 reviews) [8] 65.0% (GBA) (4 reviews) [9] 64.1% (DS) (9 reviews) [10] 63.6% (Wii) (14 reviews) [11] 61.9% (PS2) (18 reviews) [12] 61.5% (GCN) (11 reviews) [13] 55.3% (PSP) (8 reviews) [14] 50.0% (PC) (1 review) [15]Metacritic64% (GBA) (4 reviews) [1] 63% (Xbox) (13 reviews) [2] 63% (DS) (8 reviews) [3] 60% (GCN) (10 reviews) [4] 59% (PS2) (12 reviews) [5] 57% (PSP) (8 reviews) [6] 56% (Wii) (13 reviews) [7]Review scores Publication Score Game Spot7/10 (GBA) [16] 5.9/10 (PS2) [17] 5.9/10 (Xbox, PS2, GCN) [18] [19] 5.7/10 (DS) [20]IGN7/10 (DS) [21] 6/10 (GBA) [22] 6/10 (GBA) [23] 5.1/10 (Xbox, PSP, GCN, Wii, PS2) [24] [25] [26] [27] [28] 5/10 (PC) [29]X-Play (Wii) [30]Nintendo Power 7/10 (GCN) 6.5/10 (DS)Despite mixed critical reviews, THQ's Avatar: The Last Airbender performed well commercially, selling over one million units worldwide as of February 2007 and becoming THQ's top-selling Nickelodeon product of 2006. The game even went on to achieve Sony Computer Entertainment 's ""Greatest Hits"" status for the Play Station 2 on July 19, 2007. [31]References [ edit]^ "" Avatar: The Last Airbender (GBA) at Metacritic"". Metacritic.com. 2006. Archived from the original on 2007-07-21. Retrieved 2007-06-01.^ "" Avatar: The Last Airbender (Xbox) at Metacritic"". Metacritic.com. 2006. Archived from the original on 2007-07-28. Retrieved 2007-06-01.^ "" Avatar: The Last Airbender (DS) at Metacritic"". Metacritic.com. 2006. Archived from the original on 13 May 2007. Retrieved 2007-06-01.^ "" Avatar: The Last Airbender (GCN) at Metacritic"". Metacritic.com. 2006. Archived from the original on 2 June 2007. Retrieved 2007-06-01.^ "" Avatar: The Last Airbender (PS2) at Metacritic"". Metacritic.com. 2006. Archived from the original on 15 May 2007. Retrieved 2007-06-01.^ "" Avatar: The Last Airbender (PSP) at Metacritic"". Metacritic.com. 2006. Retrieved 2007-06-01.^ "" Avatar: The Last Airbender (Wii) at Metacritic"". Metacritic.com. 2006. Retrieved 2007-06-01.^ "" Avatar: The Last Airbender (Xbox) at Game Rankings"". Game Rankings. Archived from the original on 29 April 2007. Retrieved 2007-06-01.^ "" Avatar: The Last Airbender (GBA) at Game Rankings"". Game Rankings. Retrieved 2007-06-01.^ "" Avatar: The Last Airbender (DS) at Game Rankings"". Game Rankings. Retrieved 2007-06-01.^ "" Avatar: The Last Airbender (Wii) at Game Rankings"". Game Rankings. Archived from the original on 19 May 2007. Retrieved 2007-06-01.^ "" Avatar: The Last Airbender (PS2) at Game Rankings"". Game Rankings. Retrieved 2007-06-01.^ "" Avatar: The Last Airbender (GCN) at Game Rankings"". Game Rankings. Retrieved 2007-06-01.^ "" Avatar: The Last Airbender (PSP) at Game Rankings"". Game Rankings. Archived from the original on 13 July 2007. Retrieved 2007-06-01.^ "" Avatar: The Last Airbender (PC) at Game Rankings"". Game Rankings. Archived from the original on 3 July 2007. Retrieved 2007-06-01.^ Provo, Frank (2007-01-17). "" Avatar: The Last Airbender (Game Boy Advance) review at Game Spot"". Game Spot. Archived from the original on 11 June 2007. Retrieved 2007-06-01. 6.9/10 (PSP) Frank Provo (2007-01-17). "" Avatar: The Last Airbender (PSP) review at Game Spot"". Game Spot. Archived from the original on 23 May 2007. Retrieved 2007-06-01.^ Aaron Thomas (2006-12-05). "" Avatar: The Last Airbender (Play Station 2) review at Game Spot"". Game Spot. Archived from the original on 14 May 2007. Retrieved 2007-06-01.^ Aaron Thomas (2006-12-05). "" Avatar: The Last Airbender (Xbox) review at Game Spot"". Game Spot. Archived from the original on 19 June 2007. Retrieved 2007-06-01.^ Aaron Thomas (2006-12-05). "" Avatar: The Last Airbender (Game Cube) review at Game Spot"". Game Spot. Archived from the original on 28 May 2007. Retrieved 2007-06-01.^ Frank Provo (2007-01-17). "" Avatar: The Last Airbender (DS) at Game Spot"". Game Spot. Archived from the original on 9 July 2007. Retrieved 2007-06-01.^ Jack De Vries (2006-10-25). "" Avatar: The Last Airbender (DS) review at IGN"". IGN. Archived from the original on 30 May 2007. Retrieved 2007-06-01.^ Jack De Vries (2006-10-26). "" Avatar: The Last Airbender (GBA) review at IGN"". IGN. Retrieved 2007-06-01.^ Jack De Vries (2006-10-26). "" Avatar: The Last Airbender (GBA) review at IGN"". IGN. Retrieved 2007-06-01.^ Matt Casamassina (2006-10-16). "" Avatar: The Last Airbender (Xbox) review at IGN"". IGN. Archived from the original on 16 June 2007. Retrieved 2007-06-01.^ Matt Casamassina (2006-11-29). "" Avatar: The Last Airbender (Wii) review at IGN"". IGN. Archived from the original on 23 May 2007. Retrieved 2007-06-01.^ Mass Casamassina (2006-10-16). "" Avatar: The Last Airbender (PSP) review at IGN"". IGN. Retrieved 2007-06-01.^ Matt Casamassina (2006-10-16). "" Avatar: The Last Airbender (GCN) review at IGN"". IGN. Archived from the original on 17 May 2007. Retrieved 2007-06-01.^ Matt Casamassina (2006-10-16). "" Avatar: The Last Airbender (PS2) review at IGN"". IGN. Retrieved 2007-06-01.^ Matt Casamassina (2007-02-05). "" Avatar: The Last Airbender (PC) review at IGN"". IGN. Retrieved 2007-06-01.^ Raymond Padilla. "" Avatar: The Last Airbender review at X-Play"". G4. Archived from the original on 5 June 2007. Retrieved 2007-06-01.^ Jose Liz. ""THQ's Avatar Now Available for $20"". Archived from the original on 2007-10-13. Retrieved 2007-10-18. External links [ edit]Announcement article on IGNAvatar The Last Airbender Games Avatar: The Last Airbender at Moby Games [ hide]v t e Avatar Created by Michael Dante Di Martino and Bryan Konietzko The Last Airbender Episodes Book 1: Water Book 2: Earth Book 3: Fire"" Sozin's Comet ""Comics The Promise The Search The Rift Smoke and Shadow North and South Characters Aang Appa Zuko Katara Sokka Toph Beifong Iroh Azula Video games Avatar: The Last Airbender The Burning Earth Into the Inferno Other Lego Roller coaster ride Trading card game The Legend of Korra Episodes Book 1: Air"" Welcome to Republic City ""Book 2: Spirits"" Rebel Spirit "" "" The Southern Lights """" Civil Wars ""Book 3: Change Book 4: Balance Comics Turf Wars Characters Korra Asami Sato Bolin Mako Tenzin Lin Beifong Zaheer Kuvira Video games The Legend of Korra A New Era Begins Film The Last Airbendervideo game soundtrack Zuko's Story Related Nicktoons Nitro Nicktoons MLBBook Category Categories:2006 video games Video games with cel-shaded animation THQ games Tose (company) games Nintendo DS games Game Cube games Game Boy Advance games Play Station 2 games Play Station Portable games Video games developed in Australia Xbox games Windows games Avatar: The Last Airbender games "


where does taro grow

eae PLANT DESCRIPTION Taro is grown as a root crop throughout the humid tropics and is one of the most important food staples in the Pacific. It needs a long, frost-free growing season and plenty of water. Taro has large, light green, heart-shaped leaves, fleshy stems and grows up to 1.5 m in height. Taro is suitable for both wetland and dryland culture. It will grow well in partial shade, making it an excellent understorey plant. Flowers are infrequent and it rarely sets seed.

AVAILABLE FOR PURCHASE: buy or get emailed when available TARO GROWING INFORMATION © Frances and Jeff Michaels BOTANICAL NAME: Colocasia esculenta COMMON NAMES: Taro, cultivars 'Bun Long' syn. Purple Spot Taro; and 'Chinese'; Dasheen FAMILY: Arac

The cultivar 'Bun-long' is an excellent eating taro with a creamy white, dense, starchy flesh with purple flecks, it grows well in tropical zones. The leaves are green with a purplish centre spot, the stems become reddish as they mature. The 'Chinese' cultivar suits areas from northern NSW to south-east Qld. PLANTING DETAILSRecommended planting time: Any time of year in frost-free areas, in spring in cold areas. Best growth occurs at 25-35°C. Planting depth: Plant the tuber a few centimetres below the soil surface. Plant spacing: 60-90 cm apart with 1.8 m between rows. Soil type: Well-drained soil enriched with plenty of organic matter; p H 5.5 - 7. Growing details: Taro is propagated in two ways: 1. by offshoots from the mother corm. Offshoots are separated from the main plant when they are at least 15 cm in height.2. by chopping the dark top section of the taro tuber into small pieces, leave for a day to allow surfaces to dry and replant. Taro needs consistent irrigation and a well-drained rich soil with plenty of organic matter. Fertilise two or three times during the growing season; potash is particularly important. HARVEST INFORMATION The crop matures in 9-12 months, when the leaves begin to yellow and die down and there is a slight lifting of the tubers. Lift the tubers as you would sweet potatoes. Taro does not store for longer than a month, so leave tubers in the soil until needed. USES Taro tubers are peeled and then baked, steamed, boiled or mashed. In Hawaii, it is sliced and fried into taro chips. Taro starch grains are extremely small and easily digested. Due to the presence of calcium oxalate crystals which can irritate the mouth, it cannot be eaten raw. In Polynesia, poi is made from fermented ground taro; it is grey to mauve in colour, sour but nourishing and said to be good for the digestion. Young leaves can also be eaten well-cooked. RECIPESTaro Cakes1 medium sized taro (about 500g)1 tbsp milk (or coconut milk)20g butter1 egg yolksalt, pepperflourvegetable oil Peel the taro, boil and mash it; mix in the milk, egg yolk, salt and pepper, and shape into flat cakes. Roll these in flour and fry in oil. Makes 12 small cakes. Baked Taro2 medium sized taro (about 1kg)10g buttermilk of one coconutsalt and pepper2 birdseye chillies50g grated cheese Peel the taro and cut into thin rounds. Grease a wide casserole dish with the butter and place the sliced taro in it. Add the salt, pepper, chopped chillies and pour the coconut milk over the top. Cover the dish and bake at 175 C for about 1½ hours. Take out, remove lid, sprinkle with cheese and bake until the cheese is golden brown. Tahitian Spinach is a type of Taro used for its leaves and stems.


how many glucerna shakes can i drink a day

Glucerna is a supplement, not a meal replacement, and are meant only to balance your diet. Even only consuming 3 products a day (shakes or snack bars) you are getting higher concentrations of proteins and other nutrients than you need in one sitting, while not getting near your daily allowance of others you need.

Glucerna versus eating

Glucerna versus eating By runthe Latest Reply 6 years ago Started 6 years ago 1 Likes Hi all, Hope that everyone here is doing great. In the last 3 months I had 2 colonoscopy that I had to repeat because of not being prepared. The last one was this pass monday. Before the schedule test I did everything that I was supposed to do and even dranked the two gallons of solutions that was given me. When they told me that I had to repeat the test in december I was totally upset with my self. Since then I havent eaten aything. All I have been doing is drinking glucerna shakes for all my meals. My blood sugars have been great and I have had no highs or lows. I was wondering if this is good for me to just drink the shakes and not eat anything for the next to months until my test in dececmber. My hubby agrees that this is the bset since my blood sugars have be good. I am asking my DC community what is your intake on this. Have a great day and lots of hugs and loves my Rhonda.. Tags: type 2 motivation/emotions nutrition site feedback support type 2 diabetes diabetes dietdiabetes treatments emotional support Tweet Add your reply8 repliesrunthe 6 years ago 0Thank you all for your advice. I starting to think that I have made a bad choice here. I am starting to have palpatations. My heart is racing and everytime I feel like I am hungry I drink a can of glucerna. I think that I might have to rethink this over. Reply Likered flower lady 6 years ago 1No, it is ok to have them, but not for all meals. You just need to eat a balanced meal with the correct portion sizes and drink plenty of water. If having digestion issues, then get some form of exercising in to help your body process the food if possible. Also, you don't have to get ready for the test soo far in advance. You can alter your eating a week before test if that was the reason for the retest, and then do the prep as prescribed. I have gastroparesis and have a very slow digestion/elimination process and this works for me. Good luck, I'm sure the test will turn out fine:)Reply Like Just Joyce 6 years ago 2No the body needs nourishment it cannot get from a can. Meals should only be replaced with a supplement when you are not in a place where you can grab a meal. I do not use Glucerna at all. For me they give me gas or make me feel bloated. The best thing for you to do is to eat food and drink plenty of water. Reply Like Nick1962 6 years ago 2In addition to Jo’s input, I will say NO.

Speaking of sitting, after about a week your digestive system will have nothing to do, so the first scrap of solid food in you will cause distress, and after you resume eating again, the toilet will become a torture chair. After mistakenly doing the protein shake thing myself, I can tell you, you’ll end up one sick puppy. As Jo suggests, find out why it needs repeating. Did you fail to prep well enough, or did he find something he needs to watch? Either way, the only time you should even consider a diet like this is if you are in bed and too ill to feed yourself. Reply Like Just Joyce 6 years ago 3I agree with you 100%. Supplements should never be used in place of eating food. Reply Like Next Discussion: Green coffee bean extract »


where do the ash borer come from

Green Menace-Emerald Ash Borer Scientific name: Agrilus planipennis The adult emerald ash borer Homeland / Origin: This alien invader is from northern China and Korea. It can also be found in eastern Russia, Japan, and Mongolia. It isn't a major pest of ash trees in its native range, but it sure is trouble in the United States. Arrival date: Before 2002, the emerald ash borer (EAB) was never found outside of Asia.

Green Menace-Emerald Ash Borer

But, in 2002, it was identified in southeast Michigan. Researchers think it arrived in Detroit several years earlier, probably as a stow-away in wooden packing materials aboard a ship. Where has it spread? The original infestation in the Detroit area has grown since 2002, largely because of people moving infested firewood. On its own, the EAB only flies about 1/2 a mile in a year. But tucked away in a piece of ash firewood, it can move hundreds of miles in a single day in the trunk or truck bed of an unsuspecting camper. The EAB has now hitchhiked its way to Wisconsin and all of our neighboring states. It has also been found in Ontario and Quebec, Canada. What's the big deal? All North American ash species are at risk of EAB infestation. Usually more than one insect infests a tree. Once these invaders get into a tree, the tree always dies. There are some ash trees that are not at risk, such as the mountain ash, but that's because they are not true ash trees. In Wisconsin, there are approximately 700 million ash trees in our forests, and about as many in our towns and cities. It's the second most common tree in urban areas, after the Norway maple. So, you can imagine what these insects could do to Wisconsin's forests and tree-lined streets!Emerald ash borer larva feeding under the bark of an ash tree. How do they kill ash trees? The EAB, like many insects, has four distinct life stages: adult, egg, larva, pupa. EAB larvae live underneath the bark of ash trees, feeding on the layer of the tree's trunk that lies just below. When they do this, they cut off the flow of water and nutrients in the tree. Most trees die after about 3 years of infestation. The top of the tree begins to die first. Identifying an ash tree: All ash trees have compound leaves, made up of 5 to 11 leaflets with a toothed or jagged edge. Another characteristic of ash trees is that their leaves are formed opposite from each other along a branch. You can look at the leaves on EEK's Tree Identification Key. D-shaped beetle exit hole. How to tell if an ash tree is infested with EAB: Sometimes ash trees produce epicormic (there's a new word for you!) sprouts or ""water sprouts"" on the trunk or on large branches where EAB damage is heavy. Epicormic sprouts are shoots coming from old wood. The bark of the tree may crack over the larval galleries - the places where the larvae are burrowing. Adult beetles leave a characteristic exit hole that looks like a capital ""D,"" roughly 1/8 inch in diameter, when they emerge in June. Woodpeckers often attack larvae, especially during the winter, flaking off the bark in small strips as well as making holes. Woodpecker damage is larger and easier to see than the D-shaped exit holes. Several infestations have been discovered because people noticed woodpecker damage on ash trees and then took a closer look. Another common symptom of EAB infestation is yellowing or dying branches at the top of the tree. Because there are many different kinds of pests and diseases that can produce similar symptoms in ash, it's important to identify at least three of these symptoms before alerting experts. Emerald ash borer beetles are colorful, but destructive. What does the emerald ash borer look like? The adult beetle is dark metallic green, ½ inch-long and 1/8 inch wide. An EAB can easily fit on top of a US penny, with room to spare! When adults flare their wings, you can see their violet abdomen. Larvae feed in the inner bark between the wood and the rough outer bark. They are flat, cream-colored grubs with wide heads-ugh. Here's a picture of the EAB larval galleries showing where the larva are burrowing. What is the life cycle of EAB? Adult beetles begin emerging from an infested tree in May, with peak emergence in June. You'll find most of the beetles in late June and early to mid-July. Females usually begin laying eggs about 2 weeks after they leave the tree. Eggs hatch in 1-2 weeks, and the tiny larvae bore through the bark and into the cambium and phloem. This is the area between the bark and wood, where nutrients are transported within the tree. The larvae feed under the bark for several weeks, usually from late July through October. The larvae typically pass through four stages, eventually reaching a size of roughly 1 to 1 1/4 inches long. Most EAB larvae spend the winter in a small chamber in the outer bark or in the outer 1/2 inch of wood. Pupation occurs in spring and the new generation of adults will emerge in May or June, to begin the cycle again. What is being done about this alien invader? There is a national effort to limit the spread and impact of EAB. A national plan, coordinated by the United States Department of Agriculture, Animal Plant Health Inspection Service (APHIS), guides what federal, state and local officials must do to manage this insect. Infested areas are quarantined, which means that things like ash firewood, nursery trees, and ash logs may not be moved out of areas where there are EAB. In Wisconsin, the Department of Agriculture, Trade and Consumer Protection (DATCP) is currently leading efforts to watch for the EAB and respond to these alien invaders. The Department of Natural Resources (DNR), U. S. Forest Service, DATCP and the University of Wisconsin are conducting surveys and setting traps near where EAB has been found and in areas that are at high risk for introduction of the emerald ash borer. These include camping areas and locations where ash trees may have been planted within the last 10 years. Public information and education efforts are focusing on reporting possible sightings of EAB and restricting the movement of firewood. What can you do to stop this invader? Because emerald ash borers and other harmful forest pests and diseases can move around on firewood, don't move firewood over long distances. If you're going camping at a park or staying a cabin in the woods, buy firewood for your trip when you reach your destination. And, when you're buying firewood, look for wood that doesn't have any bark on it, or has been aged at least 2 years, or has been dried in a kiln. It's less likely to have any pests or diseases on it. Be aware of quarantines and problems with pests and diseases in the areas you are visiting. Don't take Wisconsin pests with you to other states. Wisconsin firewood may contain bugs or diseases that don't exist in other states. Keep an eye on the ash trees in your neighborhood for any signs of the emerald ash borer. Call the Wisconsin Dept. of Agriculture, Trade, and Consumer Protection at 1-800-462-2803 if you suspect your ash tree might be infected. Let's keep this alien invader from spreading in Wisconsin!For more information visit: www.dnr.wi.gov/invasives/firewood Would you like to build an emerald ash borer beetle? Check out these Build a Beetle instructions. "


how late can males receive hpv vaccine

HPV also puts men at a risk for cancers of the anus and penis. Those are rare, but still... So, for men like me who missed the vaccine, is it still worth it? The answer is complicated. In 2011, the CDC began recommending the vaccine for males ages 11 through 21 (26 for some high-risk groups). I was too old for the vaccine by the time the CDC began recommending it for men. But researchers I talked to said the vaccine could still help, if I haven’t already been exposed.

News • Health / August 22, 2016Is 20-Something Too Late For A Guy To Get The HPV Vaccine? Original story from WFYI-FMJake Harper Article origination WFYI-FMIs 20-Something Too Late For A Guy To Get The HPV Vaccine? Brian Paul/Side Effects A generation of young men missed out on the HPV vaccine. Now, Side Effects Public Media 's 29-year-old correspondent wonders if that’s putting him at risk. Sex with someone new has always made me nervous. And now, TV is making is making it even worse. I keep seeing scary ads featuring young people asking their parents why they didn’t get the vaccine to protect against the human papillomavirus, or HPV. If you’re unfamiliar with HPV, it’s a sexually transmitted infection and it has been linked to various cancers, including cervical cancer. Know HPV TV Spot, 'HPV Vaccination'12401 total national airings more details >>i Spot.tv Spot On Boo!I didn’t get vaccinated. So lately I’ve been wondering, now that I’m 29 and single again: Is it too late for me to get the vaccine? I found out about HPV in 2008 from a college girlfriend. Back then, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention only recommended the vaccine for girls and young women between the ages 11 and 26. The earlier the better, they said, to try to reach girls before they became sexually active. The vaccine is also more effective at a younger age. At the time, I remember thinking that limiting it to females was strange — after all, men still spread HPV, right? But I didn’t worry that much. My understanding was that, since I didn’t have a cervix, HPV couldn’t hurt me. Wrong. HPV absolutely affects men. It causes genital warts and is pulling past tobacco and alcohol as a leading cause of cancers in the back of the mouth and throat, the area called the oropharynx. The CDC now estimates about 70 percent of all oropharyngeal cancers may be caused by HPV, including roughly 12,600 cases in men each year.“There are now more oropharynx cancers in men in the United States each year than there are cervical cancers in women,” says Erich Sturgis, a surgeon and researcher at the MD Anderson Cancer Center in Houston. And there’s no way to screen for oropharyngeal cancer, so Sturgis says most people catch it late.“Typically it’s a man, while he’s shaving he notices a lump in his neck,” says Sturgis. “That means it’s already a cancer that has spread.”

An estimated 80 percent of sexually active people will be exposed to HPV by the age of 45. For men, there’s no commercially available test to find out if you have been exposed. (Women can be checked for HPV exposure as part of a Pap test. )Eighty percent of the population sounds bleak, but there’s a caveat: “There are several dozen types of HPV that infect the genital region,” says Greg Zimet, co-director of the Center for HPV Research in Indianapolis. Just a fraction of those cause cancer or warts, and the latest version of the vaccine Gardasil protects against nine of those HPV types, the ones responsible for vast majority of HPV-related problems. So let’s say — hypothetically — you’re kind of shy around women and haven’t had that many partners. Is it possible you’ve been spared?“The chances you’ve been exposed to all nine types are actually vanishingly small,” says John Schiller, a researcher with the National Cancer Institute. Schiller says the vaccine might not be a bad idea for someone outside the CDC’s recommended age range, but it’s not cheap. “You’re past the age where your health insurance is going to pay for it,” says Schiller, so he says it’s a personal decision. “Peace of mind for you may be worth more than it is for some other people.”The CDC currently recommends three doses. At $130 a dose out-of-pocket, getting vaccinated against HPV is going to cost me more than a few very nice dinners out. Even though I’m past the CDC’s recommended age, and even though the price is steep, I asked my doctor to give me the vaccine. It could help me, even if it just calms my anxious inner voice. And it might keep me from spreading the virus to someone else. Side Effects Public Media is a health reporting collaborative based at WFYI in Indianapolis. Jake Harper can be reached at 317-614-0482 or jharper@wfyi.org. Follow him on Twitter: @jkhrpr.


what plants in garden will grow in august

s. Planting Out in August Plant out the savoy cabbages and cauliflowers to grow on for the earliest crop as well as hardy kales. Cultivation, Pests & Problems Your runner beans will be at the top of the canes now so pinch out their growing tip to encourage bushier growth below.

Fruit & Vegetable Growing Guide for August August with a little luck brings us the best of the summer weather but being the traditional holiday month it can be hard to keep on top of the vegetable plot with a fortnight away even if a neighbour can be persuaded to water as required Sowing & Planting in August on the Vegetable Plot The sweetcorn is as high as an elephant’s eye and soon the cobs will be ripe and ready. Direct Sowing in August There are still quite a few things you should be sowing in August. Spring Cabbage and Chinese cabbage, which is a late crop as well as hardy lettuce. Although we think of lettuce as a summer crop, it is a surprisingly hardy plant and under cloche and in the greenhouse can easily be available for a Boxing day salad rather than some tasteless import from sunnier climes. Sow spring onions like White Lisbon winter hardy which will grow, albeit slowly, to add zing to that salad along with some fast growing radishes. Late spinach can be sown in August along with a last sowing of kohlrabi and turnip

Pick all runner, climbing and dwarf beans regularly except for the haricot varieties such as Borlotti where we want the bean rather than pod for table. Stop tomato plants now to encourage fruit to swell and ripen. Stopping is the process of cutting off the growing tip so the plant’s energy is not diverted into foliage from fruit. Keep your tomato side shoots in check, you want tomatoes not masses of foliage. Ensure they are watered regularly, drying out prevents the plant from taking up sufficient calcium and the deficit causes blossom end rot. Keep on top of the pests. Aphids and Blackfly are a particular problem in the greenhouse although they are certainly about in the open plot as well. You can control them with pesticides or just wash them off many plants with a strong jet of water. A squirt with soft soap solution will do no harm to the plants and will reduce the numbers down by stopping the pests breathing. In the greenhouse the biological controls are most effective and don’t forget the traditional sticky yellow cards which attract the whitefly. . Fruit If we do get a prolonged dry spell, don’t forget that that fruit bushes and trees need watering. Swelling apples and currants need water as much as leafy vegetables. Give a good soaking rather than little spinkles that encourage surface rooting. It’s the last chance for summer pruning. Watch out for overladen plums and damsons. If needed you can suppot branches by inserting a length of 2×1 notched at the top (like an old fashioned line prop) to support the branch or tie to the stem with robust twine. Keep the base of trees weed and grass free, mulch to keep in moisture and add fertility with garden compost. Protect autumn raspberries now with netting from the birds before the fruits arrive and the birds eat them. In the Greenhouse / Polytunnel Ensure good ventilation. It can get incredibly hot in a greenhouse with strong sun and scorch your plants. You should also consider shading the house either with blinds or films or with a shading wash Keep pinching off the side shoots with your tomatoes and stop them a few leaves after a truss by pinching out the growing stem.keep an eye out for pests such as aphids, whitefly, red spider mite. If you are subject to attack by these pests it is worth checking out biological controls as these are perfectly safe to use and, used correctly, more effective than traditional chemical controls. Many of the chemical controls of the past are no longer available anyway so the organic alternatives are now the mainstream choice. Check out: Polytunnel Growing in August Monthly Guides to Growing Vegetables & Fruit With Free Seeds!Fruit & Vegetable Growing Guide for January Fruit & Vegetable Growing Guide for February Fruit & Vegetable Growing Guide for March Fruit & Vegetable Growing Guide for April Fruit & Vegetable Growing Guide for May Fruit & Vegetable Growing Guide for June Fruit & Vegetable Growing Guide for July Fruit & Vegetable Growing Guide for August Fruit & Vegetable Growing Guide for September Fruit & Vegetable Growing Guide for October Fruit & Vegetable Growing Guide for November Fruit & Vegetable Growing Guide for December Download & Print: Vegetable Sowing & Harvest Chart

s. In the shorter term, sowing and planting kohlrabi, early peas, mizuna, beetroot and carrots where soil is workable and periodically sun-kissed should serve up some welcome produce in spring. Plant rhubarb crowns in richly composted soil and watch out for slugs and snails. August is also a last chance to plant garlic. For those with a long-term garden plan its time to plant asparagus crowns for a succulent, spring harvest that could keep recurring for up to 20 years.more

The Pod Top5for August

August is perhaps the most important month for gardeners keen on sowing and growing their own spring and summer crops and its nice to now be thinking of ripe tomatoes, cucumbers, aubergines, juicy melons, sweet crunchy capsicums and hot, pungent chillies. Before we can plant these mouth waterers we must sow them and grow them into viable seedlings. Buying seed now puts you at the start of the game and can help the rush of spring to be a more relaxed and well-planned affair. It should save you money as you generate many seedlings for the price of one bought at the garden centre and as you enjoy that harvest further down the line you’ll have the pleasure of knowing that you were involved from start to finish. Petite Kitchen's Eleanor Ozich offers a winter range of goodness including a Kale salad, Slow cooked zucchini, Chai spiced carrot cake and soothing Chicken soup here. August SOW & PLANTClear warm windowsills, tidy your greenhouses and prepare small pots, punnets and trays for sowing seeds of aubergine, capsicum, chilli, cucumber, zucchini and tomato. These will produce seedlings ready for the first signs of settled warm weather in a couple of months’ time. If you are in a really cold part of the country then a cold frame or greenhouse may come in handy as you await the right growing conditions outdoor

August HARVESTLeeks, cabbages and turnips sown last autumn should be ready around now along with broccoli, spinach, silverbeet, cauliflower and kohlrabi. Early season avocados can be harvested when they reach mature size. Pick them when they are still hard – they don’t actually soften on the tree – keep them at room temperature for a few days and they should be ready. Tamarillos are often at their best in August and olives are also ready for trees to be shaken onto a sheet or tarpaulin – the easiest way to gather them quickly. Citrus is in good shape around now too with oranges. Lemons, mandarins and grapefruit all adding some zest to mid winter.more August SEASONAL TASKSTime to check your tools are all in good shape and well-oiled. Wait for a sunny day and empty your shed onto the lawn or driveway. Go through all hand tools and check handles and heads are still firmly fixed and without wobbles. Cutting tools such as secateurs, shears, loppers and hoes can be sharpened with a sharpening stone that can be purchased from a hardware store. Oil all moving tools and use a wire brush or fine sandpaper to remove any rust that has appeared on blades etc. Once clean, rub with an oil-soaked cloth. Use linseed oil or beeswax to rub down all wooden tool handles and keep them clean and flexible.more SEASONAL RECIPESEleanor Ozich Soothing chicken soup Kale salad Slow cooked zucchini with basil and lemon Chai spiced carrot cake Vic P @ Pod Gardens The Refreshment Room @ POD Gardens How to dig a garden bed @ POD TVSign up to the POD newsletter Pod Gardening


symptoms of ptsd in vietnam veterans

""But it's never too late to get treatment. ""Even for veterans in their 70s and 80s, a combination of psychotherapy, medication, and marital and family therapy can reduce PTSD symptoms, including insomnia, anxiety and irritability, he said. The Vietnam War ended in 1975.

"PTSD Symptoms Persist for Thousands of Vietnam Vets, Study Finds It's never too late to seek help, experts say Please note: This article was published more than one year ago. The facts and conclusions presented may have since changed and may no longer be accurate. And ""More information"" links may no longer work. Questions about personal health should always be referred to a physician or other health care professional. En Español By Tara Haelle Health Day Reporter WEDNESDAY, July 22, 2015 (Health Day News) -- More than a quarter-million Vietnam veterans suffer from post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms today, four decades after the war's end, a new study estimates. And at least one-third of them have major depression as well. ""It's been known for thousands of years that serving in war is a hardship, that readjusting to civilian life is a hardship, and that there is a kind of moral injury involved in the duty of being asked to kill others to defend your country,"" said lead author Dr. Charles Marmar, director of the Steven and Alexandra Cohen Veterans Center at NYU Langone Medical Center in New York City. ""For some veterans, as they become older, they may become more vulnerable to experiencing PTSD symptoms or might have an increase in their symptoms as their health declines, particularly their neurological health,"" Marmar said.

But despite changing times, changing technology and changing attitudes towards war, ""in every study, we can estimate roughly 20 to 30 percent of war veterans are vulnerable, and we expect the same from Iraq and Afghanistan,"" Marmar said. Marmar and colleagues followed up with Vietnam veterans who participated in a long-term study starting from 1984 to 1988. Of more than 1,800 still alive for this study, 1,450 participated in at least one phase of the new three-part study. The phases included a health questionnaire, health interview and clinical interview. The findings were published online July 22 in the journal JAMA Psychiatry. PTSD is considered an anxiety disorder. People may feel afraid when they're no longer in danger, or continue to relive traumatic events. They have a damaged ""fight-or-flight response,"" says the U. S. National Institute of Mental Health. Several ways exist to measure and diagnose PTSD. This study used measures ranging from full PTSD to major symptoms falling just short of a diagnosis, an important aspect of the study, said Rachel Yehuda, director of the Mental Health Patient Care Center at the James J. Peters Veterans Affairs Medical Center in New York City. ""The idea of 'subthreshold' PTSD is extremely important. We tend to think of combat veterans as having or not having PTSD,"" Yehuda said. ""This study reminds us that the effects of combat trauma really do last a long time and justifies the long-term treatment that combat veterans receive. ""Depending on the measure, the study showed between 4.5 percent and 11.2 percent of men and between 6.1 and 8.7 percent of women are experiencing serious PTSD symptoms. When the authors applied these numbers to the number of veterans who served in Vietnam and are still living, they calculated that approximately 271,000 men and women are suffering from PTSD symptoms. Among all those with PTSD, 37 percent also had major depression, and 16 percent reported a major increase in symptoms since the earlier interview, compared to 8 percent whose symptoms had significantly decreased. ""We have to take a very critical look at what we are offering older veterans,"" said Yehuda. ""We have to think about helping veterans make lifestyle choices that change the way they feel physically as well as mentally, and focus on building skills and options for productive and meaningful living,"" Yehuda said. The persistence of symptoms in some veterans and not others may relate to a variety of factors, including differences in initial exposure to combat, coping strategies and resilience developed before or after combat, said Dr. Vernon Williams, director of the Kerlan-Jobe Center for Sports Neurology and Pain Medicine in Los Angeles. ""Attention must be paid to early, accurate, effective treatment of PTSD as well as other health- and behavior-related issues that, when poorly managed, are likely to increase the disability related to PTSD,"" Williams said. The importance of early intervention has implications for today's younger combat veterans as well, Marmar said. The two major supports for returning veterans are the units they served with -- ""their brothers and sisters in arms"" -- and their families, he said. ""Protecting the families, supporting the units, providing early care, avoiding alcohol and drugs, avoiding social isolation, and destigmatizing care are all critical,"" he said. More information For more about post-traumatic stress disorder, visit the U. S. National Center for PTSD. SOURCES: Charles R. Marmar, M. D., chairman, department of psychiatry, and director, Steven and Alexandra Cohen Veterans Center, NYU Langone Medical Center, New York City; Rachel Yehuda, Ph. D., director, Mental Health Patient Care Center and PTSD Research Program, James J. Peters Veterans Affairs Medical Center, New York City, and professor, psychiatry and neuroscience, and director, traumatic stress studies division, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City; Vernon Williams, M. D., director, Kerlan-Jobe Center for Sports Neurology and Pain Medicine, Los Angeles; July 22, 2015, JAMA Psychiatry, online Last Updated: Jul 22, 2015Copyright © 2015 Health Day. All rights reserved. "


what are early signs of menopause?

es During the early stages of menopause, you may find that you’re getting more — and worse — headaches. This is often caused by your dropping estrogen levels. Many women with regular menstrual cycles get headaches just before their periods or at ovulation ( source ).

Symptoms of Early Menopause

"Symptoms of Early Menopause By Early Menopause.com In this helpsheet you will find more information on the most common physical symptoms, why you get them — and some suggestions on effective treatments and coping strategies. We’ll also look at the very real emotional side of early menopause and the ways in which you can manage and cope with the psychological aspects of this journey. Although this page offers an in-depth look at the symptoms of early menopause as a whole, we also have numerous other helpsheets that tackle these issues in great detail. Physical Signs Emotional Signs Irregular Periods (changes in frequency, duration, etc.) Irritability Infertility Mood Swings Hot Flashes and Night Sweats Lowered Libido Vaginal Dryness Anxiety Bladder Control Problems “Brain Fog” — difficulty concentrating Insomnia/Disrupted Sleep Memory Lapses Palpitations Extreme Fatigue/Low Energy Levels Weight Gain (especially around your waist and abdomen) Confusion/Lack of Concentration Skin Changes (dryness, thinning look) Feeling Emotionally Detached Headaches Breast Tenderness Gastrointestinal Distress and Nausea Tingling or Itchy Skin“Buzzing” in your head, ""Electric Shock"" Sensation Bloating Dizziness/Lightheadedness Sore Joints/Muscles Hair Loss or Thinning Increase in Facial Hair Changes in Body Odor Dry Mouth and Other Oral Symptoms Irregular Periods Your periods may come more frequently (e.g. every 24 days instead of every 28) or they may come later than they used to. You may have a light period that lasts only a few days, then the next month have very heavy bleeding. In some cases your period may last a shorter amount of time, or go on and on for what feels like an eternity. You may skip a month, then go back to normal for several months, then skip two periods in a row.

Irregular periods are a very common symptom that affect every woman slightly differently. This happens because, in the initial phases of premature menopause, your hormones are erratic — and your periods are reacting to this instability.

Nevertheless, the type of irregularity you experience is a usually a tip-off to what is happening in your body: Extremely Heavy Bleeding In this case, estrogen builds up the uterine lining as normal. However, at the same you aren’t producing enough progesterone (since you haven’t ovulated and therefore haven’t developed a corpus luteum ). Without progesterone to stop it, the uterine lining keeps building up, until the estrogen production finally drops off and the lining is shed. A heavy bleed can also be a sign of an anovulatory period. Shorter Cycles (More Frequent Period)This can often signal that you are producing lower levels of estrogen during your preovulatory stage — and that your FSH levels are higher than normal. With more FSH to stimulate them, your follicles are developing faster — which shortens your cycle. Skipped/Less Frequent Periods This usually happens as your ovaries continue declining and your menstrual cycle starts cycling down. Over time, even extremely high levels of follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) don’t produce enough estrogen for eggs to mature and for your uterine lining to thicken. As you get closer to menopause, your menstrual cycle usually lengthens. Periods come less frequently and there’s more time between them. Then you may begin skipping periods. And eventually, in the biggest change in your menstrual cycle, menopausal women stop having periods altogether. Extremely Light Periods A very light bleed usually indicates that you aren’t making enough estrogen to build up your uterine lining. However, as with its reverse (extremely heavy period), it may also be a sign of an anovulatory period. You should be aware that some irregularities in your menstrual cycle may not be related to premature menopause, but could be a sign of some abnormality — including cancer, polyps, non-malignant tumors, or fibroids (which in fact are very common when women first begin going through menopause). Infertility Possibly one of the most upsetting clues that you’re in premature menopause is the inability to conceive. You may still be having your period and therefore assume everything is perfectly normal. On the other hand you may be noticing irregular periods and assume there’s something else wrong with you and never think it’s menopause. Many women learn that they’re in premature menopause when they go to their doctor or reproductive endocrinologist to determine why they’re not getting pregnant. Usually when you first ask about infertility problems, your doctor gives you a test to determine baseline levels for follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH). It’s the level of your FSH that typically indicates whether you are in menopause. This test (and others) is discussed on the Tests page as well as in our FAQs. We also recommend you visit our helpsheet on coping with your diagnosis on an emotional level. The Resolve organization offer excellent support groups that connect women suffering from this particular issue. It is a great place to meet locally and share feelings and coping strategies with like-minded women. Hot Flash

es Most people have heard of hot flashes and recognize them as the trademark symptom of menopause. About 75 to 85% of American women are estimated to get hot flashes when they’re in menopause ( source ). And where premature menopause is concerned, hot flashes tend to be even more prevalent.

— Must Read: Essential Natural Products For Beating Hot Flashes And Other Early Menopause Symptoms —Many studies indicate that if you go through natural menopause before age 52, you have an increased chance of having hot flashes. It’s even more common for women who have had their ovaries surgically removed — about 80 to 90% of these women typically get hot flashes. Hot flashes usually start with a hot, prickly feeling in the middle of your back. A heat wave then rises to envelop your back, chest, neck, face and scalp. Your skin temperature can rise up to 8 degrees. Often if you touch your skin, it actually feels hot as though you’ve been out in the sun. Your pulse shoots up and you start sweating as your body tries to cool itself down. Sometimes you get a flush — your face, neck and chest turn pink or even deep red. And very often, you suddenly shift from feeling incredibly hot and sweaty to feeling very chilled, even shivering. You may also get the nighttime version of hot flashes, night sweats. How To Cope The good news about hot flashes is that they can be controlled — by hormone replacement therapy (HRT), and also to varying degrees by herbs, vitamins, natural supplements and other alternative methods. But there are other small things you can do to help deal with these so-called “power surges”. Try to reduce stress Watch what you wear — choose natural fibers, layered and loose-fitting clothing Exercise Cut back on caffeine, alcohol and spicy foods Stay cool at night — keep cold water by your bed ready to drink at the first sign of a sweat Also use cotton sheets and cotton nightclothes — I found men’s t-shirts to be the best — cool and absorbent!As with your clothing, sleep under layers — this way you can kick off extra bed covers and replace them when the chills start Splash cold water on your face or wrists when a hot flash starts Vaginal Dryness and Atrophy When your estrogen levels drop, your vaginal tissues start drying and become less elastic. Sex becomes uncomfortable; you may be more prone to infections; your vagina is frequently itchy and easily irritated, and, on the emotional side, you may feel older. Your vagina is usually very elastic, able to easily stretch for sex and childbirth. But as estrogen levels go down, your vaginal walls get thinner and lose some of their elasticity. Your vagina becomes dryer and takes longer to become lubricated. Finally, it may atrophy — becoming somewhat smaller in width and length. If you experience a sudden drop in estrogen (as you do with surgical menopause), these vaginal symptoms might appear more suddenly than if you go through a natural premature menopause. Either way, though, it’s a very unpleasant side effect of going through menopause — and often very emotionally upsetting when you’re in your 20s or 30s. You may find it takes longer and longer to get sexually aroused. Sexual stimulation that you used to enjoy may become unpleasant. Intercourse can be very uncomfortable, even painful. In a worst case scenario, your vagina may even tear during intercourse. All in all, sex may become less and less pleasurable — making you feel even worse about being in premature menopause. I remember I began thinking that, at the not-so-ripe age of 38, my days of enjoying sex were over — and was very glad when I learned that I was wrong. That’s the good news where vaginal dryness is concerned: it is one of the most treatable symptoms of menopause — and it’s very often completely reversible. How To Cope When you raise your estrogen levels through hormone replacement therapy (HRT), your vaginal tissues generally improve dramatically. In addition to standard estrogen replacement therapy (by pills or patches) you can also use a vaginally-inserted estrogen cream or an estrogen ring specifically designed to help with vaginal dryness and atrophy. But there are other things you can try as well: Have more sex — it’s one of the simplest (and probably most fun!) ways of combating vaginal dryness. Regular sex helps prevent vaginal dryness Use a lubricant to help with the loss of lubrication — such as Astroglide, Lubrin, or KY Jelly., or a product that enhances vaginal moisture such as Replens Avoid anything that can irritate or dry your vagina — including perfumed bath oil or bubble bath and perfumed toilet papers Also avoid antihistamines and certain decongestants Vitamin E — a capsule (directly inserted in your vagina) often helps with lubrication Also consult our helpsheet on sex and early menopause for further information on this topic. Bladder Control Problems You may have noticed that you have to urinate more frequently or with more urgency, or you may have urinary stress incontinence (little leaks when you exert yourself). Again, this is a function of lower-than-normal estrogen levels. Your bladder and urethra are formed from the same tissues as your vagina when you’re a developing embryo. So, just like your vagina loses muscular tone and elasticity when estrogen production lags, your lower urinary tract does as well. Did you know? This sign of menopause is connected with vaginal dryness and atrophy — and, honestly, it sounds much worse than it is. You’re not going to suddenly have to start wearing Depends!The lining of your urethra becomes thinner, and the surrounding muscles become weaker. As a result, when you place stress on your bladder — through coughing, sneezing, laughing, or strenuous exercising, you many release a tiny bit of urine. And it is usually only a tiny amount, so there’s no need to imagine a real disaster. If you’re experiencing severe urinary incontinence, though, do see a doctor. A small degree of bladder control difficulty is common in the early stages of menopause, but a greater degree of difficulty can be indicative of another problem — one that may require drugs or even surgery. If it’s mild, however, chances are it’s connected with your depleted estrogen. Even so, though, it’s probably wise to check with your doctor to be sure there is no other cause. Frequent urination may be a sign of bladder infection or diabetes, for example. All in all, it’s a good idea just to be sure that what you’re experiencing is just another sign of menopause and not something else. How To Cope Since bladder control problems are often a result of low estrogen levels, taking estrogen generally helps — and may completely reverse any symptoms. But there are other things you can do: Try Kegel exercises — these exercises were designed to help strengthen the muscles around the vagina and bladder opening. An added bonus: since Kegels help your vaginal as well as your bladder muscles, they also can improve your sex life Cut back on caffeine and alcohol — since both make you urinate more frequently Insomnia/Disrupted Sleep If you’re waking up a lot at night, tossing and turning, and generally suffering with insomnia, it might be connected with menopause. When you begin going through menopause, you may find that your sleep is less and less restful — when you sleep at all. In the past, doctors believed that interrupted sleep was a consequence of night sweats, but recent studies indicate that you can also have problems with sleep that aren’t connected to hot flashes. Typically, the frequency of insomnia doubles from the amount you may have had before you entered premature menopause. And research also indicates that women begin to experience restless sleep as many as five to seven years before entering menopause. Again, though, the problem is recognizing that the insomnia you’re suffering from has its roots in changes in your hormone levels. How To Cope As with many of the other symptoms, hormone replacement therapy (HRT) and self-help strategies often work well. In addition, disturbed sleep patterns often level off after a few years. But, of course, you probably don’t want to wait a few years. You may want to try the usual tips for getting better sleep. Among them: Drink herbal tea — beverages like chamomile tea have a calming effect and are best consumed before going to bed Other herbs — natural products such as Valerian are natural sedatives and may offer some help in drifting off Avoid stimulants before bedtime — this includes caffeine, alcohol and other stimulants (like cigarettes)Avoid strenuous exercise close to your bedtime Keep your bedroom cool Also consult our helpsheet on dealing with menopause-induced insomnia for further information on this topic. Palpitations It’s a frightening sensation — one that may happen at the same time as a hot flash or by itself: for no obvious reason, your heart suddenly starts pounding, racing faster and faster. You can be sitting calmly, or lying in bed just before going to sleep and it comes out of nowhere. Sometimes it makes you so nervous, it can blow up in to a full-fledged panic attack. And if you don’t know that you’re going through premature menopause and that palpitations are often a sign of menopause, you can think there’s something seriously wrong with you. But palpitations are another not-so-fun sign of menopause — and one that many women experience. Do keep in mind though: they may signal something else though — such as hyperthyroidism or mitral valve prolapse — so don’t automatically write off palpitations as a sign of premature menopause. Talk to your doctor to rule out any other, possibly more serious, conditions. If you get a clean bill of health, there’s a good chance that the palpitations are connected with your premature menopause.

This is one of those symptoms, though, that some doctors don’t associate with menopause, so don’t be surprised if your doctor tells you that it must be stress (that catch-all condition) causing your heart troubles. If you’ve had palpitations in the past, they may get worse when you begin going through menopause.

How To Cope The best thing to do is probably the hardest thing to do — remind yourself this will pass and try calming strategies like deep breathing to settle yourself In general, try to keep stress at a minimum Try relaxation techniques when palpitations hit — such as guided imagery and meditation If you smoke, consider quitting — cigarettes can make palpitations worse Limit the amounts of alcohol and caffeine you consume Weight Gain Weight gain (specifically a thickening in your middle) is another sign of changing hormones. While a number of books and doctors claim that menopause has nothing to do with weight gain — that weight gain occurs in menopausal women because they’re older and their metabolism is slowing down — other studies indicate that hormone levels are tied to weight gain and redistribution of fat. This makes sense since, when you’re going through premature menopause, you’re not middle-aged — so what you’re getting isn’t a typical middle-aged ‘spread’. It’s menopause spread, for lack of a better term. According to some studies, this occurs for several reasons: first, your progesterone levels are decreasing — and progesterone increases your metabolic rate. So with lower progesterone levels, you have a slower metabolic rate. Second, estrogen is produced and stored in fat cells. So as your estrogen levels drop, your body is trying to increase its estrogen by upping its fat cells. Finally, with a drop in female hormones, your body starts mimicking male fat distribution — an apple shape rather than a pear. In other words, you put more weight on in your abdomen than in the past. This accounts for the mysterious loss of definition around your waistline. Weight gain and redistribution of fat is one of those signs of premature menopause that is very easy to overlook. Since it happens over a period of time, you might not notice your body shape changing. But if you haven’t changed your eating or exercise habits and you’ve been noticing a new fatter you — chances are it’s related to your hormones.— Try Now: Essential Natural Products For Beating Weight Gain And Other Early Menopause Symptoms —How To Cope Yet again, you may notice an improvement if you opt for hormone replacement therapy (HRT) or alternative dietary supplements shown to alleviate symptoms. In addition, changes in diet and exercise can help rev up your body’s metabolic rate. Also consult our helpsheet on menopausal weight gain for further information on this topic. Changes in your Skin: Wrinkling and Loss of Muscle Tone When your estrogen levels drop, your collagen production usually slows down as well. And, as you’ve probably heard, collagen has a role in keeping our skin toned, fresh-looking and resilient. So when you start running low on collagen, it shows in your skin. It gets thinner, drier, flakier and less youthful-looking. This is another of those symptoms of menopause that makes you feel older before your time — and, in this case, it’s clear why. You may look a little older than you used to. Worst, this sign often shows up early in menopause. Like bone loss, which occurs rapidly in the first few years of menopause, collagen loss is most rapid at the beginning of menopause as well. According to studies, premature menopause leads to more rapid bone loss than menopause that occurs at the normal age — so it’s possible that premature menopause also leads to more rapid collagen loss. The bottom line is, well, more lines on your face… and before you expected them. How To Cope Since this change in your skin occurs because of low estrogen levels, when you increase your estrogen levels (either through HRT or phytoestrogens like soy or flaxseed), you are likely to see an improvement. Other than this though, there isn’t a lot you can do. Using moisturizers helps somewhat by temporarily plumping up the top layer of skin, but the effect is short-lived. And regardless of advertising claims about “collagen-enriched” creams, and so forth, remember that to really work on your skin, collagen must come from within, not be applied or “boosted” from the exterior. Headach

These headaches, sometimes called “menstrual migraines” occur when estrogen levels plunge during the menstrual cycle. So, when your body begins slowing down its production of estrogen due to premature menopause, you may wind up getting one of these hormonally-induced headaches. This also can happen when your progesterone levels are too high in relation to your estrogen levels — a common hormone scenario for women at the beginning of menopause. Generally, these headaches diminish once your hormone levels stabilize. How To Cope If your headaches are caused by low estrogen, it follows that taking estrogen may take care of them. But, if you suffer from migraines, hormone replacement therapy (HRT) may actually increase your symptoms. This may seem counter-intuitive given the explanation earlier, but studies have shown that HRT has a “variable effect” on migraines ( source) — in others words it may improve, worsen or not have any effect at all on your situation. Frustratingly ambiguous, I know, but how you go about resolving menopause-related migraines is likely to be a highly individual decision and based on your personal response to treatment. Try standard over-the-counter remedies — anti-inflammatory medications like aspirin or ibuprofen Certain herbs may help — feverfew has the backing of both scientific and anecdotal reports in relation to migraine. Several woman have reported benefits and recent studies indicate that feverfew is safe and effective for migraines and other headaches ( source ). However, as with any herbal or medicinal remedy, it is wise to check with a doctor before using. In the case of feverfew, be sure to look for products that guarantee at least 0.2 percent of “parthenolide” (the active ingredient) on their label Visit your doctor — if the headaches are crippling, talk to your doctor about taking a prescription anti-migraine medication. If you are getting very bad migraines, your only course of action may be taking prescription drugs that specifically help with these intense headaches. Discuss this with your doctor to see if you could benefit from such medication Other Physical Signs You May Notice The following symptoms are less obvious and less common, but still are often signs of premature menopause: Breast Tenderness Similar to the feeling you get just before your period, your breasts may feel swollen and tender to the touch. This can last for days or weeks — and unlike the normal breast tenderness from PMS, getting your period often doesn’t help relieve this discomfort. Gastrointestinal Distress and Nausea Gas, indigestion, heartburn and a green feeling that comes and goes — and often seems to have no relation to what you’ve eaten. Tingling or Itchy Skin This may feel like the “creepy-crawlies” as if bugs were walking all over you, a burning sensation like an insect sting, or just a heightened sensitivity. Hair Loss or Thinning This is connected to estrogen deficiency and the effect its scarcity has on the hair follicles. Some women notice this before any other sign because it is so obvious — you may have noticed hair in your brush and you may sense your hair getting drier and more brittle. Likewise you may notice a thinning or loss of pubic hair. Dry Mouth and Other Oral Symptoms This may be caused by drying of the mucous membranes due to low estrogen; and it may bring about a bitter taste in your mouth and bad breath. You also may notice drying in your eyes and nostrils. Bloatedness A puffy bloated feeling that seems to come out of nowhere; usually you’ll notice bouts of this — you’ll be fine for a while, then bloated, then okay again. Unlike PMS bloating, this bloating often doesn’t diminish after a period. Dizziness / Lightheadedness This sometimes comes with hot flashes, and sometimes occurs for no apparent reason. It may be caused by a higher progesterone level in relation to your estrogen level. ""Buzzing"" in your head An electrical feeling that zaps through your head, and often occurs with hot flashes. You may also feel this shock sensation under your skin. Increase in Facial Hair On the flip side to the above (hair loss), you may notice hair growth on your chin, upper lip, abdomen or chest. This hair is often coarser or darker, as well, and happens when your estrogen levels decrease — and your male hormones have a greater effect. It may also happen in reaction to high levels of luteinizing hormone (LH). Sore Joints / Muscles Similar in feeling to flu symptoms or arthritis, this is often connected to estrogen deficiency. Changes in Body Odor This page goes into depth regarding the main physical symptoms of premature menopause. However, for more information on coping with the emotional side of an early menopause diagnosis you may wish to consult our special topics and our guide on coping emotionally. Sharing is caring!Facebook Twitter Google+Related Helpsheets: Fighting Osteoporosis I went through menopause age 29, and it changed wh... Premature Ovarian Failure (POF)What Does The Science Say About Natural Remedies? "