when does switch get released

e. The next Nintendo console will launch globally on March 3, 2017 for $299.99 in North America By Marty Sliva Nintendo Switch will launch globally on March 3, 2017 for $299.99 USD ($469.95 AUD, £279.99 GBP, ¥29,980 JPY). This announcement came during Nintendo’s Switch Presentation. It will come with the console, L and R Joy-Con, Joy-Con wrist straps, Joy-Con grip, the Nintendo Switch dock, HDMI cable, and an AC adapter.

pause volume Muted i Error 4: Media source is incompatible with player or browser. Every Day Next IGN News/ 12 Jan 2017Nintendo Switch Price and Release Date Revealed Shar

The Pro Controller will be available separately. In addition, one model with come with grey controllers, and another model with one neon red and one neon blue. Both versions will be the same suggested retail price. For context, Play Station 4 currently starts at $299, Play Station 4 Pro starts at $399, and Xbox One starts at $249. Nintendo Switch Price and Release Date Announcement sharei Error 4: Media source is incompatible with player or browser.0:55Nintendo’s Wii U launched back in November 2012, with two separate SKUs that cost $299 and $349 respectively. Likewise, the Nintendo 3DS launched back in early 2011 for $249. For a full look at how Switch’s price stacks up historically, take a look at our feature comparing what consoles cost at launch over the past 35 years. Nintendo NX was officially revealed as Nintendo Switch during a video released back in October. For more on the upcoming console, check out our list of every Switch game confirmed so far. Nintendo Switch Nintendo Switch Pre Order Guide for Consoles and Games Zelda, Bokoblin Amiibo Announced, Breath of the Wild Set Gets Release Date Fast RMX Announced for Nintendo Switch NBA 2K18 Confirmed for Nintendo Switch The Legend of Zelda: Breath of the Wild Special, Master Editions Announced Just Dance 2017 Coming to Nintendo Switch at Launch Marty Sliva is a Senior Editor at IGN. He once ate a whole blueberry. Follow him on Twitter @Mc Biggitty. IN THIS ARTICLENintendo Switch Releases March 3, 2017 Switch Wiki Guide Nintendo Switch Nintendo Switch Games Nintendo Switch Launch Titles,Nintendo Switch e Shop Titles,How to Play Games from Other Regions,Nintendo Switch How-To Guides How to Transfer Your User And Save Data, How to Enable Two-Factor Authorization on Nintendo Online Accounts, How to Hook Up Surround Sound and Set Up Home Theaters, How to Expand Your Storage with Compatible SD Cards, How to Charge Switch with a Mobile Battery Charger, How to Replace or Upgrade Your Battery,Nintendo Switch Controllers Joy-Con Controllers, Nintendo Switch Pro Controller,26 Pages IGN Recommends Netflix's First Match Review Far Cry 5 - Final Review Daily Deals: Save Big on a Stacked Alienware Laptop, Your Name Blu-ray on Sale Ask Undead Labs Anything About State of Decay 2Taylor Swift Episode Reportedly 'Last Straw' for Canceled Deadpool Series Ready Player One: Every Easter Egg We Could Find Last Jedi: You'd Be Surprised These Scenes Weren't CGIThe Conjuring Universe Explained Have fun. Feel free to criticize ideas, not people. Report bad behavior. Read our community guidelines. Post Viewing Options All Comments 5comichero1586 days ago Domino looks like some kind of a joke character. If I saw that chi at a Comic-Con I would have no idea who she was dressed up as. Like 1Reply Share Reportredkick6 days ago The early 2000's X-Force was a piece of shit!!! I grew up with the original early 90s X-Force that was a great comic at the time. Like Reply Share Report Kung-Fu_Blunt6 days ago It’d be cool if they could land the uncanny xforce roster with wolverine, x-23, domino, archangel, fantomex and dp. But whatever they can get a hold of in this r rated Deadpool series is gonna be cool. Like Reply Share Report Praydathor1 week agowarpath is the one in gifted no? Like 1Reply Share Report Blazed Shinobi1 week ago So diverse : SLike 1Reply Share Report


how long does it take to get pmi applications approvals

am? Candidates must complete an application. Candidates are encouraged to apply online at pmi.org. Once started, the application may not be cancelled but may be saved unfinished. It will remain open for 90 days.8. How long does it take for PMI to process the application? Online applications are typically processed within five business days.

CAPM Certification FAQs

Here are CAPM Certification FAQs below to help you get started: What is the CAPM Certification Examination? What are the education or work experience requirements needed? What is the cost of the exam? How many hours of study time are necessary to pass the exam? What study materials are needed to prepare for the exam? How many questions are asked in the CAPM Exam? How can candidates apply to sit for the exam? How long does it take for PMI to process the exam application? How do candidates schedule time to sit for the exam? What if a candidate has to cancel after scheduling the exam? What if candidates do not pass the exam? What if I need to retake the CAPM Certification Preparation class? What is the cost to retake the exam? What is the 100% CAPM Certification Exam Pass Guarantee?1. What is the CAPM Certification Examination? The CAPM examination is comprised of 150 mutually-exclusive, four-option, multiple-choice questions. The exam is designed to test for an understanding of how to apply project management practices to achieve project objectives.2. What are the education or work experience requirements needed? Candidates must complete the verification section of the online application to apply to take the CAPM Exam. There are two sets of experience requirements. Secondary degree (high school diploma, associate’s degree or the global equivalent)And1,500 hours of project experience Or23 hours of project management education completed by the time you sit for the exam3. What is the cost of the CAPM exam? Cost for PMI members is $225. Cost for nonmembers is $300. The cost for PMI membership is $129/year, plus a $10 application fee. Membership in a local PMI chapter is an additional fee which varies by chapter. Check the PMI website, www.pmi.org , for the chapter fees.4. How many hours of study time are necessary to pass the exam? The exact amount of time varies depending on individual learning styles and comfort level. Generally students should expect to spend around 20-40 hours studying in addition to the time spent in the classroom.5. What study materials are needed to prepare for the exam? We provide complete course materials to our CAPM Certification Preparation students. Besides hundreds of pages of useful information, study aids, and references, students in our classes also receive a 90-day subscription to our online simulation of the CAPM exam with over 500 practice test questions. Students are encouragedto purchase the current edition of A Guide to the Project Management Body of Knowledge®, available at the PMI Bookstore or other retailers. PMI Members have access to a free e-copy of the PMBOK® Guide online that may be downloaded and printed. (Note that the entire document is over 600 pages. )Sample exam questions and suggested reading are also available on the PMI web site.6. How many questions are asked in the CAPM exam? The CAPM examination is comprised of 150 mutually-exclusive, four-option, multiple-choice questions.7. How can candidates apply to sit for the ex

Individual applications submitted by mail take approximately 10 business days. Corporate applications submitted by mail take 20 business days. Once the application and fee have been processed, PMI will electronically send the Examination Scheduling Instructions, confirming that the applicant is eligible to take the exam. Eligibility is good for one year from the day that the application was approved. The exam may be taken three times within the eligibility period should applicants not pass on the first attempt.11. How do candidates schedule time to sit for the exam? Once eligible to take the exam, the examination scheduling instructions received from PMI will instruct the applicant to contact Prometric at www.prometric.com to select a date and location for taking the exam. The PMP exam is a computer-based exam and may be scheduled by applicants at any time available at any of the Prometric sites. Information about site locations and scheduling may be found at Prometric’s website. Select the “Professional Licensure and Certification” for test type and “Project Management Institute” for testing program.12. What if a candidate has to cancel after scheduling the exam? You may reschedule or cancel your exam if done at least two full days prior to your exam date. However, canceling or rescheduling the exam within 30 days of a scheduled exam date will incur a rescheduling fee. Be sure to confirm the cancellation/rescheduling guidelines with Prometric when scheduling the exam.13. What if candidates do not pass the exam? Candidates who do not pass the exam may retake the exam two more times for a total of three times within one year of application approval. If candidates are not able to pass the CAPM certification exam within their one-year eligibility period, they must wait one year from the date of the last attempt to reapply for the CAPM credential. Applicants who chose to apply for a different PMI credential, such as the PMI-ACP, may do so at any time.14. What if I need to retake the CAPM Certification Preparation class? We are committed to helping you pass the CAPM Certification exam the first time. If you take one of our public CAPM Certification Prep classes and don’t pass the exam, or if you were unable to take the exam after attending a class for some reason and need to retake the class as a refresher, you may register for an upcoming public CAPM Certification Prep class free of charge. If you wish to take the class again because you did not pas the exam, we will first review your exam resuts and tr to determine if tutoring is a better option for you. Students retaking the class must bring their original course materials. If you have lost your course materials, or if the course version has changed since you last took the class, you can purchase new course materials for only $150.15. What is the cost to retake the exam? Cost for PMI members, $150. Cost for nonmembers, $200.16. What is the 100% Guarantee To Pass? If you follow our instructions, and attend all days of class, We Guarantee you will pass your exam. Simple, straightforward, no hoops to jump through. If you fail the exam 3 times, we will refund your tuition.


types of metal plating

It is also a popular plating metal for electronics components such as printed-circuit boards. High-plating efficiency and low material cost make copper one of the less expensive metals to plate with. There are three types of copper plating processes—alkaline, mildly alkaline and acid.

How Metal Plating Works

How Metal Plating Works Metal plating provides many benefits to products made from metal and other materials. Plating is a manufacturing process in which a thin layer of metal coats a substrate. This can be achieved through electroplating, which requires an electric current, or through electroless plating, which is in autocatalytic chemical process. In either case, the technique results in one or several of the following benefits: Improved corrosion resistance Decorative appeal Increased solderability Enhanced strength Reduced friction Altered conductivity Enhanced paint adhesion Increased magnetism Chrome Plating Chromium plating often serves a merely decorative purpose, but canalso foster heightened corrosion andfriction resistance. Chromium most often plates nickel in the production of furniture and automotive trim products. Iron and steel are other common substrates of chrome plating, but usually require the use of a copper strike to provide proper deposition. Chrome plating is an electroplating process that most often involves the use of a chromic acid known as hexavelent chromium. Trivalent chromium baths, which consist largely of chromium sulfate or chromium chloride, are another option for industrial purposes. Gold Plating Gold is prized for its high resistance to oxidation and electrical conductivity. Gold plating, which differs from gilding in that the gold is not a foil, is one of the simplest ways to impart these characteristics on metals such as copper and silver. The process is often used for jewelry decoration and for improving conductivity of electronics parts such as electrical connectors. When gold plating copper, tarnishing is an issue and can most easily be resolved by preceding deposition with a nickel strike. Also consider hardness and purity of the gold when determining factors such as optimal bath mixture and length of immersion. Silver Plating Like gold, silver is used in plating applications that call for decorative appeal and improved electrical conductivity. In general, silver serves as a more cost-effective plating solution because it is cheaper than gold and plates copper well. Issues that may limit silver plating as a viable plating solution include humidity and galvanic corrosion. Specifically, silver plating does not work well for applications that are subjected to high humidity because silver is prone to cracking and flaking, which may eventually expose the base substrate. Nickel Plating Nickel plating is a popular plating metal, especially because it’s useful in electroless plating. Nickel plating often coats household products such as doorknobs, cutlery and shower fixtures for enhanced decoration and wear resistance. Nickel plates commonly bond with copper and aluminum, but also work on a wide variety of metals. In electroless plating, a nickel phosphorous alloy is used. The percentage of phosphorous in the solution can vary between two and 14 percent. Higher levels of phosphorous enhance hardness and corrosion resistance. Lower levels of phosphorous allow higher solderability and magnetism. Copper Plating Copper is another popular plating metal for applications that require high conductivity and cost efficiency. Copper plating often serves as a strike coating pretreatment for subsequent metal platings.

Higher alkaline levels deliver superior throwing power, but require lower current densities and enhanced safety precautions. Health inspectors have linked cyanide in alkaline copper baths to certain health hazards, so it’s important to monitor these leve

ls. Rhodium Plating Rhodium is a type of platinum that provides tarnish resistance, scratch-resistance and a shiny, white lustrous appearance. Rhodium plating is also common in jewelry production, especially in situations where white gold requires plating. Silver, platinum and copper are also popular base metals for rhodium plating.

One downside of rhodium plating is that the protective barrier of rhodium will eventually wear away in applications that are subjected to high levels of wear. This can eventually lead to discoloration, and will likely require a second round of plating after a few years. Zinc Plating Zinc plating is commonplace in the automotive industry. Zinc deposition resists oxidation and corrosion well, and, as such, vehicle bodies are traditionally zinc plated, as are nails and other metallic products that are prone to rusting. Zinc plating is often associated with the galvanizing process. In fact, electroplating of zinc is often called electro-galvanization. Cadmium Plating Cadmium plating improves paint adhesion, lubricity and corrosion resistance. A major benefit of cadmium over other plating metals is that adequate wear protection can often be achieved with minimal plating thickness. Major industries that use cadmium plating include the aerospace and military defense industries. Cadmium can be effectively plated on nearly all conductive metals. Tin Plating Tin can be effective for applications that require non-toxicity, high ductility, good solderability and improved resistance to corrosion. These advantages are most helpful in the electronics industry and food processing industry. Tin plating is commonly used on non-ferrous metals such as copper and nickel. Many ferrous metals can also be tin-plated. Tin plating results in products that vary from matte gray to bright white, depending on the process used. The two types of tin plating are electrodeposition and hot dipping. Alloys such as brass or copper are often added to improve solderability or achieve a desired visual effect.

How Metal Plating Works


what is lavf

libavcodec is a library containing all of the native FFmpeg audio/video encoders and decoders. Most codecs were developed from scratch to ensure best performance and high code reusability.libavformat (Lavf) [6] is a library containing demuxers and muxers for audio/video container formats.

FFmpeg

"FFmpeg From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Redirected from Lavf)navigation search FFmpeg FFmpeg running on Microsoft Windows Original author (s) Fabrice Bellard Developer (s) FFmpeg team Initial release December 20, 2000; 17 years ago [1]Stable release 3.4.2 (February 12, 2018; 53 days ago [2]) [±]Preview release Git [±]Repository git .ffmpeg .org /ffmpeg .git Development status Active Written in C and Assembly [3]Operating system Windows, mac OS, and Linux; may be compiled for other OSes. [4]Platform x86, ARM, Power PC, MIPS, DEC Alpha, Blackfin, AVR32, SH-4, and SPARC; may be compiled for other desktop computers Type Multimedia framework License LGPL 2.1+, GPL 2 + Unredistributable if compiled with NVIDIA Performance Primitives [5]Website ffmpeg .org FFmpeg is a free software project that produces libraries and programs for handling multimedia data. FFmpeg includes libavcodec, an audio/video codec library used by several other projects, libavformat (Lavf), [6] an audio/video container mux and demux library, and the ffmpegcommand line program for transcoding multimedia files. FFmpeg is published under the GNU Lesser General Public License 2.1+ or GNU General Public License 2+ (depending on which options are enabled). [7]The name of the project is inspired by the MPEG video standards group, together with ""FF"" for ""fast forward"". [8] The logo uses a zigzag pattern that shows how MPEG video codecs handle entropy encoding. [9]Contents [ hide ]1 History1.1 Codec history2 Components2.1 Command line tools2.2 Libraries3 Supported hardware3.1 CPUs3.2 Special purpose hardware3.3 Use with the FFmpeg Utility4 Supported codecs and formats4.1 Image formats4.2 Supported formats4.3 Muxers4.4 Pixel formats5 Supported protocols5.1 Open standards5.2 De facto standards5.3 Open-source5.4 Proprietary6 Supported filters6.1 Audio6.2 Video7 Legal aspects8 FFmtech Foundation9 Projects using FFmpeg10 Forks10.1 Libav11 See also12 References13 External links History [ edit]The project was started by Fabrice Bellard [7] (using the pseudonym ""Gérard Lantau"") in 2000, and was led by Michael Niedermayer from 2004 until 2015. [10] Some FFmpeg developers were also part of the MPlayer project. On January 10, 2014, two Google employees announced that over 1000 bugs had been fixed in FFmpeg during the previous two years by means of fuzz testing. [11]In January 2018, the ffserver command-line program – a long-time component of FFmpeg – was removed. [12] The developers had previously deprecated the program citing high maintenance efforts due to its use of internal APIs. [13]The project publishes a new release every three months on average. While release versions are available from the website for download, FFmpeg developers recommend that users compile the software from source using the latest build from their source code Git version control system. [14]Codec history [ edit]Two video coding formats with corresponding codecs and one container format have been created within the FFmpeg project so far. The two video codecs are the lossless FFV1, and the lossless and lossy Snow codec. Development of Snow has stalled, while its bit-stream format has not been finalized yet, making it experimental since 2011. The multimedia container format called NUT is no longer being actively developed, but still maintained. [15]In summer 2010, Fiona Glaser, Ronald Bultje, and David Conrad of the FFmpeg Team announced the ffvp8 decoder. Through testing, they determined that ffvp8 was faster than Google's own libvpx decoder. [16] [17] Starting with version 0.6, FFmpeg also supported Web M and VP8. [18]In October 2013, a native VP9 [19] and the Open HEVC decoder, an open source High Efficiency Video Coding (HEVC) decoder, were added to FFmpeg. [20] In 2016 the native AAC encoder was considered stable, removing support for the two external AAC encoders from Visual On and FAAC. FFmpeg 3.0 (nicknamed ""Einstein"" ) retained build support for the Fraunhofer FDK AAC encoder. [21]Components [ edit]Command line tools [ edit]ffmpeg is a command-line tool that converts audio or video formats. It can also capture and encode in real-time from various hardware and software sources such as a TV capture card.ffplay is a simple media player utilizing SDL and the FFmpeg libraries.ffprobe is a command-line tool to display media information (text, CSV, XML, JSON ), see also Mediainfo. Libraries [ edit]libswresample is a library containing audio resampling routines.libavresample is a library containing audio resampling routines from the Libav project, similar to libswresample from ffmpeg.

libavutil is a helper library containing routines common to different parts of FFmpeg. This library includes hash functions ( Adler-32, CRC, MD5, RIPEMD, SHA-1. SHA-2, Murmur Hash 3, HMAC MD-5, HMAC SHA-1 and HMAC SHA-2), ciphers ( DES, RC4, AES, AES-CTR, TEA, XTEA, Blowfish, CAST-128, Twofish and Camellia ), LZO decompressor and Base64 encoder/decoder.libpostproc is a library containing older h263 based video postprocessing routines.libswscale is a library containing video image scaling and colorspace /pixelformat conversion routines.libavfilter is the substitute for vhook which allows the video/audio to be modified or examined between the decoder and the encoder. Filters have been ported from many projects including MPlayer and avisynth Supported hardware [ edit]CPUs [ edit]FFmpeg encompasses software implementations of video and audio compressing and decompressing algorithms. These can be compiled and run on diverse instruction sets. Many widespread instruction sets are supported by FFmpeg, including x86 ( IA-32 and x86-64 ), PPC ( Power PC ), ARM, DEC Alpha, SPARC, and MIPS. [22]Special purpose hardware [ edit]Various application-specific integrated circuit related to video and audio compression and decompression do exist. Such ASIC can perform the computation for audio/video decompression or compression partly or fully to offload these from the host CPU. To make use of such ASIC, instead of a complete implementation of some algorithm, only the API is required. There are numerous ASICs and APIs available, of which several are supported by FFmpeg. [23]Firm ASIC purpose supported by FFmpeg Details AMD UVD decoding ✓ via VDPAU API and VAAPIVCE encoding ✓ via VAAPI, considered experimental [24]Amlogic Amlogic Video Engine decoding? Broadcom Crystal HD decoding ✓Intel Intel Clear Video decoding ✓Intel Quick Sync Video encoding/decoding ✓Nvidia Pure Video / NVDECdecoding ✓ via the VDPAU API as of FFmpeg v1.2 (deprecated) via CUVID API as of FFmpeg v3.1 [25]NVENC encoding ✓ as of FFmpeg v2.6Use with the FFmpeg Utility [ edit]Internal hardware acceleration decoding is enabled through -hwaccel option. It starts decoding normally, but if a decodable stream is detected in hardware then the decoder designates all significant processing to that hardware, thus accelerate the decoding process up to the hilt. Whereas if there is no decodable streams (it happens on an unsupported codec or profile), hardware acceleration will be skipped and it still be decoded in software automatically. -hwaccel_device option is applied when the hardware requires a particular device to function especially there are several graphic cards are available. Supported codecs and formats [ edit]Image formats [ edit]FFmpeg supports many common and some uncommon image formats. The PGMYUV image format is a homebrewn variant of the binary (P5) PGM Netpbm format. FFmpeg also supports 16-bit depths of the PGM and PPM formats, and the binary (P7) PAM format with or without alpha channel, depth 8 bit or 16 bit for pix_fmts monob, gray, gray16be, rgb24, rgb48be, ya8, rgba, rgb64be. Supported formats [ edit]Further information: libavcodec In addition to FFV1 and Snow formats, which were created and developed from within FFmpeg, the project also supports the following formats: Group Format type Format name ISO / IEC / ITU-TVideo MPEG-1 Part 2, H.261 (Px64), [26] H.262/MPEG-2 Part 2, H.263, [26] MPEG-4 Part 2, H.264/MPEG-4 AVC, HEVC/H.265 [20] (MPEG-H Part 2), Motion JPEG, IEC DV video and CD+GAudio MP1, MP2, MP3, AAC, HE-AAC, MPEG-4 ALS, G.711 µ-law, G.711 A-law, G.721 (a.k.a. G.726 32k), G.722, G.722.2 (a.k.a. AMR-WB), G.723 (a.k.a. G.726 24k and 40k), G.723.1, G.726, G.729, G.729D, IEC DV audio and Direct Stream Transfer Subtitle MPEG-4 Timed Text (a.k.a. 3GPP Timed Text)Image JPEG, JPEG-LS, JPEG 2000, PNG, CCITT G3 and CCITT G4EIA Subtitle EIA-608CEA Subtitle CEA-708SMPTEVideo SMPTE 314M (a.k.a. DVCAM and DVCPRO ), SMPTE 370M (a.k.a. DVCPRO HD ), VC-1 (a.k.a. WMV3), VC-2 (a.k.a. Dirac Pro), VC-3 (a.k.a. AVID DNx HD)Audio SMPTE 302MImage DPXATSC / ETSI / DVBAudio Full Rate (GSM 06.10), AC-3 ( Dolby Digital ), Enhanced AC-3 ( Dolby Digital Plus) and DTS Coherent Acoustics (a.k.a. DTS or DCA)Subtitle DVB Subtitling (ETSI 300 743)DVD Forum / Dolby Audio MLP / Dolby True HDSubtitle DVD-Video subtitles DTS, Inc / QDesign Audio DTS Coherent Acoustics (a.k.a. DTS or DCA), DTS Extended Surround (a.k.a. DTS-ES), DTS 96/24, DTS-HD High Resolution Audio, DTS Express (a.k.a. DTS-HD LBR), DTS-HD Master Audio, QDesign Music Codec 1 and 2Blu-ray Disc Association Subtitle PGS (Presentation Graphics Stream)3GPP Audio AMR-NB, AMR-WB (a.k.a. G.722.2)3GPP2Audio QCELP -8 (a.k.a. Smart Rate or IS-96C), QCELP-13 (a.k.a. Pure Voice or IS-733) and Enhanced Variable Rate Codec (EVRC. a.k.a. IS-127)World Wide Web Consortium Video Animated GIFSubtitle Web VTTImage GIFIETF Audio i LBC (via libilbc), Opus and Comfort noise International Voice Association Audio DSS-SPSAC Video AVS video Microsoft Video Microsoft RLE, Microsoft Video 1, Cinepak, Indeo (v2, v3 and v5), [26] Microsoft MPEG-4 v1, v2 and v3, Windows Media Video (WMV1, WMV2, WMV3/ VC-1 ), WMV Screen and Mimic codec Audio Windows Media Audio (WMA1, WMA2, WMA Pro and WMA Lossless), XMA (XMA1 and XMA2), MS-GSM and MS-ADPCMSubtitle SAMIImage Windows Bitmap, WMV Image (WMV9 Image and WMV9 Image v2) and Direct Draw Surface Interactive Multimedia Association Audio IMA ADPCMDigital Video Interactive Video RTV 2.1 (Intel Indeo 2)Audio DVI4 audio codec Real Networks Video Real Video Fractal Codec (a.k.a. Iterated Systems Clear Video), 1, 2, 3 and 4Audio Real Audio v1 – v10Subtitle Real Text Apple Video Cinepak (Apple Compact Video), Pro Res, Sorenson 3 Codec, Quick Time Animation (Apple Animation), Quick Time Graphics (Apple Graphics), Apple Video, Apple Intermediate Codec and Pixlet Audio ALACAdobe Flash Player (SWF) Video Screen video, Screen video 2, Sorenson Spark and VP6Audio Adobe SWF ADPCM and Nellymoser Asao Aldus / Adobe Image TIFF and PSDXiph. Org Video Theora Audio Speex (via libspeex ), Vorbis, Opus and FLACSubtitle Ogg Writ Sony Audio Adaptive Transform Acoustic Coding (ATRAC1, ATRAC3 and ATRAC3Plus) [26] [27] and PSX ADPCMNTT Audio Twin VQOn2 / GIPS / Google Video Duck True Motion 1, Duck True Motion 2, Duck True Motion 2.0 Real Time, VP3, VP5, [26] VP6, [26]VP7, VP8, VP9 [19] and animated Web PAudio DK ADPCM Audio 3/4, On2 AVC and i LBC (via libilbc)Image Web PRAD Game Tools Video Smacker video and Bink video DSP Group Audio Truespeech Render Ware Video TXD [28]Netpbm Image PBM, PGM, PPM, PNM and PAMMIT/X Consortium/ The Open Group Image XBM, XPM and xwd Silicon Graphics Video Silicon Graphics RLE 8-bit video, Silicon Graphics MVC1/2Image Silicon Graphics Image Oracle / Sun Microsystems Image Sun Raster IBM Video IBM Ulti Motion Avid Technology / Truevision Video Avid 1:1x, Avid Meridien, Avid DNx HD and DNx HRImage Targa Autodesk / Alias Video Autodesk Animator Studio Codec and FLICImage Alias PIXGrass Valley / Canopus Video HQ, HQA, HQX and Lossless New Tek Video Speed HQIndustrial Light & Magic / Lucasfilm Image Open EXRMozilla Corporation Video APNGMatrox Video Matrox Uncompressed SD (M101) / HD (M102)AMD / ATI Video ATI VCR1/VCR2Asus Video ASUS V1/V2 codec Spruce Technologies Subtitle Spruce subtitle (STL)Muxers [ edit]Output formats (container formats and other ways of creating output streams) in FFmpeg are called ""muxers"". FFmpeg supports, among others, the following: AIFFASFAVI and also input from Avi Synth BFI [29]CAFFLVGIFGXF, General e Xchange Format, SMPTE 360MHLS, HTTP Live Streaming IFF [30]ISO base media file format (including Quick Time, 3GP and MP4)Matroska (including Web M)Maxis XA [31]MPEG-DASH [32]MPEG program stream MPEG transport stream (including AVCHD)MXF, Material e Xchange Format, SMPTE 377MMSN Webcam stream [33]NUT [15]Ogg OMA [34]RL2 [35]Segment, for creating segmented video streams Smooth Streaming TXD [28]WTVPixel formats [ edit]FFmpeg supports many pixel formats. [36] Some of these formats are only supported as input formats. The command ffmpeg -pix_fmts provides a list of supported pixel formats. Type Color Packed Planar Palette Without alpha With alpha Without alpha With alpha Chroma-interleaved With alpha Monochrome Binary (1-bit monochrome) monoblack, monowhite - - - - -Grayscale8 / 9 / 10 / 12 / 16bpp - - 16 / 32bpp - -RGBRGB 1:2:1 (4-bit color) 4bpp - - - - -RGB 3:3:2 ( 8-bit color) 8bpp - - - - -RGB 5:5:5 ( High color) 16bpp - - - - -RGB 5:6:5 (High color) 16bpp - - - - -RGB/BGR 24 / 48bpp 32 [p 1] / 64bpp - - - 8bit->32bpp GBR [p 2]- - 8 / 9 / 10 / 12 / 14 / 16bpc 8 / 10 / 12 / 16bpc - -RGB Float GBR - - 32bpc 32bpc - -YUVYVU 4:1:0 - - (9bpp (YVU9)) [p 3]- - -YUV 4:1:0 - - 9bpp - - -YUV 4:1:1 8bpc (UYYVYY) - 8bpc - (8bpc (NV11)) -YVU 4:2:0 - - (8bpc (YV12)) [p 3]- 8 (NV21) -YUV 4:2:0 - - 8 [p 4] / 9 / 10 / 12 / 14 / 16bpc 8 / 9 / 10 / 16bpc 8 (NV12) / 10 (P010) / 16bpc (P016) -YVU 4:2:2 - - (8bpc (YV16)) [p 3]- (8bpc (NV61)) -YUV 4:2:2 8bpc (YUYV [p 5] and UYVY) [p 6]- 8 [p 7] / 9 / 10 / 12 / 14 / 16bpc 8 / 9 / 10 / 16bpc 8 (NV16) / 10bpc (NV20 a.k.a. P210) [p 8]-YUV 4:4:0 - - 8 / 10 / 12bpc - - -YVU 4:4:4 - - (8bpc (YV24)) [p 3]- (8bpc (NV42)) -YUV 4:4:4 (10 (Y410) and 16bpc (Y416)) 16bpc [p 9]8 [p 10] / 9 / 10 / 12 / 14 / 16bpc 8 / 9 / 10 / 16bpc (8bpc (NV24)) -XYZ XYZ 4:4:4 [p 11] 12bpc - - - - -Bayer BGGR/RGGB/GBRG/GRBG 8 / 16bpp - - - - -^ RGBx (rgb0) and x BGR (0bgr) are also supported^ used in YUV-centric codecs such like H.264^ a b c d YVU9, YV12, YV16, and YV24 are supported as rawvideo codec in FFmpeg.^ I420 a.k.a. YUV420P^ aka YUY2 in Windows^ Y210 (YUYV 10bpc) is not supported. UYVY 10bpc without a padding is supported as bitpacked codec in FFmpeg. UYVY 10bpc with 2-bits padding is supported as v210 codec in FFmpeg. 16bpc (Y216) is supported as targa_y216 codec in FFmpeg.^ I422 a.k.a. YUV422P^ 16bpc (P216) is not supported^ 8bpc (AYUV) is not supported^ I444 a.k.a. YUV444P^ used in JPEG2000FFmpeg does not support IMC1-IMC4, AI44, CYMK, RGBE, Log RGB and other formats. It also does not yet support ARGB1:5:5:5, 2:10:10:10, or other BMP bitfield formats that are not commonly used. Supported protocols [ edit]Open standards [ edit]IETF RFCs FTPGopher HTTPHTTPSRTPRTSPSCTPSDPSRTPTCPTLSUDPUDP-Lite IETF I-Ds : HLS [37]SFTP (via libssh)Microsoft OSPCIFS/SMB (via libsmbclient)MMS over TCP (MS-MMSP) and MMS over HTTP (MS-WMSP)Pro-MPEG Forum: Pro-MPEG Co P #3 r2 ( it)De facto standards [ edit]RTSPS (RTSP over TLS) [38] [39]Open-source [ edit]Icecast protocol Proprietary [ edit]Adobe RTMP, RTMPT, RTMPE, RTMPTE and RTMPS (can be compiled with the native support or using rtmpdumps librtmp library)Real Media RTSP/ RDTSupported filters [ edit]FFmpeg supports, among others, the following filters. [40]Audio [ edit]Resampling (aresample)Pass/Stop filters Low-pass filter (lowpass)High-pass filter (highpass)All-pass filter (allpass)Butterworth Band-pass filter (bandpass)Butterworth Band-stop filter (bandreject)Arbitrary Finite Impulse Response Filter (afir)Arbitrary Infinite Impulse Response Filter (aiir)Equalizer Peak Equalizer (equalizer)Butterworth/ Chebyshev Type I/Type II Multiband Equalizer (anequalizer)Low Shelving filter (bass)High Shelving filter (treble)FIR equalizer (firequalizer)Biquad filter (biquad)Remove/Add DC offset (dcshift)Expression evaluation Time domain expression evaluation (aeval)Frequency domain expression evaluation (afftfilt)Dynamics Limiter (alimiter)Compressor (acompressor)Dynamic range expander (crystalizer)Side-chain Compressor (sidechaincompress)Compander (compand)Noise gate (agate)Side-chain Noise gate (sidechaingate)Distortion Bitcrusher (acrusher)Emphasis (aemphasis)Amplify/Normalizer Volume (volume)Dynamic Audio Normalizer (dynaudnorm)EBU R128 loudness normalizer (loudnorm)Modulation Sinusoidal Amplitude Modulation (tremolo)Sinusoidal Phase Modulation (vibrato)Phaser (aphaser)Chorus (chorus)Flanger (flanger)Pulsator (apulsator)Echo/Reverb Echo (aecho)Routing/ Panning Stereo widening (stereowiden)Increase channel differences (extrastereo)M/S to L/R (stereotools)Channel mapping (channelmap)Channel splitting (channelsplit)Channel panning (pan)Channel merging (amerge)Channel joining (join)for Headphones Stereo to Binaural (earwax, ported from So X) [41]Bauer Stereo to Binaural (bs2b, via libbs2b)Crossfeed (crossfeed)Multi-channel to Binaural (sofalizer, requires libnetcdf)Delay Delay (adelay)Delay by distance (compensationdelay)Fade Fader (afade)Crossfader (acrossfade)Audio time-scale/pitch modification Time stretching (atempo)Time-stretching and Pitch-shifting (rubberband, via librubberband)Editing Trim (atrim)Silence-padding (apad)Silence remover (silenceremove)Show frame/channel information Show frame information (ashowinfo)Show channel information (astats)Show silence ranges (silencedetect)Show audio volumes (volumedetect)Replay Gain scanner (replaygain)Modify frame/channel information Set output format (aformat)Set number of sample (asetnsamples)Set sampling rate (asetrate)Mixer (amix)Synchronization (asyncts)HDCD data decoder (hdcd)Plugins LADSPA (ladspa)LV2 (lv2)Do nothing (anull)Video [ edit]Transformations Cropping (crop, cropdetect)Fading (fade)Scaling (scale)Padding (pad)Rotation (rotate)Transposition (transpose)Others: Lens correction (lenscorrection)Open CV filtering (ocv)Perspective correction (perspective)Temporal editing Framerate (fps, framerate)Looping (loop)Trimming (trim)Deinterlacing (bwdif, idet, kerndeint, nnedi, yadif, w3fdif)Filtering Blurring (boxblur, gblur, avgblur, sab, smartblur)Convolution filters Convolution (convolution)Edge detection (edgedetect)Sobel Filter (sobel)Prewitt Filter (prewitt)Unsharp masking (unsharp)Denoising (atadenoise, bitplanenoise, dctdnoiz, owdenoise, removegrain)Logo removal (delogo, removelogo)Subtitles ( ASS, subtitles)Alpha channel editing (alphaextract, alphamerge)Keying (chromakey, colorkey, lumakey)Frame detection Black frame detection (blackdetect, blackframe)Thumbnail selection (thumbnail)Frame Blending (blend, tblend, overlay)Video stabilization (vidstabdetect, vidstabtransform)Color and Level adjustments Balance and levels (colorbalance, colorlevels)Channel mixing (colorchannelmixer)Color space (colorspace)Parametric adjustments (curves, eq)Histograms and visualization CIE Scope (ciescope)Vectorscope (vectorscope)Waveform_monitor (waveform)Color_histogram (histogram)Drawing OCRQuality measures SSIM (ssim)PSNR (psnr)Lookup Tableslut, lutrgb, lutyuv, lut2, lut3d, haldclut Legal aspects [ edit]FFmpeg contains more than 100 codecs, [42] most of which use compression techniques of one kind or another. Many such compression techniques may be subject to legal claims relating to software patents. [43] Such claims may be enforceable in countries like the United States which have implemented software patents, but are considered unenforceable or void in member countries of the European Union, for example. [ citation needed]FFmtech Foundation [ edit]In June 2011 an election was organized to establish the board of FFmtech foundation, [44] a non-profit organization dedicated for managing donation funds. It was designed to offer reimbursement for expenses and work done to FFmpeg and Libav. However, according to FFmpeg developer Ronald Bultje, the results have been doubtful. [45]Projects using FFmpeg [ edit]Main category: Software that uses FFmpeg FFmpeg is used by software such as VLC media player, xine, Plex, Kodi, Blender, You Tube, [46] and MPC-HC; [47] it handles video and audio playback in Google Chrome, [47] and Linux version of Firefox. [48] Graphical user interface front-ends for FFmpeg have been developed, including Avanti, [49] XMedia Recode and Multimedia Xpert. Java CV, a Java wrapper for Open CV, includes a supplementary Java wrapper for FFmpeg. [50]FFmpeg is used by ffdshow, LAV Filters, GStreamer FFmpeg plug-in, Perian and Open MAX IL to expand the encoding and decoding capabilities of their respective multimedia platform. Forks [ edit]Libav [ edit]Main article: Libav On March 13, 2011, a group of FFmpeg developers decided to fork the project under the name "" Libav "". [51] [52] [53] The event was related to an issue in project management, in which developers disagreed with the leadership of FFmpeg. [54] [55] [56]See also [ edit]Free and open-source software portal MEncoder, a similar project List of open-source codecs References [ edit]^ ""Initial revision - git.videolan.org/ffmpeg.git/commit"". git.videolan.org. 2000-12-20. Archived from the original on 2013-12-25. Retrieved 2013-05-11.^ ""FFmpeg 3.4.2 ""Cantor "" "". FFmpeg Git. 2018-02-12. Retrieved 2018-02-13.^ ""Developer Documentation"". ffmpeg.org. 2011-12-08. Retrieved 2012-01-04.^ ""Download"". ffmpeg.org. FFmpeg. Retrieved 2012-01-04.^ FFmpeg can be configured to make it proprietary and unredistributable software, because NVIDIA Performance Primitives, an optional external library, is proprietary software and cannot be distributed under the terms of the GPL.^ a b ""FFmpeg: Lavf: I/O and Muxing/Demuxing Library"". ffmpeg.org. Retrieved 21 October 2016.^ a b ""FFmpeg License and Legal Considerations"". ffmpeg.org. Retrieved 2012-01-04.^ Bellard, Fabrice (18 February 2006). ""FFmpeg naming and logo"". FFmpeg developer mailing list. FFmpeg website. Retrieved 24 December 2011.^ Carlsen, Steve (1992-06-03). ""TIFF 6.0 specification"" (PS). Aldus. p. 98. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2004. Retrieved 2016-08-14. Zig-Zag Scan^ Niedermayer, Michael. "" [FFmpeg-devel] FFmpegs future and resigning as leader"". Retrieved 2015-09-22.^ ""FFmpeg and a thousand fixes"". googleblog.com. January 10, 2014. Retrieved 21 October 2016.^ ""ffserver – FFmpeg"". trac.ffmpeg.org. Retrieved 2018-02-03.^ ""ffserver program being dropped"". ffmpeg.org. 2016-07-10. Retrieved 2018-02-03.^ ""ffmpeg.org/download.html#releases"". ffmpeg.org. Retrieved 2015-04-27.^ a b ""NUT"". Multimedia Wiki. 2012. Retrieved 2014-01-03.^ Glaser, Fiona (2010-07-23), Diary Of An x264 Developer: Announcing the world’s fastest VP8 decoder, archived from the original on 2010-09-30, retrieved 2012-01-04^ FFmpeg Announces High-Performance VP8 Decoder, Slashdot, 2010-07-24, retrieved 2012-01-04^ ""FFmpeg Goes Web M, Enabling VP8 for Boxee & Co"". newteevee.com. 2010-06-17. Retrieved 2012-01-04. ...with VLC, Boxee, Myth TV, Handbrake and MPlayer being some of the more popular projects utilizing FFmpeg...^ a b ""Native VP9 decoder is now in the Git master branch"". Launchpad. 2013-10-03. Retrieved 2013-10-21.^ a b ""FFmpeg Now Features Native HEVC/H.265 Decoder Support"". Softpedia. 2013-10-16. Retrieved 2013-10-16.^ FFmpeg (2016-02-15). ""February 15th, 2016, FFmpeg 3.0 ""Einstein "" "". Retrieved 2016-04-02.^ ""FFmpeg Automated Testing Environment"". Fate.multimedia.cx. Retrieved 2012-01-04.^ ""FFmpeg Hardware Acceleration"". ffmpeg.org Wiki. Retrieved 2016-11-12.^ ""Hardware/VAAPI – FFmpeg"". trac.ffmpeg.org. Retrieved 2017-10-16.^ ""FFmpeg Changelog"".^ a b c d e f ""Changelog"". FFmpeg trunk SVN. FFmpeg. 17 April 2007. Retrieved 26 April 2007. [ permanent dead link]^ ""ATRAC3plus decoder - git.videolan.org Git - ffmpeg.git/commit"". git.videolan.org. 2013-12-28. Archived from the original on 2013-12-30. Retrieved 2013-12-28.^ a b ""FFmpeg development mailing list"". FFmpeg development. FFmpeg. 7 May 2007. Archived from the original on 11 August 2007. Retrieved 24 December 2010.^ vitor (13 April 2008). ""FFmpeg development mailing list"". FFmpeg development. FFmpeg website. Retrieved 14 April 2008. [ permanent dead link]^ vitor (30 March 2008). ""FFmpeg development mailing list"". FFmpeg development. FFmpeg website. Retrieved 30 March 2008. [ permanent dead link]^ benoit (14 April 2008). ""FFmpeg development mailing list"". FFmpeg development. FFmpeg website. Retrieved 14 April 2008. [ permanent dead link]^ Michael Niedermayer, Timothy Gu (2014-12-05). ""RELEASE NOTES for FFmpeg 2.5 ""Bohr "" "". Video LAN. Archived from the original on 2014-12-08. Retrieved 2014-12-05.^ ramiro (18 March 2008). ""FFmpeg development mailing list"". FFmpeg development. FFmpeg website. Archived from the original on 17 August 2008. Retrieved 18 March 2008.^ banan (8 June 2008). ""FFmpeg development mailing list"". FFmpeg development. FFmpeg website. Archived from the original on 14 January 2009. Retrieved 8 June 2008.^ faust3 (21 March 2008). ""FFmpeg development mailing list"". FFmpeg development. FFmpeg website. Archived from the original on 25 April 2008. Retrieved 21 March 2008.^ ""FFmpeg: libavutil/pixfmt.h File Reference - enum AVPixel Format"". FFmpeg Project. 2015-11-17. Retrieved 2015-11-18.^ van Kesteren, Anne (2010-09-01). ""Internet Drafts are not Open Standards"". annevankesteren.nl. Self-published. Retrieved 2015-03-22.^ Real Time Streaming Protocol 2.0 (RTSP) draft-ietf-mmusic-rfc2326bis-40 P.231^ ""rtsp: Support tls-encapsulated RTSP - git.videolan.org Git - ffmpeg.git/commit"". videolan.org. Retrieved 21 October 2016.^ ""FFmpeg Filters"". ffmpeg.org. Retrieved 2017-03-27.^ How it works earwax.ca^ ""Codecs list"". ffmpeg.org. Retrieved 2012-01-01.^ ""Legal information on FFmpeg's website"". ffmpeg.org. Retrieved 2012-01-04.^ "" [Ffmtech-board-election] FFmtech board elections"". June 8, 2011. Retrieved 14 August 2015.^ "" [Ffmpeg-devel-irc] ffmpeg-devel.log.20150814"". August 14, 2015. Retrieved 15 August 2014.^ ""Google's You Tube Uses FFmpeg | Breaking Eggs And Making Omelettes"". Multimedia.cx. 2011-02-08. Retrieved 2012-08-06.^ a b ""FFmpeg-based Projects"". Ffmpeg.org. Retrieved 2012-01-04.^ ""Firefox Enables FFmpeg Support By Default"". Phoronix. 2015-11-15. Retrieved 2015-11-18.^ ""Avanti: FFmpeg/Avisynth GUI"". Retrieved 2011-08-17.^ ""Java CV"". Git Hub. 2015.^ Libav project site, retrieved 2012-01-04^ Ronald S. Bultje (2011-03-14), Project renamed to Libav, retrieved 2012-01-04^ A group of FFmpeg developers just forked as Libav, Phoronix, 2011-03-14, retrieved 2012-01-04^ What happened to FFmpeg, 2011-03-30, retrieved 2012-05-19^ FFMpeg turmoil, 2011-01-19, retrieved 2012-01-04^ ""The FFmpeg/Libav situation"". blog.pkh.me. Retrieved 2015-09-22. External links [ edit]Official website FFmpeg at Open Hub [ show]v t e Media player software Categories: C libraries Command-line software Cross-platform free software FFmpeg Free codecs Free computer libraries Free music software Free software programmed in C Free video conversion software Multimedia frameworks Software that uses FFmpeg Software written primarily in assembly language "


heart rate increase during exercise

te. Exercise In response to exercise, both aerobic and strength training, your heart rate increases. As the physiological demands of the activity increase, so too does heart rate. The heart beats faster during exercise to pump more blood to the working muscles.

What Causes Heart Rate to Increase?

Related Articles What Happens to the Circulatory System During Exercise? What Happens to the Heart Rate After Exercise? How Is the Respiratory System Affected by Exercise? Normal Pulse Rate for Pregnancy Causes of Water Retention in Feet How Is the Cardiovascular System Affected by Exercise? Overview

An increased heart rate, also known as tachycardia, is a heart rate that's beyond the normal range for a typical resting heart rate. Resting heart rates are the number of times per minute that your heart beats while you're at rest or sleeping. Numerous factors can cause heart rates to increase, although some factors are more dangerous than others and signal underlying health problems.

Activity level, stress and air temperature, among other factors, increase heart ra

The blood delivers oxygen and nutrients to the tissues and removes problematic metabolic byproducts from the cells. According to the American Heart Association, a person's maximum achievable heart rate through exercise roughly corresponds to the formula 220 minus age, although this formula is not accurate for every individual. Stress According to the Cleveland Clinic, elevated heart rates are a natural response to stress. Excessive stress in your life can invoke the fight-or-flight reaction, which is the body's natural alarm system. When you face real or perceived threats to health or safety, the brain's hypothalamus region is stimulated, which produces nerve and hormonal signals that act on the adrenal glands. During stressful situations, the adrenal glands, which sit on top of the kidneys, release significant amounts of hormones, especially adrenaline and cortisol. These two hormones work in concert to ready the body for action. Adrenaline boosts your heart rate, along with blood pressure and energy supplies, while cortisol mobilizes stored sugars, increases the brain's use of glucose and down-regulates nonessential bodily functions, among other activities. Chronic activation of the body's stress-response system increases the risk of health problems, including heart disease, digestive problems and depressi

on. Heat Stress Heat stress can increase your heart rate, and, if severe and prolonged, can cause significant health problems. According to the Canadian Centre for Occupational Health and Safety, in moderately hot environments, your body vents heat by increasing the heart rate and pumping more blood to the surface.

When blood is sent to the surface or skin, excess body heat is lost to the environment and you begin sweating. Alterations in your blood flow, along with excessive sweating, affect your ability to perform physical and mental work. Physical work generates additional metabolic heat, which compounds the body's heat burden. Dehydration, which often accompanies heat stress, results in decreased blood volume. Because the total blood volume is lower, the body must increase the heart rate to keep the blood flow to the essential tissues and organs constant.email Tweet References (5)DON'T MISSWhat Happens to the Circulatory System During Exercise? What Happens to the Heart Rate After Exercise? How Is the Respiratory System Affected by Exercise? Photo Credits: Digital Vision./Photodisc/Getty Images This article reflects the views of the writer and does not necessarily reflect the views of Jillian Michaels or Jillian Michaels.com. Live Well » Fitness & Exercise » What Causes Heart Rate to Increase?


cost for suny binghamton

The cost of attending SUNY at Binghamton for in-state students without financial aid is $9,053 USD. The cost for out-of-state students without financial aid is $22,173

Cost of Attending SUNY at BinghamtonVestal, New York

See all College Tuition Share Cost of Attending SUNY at Binghamton Vestal, New York In-State Tuition: $9,053 USD Out-of-State Tuition: $22,173 USD Smart Rating: 92 This page focuses on tuition and financial aid details for SUNY at Binghamton. Head to our colleges page to see more detailed information about SUNY-Binghamton such as admissions and demographics, or see our Colleges topic to find the right 4-year university for you. Note: Tuition is per year with fees. Financial aid is only available for those who qualify. See Tuition for All Colleges Calculate My Chances Advertisement Share SUNY at Binghamton Tuition Summary How much is tuition at SUNY at Binghamton?

USD. Cost & Aid Relatively affordable in-state tuition ($9,053 USD)Expensive out-of-state tuition ($22,173 USD)Relatively low percent of freshmen receive grants (52%)Institution Public institution Semester calendar President: Harvey G. Stenger, Jr. Student Body One of the largest schools (16,913 undergrad & grad students)One of the largest undergrad populations (13,491 students)Mostly in-state students: 83% (17% nonresident)Balanced gender ratio (52% male - 48% female)Locale Locale type: midsize suburb Very cool summer temperature (68 degrees Fahrenheit average)Very cold winter (26 degrees Fahrenheit average)Get Admissions Info on Binghamton University, State University of New York (It only takes a minute! )How will my data be used? Step 1 of 4Choose Area of Study Choose Concentration Zip code Continue Privacy Policy Advertisement Share Cost & Expenses Estimated Annual Costs of Attendance Off-Campus Living at Home More Off-Campus Estimated Cost of Attendance Category Undergraduate In-State Tuition & Fees $9,053 USDPart-Time Tuition (per credit hour) $270 USDOut-of-State Tuition & Fees $22,173 USDPart-Time Tuition (per credit hour) $816 USDRoom & Board $7,779 USDBooks & Supplies $1,000 USDOther Expenses $2,632 USDAnnual In-State Cost of Attendance $20,464 USDAnnual Out-of-State Cost of Attendance $33,584 USDHow Total Cost of Attendance was Calculated Start Class' total cost of attendance was calculated by including both primary costs and additional costs. Primary costs include tuition, fees, and room and board. Additional costs are books, supplies, transportation, and personal expenses. What it means Tuition & Fees: Tuition and fees are what the school charges the student to enroll in classes. The tuition figures represented here are for full-time enrollment. Room & Board: Cost of meals and housing. Usually based on the cost for a full time student to live and eat on campus. Books & Supplies: Cost of books and supplies for an entire academic year. Personal Expenses: This is the cost of that morning coffee, late-night pizza and monthly cell phone bill. Other State University of New York School Schools2014-2015 Academic Year SUNY at Binghamton Tuition In-State: $9,053 USD Out-of-State: $22,173 USDSUNY at Binghamton's in-state tuition is more expensive than the average State University of New York (SUNY) System's in-state tuition ($8,057 USD). The school's out-of-state tuition is more expensive than the average State University of New York (SUNY) System's out-of-state tuition ($18,612 USD).2014-2015 Academic Year Estimate Your Total Cost of Attendance Fill out the values to receive your personalized total cost of attendance. Are you concerned about paying for college? The total cost of attendance at SUNY at Binghamton may sound expensive, but the truth is that many students pay less than their college's sticker price thanks to financial aid. Read below to learn more about SUNY at Binghamton's financial aid program and how much money you can save by applying for grants, scholarships, and student loans. Advertisement Share Financial Aid Freshmen Awarded Avg Aid Amount More Number of Freshmen Who Received Aid SUNY at Binghamton helped 2,119 incoming freshmen with financial aid last year Grants & Loans Out of 2,528 incoming freshmen who enrolled at SUNY at Binghamton last year, 2,119 students received some type of financial aid package. Grant Aid: 1,325 incoming freshmen received $7,635 USD on average in grant aid. (52% of the freshmen class)Loan Aid: 1,209 incoming freshmen took $7,515 USD on average in federal student loan. (48% of the freshmen class)* Note that the number of students in this section are based on the student financial aid component, which is generally a year behind the other enrollment data reported. Check My Scholarship Chances Incoming Freshmen Financial Aid Comparison% Freshmen Awarded Avg Aid Amount More Comparing Percentage of Freshmen Who Received Aid84% of SUNY at Binghamton's Incoming Freshmen Received Financial Aid SUNY at Binghamton offered less grant aid to incoming freshmen than both the average State University of New York (SUNY) System and the average public 4 year college in New York. Similarly, fewer incoming freshmen took out federal student loans than the average State University of New York (SUNY) System, but more than the average public 4 year college in New York. Financial Aid Detailed Breakdown Type of Aid Average Amount # Students Receiving Aid % Students Receiving Aid Total Amount of Aid Available Students with Any Aid 2,119 84%+ Any Grant Aid $7,635 USD 1,325 52% $10.1 million USD+ Any Loan Aid $7,515 USD 1,209 48% $9.09 million USDUndergraduates Financial Aid Undergraduates Awarded Avg Aid Amount More Number of Undergraduates Who Received Aid Undergraduate Grant & Loan Aid Out of 13,412 total undergraduates enrolled in SUNY at Binghamton, 51% of students received federal grant aid and 47% of students took federal student loan. Grant Aid: 6,803 total undergraduates received on average $7,164 USD in grant aid. (51% of undergraduates)Student Loan: 6,255 total undergraduates took on average $6,828 USD in federal student loan (47% of undergraduates)* Note that the number of students in this section are based on the student financial aid component, which is generally a year behind the other enrollment data reported. Undergraduate Financial Aid Comparison% of Undergrads Awarded Avg Aid Amount More Comparing Percentage of Undergraduates Who Received Aid Percentage of Undergraduates Received Financial Aid at SUNY at Binghamton SUNY at Binghamton offered less grant aid to undergraduates than both the average State University of New York (SUNY) System and the average public 4 year college in New York. Similarly, fewer undergraduates took out federal student loans than the average State University of New York (SUNY) System, but more than the average public 4 year college in New York. Type of Aid Average Amount # of Students Receiving Aid % of Students Receiving Aid Total Amount of Aid Available Any Grant Aid $7,164 USD 6,803 51% $48.7 million USDPell Grants $4,663 USD 3,850 29% $18 million USDFederal Loan Aid $6,828 USD 6,255 47% $42.7 million USDSimilarly Ranked Colleges with Higher Average Grant Aid Amounts Start Class is an education site that uses Graphiq’s semantic technology to deliver deep insights via data-driven articles, visualizations and research tools. Deep insights from education data. Knowledge delivered. ›Advertisement Share Net Price of Attendance As a prospective student, you can estimate how much your family will need to contribute to attend SUNY at Binghamton. To learn more, visit SUNY at Binghamton's financial aid website. Fill out the values to receive your personalized net price. Advertisement Share Tuition Details Historical Tuition Information How much did it cost to attend SUNY at Binghamton back in the day? Find out by adjusting the year option. Historical Tuition Percentage Change Over Time More Historical Tuition (Actual Amount) Historical Tuition (2015 Inflation Adjusted)Actual Tuition vs Inflation Adjusted Tuition Price inflation causes the value of a dollar to fall over time, so the same dollar amount in two different years will usually represent different amounts of purchasing power. We've adjusted the historical dollar values to 2015's dollar value to account for inflation. Removing the effects of inflation from tuition allows you to see the true tuition changes, without external economic forces. For example, if a college increased their tuition by 5% over one year and the inflation for the year was 2%, the real rate of tuition increase is 3%. Estimated Future Tuition Cost What will tuition at SUNY at Binghamton be in the future? Select a year to find out. Historical Tuition & Estimated Future Tuition Share Savings and Loans Calculators College Savings Plan How much will you need to save now to send your child to this college? Start Class created this monthly savings plan calculator to help you with your financial planning. Adjust your options to personalize your monthly savings plan calculator. Student Loan Calculator How much should I expect to pay upon graduation? We created this tool to help you understand how quickly you can pay off your student loans. Fill out the values to receive your personalized estimated monthly payment amount. Advertisement Share SUNY at Binghamton Detailstotal applicants30,616acceptance rate42.5%average SAT score1931average A. C. T. score29six-year graduation rate81%Admissions Very difficult to get in (42.5% acceptance rate)One of the top average SAT scores (1931 out of 2400)Cost & Aid Relatively affordable in-state tuition ($9,053 USD)Extremely expensive out-of-state tuition ($22,173 USD)Relatively low percent of freshmen receive grants (52%)Graduation Rate & Salary Very high graduation rate (81% in 6 years)Very high median salary 10 years after graduation ($57,400 USD)Academics Very wide program selection (119 programs)Most popular majors: - Accounting - Psychology, General - Computer Science Student Body & Faculty One of the largest universities (16,913 undergrad & grad students)One of the largest undergrad populations (13,491 students)Mostly in-state students: 83% (17% nonresident)Balanced gender ratio (52% male - 48% female)High student-faculty ratio (20:1)Institution Semester calendar Public institution President: Harvey G. Stenger, Jr. Locale Locale type: midsize suburb Cool summer temperature (68 degrees Fahrenheit average)Very cold winter (26 degrees Fahrenheit average)For more detailed information on SUNY at Binghamton or any 4-year college, see our Colleges topic. We have extensive debt information on SUNY at Binghamton, as well as thousands of other colleges on our College Student Debt topic. Share Location Address4400 Vestal Parkway East Vestal, New York 13850President Harvey G. Stenger, Jr. Net Price Calculator Websitehttp://www.suny.edu/howmuch/netpricecalculator.xhtml?id=2&embed=n&header Url=www.binghamton.edu/npc/logo.png&css Url=www.binghamton.edu/np (suny.edu)Financial Aid Websitehttp://www2.binghamton.edu/financial-aid (www2.binghamton.edu)References Sources: NCES, Forecast Package, BLS, Wintergreen Orchard House, NCDC, and Do ED. Show details


what are comps?

“Comps,” or comparable sales, is a term anyone on either side of a real estate transaction should know well. It refers to homes located in the same area and very similar in size, condition and features as the home you are trying to buy or sell. Buyers look at comps when deciding what price to offer on a home, and sellers use them to figure out how to best price their home for the market. Real estate agents look at comps all day long as a way to keep on top of their local market.

'What Are Comps?': Understanding a Key Real Estate Tool

Whether you're buying or selling a home, comparing similar homes can yield a wealth of helpful information.

If you are a buyer or seller, it’s helpful to have a strategy to analyze comps, because all comps aren’t created equal. Location is the highest priority If you are trying to price a home or figure out its value, you need to look nearby. The market is based on location, so keeping as close to the subject property as possible — meaning, within the same neighborhood — is the most effective approach. If you can’t get enough comps nearby, it’s fine to keep expanding out. But there will always be a boundary, like a school district, that you need to stay within. Timeframe matters The best comps are homes that are currently “pending.” Why? Because a pending home is a piece of live market data. A pending home means that a buyer and seller made a deal, and that deal will reflect the most up-to-the-minute stats on the market. A good local real estate agent, leveraging her network, can get a fairly accurate idea what the ultimate sale price or range is for a pending deal. Try to stick with sales in the past three months, and never go more than six months, because older data is not reflective of the current market. Factor in home features Once you have location and timeframe, it is key to look for homes with similar features that have sold, as opposed to comparing price per square feet. While the latter is helpful, it won’t consider factors like views, a new designer kitchen or a finished basement vs. unfinished. If you have all three bedrooms on the top floor, look for something similar. Try to compare your subject property to like properties when it comes to traits like total size, the number of bedrooms and bathrooms, and the size of the lot. You can make adjustments once you have found similar homes. Don’t overanalyze the comps Putting your trust in a good local agent will keep you from agonizing over the petty details of each comparable home. Your agent is likely familiar with some of the recent sales, and can help shed light on why one comp fares better than another. You may not know that one home was next to a fire station or across from a parking lot, or that another didn’t have a real backyard, but your agent will. These small nuances will affect the home’s value. Find your home on Zillow to see your Zestimate ® home value with your comps. Related: Winning Tips for Buyers and Sellers in Sellers’ Markets Advice for Buyers and Sellers in a Buyers’ Market Best Markets for Buyers and Sellers Note: The views and opinions expressed in this article are those of the author and do not necessarily reflect the opinion or position of Zillow. About the author Brendon De Simone Brendon De Simone is the author of Next Generation Real Estate: New Rules for Smarter Home Buying & Faster Selling. A 15-year veteran of the residential real estate industry and a nationally recognized real estate expert, Brendon has completed hundreds of transactions totaling more than $250M. His expert advice is often sought out by reporters and journalists in both local and national press. Brendon is a regularly featured guest on major television networks and programs including CNBC, FOX News, Bloomberg, Good Morning America, ABC’s 20/20 and HGTV. Brendon is the manager of the Bedford and Pound Ridge offices of Houlihan Lawrence, the leading real estate brokerage north of New York City.


cost of starting a restaurant

ns. The average cost to open a restaurant in a Restaurant Owner.com survey was $498,888 (based on 700 respondents; the Census data included over 700,000 businesses in this category). That said, there are many less expensive ways to get a start in food service. A food truck will set you back between $30,000 and $200,000, depending on whether you buy a new or used truck and how many bells and whistles you add.

Ready to Start a Business? Hereâs What It Will Cost

Ready to Start a Business? Here’s What It Will Cost By Laura Mc Camy4 min read Data from the Small Business Administration (SBA) Office of Advocacy confirm what many small-business owners already know from personal experience: Most small businesses are started on a shoestring budget. Based on 2007 Census data, 70 percent of entrepreneurs who started or acquired firms reported using less than $25,000 in startup capital. A whopping 44 percent started their businesses with less than $5,000 in the bank. The average startup capital across industries was just under $29,000. The actual amount invested of course varies widely, but the figures below, which were extrapolated from the data provided by the SBA Office of Advocacy, should give you a general idea of startup costs in your industry. Food Service: Average Startup $125,000In the category the Census calls “accommodation and food services,” which includes restaurants and hotels, only 13 percent of business owners started up with less than $5,000, while 20 percent spent between $100,000 and $250,000. Close to 20 percent spent more than $250,000 to start their enterprises. These figures closely dovetail with other surveys. Restaurants have some of the best-documented startup costs of any sector. Buying a restaurant franchise costs between $25,000 and $50,000 on the low end, ranging up to well over $1 million for some of the big name fast food chai

For brick-and-mortar restaurants, choosing a space that was previously a restaurant can cut costs in half, since most of the expense of opening a dining establishment is in building out the space and buying fixtures and equipment. Many restaurateurs are trying out their concepts first in a pop-up space to keep costs low. Service Businesses: Average Startup $14,000 to $18,000The lawyers, accountants, architects, photographers, graphic designers, consultants, and veterinarians grouped together in the Census data under “professional, scientific, and technical services ” are the largest group — about 14 percent of the total, or 3.8 million startups. This category includes the closely watched tech sector. While news reports are full of stories of venture capital funding for tech startups and billion-dollar purchases by tech giants, the majority of tech entrepreneurs are like the majority of all entrepreneurs: bootstrapping their fledgling enterprises with a little bit of cash and a lot of hard work. Most of these professionals reported opening their businesses with little capital: over 54 percent needed less than $5,000 and fewer than 13 percent spent $50,000 or more; the average is $18,000. One cost not included in this data is the price of training and education needed before hanging out your shingle in one of these professions, which can run well over $100,000. Another group of service providers, classified as “other services (except public administration)” is a patchwork quilt of everything from grant writers and dry cleaners to morticians and dog washers. Although close to half of these entrepreneurs opened their establishments for under $5,000, almost 25 percent spent more than $25,000, with an average of $14,000. Construction: Average Startup $14,000The second most popular category for new-business startups at just under 13 percent of the total, construction entrepreneurs followed the general trend of bootstrapping with little or no startup capital. The fact that close to half reported starting their businesses with less than $5,000 may reflect the large number of self-employed handypersons in this category, whose micro businesses don’t require a large outlay of initial cash. Retail: Average Startup $32,000Close to 42 percent of retail businesses reported starting up for less that $5,000. In this sector, recent trends in pop-up locations and online retail may be bringing the price of entry down. Anecdotal accounts of retail startup costs, even for businesses with low initial inventory costs such as consignment shops, put the price tag for opening a store at right around the average found in the Census data. Startup Costs for Other Industries The data include a list of average startup costs for a variety of other industries as well, including:• $27,000 to open a healthcare business. This category includes everything from doctor’s offices to home health aides. • $75,000 to get started in real estate or rentals of real property or equipment. • $11,000 to go into business providing administrative or janitorial support for other businesses. • $16,000 to enter the transportation and warehousing sector, which covers a range of businesses, from independent truckers to warehouse operations, as well as transporting passengers. • $16,000 to set yourself up in arts and entertainment, including performance venues and camps and recreational facilities. • $52,000 to start a finance or insurance business. The Bottom Line The averages cited here may give you a rough idea of what to expect in different sectors of the economy. Within each industry classification, there can be great variation in actual startup costs. To get a clear picture of the capital needed to start your business, your best bet is to research the costs specific to your location and type of business by talking to the owners of similar businesses, working with a business mentor, and pricing out the specific items you will need in order to open your doors. Rate This Article ★ ★ ★ ★ ★This article currently has 3 ratings with an average of 5.0 stars Disclaimer Popular Articles The Top 5 #Ways To Grow Your Small Business How a Side Gig on Amazon Became a Pet Travel Company106 Business Tools for Freelancers, Consultants and Side Hustlers Help Your Business Thrive Get our newsletter Name Email Related Articles How Alaia Williams Built a Successful Business by Diversifying Alaia Williams has made a career out of processes. She began by…Read more101 Best Business Blogs You Need to be Reading (and Taking Lessons From)There are many business blogs on the Internet. Some of the most…Read more From Police Officer to Etsy Superstar, This Entrepreneur Is Following Her Dreams Deidre Peak was a police officer when she decided to take a…Read more


what is colorado marble?

E""Be it the stone or the town""Marble, Colorado is a sleepy little town tucked away in the Rocky Mountains. Itʼs just over a mountain—but a world away—from Aspen. Today it has a population of about 100 people, but in the early part of the 20th century, with a population in the thousands, it played a major role in the architecture and monuments in America.

"""Be it the stone or the town"""

"A BRIEF HISTORY OF MARBL

Marble, the stone, was discovered by prospectors in the 1870s, who were looking for silver and gold. But the actual saga started a few hundred million years earlier. Marble (stone) is metamorphosed limestone and, as such, only occurs where there was once a sea bed. In the case of Yule Marble the limestone is the Mississippian Leadville Limestone formation which was once an ocean floor. Over the course of about 100,000,000 years the skeletons of the critters that lived in the sea (probably mostly plankton) settled to the bottom and eventually formed a layer of limestone about 300 feet thick and many miles long and wide. But it's what happened in the next 100 million years that turned the limestone into marble and really caused the Town of Marble to come about thousands of years later. The layer of limestone was thrust up several thousand feet and also covered up by volcanic activity. This “pressure cooked” the limestone at about 435°C (815°F) causing the calcium carbonate to be recrystallized into marble, and driving off most of the impurities. For a complete explanation of this metamorphic process, see the paper by Everett & Hoisch referenced below. The Town of Marble was incorporated in 1899, and the marble industry grew slowly because the marble was difficult to extract and transporting it was a longstanding challenge. Shown here is the main chamber of the Yule Quarry, circa 1920s, where all the blocks for the Lincoln Memorial were quarried and sent to the finishing mill. But the Colorado-Yule Quarry did become successful and a tram was built to bring the marble down the mountain to the Treasury Mountain Railway, by which this beautiful white stone was transported to Carbondale and introduced throughout the country. The Colorado-Yule Marble Company also built the largest marble finishing mill in the world, the length of 5 ½ football fields, complete with an overhead crane system to take the pieces to the various shops for fabrication. Countless buildings and monuments throughout the United States were built with marble from Marble, Colorado, and the population continued to increase, to a high of about 1400 in the boom years of 1912-1917. In 1913, a slab of Yule marble was sent to Washington, D. C. to be part of the Washington Monument. On March 10, 1914, the Colorado-Yule quarry was awarded its most prestigious contract to date: the Lincoln Memorial in Washington, D. C., designed by Henry Bacon. His inspiration was the Parthenon in Athens, Greece, the birthplace of democracy, a fitting tribute to President Lincoln, who kept our American democratic experiment intact. World War I dealt a devastating blow to the Marble economy because many of the workers in Marble were from Austria and Italy, and returned to their European homelands to fight in the war. The Colorado-Yule Marble Company closed the quarry and the finishing mill in 1917. By 1920, Marble had a population of only 81. In 1930, however, the Yule-Colorado company was awarded the most prestigious marble contract of the time—that of the block for the Tomb of the Unknown Soldier. After two failed attempts to quarry a “perfect” block the third try succeeded. This was, at the time, the largest block of marble ever quarried in the world. It then took workers another 4 days to get this 56 ton block of marble down the mountain. The block was loaded onto a rail car and shipped to Vermont for cutting and then to Arlington Cemetery for carving, where it still resides today. The Yule Marble quarry closed in 1941 as a result of declining demand and the entry of the United States into WWII. Much of the equipment and railroad was scrapped and used in the war effort. The population of Marble continued to decline…down to a population of 1 in the 1950s (schoolteacher Teresa Herman). But the beautiful valley did not remain a ghost town for long, attracting tourists, retirees and even a failed ski area development in the late 1960s and early 1970s. In 1990 the quarry was reopened. For a list of the buildings and monuments using Colorado-Yule marble, please click the following link: www.dfohgfddhojhdd The story of Marble is closely connected to the marble quarry and finishing mill. A large part of that story is the far-sightedness and determination of those who pursued their dream and produced some of the most beautiful and meaningful monuments in the country that stand as an inspiration to all of us. "


at what age can a kitten

At this point, your kitten can have kittens of her own, leading to a number of unwanted little babies for you to deal with. Once she goes into her first estrus or heat cycle, she'll remain in heat for 21 to 30 days, according to the University of California Davis School of Veterinary Medicine.

The Best Age to Spay a Female Cat

Even young kittens can be spayed. While you can have your kitty spayed at any age, the best time to do so is before she goes into heat for the first time. This will prevent not only any unwanted litters but also some possible health issues for your little girl later in life.

Reaching Maturity Typically, your furry companion will become mature when she reaches 5 to 8 months old, according to the Feline Advisory Bureau.

During this time, she won't be able to have a spay surgery because of the medical risks involved, and you'll have to wait until she's out of estrus. When to Spay

To prevent your little one from going into heat, ideally she should be spayed prior to or right around 5 months of age. The youngest a kitty should be before she's spayed is 8 weeks old. Little ones this young need to be at least 2.2 pounds before surgery, recommends the Ohio Alleycat Resource.

Young kittens tend to bounce back after surgery pretty quickly. Of course, your feline friend needs to be in good health to go through surgery; if she isn't, your vet will tell you when she is ready to be spayed. What is Spaying? The spay procedure is a routine surgery in which your vet will remove the reproductive organs of your kitty. These organs include the ovaries, uterus and fallopian tubes, according to the American Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals. Your vet makes a small incision in your little one's abdomen to do this, after which he'll close the area with surgical sutures. In seven to 10 days, he'll remove these sutures or they will dissolve on their own. During her recovery, your furry friend may have to wear a special collar, known as an e-collar, to prevent her from licking or chewing at her sutures and causing an infection. Spaying Ages

While spaying is traditionally recommended for kitties between 4 and 6 months of age, spaying as young as 8 weeks old is considered safe, according to Cat Channel. Many animal shelters actually spay kitties prior to adopting them out at this age.

Each kitty is unique, though, and your vet may have recommendations of his own for your little one, to determine the best age to spay her. In addition, certain local laws may dictate when you spay your little one. Some municipalities specify that kitties must be spayed by 4 months of age, while others require it by 6 months of age, according to the American Veterinary Medical Association. Considerations Spaying your kitty prior to her first heat means you won't have to deal with any of the unpleasant behaviors associated with estrus. These include loud yowling, a constant desire to go outside and urine marking. Her number one desire during this time is to find a male kitty to mate with, which is why she wants to escape outdoors. Spaying her between 2 and 5 months old means you won't have to deal with any of this. Plus, her chances of developing breast and ovarian cancers is reduced, as are her chances of developing pyometra, a potentially deadly infection of the uterus, according to the Kokomo Humane Society. Note that it's never too late to spay a kitty, so if you adopt an unspayed older feline furbaby, have her spayed right away, as long as she's not in heat. References American Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals: Spay-Neuter Best Friends Animal Society: Pediatric Spay/Neuter Mar Vista Animal Medical Center: The Feline Spay Cat Channel: Early-Age Spay/Neuter for Kittens Ohio Alleycat Resource: OAR Spay/Neuter Clinic for Cats Vet Info: At What Age Should You Neuter a Cat? UC Davis School of Veterinary Medicine: Spaying Your Cat or Dog Feline Advisory Bureau: Neutering Your Cat Kokomo Humane Society: Spaying and Neutering Fact vs. Fiction American Veterinary Medical Association: Mandatory Spay/Neuter Laws About the Author Based in Las Vegas, Susan Paretts has been writing since 1998. She writes about many subjects including pets, finances, crafts, food, home improvement, shopping and going green. Her articles, short stories and reviews have appeared on City National Bank's website and on The Noseprint. Paretts holds a Master of Professional Writing from the University of Southern California. Photo Credits Thinkstock/Comstock/Getty Images MORE MUST-CLICKS: How Soon After a Cat Goes Into Heat Can She Be Spayed? How Early Can a Kitten Be Spayed? How to Adopt a Siamese Kitten Spaying a Cat After Pregnancy The Recovery of Spayed Kittens At What Age Do Kittens Eyes Change Color? Do Female Cats Menstruate? When Do Cats Grow Out of the Hyper Crazy Stage?


what level are cirrus clouds

Identifying cirrus, cirrocumulus and cirrostratus clouds. All high-level clouds - where the base is above 20,000 ft - are a type of cirrus cloud.

High clouds

High clouds

Cirrus Height of base: 18,000 - 40,000 ft Latin: cirrus - lock or tuft of hair Cirrus are short, detached, hair-like clouds found at high altitudes. These delicate clouds are wispy with a silky sheen or look like tufts of hair. In the day time, they are whiter than any other cloud in the sky. While the sun is setting or rising, they may take on the colours of the sunset. Find out more >>Cirrocumulus Height of base: 20,000 - 40,000 ft Latin: cirrus - lock or tuft of hair; cumulus - heap Cirrocumulus clouds are lots of small white clouds - called cloudlets - grouped together at high levels. Composed almost entirely from ice crystals, the little cloudlets are regularly spaced, often arranged as ripples in the sky. They are relatively rare, and unlike altocumulus clouds, never have any shading. Find out more >>Cirrostratus Height of base: 18,000 - 40,000 ft Latin: cirrus - lock or tuft of hair; stratus - flattened or spread out Cirrostratus are transparent high clouds covering large areas of the sky. They sometimes produce white or coloured rings, spots or arcs of light around the sun or moon that are known as halo phenomena. Sometimes they are so thin that the halo is the only indication that a cirrostratus cloud is in the sky. Cirrostratus can span thousands of miles, and may be smooth or fibrous and are often fringed with cirrus clouds. Shadows will normally still be cast by the sun when shining through cirrostratus clouds, which can help distinguish them from similar nimbostratus clouds. Find out more >>For more detailed information on cloud spotting and pictures of different types of clouds, view our Cloud types for observers guide. Last updated: 17 February 2017Cirrus clouds All high clouds are a type of cirrus, a common cloud that can be seen at any time of the year. Cirrocumulus clouds Cirrocumulus are a relatively rare cloud forming ripples which may resemble honeycomb. Cirrostratus clouds The thin, layered Cirrostratus cloud is composed of ice crystals and forms a veil that covers all or part of the sky.