what are the main categories of market-oriented approaches to pollution controls

litythe main categories of market-oriented approaches to pollution control are marketable permits, better-defined property rights pollution chargesif a government wants to establish a marketable permit program, it must begin by determining

Unit 3 test Microeconomics

100 terms Lindsey Cottrill964 PLUSUnit 3 test Microeconomics Learn Flashcards Write Spell Test Match Gravity Advertisement Upgrade to remove ads Like this study set? Create a free account to save it. Create a free account Maybe later Sortwhich of the following characteristics relate to imperfect competition competition that does not to the definition of perfect competition either because it involves a smaller number of units or only one firm, or products that aren't identicalderegulation occurs when a government eliminates or scales back rules relating to all but one of the following which one is it natural monopolywhich of the following will present the least amount of concern to a firm that has a monopoly over a particular industry the competitive actions of other business firmsif the north american newsprint paper market has barriers to entry then entry will be blocked even if firms are earning high profitsif it was possible for one company to gain ownership control all of the uranium processing plants in the U. S. then that firm could set up barriers to entry to discourage competitionroughly speaking, patent laws cover _______ and _________ law protects an authors original book original inventive creations, copyrightwhich of the following is the most accurate description of a monopolist a sole producer of a product for which good substitutes are lacking in a market with high barriers to entryfollowing assumption that firms maximize profits, now ill the price and output policy of an unregulated monopolist compare with ideal market efficiency output will be too small and its price too highthe two primary factors determine monopoly market power are the firms demand curve and cost structurewhen the demand for a good or service limit the quantity that can be sold to an output at which the firm experiences economies of scale the firm is a natural monopolywhich if the following refers to when firms act together to reduce output and keep prices high collusionthe branch of mathematics that analyzes situations in which players must make decisions and then receive payoffs most often used by economists is game theoryshopping malls typically lease retail space to large number of clothing stores. when this group of retailers competes to sell similar but not identical products, they engage in that economists call monopolistic competitionin the highly competitive setting in which oligopoly firms operate, which of the following are considered to be typical temptations each form may face to cooperate to act as a single monopoly and all the aboveif a monopoly to a monopolistic competitor raises their price then decline in quantity demanded will be larger for he monopolistic competitorthe typical slope of the demand curve as perceived by a monopolistic competitor will reflect that firms ability raise its price without losing all of its customersif the firm is producing at a quantity of output where marginal revenue exceeds marginal cost then the firm should keep expanding productionin monopolistic competition, the end result if entry and exit is that firms end up with a price that lies on the downward-sloping portion of the average cost curvewhen entry occurs in a monopolistically competitive industry a smaller quantity will be demanded at any given pricewhich of the following is a question economists have struggled to address with only partial success whether a market-oreiented economy produce the optimal amount of varietywhat is meant by cartel a group pf firms that collude to produce the monopoly output and sell at the monopoly pricethe perceived demand curve for a group of competing oligopoly firms will appear kinked as a result of their commitment to match price cuts, not price increasesif monopolistic competitors must expect a process of entry and exit like perfectly competitive firms they will be unable to earn higher-than-normal profits in the long runwhich of the following best identifies what the concept of differentiated products is closely related to the degree of product variety that is availablewould raising the price for a product create a larger decline in quantity demanded for a monopolistic competitors than it would for a monopoly yes, consumers will buy from competitors offering lower priced substitutesthe first step to be undertaken by a profit-maximizing monopolistic competitor wanting to decline what price to charge is select the profit maximizing quantity to producethe long-term result of entry and exit in perfectly competitive market is that all firms end up selling at the price level determined by the lowest point on the line average cost curvein a monopolistically competitive market, the rule or maximizing profit is to set MR=MC which means price is higher than marginal revenuewhen exit occurs in monopolistically competitive industry the perceived demand and marginal revenue curves will shift to the righthow can parties who found themselves in a prisoner's dilemma situation avoid the undesired outcome and cooperate with each other find effective ways to penalize firms who do not cooperatewhat is meant by monopolistic competition many firms competing to sell similar but differentiated productswhich of the following is most likely to be a monopoly local electricity distributora firm that holds a monopoly position in the market place is a price makera natural monopoly occurs hen the quantity demanded is ________ the minimum quantity it takes ti be at the bottom of the long-run average cost curve less thanthe US law dealing with original works if authorship allow the US copyright office to enforce protection for all but one of the following which one is it ancient bible textsa monopolists is able to maximize its profits by producing output where MR=MC and charging a price along the demand curvewhen a natural monopoly exists in a given industry, the per-unit costs of production will be lowest when a single firm generates the entire output of the industryif monopolists are able to produce fewer goods and sell then at a higher price than they could under perfect competition, the result will be abnormally high sustained profitswhat quantities would ideally suit a monopolistic form with regard to barriers to entry sufficient strength to prevent or discourage potential competitors from entering the markerwhen a firm pursues a predatory pricing strategy it does so to maximize profits in the long runwhich of the following characteristics relate to externally when a market exchange affects a third party who is outside of the exchangewhy would a typical US business fail to take the social cost of pollution into consideration during the development of their operating strategies it isn't required to pay any of the cost of cleaning up its pollutionwhich of the following is viewed as a fundamental building block of the US economic way of thinking the principle that a system of voluntary exchange benefits both partieswhich of the following would be classified as a situation where a third party benefits from market transaction by others city buying 10,000 tress for green space renewal projectsif no externalities of pollution exists in a particular industry, the interaction of demand and supply _______________________ will coordinate social costs and benefitsin the US the command-and-control environment laws of the early 1970's together with the ensuring amendments and updates that have been made to them over time, are given considerable credit for cleaner air and water in recent decadeswhile the US command-and-control environmental regulations initiated in the 1970s have been very effective at reducing pollution, some economists have difficultly with the legislation because it is full of fine print and exceptions, and costly for some firms to comply withwhich of the following characteristics relate to pollution charge a tax imposed on the quantity o pollution that a firm emitsthe property rights approach to environmental issues often becomes highly relevant in cases involving ______________ endangered speciesa beekeeper decides to locate her business on a plot of land that is between an apple orchard and an elementary school a negative externality that can result is the possibility of the bees stinging the students at the school_________________ give government the power to block certain mergers, and in some cases to break up large firms into smaller ones antitrust lawswhich of the following concerns would groups like the consumer federation of american and public knowledge most likely raise with regulators considering a merger application the merger would reduce competitionwhich of the following typically leads to two formerly separate for being under common ownership mergers and acquisitionsin the closing decades of the nineteenth century, many industries in the US economy were dominated by a single firm that had most of at the sales for the entire country in many cases these large firms were _________________ organized in the legal form of a trustthe US federal trade commission justifies their record of approval of most mergers by asserting that even though competition is diminished by consolidating two firms into one, mergers actually benefit competition and consumers by allowing firms to operate more efficientlywhat term is used to describe when regulators permit a regulated firm to cover its cost and to make a normal level of profit cost-plus regulationwhat is meant by regulatory capture when the firms supposedly being regulated end up playing a larger role in setting the regulations that they will followcurrently the approach to antitrust regulation involves detailed analysis pf specific markets and companieswhich of the following poses a difficult challenge for US competition policy natural monopolyfirms operating under cost-plus regulation have an incentive to generate high costs by building huge factories or employing lots of stuff because what they can charge is linked to the cost they incurwhat is meant by negative externality a situation where a third party, outside the transaction suffers from a market transaction by otherswhile the traditional approach of US government policies for environmental protection had had some level of success, some economists are proposing a change to a range of more flexible market-oriented pollution control policiesif you are highly asthmatic then having high levels of industrial air pollutants waft over your house everyday would be a negative externalityif a sell manufacture considers the cost of labor and materials as well as the broader cost of environmental injures resulting from its manufacturing process, it is factoring in the social cot of the pollution it generateswhy do US economists commonly refer to externalities as an example of market failure externalities present a case where markets only consider some social costswhich of the following would an economists identify as a difficulty relating to environmental command control regulations high degree of inflexibi

the overall quantity of a certain pollutant that will be allowedwith respect to the benefits of clean air and water which are of the following would most likely be classified as being relatively east to value in ecumenic terms gains in farming, fishing, and tourisma beekeeper decides to locate her business on a plot of land that is between an apple orchard and an elementary school a positive externality that can result is the bees helping to pollinate the orchard leading to more fruitif an industry is perfectly competitive or monopolistic competitive, then the government has relatively little reason for concern about the extent of competitionwhat role does the US government play with respect to market competition policing anticompetitive behavior and prohibiting contracts that restrict competitionwhich of he following has the power to allow a merger prohibit it or allow it if certain conditions are met department of justicewhat was created by the US government in 1914 to specifically define what types of C13Q039 federal trade commissionif the largest four firms in an industry controls less than half the market, their competitive concentration ratio would bot be considered particularly highwhich of the following characteristics relate to prove cap regulations when the regulator sets a price that a firm cannot exceed over the next few yearsbecause attempting to define a particular market can be difficult and controversial the federal trade commission has begun to look less at market share and more at the data on actual _______________ competition between businessesfor the past two years a cellphone manufacturer has been selling to a group of distractors who then sell the products to retailers to sell to the general public. the firm has now informed its distributors that each of them must sell the cellphones for a minimum price the manufactures has set. in these circumstances any resulting minimum resale price maintenance agreements will be legalsplitting up a the natural monopoly held by a public utility that produces and provides electricity would raise the average cost of production and force consumers to pay more Norway's government nationalized the country oil resources and it has been accumulating a massive sovereign wealth fund worth billions of dollars ever since. this sovereign wealth fund is used as monetary source for government funded national education and healthcare. this is because the wealth generates by nationalized industries is used to serve the citizens of the countrywhich of the following would most likely be identified as being the ultimate goal of public policies that pertain to technology to encourage a stream of invention that benefits the whole of societyif I'MSmart Co's research and development project succeeds then competitors may find a way to adapt and copy the underlying idea without incurring R&D costssome students done by economists have found that the original inventor receives _____________ from innovations, while other businesses new product users receive the rest of the benefits one-third to one-half of the total economic benefitshow does the cost of financial capital influence innovative research and development activities in a competitive market ar a low cost firms demand a large quantity as R&D projects will likely return a higher rateid a small electric automobile manufacturer is able to gain the social return generates by its electric motor its demand for financial capital would shift to the leftaccording to the textbook, which sector was the largest funding source (in $) to the US research and development expenditures in 2009 industryby 1900, average life expectancy in the US at birth was ___________. By the start of the twenty-first century, US life expectancy was 77 years 47 yearswhich of the following is the most appropriate response of public policy to a negative externality like pollution find ways to account for the social cost of the negative externality in economic decisionsif the government altered its invention patent from a monopolist policy to a competitive policy then consumers would benefit from the lower price and greater quantity solda complementary approach to supporting R&D that does not invoke the governments close scrutiny of particular R&D projects is to give firms a reduction in corporate taxes based on amount o R&D preformedmarket competition may sometimes encourage a firm to innovate out of fear because of the perception that they will inevitably fall behind other competitors seeking out innovations I'MAComputer Co. would likely be more willing to undertake an innovative research project to reduce the amount of electricity require to run its computers if there were some form of guarantee that if it succeeded it could sell the new computers as a monopoly for at least a few yearsin economic terms when I'MASoftware Co. invests in new technology innovations, postive externalities arisewhich of the following would be classified as a positive externality converting a derelict empty lot to a public vegetable gardenwhich if the following refers to a good where, when one person uses the good, others can also use it nonrivalrousfor a postive externality _______________ than the social benefits private benefits of an action are lessif a firms efforts to be technologically innovative will create a positive externality then that firm will likely have less incentive to innovate to the extent that the whole of society desireswhich of the following would some economists be likely to perceive as the most appropriate pubic policy response to a positive externality created by the development of a highly innovative new technology develop ways to provide a greater share of the social benefits to the innovatorbecause of the legal protection for intellectual property such as patents a firm has a better chance of recouping the costs of research if it pursues applied technological researchwhich of the following represents one of the methods that the government uses to promote technology protection of intellectual property


what are the chan

Chan ( ちゃん) is a diminutive suffix; it expresses that the speaker finds a person endearing. It is seemingly said to have come from a ""cute"" pronouncing of -san (in Japanese, replacing s sounds with ch sounds is seen as cute), although there is no evidence otherwise as this suffix has been used since the early days of ancient Japan.

Japanese honorifics

"From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedianavigation search This article is about titles and honorifics in Japan. For more on the implementation of honorifics in the Japanese language, see Honorific speech in Japanese. This article includes a list of references, but its sources remain unclear because it has insufficient inline citations. Please help to improve this article by introducing more precise citations. (December 2014) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message)The Japanese language makes use of honorific suffixes when referring to others in a conversation. These suffixes are attached to the end of names, and are often gender-neutral. Honorific suffixes also indicate the level of the speaker and referred individual's relationship and are often used alongside other components of Japanese honorific speech, called keigo (敬語). Contents [ hide ]1 Usage2 Translation3 Common honorifics3.1 San3.2 Sama3.3 Kun3.4 Chan3.4.1 Tan3.4.2 Bō3.5 Senpai and kōhai3.6 Sensei and hakase3.7 Shi4 Other titles4.1 Occupation-related titles4.2 For criminals and the accused4.3 For companies4.4 Dono/tono4.5 No kimi4.6 Ue4.7 Royal and official titles4.8 Martial arts titles4.8.1 Shōgō4.8.2 Other martial arts titles4.9 Other titles5 Euphonic suffixes and wordplay5.1 Baby talk variations6 Familial honorifics7 See also7.1 Other languages8 References9 Further reading10 External links Usage [ edit]Although honorifics are not part of the basic grammar of the Japanese language, they are a fundamental part of the sociolinguistics of Japanese, and proper use is essential to proficient and appropriate speech. Referring to oneself using an honorific, or dropping an honorific when it is required, is a serious faux pas, in either case coming across as clumsy or arrogant. [ citation needed]They can be applied to either the first or last name depending on which is given. In situations where both the first and last names are spoken, the suffix is attached to whichever comes last in the word order. An honorific is generally used when referring to the person one is talking to (one's interlocutor ), or when referring to an unrelated third party in speech. It is dropped, however, by some superiors, when referring to one's in-group, or in formal writing, and is never used to refer to oneself, except for dramatic effect, or some exceptional cases. Dropping the honorific suffix when referring to one's interlocutor, which is known as to yobisute ( 呼び捨て), implies a high degree of intimacy and is generally reserved for one's spouse, younger family members, social inferiors (as in a teacher addressing students in traditional arts), and very close friends. Within sports teams or among classmates, where the interlocutors approximately have the same age or seniority, it can be acceptable to use family names without honorifics. Some people of the younger generation, roughly born since 1970, prefer to be referred to without an honorific. However, dropping honorifics is a sign of informality even with casual acquaintances. When referring to a third person, honorifics are used except when referring to one's family members while talking to a non-family member, or when referring to a member of one's company while talking to a customer or someone from another company—this is the uchi–soto ( in-group /out group) distinction. Honorifics are not used to refer to oneself, except when trying to be arrogant ( ore-sama ), to be cute ( -chan ), or sometimes when talking to young children to teach them how to address the speaker. Use of honorifics is correlated with other forms of honorific speech in Japanese, such as use of the polite form ( -masu, desu) versus the plain form—using the plain form with a polite honorific ( -san, -sama) can be jarring, for instance. While these honorifics are solely used on proper nouns, these suffixes can turn common nouns into proper nouns when attached to the end of them. This can be seen on words such as 猫ちゃん (""neko-chan"") which turns the common noun neko (cat) into a proper noun which would refer solely to that particular cat, while adding the honorific -chan can also mean cute or small. Translation [ edit]When translating honorific suffixes into English, separate pronouns or adjectives must be used in order to convey characteristics to the person they are referencing as well. While some honorifics such as ""-san"" are very frequently used due to their gender neutrality and very simple definition of polite unfamiliarity, other honorifics such as ""-chan"" or ""-kun"" are more specific as to the context in which they must be used as well as the implications they give off when attached to a person's name. These implications can only be translated into English using either adjectives or adjective word phrases. Common honorifics [ edit]San [ edit]Endō-san tanjōbi omedetō (Happy birthday, Mr. Endō)San ( さん) (sometimes pronounced han ( はん) in Kansai dialect) is the most commonplace honorific and is a title of respect typically used between equals of any age. Although the closest analog in English are the honorifics ""Mr."", ""Miss"", ""Ms."", or ""Mrs."", -san is almost universally added to a person's name; ""-san"" can be used in formal and informal contexts and for any gender. Because it is the most common honorific, it is also the most often used to convert common nouns into proper ones, as seen below. San may be used in combination with workplace nouns, so a bookseller might be addressed or referred to as honya-san (""bookstore"" + san) and a butcher as nikuya-san (""butcher's shop"" + san ). San is sometimes used with company names. For example, the offices or shop of a company called Kojima Denki might be referred to as ""Kojima Denki-san"" by another nearby company. This may be seen on small maps often used in phone books and business cards in Japan, where the names of surrounding companies are written using san. San can be attached to the names of animals or even inanimate objects. For example, a pet rabbit might be called usagi-san, and fish used for cooking can be referred to as sakana-san, but both would be considered childish (akin to ""Mr. Fish"" or ""Mr. Fishy"" to equivalate in English) and would be avoided in formal speech. Married people often refer to their spouse with san. Due to -san being gender neutral and commonly used, it can be used to refer to people who are not close or whom one does not know. However, it may not be appropriate when using it on someone who is close or when it is clear that other honorifics should be used. Online, Japanese gamers often append a numeral 3 to another player's name to denote san [ citation needed] (e.g., Taro3 conveys Taro-san ), since the number three is also pronounced san. Sama [ edit]Okyaku-sama Sama ( 様【さま】) is a more respectful version for people of a higher rank than oneself, toward one's guests or customers (such as a sports venue announcer addressing members of the audience), and sometimes toward people one greatly admires. It is seemingly said to be the origin word for ""-san"" but there is no major evidence otherwise. Deities such as the native Shinto kami and the Christian God, are referred to as kami -sama, meaning ""Revered spirit -sama "". When used to refer to oneself, sama expresses extreme arrogance (or self-effacing irony), as in praising one's self to be of a higher rank, as with ore-sama ( 俺様, ""my esteemed self""). Sama customarily follows the addressee's name on postal packages and letters and in business email. Sama also appears in such set phrases as omachidō sama (""thank you for waiting"") or otsukare sama (""thank you for a good job""). With the exception of the Emperor of Japan, sama can be used to informally address the Empress and other members of the Imperial Family. The Emperor is, however, always addressed as Heika (Your Majesty). (See "" Royal and official titles "" below). Kun [ edit]Kun Kun ( 君【くん】) is generally used by people of senior status addressing or referring to those of junior status, by anyone addressing or it can be used when referring to men in general, male children or male teenagers, or among male friends. It can be used by males or females when addressing a male whom they are emotionally attached to or have known for a long time. Although it may seem rude in workplaces, the suffix is also used by juniors when referring to seniors in both academic situations and workplaces, more typically when the two people are associated. [ citation needed]Although kun is generally used for boys, it is not a hard rule. For example, kun can be used to name a close personal friend or family member of any gender. In business settings, young female employees are addressed as kun by older males of senior status. It can be used by male teachers addressing their female students. 'Kun' can mean different things depending on the gender. ""Kun"" for females is a more respectful name than calling them cute. Kun is not only used to address females formally; it can also be used for a very close friend or family member. Calling a female 'Kun' is not insulting, and can also mean that the person is respected, although that is not the normal implication. Rarely, sisters with the same name, such as 'Miku,' may be differentiated by calling one 'Miku~Chan' and the other 'Miku~San' or 'Sama,' and on some occasions 'Kun.' 'Chan' and 'Kun' occasionally mean similar things. General use of 'Kun' in females mean ""sweet and kind. ""In the National Diet (Legislature), the Speaker of the House uses kun when addressing Diet members and ministers. An exception was when Takako Doi was the Speaker of the lower house, where she used the title san. Chan [ edit]Chan Tan

In general, chan is used for babies, young children, friends, grandparents and adolescents. It may also be used towards cute animals, lovers, close friends, any youthful woman, or between friends. Using chan with a superior's name is considered to be condescending and rude. Although traditionally, honorifics are not applied to oneself, some people adopt the childish affectation of referring to themselves in the third person using chan (childish because it suggests that one has not learned to distinguish between names used for oneself and names used by others). For example, a young woman named Kanako might call herself Kanako-chan rather than using a first person pronoun. ""Chan"" is only used between people who have known each other for a long time or who are of the same gender. Otherwise, using this for someone, especially adults, only known for a short period of time, can be seen as offensive. Tan [ edit]Tan ( たん) is an even more cute [1] or affectionate variant of ""chan"". It evokes a small child's mispronunciation of that form of address, or baby talk – similar to how, for example, a speaker of English might use ""widdle"" instead of ""little"" when speaking to a baby. Moe anthropomorphisms are often labeled as ""-tan"", e.g., the commercial mascot Habanero-tan, the manga figure Afghanis-tan or the OS-tans representing operating systems. Bō [ edit]Bō ( 坊【ぼう】) is another diminutive that expresses endearment. Like ""chan"", it is used for babies or young children, but is exclusively used for boys instead of girls. Senpai and kōhai [ edit]Main article: Senpai and kōhai Senpai ( 先輩【せんぱい】) is used to address or refer to one's elder colleagues in a school, dojo, or sports club. So at school, the students in higher grades than oneself are senpai. Teachers are not senpai, but rather they are ""Sensei."" Neither are students of the same or lower grade: they are referred to as kōhai. In a business environment, those with more experience are senpai. Sensei and hakase [ edit]Sensei ( 先生【せんせい】) (literally meaning ""former-born"") is used to refer to or address teachers, doctors, politicians, lawyers, and other authority figures. It is used to show respect to someone who has achieved a certain level of mastery in an art form or some other skill, such as accomplished novelists, musicians, artists and martial artists. In Japanese martial arts, sensei typically refers to someone who is the head of a dojo. As with senpai, sensei can be used not only as a suffix, but also as a stand-alone title. The term is not generally used when addressing a person with very high academic expertise; the one used instead is hakase ( 博士【はかせ】) (lit. ""Doctor"" or "" Ph D ""). Sensei can be used fawningly, and it can also be employed sarcastically to ridicule such fawning. The Japanese media invoke it (rendered in katakana, akin to scare quotes or italics in English) to highlight the megalomania of those who allow themselves to be sycophantically addressed with the term. [ citation needed]Shi [ edit]氏Shi ( 氏【し】) is used in formal writing, and sometimes in very formal speech, for referring to a person who is unfamiliar to the speaker, typically a person known through publications whom the speaker has never actually met. For example, the shi title is common in the speech of newsreaders. It is preferred in legal documents, academic journals, and certain other formal written styles. Once a person's name has been used with shi, the person can be referred to with shi alone, without the name, as long as there is only one person being referred to. Other titles [ edit]Occupation-related titles [ edit]Main article: Corporate title § Japan and South Korea It is common to use a job title after someone's name, instead of using a general honorific. For example, an athlete ( 選手senshu) named Ichiro might be referred to as "" Ichiro-senshu "" rather than "" Ichiro-san "", and a master carpenter ( 棟梁 tōryō) named Suzuki might be referred to as "" Suzuki-tōryō "" rather than "" Suzuki-san "". In a business setting, it is common to refer to people using their rank, especially for positions of authority, such as department chief ( 部長 buchō) or company president ( 社長 shachō). Within one's own company or when speaking of another company, title + san is used, so a president is shachō-san. When speaking of one's own company to a customer or another company, the title is used by itself or attached to a name, so a department chief named Suzuki is referred to as Buchō or Suzuki- buchō. However, when referring to oneself, the title is used indirectly, as using it directly is perceived as arrogant. Thus, a department chief named Suzuki will introduce themselves as 部長の鈴木 Buchō - no -Suzuki, rather than ×鈴木部長 *Suzuki- buchō. For criminals and the accused [ edit]Convicted and suspected criminals were once referred to without any title, but now an effort is made to distinguish between suspects ( 容疑者 yōgisha), defendants ( 被告 hikoku), and convicts ( 受刑者 jukeisha), so as not to presume guilt before anything has been proven. These titles can be used by themselves or attached to names. However, although ""suspect"" and ""defendant"" began as neutral descriptions, they have become derogatory over time. When actor and musician Gorō Inagaki was arrested for a traffic accident in 2001, some media referred him with the newly made title menbā ( メンバー), originating from the English word member, to avoid use of yōgisha ( 容疑者, suspect). [ citation needed] But in addition to being criticized as an unnatural term, this title also became derogatory almost instantly—an example of euphemism treadmill. For companies [ edit]There are several different words for ""our company"" and ""your company"". ""Our company"" can be expressed with the humble heisha ( 弊社, ""clumsy/poor company"") or the neutral jisha ( 自社, ""our own company""), and ""your company"" can be expressed with the honorific kisha ( 貴社, ""noble company"", used in writing) or onsha ( 御社, ""honorable company"", used in speech). Additionally, the neutral tōsha ( 当社, ""this company"") can refer to either the speaker's or the listener's company. All of these titles are used by themselves, not attached to names. When mentioning a company's name, it is considered important to include its status depending on whether it is incorporated ( 株式会社 kabushikigaisha) or limited ( 有限会社 yūgen gaisha). These are often abbreviated as 株 and 有 respectively. Dono/tono [ edit]Tono ( 殿【との】), pronounced dono ( どの) when attached to a name, roughly means ""lord"" or ""master"". It does not equate noble status; rather it is a term akin to "" milord "" or French "" monseigneur "", and lies below sama in level of respect. This title is not commonly used in daily conversation, but it is still used in some types of written business correspondence, as well as on certificates and awards, and in written correspondence in tea ceremonies. It is/was also used to indicate that the person referred to has the same (high) rank as the referrer, yet commands respect from the speaker. No kimi [ edit]No kimi ( の君) is another suffix coming from Japanese history. It was used to denominate Lords and Ladies in the Court, especially during the Heian period. The most famous example is the Prince Hikaru Genji, protagonist of The Tale of Genji who was called ""Hikaru no Kimi "" (光の君). Nowadays, this suffix can be used as a metaphor for someone who behaves like a prince or princess from ancient times, but its use is very rare. Its main usage remains in historical dramas. This suffix also appears when addressing lovers in letters from a man to a woman, as in, ""Murasaki no kimi"" or ""My beloved Ms. Murasaki"". Ue [ edit]Ue ( 上) literally means ""above"", and denotes a high level of respect. While its use is no longer common, it is still seen in constructions like chichi-ue ( 父上), haha-ue ( 母上) and ane-ue ( 姉上), reverent terms for ""father"", ""mother"" and ""sister"" respectively. Receipts that do not require specification of the payer's name are often filled in with ue-sama. Royal and official titles [ edit]Heika ( 陛下) is used for sovereign royalty, similar to "" Majesty "" in English. For example, Tennō Heika ( 天皇陛下) means ""His Majesty the Emperor"", which is used to address the Emperor of Japan, and Kōgō Heika ( 皇后陛下) means ""Her Majesty the Empress"", used to address the Empress. Kokuō Heika ( 国王陛下) means ""His Majesty the King"", and Joō Heika ( 女王陛下) means ""Her Majesty the Queen"". Heika by itself can be used as a direct term of address, equivalent to ""Your Majesty"". Denka ( 殿下) is used for non-sovereign royalty, similar to "" Highness "". For example, Kako Naishinnō Denka ( 佳子内親王殿下, ""Her Imperial Highness, Princess Kako of Akishino ""), and Suwēden Ōkoku, Vikutoria Ōtaishi Denka ( スウェーデン王国ヴィクトリア王太子殿下, ""Her Royal Highness, Crown Princess Victoria of the Kingdom of Sweden ""). Denka can be used by itself, equivalent to ""Your Highness. ""Hidenka ( 妃殿下) is used for addressing the consort of a prince, and is used the same way as the other royal titles. Kakka ( 閣下) means "" Excellency "", and is used for heads of state (except those addressed by Heika or Denka ), heads of government including the Prime Minister of Japan, cabinet ministers, ambassadors and other high-rank officials such as the Secretary-General of the United Nations, or for generals in an army. It can be used by itself or attached to a specific title like other royal titles. Daitōryō ( 大統領) means ""President"", and is used for any national president, such as the President of the United States. It is most commonly attached to a name. For example, Trump-Daitōryō ( トランプ大統領 "" President Trump ""). Martial arts titles [ edit]See also: Japanese martial arts Martial artists often address their teachers as sensei. Junior and senior students are organized via a senpai/kōhai system. Also in some systems of karate, O-Sensei is the title of the (deceased) head of the style. This is how the founder of Aikido, Morihei Ueshiba is often referred to by practitioners of that art. The 'O' prefix itself, translating roughly as ""great [er]"" or ""major,"" is also an honorific. Various titles are also employed to refer to senior instructors. Which titles are used depends on the particular licensing organization. Shōgō [ edit]Shōgō ( 称号, ""title"", ""name"", ""degree"") are martial arts titles developed by the Dai Nippon Butoku Kai, [2] the Kokusai Budoin and the International Martial Arts Federation Europe. Many organizations in Japan award such titles upon a sincere study and dedication of Japanese martial arts. The below mentioned titles are awarded after observing a person's martial arts skills, his/her ability of teaching and understanding of martial arts and the most importantly as a role model and the perfection of one's character. Renshi ( 錬士 : れんし): Polished Instructor. (Skilled person or expert teacher) Awarded to 4th Dan and above. Kyōshi ( 教士 : きょうし) refers to an advanced teacher. (Senior Teacher/Expert). Awarded to 6th Dan and above. Hanshi ( 範士 : はんし) refers to a senior expert considered a ""teacher of teachers"". This title is used by many different arts for the top few instructors of that style, and is sometimes translated ""Grand Master"". Awarded to 8th Dan and above. Meijin ( 名人): awarded by a special board of examiners. Other martial arts titles [ edit]Oyakata ( 親方 : おやかた), master, especially a sumo coach. The literal sense is of someone in loco parentis. Also used by the Yakuza. In ancient times, it was also used by samurai to address the Daimyō they serve, as he was Oyakata-sama, the clan's don. Shihan ( 師範: しはん), merely means chief instructor; unlike the titles above it is not related to grade. Shidōin ( 指導員:しどういん), intermediate instructor, also unrelated to grade. Shishō ( 師匠: ししょう) is another title used for martial arts instructors. Zeki ( 関: ぜき), literally ""barrier"", used for sumo wrestlers in the top two divisions (sekitori). Levels of black belts sometimes used as martial arts titles Shodan – 1st dan Nidan – 2nd dan Sandan – 3rd dan Yodan – 4th dan Godan – 5th dan Rokudan – 6th dan Shichidan – 7th dan Hachidan – 8th dan Kudan – 9th dan Jūdan – 10th dan Other titles [ edit]Shinpu ( 神父: しんぷ), Orthodox or Catholic priest (lit. Godfather). A Catholic priest (shisai ( 司祭: しさい) (lit. minister of worship) receives this title. Bokushi ( 牧師: ぼくし), Protestant priest. This title is given to a Protestant priest (shisai ( 司祭: しさい)Euphonic suffixes and wordplay [ edit]In informal speech, some Japanese people may use contrived suffixes in place of normal honorifics. This is essentially a form of wordplay, with suffixes being chosen for their sound, or for friendly or scornful connotations. Although the range of such suffixes that might be coined is limitless, some have gained such widespread usage that the boundary between established honorifics and wordplay has become a little blurred. Examples of such suffixes include variations on chan (see below), bee (scornful), and rin (friendly). [3] Note that unlike a proper honorific, use of such suffixes is governed largely by how they sound in conjunction with a particular name, and on the effect the speaker is trying to achieve. Baby talk variations [ edit]Some honorifics have baby talk versions—mispronunciations stereotypically associated with small children and cuteness, and more frequently used in popular entertainment than in everyday speech. The baby talk version of sama is chama ( ちゃま). There are even baby talk versions of baby talk versions. Chan can be changed to tan ( たん), and less often, chama ( ちゃま) to tama ( たま). Familial honorifics [ edit]Words for family members have two different forms in Japanese. When referring to one's own family members while speaking to a non-family-member, neutral, descriptive nouns are used, such as haha (母) for ""mother"" and ani (兄) for ""older brother"". When addressing one's own family members or addressing or referring to someone else's family members, honorific forms are used. Using the suffix -san, as is most common, ""mother"" becomes okāsan (お母さん) and ""older brother"" becomes oniisan (お兄さん). The honorifics -chan and -sama may also be used instead of -san, to express a higher level of closeness or reverence, respectively. The general rule is that a younger family member (e.g., a young brother) addresses an older family member (e.g., a big brother) using an honorific form, while the older family member calls the younger one only by name. The honorific forms are: Otōsan (お父さん): father. The descriptive noun is chichi ( 父) . Ojisan (叔父さん／小父さん／伯父さん): uncle, or also ""middle-aged gentleman"". Ojiisan (お祖父さん／御爺さん／お爺さん／御祖父さん): grandfather, or also ""male senior-citizen"". Okāsan (お母さん): mother. The descriptive noun is haha ( 母) . Obasan (伯母さん／小母さん／叔母さん): aunt, or also ""middle-aged lady"". Obāsan (お祖母さん／御祖母さん／御婆さん／お婆さん): grandmother, or also ""female senior-citizen"". Oniisan (お兄さん): big brother, or also ""a young gentleman"". The descriptive noun is ani ( 兄). Onēsan (お姉さん): big sister, or also ""a young lady"". The descriptive noun is ane ( 姉). The initial o- (お) in these nouns is itself an honorific prefix. In more casual situations the speaker may omit this prefix but will keep the suffix. Niichan (兄ちゃん) or Niisan (兄さん): when a young sibling addresses his or her own ""big brother"". Nēchan (姉ちゃん) or Nēsan (姉さん): when a young sibling addresses his or her own ""big sister"". Kāsan (母さん): when a man addresses his own ""wife"" (the ""mother"" of their children). Tōsan (父さん): when a woman addresses her own ""husband"" (the ""father"" of their children)Bāchan (祖母ちゃん): when grandchildren address their ""grandma"". Jiichan (祖父ちゃん): when grandchildren address their ""grandpa"". See also [ edit]Aizuchi Honorific speech in Japanese Etiquette in Japan Japanese pronouns Zen ranks and hierarchy Other languages [ edit]T–V distinction, politeness differences more generally Chinese honorifics Chinese titles Korean honorifics References [ edit]^ Ashcraft, Brian (30 January 2013). ""Legendary Sega Consoles Turned into Colorful Anime Ladies"". Kotaku. Retrieved 30 January 2017.^ Patrick Mc Carthy. ""Dai Nippon Butokukai"". Retrieved 2007-08-25.^ Rin is thought to have been inspired by European girl's names like Katherine and Marilyn; [1]Akamatsu, Tsutomu. ""Honorific Particles in Japanese and Personal Monemes"". Cairn. Info 47 (2011)Hijirida, Kyoko, and Ho-Min Sohn. ""Cross‐cultural patterns of honorifics and sociolinguistic sensitivity to honorific variables: Evidence from English, Japanese, and Korean"". Francis&Taylor Online 19.3 (1986)Nakazato, Yuji. ""An Honorific Index for Japanese"". Pro Quest (1997)Obana, Yasuko. ""A Comparison of Honorifics in Japanese and English Languages"". Francis&Taylor Online 11.3 (1991)Shibamoto-Smith, Janet. ""Honorifics, Politeness, and Power in Japanese Political Debate"". Science Direct 43.15 (2011)Further reading [ edit]Poser, William J. (1990). ""Evidence for Foot Structure in Japanese"". Language 66.1.78–105. Reprinted in Natsuko Tsujimura (ed.) Japanese Linguistics: Critical Concepts in Linguistics. Oxford: Routledge, 2005, pp. 159–190. External links [ edit]Look up Category: Japanese suffixes in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. Wikimedia Commons has media related to Japanese honorifics. How to use Japanese suffixes Stason.org Japanese Dictionary with Hiragana, Katakana and Kanji virtual keyboards [ show]v t e Honorifics by language [ show]v t e Japanese language Categories: Japanese honorifics Japanese vocabulary Sociolinguistics "


how many calories in skyy vodka

SKYY Vodka No carbohydrates, no sugar, no fat and only 70 calories per 1oz serving. SKYY is made with Midwest grain, and our recipe is proprietary, however, our grain manufacturer certifies that the alcohol is gluten-free. SKYY Vodka is 80 Proof.

"Welcome to Reddit,the front page of the internet. Become a Redditorand subscribe to one of thousands of communities.×2Skyy Vodka (even the flavored ones) are keto friendly! ( self.keto)submitted 4 years ago by echopandora F 25 5'2 | SW: 275 (240ish Keto SW) | CW: 210 | GW 150I started keto a few weeks back, and when drinking socially, would usually default to rum and diet coke. Oh how I missed my flavored drinks! So this weekend, my roommate brought home some Skyy Vodka Blood Orange flavored, and after googling it for a good ten minutes, I found it to be carb free and had some. The next day I tested a few times on my ketostix (I'm paranoid), and sure enough, I was still in ketosis. It is listed to have zero carbs in all of their vodkas and made only with natural ingredients. Skyy does have a pretty wide range of flavors (coconut and pineapple, yay!) so if you are missing the flavored alcohols like I was, it is definitely worth checking out!12 comments share save hide reportall 12 commentssorted by: best Want to add to the discussion? Post a comment!Create an account [–] El Dude Bro 32/M/5'11"" | SW: 275 | CW: 270 | GW: 199 3 points 4 years ago I think most non-liqueur alcohols (vodka, gin, whisky, rum) are ""keto friendly"" to an extent, even the flavored ones as they're typically artificially flavored, so no real fruit or sugar is added - though I'm sure that there are exceptions. Alcohol does have calories though, about 70kcal/oz and will knock you out of ketosis temporarily because alcohol metabolism takes priority over other macros, therefore you'll be burning the alcohol in place of ketones. Alcohol will also compound the diuretic effects of keto and mess with your blood sugar - so you should be careful drinking on keto. Personally I enjoy whiskey and soda or whiskey on the rocks and as long as I don't drink too often and don't get drunk enough to think that nachos are a great idea it doesn't seem to bother me too much.permalink embed save [–] echopandora F 25 5'2 | SW: 275 (240ish Keto SW) | CW: 210 | GW 150 [ S] 1 point 4 years ago Haha, I have the same problem. If I drink too much, nachos, french fries, and all those other carbage foods sound like great ideas. As for drinking, I don't drink too much, just the occasion, but with summer and all those barbecues coming up, its good to know my options. :)permalink embed save parent [–] El Dude Bro 32/M/5'11"" | SW: 275 | CW: 270 | GW: 199 2 points 4 years agohaha, ""carbage"" - I'm taking that one!permalink embed save parent [–] El Dude Bro 32/M/5'11"" | SW: 275 | CW: 270 | GW: 199 2 points 4 years ago My absolute favorite summer drink is a mojito and it's surprisingly easy to make this somewhat low carb. From bottom to top:*A bit of erythritol or other crystalized sweetener at the bottom of the glass to aid in muddling the mint, this is optional. *Few sprigs of mint, muddle the hell out of it*Lime juice (either fresh, from a bottle, or true lime crystals)*Jigger of rum... okay maybe two*Soda water - optional*Liquid splenda to taste You're getting some carbs from the lime juice, and MAYBE the mint (haven't checked up on this), but not much - especially if you like em strong.permalink embed save parent [–] Jiu Jitsu Patricia 2 points 4 years agohow did you find the nutrition information? I've always had a hellova time trying to find hard facts about alchohal over the time.permalink embed save [–] talking_muffin cheeeeeeeeeese 2 points 4 years ago Also, check out www.getdrunknotfat.com !permalink embed save parent [–] echopandora F 25 5'2 | SW: 275 (240ish Keto SW) | CW: 210 | GW 150 [ S] 1 point 4 years ago I know the feeling. I made sure to find it on multiple websites before I drank it.http://www.livestrong.com/thedailyplate/nutrition-calories/food/skyy/infusions-vodka/http://www.myfitnesspal.com/nutrition-facts-calories/skyy-vodkahttp://www.fatsecret.com/Diary.aspx?pa=fjrd&rid=763971And although their website is flash based, this is in the metadata for it. SKYY Vodka has the fewest impurities among leading vodkas with zero carbs. And an email response on a gluten intolerance website brought this up -SKYY Line Nutrition Facts Panel Thanks for your question regarding SKYY's nutritional content. SKYY Vodkas offer consumers proven exceptional quality with 0 carbs, 0 fats, 0 preservatives and are gluten-free. For more information, go to www. SKYY.com/quality. SKYY Vodka has the fewest impurities among leading vodkas due to its 100% pure, filtered water, grains from the American Midwest, and state-of-the-art quadruple distillation and triple filtration technology.

No animal products go into the making of SKYY – either directly or indirectly. The charcoal used is derived from inorganic material and is completely removed prior to bottling. And no color is added. Cheers,The Team at Skyypermalink embed save parent [–] Jiu Jitsu Patricia 1 point 4 years agosweeet! I know what I'm picking up next time I'm out for a drink!permalink embed save parent [–] manduho 31/f 5'7 sw:298 cw:197 gw:170 2 points 4 years ago The flavored Absolut ones are zero as well, per absolut's sitepermalink embed save [–] wholebrazilnuts 2 points 4 years ago That's pretty helpful. Just remember that if your body has alcohol in it your body stop burning fat.permalink embed save [–] echopandora F 25 5'2 | SW: 275 (240ish Keto SW) | CW: 210 | GW 150 [ S] 1 point 4 years ago Yeah, drinking isn't an every day thing for me. Just from time to time at family functions and barbecues and the like.permalink embed save parent [–] wholebrazilnuts 2 points 4 years ago I've just started keto after a year of traveling around and spending the summer back home with all the pub gardens etc are going to be tricky!Thanks for the heads up!permalink embed save parent "


how much khloe gets paid per instagram post

Michael Heller, the CEO of digital-marketing firm Talent Resources – the company that arranges many of the reality-TV family's deals – told US Weekly that some companies have been known to pay up to $500,000 to get access to Kim Kardashian's 9.4 million Instagram followers, while sisters Khloé and Kourtney can earn up to $250,000 a post (they have 64.1 million and 54.3 million followers respectively).

This is how much the Kardashians get paid for one Instagram post

"By Sarah Karmali Mar 17, 2017 1.1k Getty Images You might want to consider spending more time honing your social-media skills after reading this. The Kardashian-Jenners are now considered such valuable influencers on Instagram that brands can pay six-figure sums to be featured in just one post.

kimkardashian Verified Follow Comment Save2,258,120 likeskimkardashian Palm Springs view all 11,845 comments13 months ago Instagram Younger sisters Kendall and Kylie Jenner boast 76.4 million and 89.1 million followers each, so it's perhaps safe to assume they earn something in the $400,000 region.kendalljenner Verified Follow Comment Save3,363,701 likeskendalljenner❤ view all 150,924 comments14 months ago Instagram The products they endorse – from weight-loss teas to waist trainers – ""sell out immediately"", explains Heller, so brands see it as a guaranteed return on investment. He adds that social-media posts now make up a significant portion of the Kardashians' wealth – ""about 25 per cent of their income"". Kim Kardashian also commonly uses social media to promote ventures in which she has equity, such as her range of ""kimojis"", or the Lu Mee phone case.kimkardashian Verified Follow Comment Save732,933 likeskimkardashian This is happening! The Lumee Black Duo is now in Apple Globally -Loving the back light! #lumeecollab #lumee_ambassadorview all 6,104 comments12 months ago Instagram Advertisement - Continue Reading Below Heller also iterated that the family only partner with brands that they actually like. ""They only endorse what aligns with their lifestyle,"" he said. ""They turn a lot down. ""But don't worry about being fooled by not realising a post is sponsored – these women are all pros and label their commercial partnerships accordingly (for the most part). To see which Instagram posts have been paid for, just look out for the tell-tale #ad, #spon or #collab.kimkardashian Verified Follow Click video for sound Video Comment Save639,407 likeskimkardashian #ad Excited to be partnering with @sugarbearhair to share their amazing hair vitamins with you! These chewable gummy vitamins are delicious and a favorite part of my hair care routine #sugarbearhairview all 15,084 comments19 months ago Instagramkyliejenner Verified Follow Comment Save1,475,851 likeskyliejenner Enjoying my @fitteawraps they're keeping my tummy toned & lean as it gets closer to summer ☀ @fitteawraps #adview all 107,421 comments13 months ago Instagramkhloekardashian Verified Follow Comment Save862,677 likeskhloekardashian #ad Watching my baby play and sipping on my favorite @proteinworld I take this meal replacement Slender Blend wherever I go!!! Step up to the 30 Day Challenge and get fitter mentally and physically #Protein World #PW30Day Challenge#PWCOLLABview all 4,260 comments13 months ago Instagramkimkardashian Verified Follow Comment Save1,152,791 likeskimkardashian #lumee_ambassador Have you guys seen the @Lumee Case Duo?!?! It launched at all Apple stores in December and has lights on the front & the back so you can take insane pics! It's a softer case now too! #obsessed #Lumee Collabview all 6,449 comments13 months ago Instagram Advertisement - Continue Reading Below Related Story Kim\'s nutritionist shares top dieting tips "


how serious is gestational hypertension

Your doctor will test your blood pressure throughout your pregnancy and may also have you monitor it at home. Your doctor will also check for other changes in your body. For example, protein in your urine could mean that you have gestational hypertension that is turning into a more serious condition, preeclampsia.

Gestational Hypertension: Can I Lower My Risk? In this Article Why Am I at Increased Risk? What Can I Do? Your doctor may have told you that you're at higher risk for gestational hypertension. This occurs when your blood pressure rises in the second half of your pregnancy. Blood pressure is high if it is greater than 130/80 mm Hg -- then the force of blood against your arteries is too great. And this can lead to more serious problems. Why are you at risk and what can you do about it? Why Am I at Increased Risk? Gestational hypertension is fairly common in pregnant women. You are at greater risk if you: Are having your first baby Are age 40 or older Are African-American Were overweight or obese before you became pregnant Are carrying more than one baby Continue Reading Belowyou might like What Can I Do? Although there isn't a way to prevent gestational hypertension, you can do everything in your power to keep yourself and your baby as healthy as possible throughout your pregnancy. Healthy lifestyle choices can help control your blood pressure. And if you work closely with your doctor, you may help catch any problems early. That gives you the best chance for a healthy outcome. See your doctor. As soon as you think you might be pregnant, see your doctor. And be sure to go to all your scheduled prenatal appointments. Discuss ways you can lessen problems from high blood pressure.

Take prenatal vitamins. Because a new person is growing inside you, you need more nutrients during pregnancy. According to some studies, two of these nutrients -- folic acid and calcium -- may lower your risk for gestational hypertension. Whether or not that's true, you should take a prenatal vitamin every day that contains these two nutrients, among others. This helps prevent birth defects and helps keep you and your baby healthy. Eat healthy foods. Make sure the foods you choose are nutritious. Try to put fruits, veggies, whole-grain breads, lean meats, and low-fat dairy products on your plate every day. Ask your doctor whether you should lower your salt intake. And learn what a healthy weight gain is for you during pregnancy.1 2 View All


how bicycle tire tubes are sized

Inspect the sidewall of the bicycle tire that needs a new tube. The sidewall is the area of the tire next to the rim on either side that does not touch the ground when the bike is in motion. The tire size will be printed there in raised numbers along with the recommended tire pressure and possibly other information.

How to Pick the Right Size Inner Tube for a Bike

"Related Articles How to Read Golf Cart Tire Size How to Size Bike Tires to the Rim How to Measure Dimensions for a Bicycle Tire Types of Bicycle Inner Tube Valves How to Measure a Mountain Bike Wheel in Inches How to Install a Bicycle Pump Side Clip A flat bike tire is an interruption at best and a disaster at worst. Unless your tire is heavily damaged, replacing the tube is usually all you need to get back on the bike path. You must know the diameter and width of the flat tire to select the appropriate replacement tube. Although mountain bikes have a standard 26-inch diameter, other types of bikes have different diameters, such as 27 inches or 700c. The widths also vary, even on mountain bike tires. Step 1

Alternatively, check the tube that needs replacing or your bike’s owner's manual for the information. The tire size notation will consist of the wheel diameter and the tube width separated by the letter ""x."" For example, 26 x 1.95 means that the wheel diameter is 26 inches and the tire width is 1.95 inches. Although mountain bike tires are 26 inches in diameter, you must still find the width. Step 2Choose a tube with the same diameter number and a range of widths into which your tire falls. In the previous example, a tube labeled 26 x 1.9-2.125 has the correct diameter of 26 inches. The width of your tire, 1.95 inches, falls within the range of the widths displayed on the tube package, or 1.9-2.125. This is the correct tube size for your bike. Step 3Learn what tubes will fit your tires if you can’t find the exact right size. Because the stated tire width is usually slightly larger than the actual tire and because the tube stretches, tubes close in width serve just as well. For example, choose a tube for a mountain bike if the width is within ¾ inch of the tire’s stated width. Use a tube within 3/8 inch of the stated width for road bikes. A tube with a close diameter measurement will also work. For example, a 700c tube can be substituted for a 27-inch tube and vice versa. Tip Always carry a spare tube of the correct size and a hand pump. It can mean the difference between continuing your ride or walking your bike home. Specialized bike bags that fit below the saddle carry your spare conveniently. Some bikers save weight by carrying a spare tube of the right diameter and the smallest possible width. If your bike tire goes flat and there is no obvious puncture, air may have just escaped through the tube over time as part of a natural process. Always reinflate the tire before replacing the tube to see if the tube is still intact. You may not need a new tube, especially if your bike has been sitting in one place for a while. References Bike Pro.com: Overview of Tubes Bicycle Tires.com: Bike Tubes How to Buy a Bike Tube (in Simple Pedal Queen Terms)REI: How to Fix a Flat Tire on Your Bike Sheldon Brown: Tire Sizing Systems About the Author Karren Doll Tolliver holds a Bachelor of English from Mississippi University for Women and a CELTA teaching certificate from Akcent Language School in Prague. Also a photographer, she records adventures by camera, combining photos with journals in her blogs. Her latest book, ""A Travel for Taste: Germany,"" was published in 2015. Photo Credits David Greedy/Getty Images Sport/Getty Images SHARESHARE TWEET EMAIL "

The numbers on the sidewall of you tyre are the best place to look for your tyre and tube size information. Most tyres will show both an ETRTO size and a Metric or Imperial size. See below images for examples of two of the most common tyre sizes. Mountain Bike 54-559 ETRTO or 26"" x 2.1""Road Bike 23-622 ETRTO or 700 x 23c

Which Tube Fits Your Bicycle or Wheel?

"Which Tube Fits Your Bicycle or Wheel? We stock the categories of tubes listed below. If you're unsure about what type of bicycle/wheel you have or the valve type please read further down this page. Children's bikes, folding bikes and BMXs10-24"" Children's Bicycle Inner Tubes20"" BMX Inner Tubes20/16"" Folding Bicycle Inner Tubes24"" MTB/Children's Bicycle Inner Tubes MTBs 24"", 26"", 27.5"" 29"", MTB & Commuter Bicycle Inner Tubes Road, racing touring and CX bikes 700c Road Bicycle Inner Tubes700c Touring & Commuter Bicycle Inner Tubes700c Cyclo Cross Bicycle Inner Tubes Other Wheelchair and Mobility Scooters Prams and Pushchairs Wheelbarrow, Sack Truck and Trailer Inner Tubes Motorbike, Scooter and Quad Bike Inner Tubes If you're unsure it's best to use the numbers on the side of your tyre to find your tube

Choose the Correct Valve Type. You should also make sure to choose the correct valve type. Read more about bicycle valve types here. What Do The Numbers Mean? Imperial and Metric Sizing26x2.1 and 700x23c in the example images above These are the sizes most people recognise and how inner tubes are named on Inner Tube Shop.com. The first number is the diameter and the second is the width of the tyre. However, they do not exactly represent the actual size of your tyre so can lead to confusion in a few cases as outlined further down this page. ETRTO Sizing54-559 and 23-622 in the example images above ETRTO sizing is a world-wide standard developed by the European Tyre and Rim Technical Organisation. This sizing method is much more accurate by exactly describing the tyre width and rim diameter in millimetres and ensures you are definitely getting the right size tyre or tube, but they aren't exactly catchy to remember!Which Sizing Method Should I Use? You can use either size method but on the whole metric and imperial sizing works fine especially for inner tubes as they are much more adaptable to various sizes, unlike tyres which are rigid in diameter and therefore must be matched to the rim size accurately. ETRTO sizing should be used for inner tubes and especially tyres if you have the following type of bike/wheel to avoid confusion: Traditional Touring Bikes Folding Bikes Older 3 Speed Bicycles650b Mountain Bike650c Aero/TT/Small Road wheels Wheelchair Motobility Scooter It's also worth noting that the exact rim diameter of 29"" MTBs is the same as standard road and touring wheels at 622mm so tyres and tubes can be used on both platforms. Note; wide mtb tyres should not be used on slender road rims for stability reasons and MTB Tyres may not fit in the frame of a road bicycle. A note about anti-puncture tape and tyres Many people these days are using tyres with a puncture protecting tape, either built into the tyre like the Schwalbe Plus and Continental Gatorskin ranges, or fitted afterwards like our Dr Sludge Anti-Puncture Tape. These protective layers take up some of the space inside the tyre so you should take between two and four millimetres (or 0.1 - 0.2"") off the stated width of the tyre when selecting which tube you need, depending on the thickness of the tape in your tyre. If you would like to know more about tyre sizing: The late Sheldon Brown amassed a huge amount of information about all things bicycle so to become a real expert visit Harris Cyclery's Tire Sizing Page where all his knowledge has been published. What If You Don't List My Size? Inner tubes by their nature expand and contract so sizing is more flexible than with tyres. Although we don't recommend it, if you cannot find an exact match in our sizes if the size you purchase is relatively close the tube will often fit anyway. Please remember that if choosing a tyre the rim diameter must be an exact fit. We welcome requests for range expansion so please let us know which new inner tubes sizes or other products you would like to see by using our contact form. Some extra items you might need...£2.49Cyclo Re-inforced Nylon Tyre Levers x 3£12.99Dr. Sludge 700c Sureride Anti-Puncture Tape Set "


vestibular hypofunction definition

Hypofunction refers to any weakness in the vestibular system. The vestibular system is a balance system and works in combination with other balance inputs from your feet and eyes. The vestibular system also contains a reflex from your ear to your eye called your vestibular-ocular reflex (VOR). The role of this reflex is to keep your vision stable when you move your head.

What is Vestibular Hypofunction

What is Vestibular Hypofunction Posted on August 3, 2011

Vestibular hypofunction is most often unilateral, referring to only one ear being affected, but can be bilateral which is much more debilitating. Symptoms are characterized by dizziness, vertigo, instability and balance problems. History of recent viral infection, upper respiratory infection or ear infection is very common. It may also be the result of head trauma, temporal bone fracture, acoustic neuroma, antibiotic use (gentimiacin) or unknown etiologies. In the beginning, you may experience constant symptoms and require a few days of bed rest. But over time, symptoms may only be aggravated by head movement, visually stimulating environments/activities, etc. This is because of impaired gaze stabilization (VOR). Walking in the dark and on uneven surfaces may also be difficult and unsafe. This is because you are unable to relay on your vestibular system for balance when other systems are compromised (vision and feet). It is important to take caution in these situations. Always turn on lights, avoid over stimulating tasks and surfaces you cannot safely negotiate. Treatment for Vestibular Hypofunction…Inner ear health is dependent on movement. Just like you would use a dumbbell to strengthen your bicep muscle, you use head and eye movement to strengthen your vestibular system. Of course, in the beginning of treatment you may be very motion sensitive. It is important to do prescribed exercises as tolerated and slowly increase the time, speed and amount of exercise. More is not necessarily better!Exercise goals are to promote inner ear adaptation and to challenge the balance component of the vestibular system. Exercise and its progressions will be tailored to your individual symptoms and needs. This entry was posted in APT Blog and tagged acoustic neuroma, balance, dizziness, eye, head trauma, hypofunction, inner ear, instability, motion, movement, reflex, symptoms, treatment, vertigo, vestibular by admin. Bookmark the permalink .


what does the word granite

ge. Granite is widely distributed throughout the continental crust of the Earth and is the most abundant basement rock that underlies the relatively thin sedimentary rock veneer of the continents.|Origin of granite|

What is Granite?

What is Granite?

Granite is a common and widely-occurring group of intrusive felsic igneous rocks that form at great depths and pressures under continents. Granite consists of orthoclase and plagioclase feldspars, quartz, hornblende, biotite, muscovite and minor accessory minerals such as magnetite, garnet, zircon and apatite.

Rarely, a pyroxene is present. Ordinary granite always carries a small amount of plagioclase, but when this is absent the rock is referred to as alkali granite. An increasing proportion of plagioclase feldspar causes granite to pass into granodiorite. A rock consisting of equal proportions of orthoclase and plagioclase plus quartz may be considered a quartz monzonite. A granite containing both muscovite and biotite micas is called a binary granite. The average density is 2.75 g/cm3 with a range of 1.74 to 2.80. The word granite comes from the Latin granum, a grain, in reference to the coarse-grained structure of such a crystalline rock.|Occurrence of granite|Granite occurs as relatively small, less than 100 km2 stock-like masses and as large batholiths often associated with orogenic mountain ranges and is frequently of great extent. Small dikes of granitic composition called aplites are associated with granite margins. In some locations very coarse-grained pegmatite masses occur with granite. Granite has been intruded into the crust of the Earth during all geologic periods, except perhaps the most recent; much of it is of Precambrian a

There are two theories for the origin of granite. The magmatic theory states that granite is derived by the crystal fractionation of magma. Thus granite bodies are the result of intrusion of liquid magma into the existing rocks. The granitization theory states that granite is formed in place by extreme metamorphism. There is evidence to support both theories, and both are useful to explain different observed features. The two may actually merge: as metamorphic conditions increase to the melting point of the metamorphosed granite, it will melt and become a liquid magma.|Uses of granite|Granite has been extensively used a dimension stone and as flooring tiles in public and commercial buildings and monuments.


what person is lord of the flies written in

ns. In Lord of the Flies, there are many characters, but the most noticeable ones are of course Ralph and Jack, along with a handful of others I will describe the role they play in the book and how they all show either good or evil.- Ralph - Ralph is definitely the novel's main character.

Analysis Of The Lord Of The Flies

"Analysis Of The Lord Of The Flies Print Reference this Published: 23rd March, 2015 Last Edited: 18th April, 2017Disclaimer: This essay has been submitted by a student. This is not an example of the work written by our professional essay writers. Any opinions, findings, conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of UK Essays. Throughout the novel Lord of the Flies, various views and motifs are portrayed. Of these views and motifs, the main message which is illustrated is one that questions society. It is clear from the very beginning that is a message conveyed in this novel. On the whole, Golding is portraying a good versus evil which are represented by Jack and Ralph. In Lord of the Flies a variety of ideas can be extracted on what the message Golding is trying to show. Golding wrote this novel in order to show the basic contrast of good and evil in society and how things can get out of hand if your primal urges are left uncontrolled. Throughout this novel, a great deal of contrasts are portrayed, one major one being good versus evil. To fully understand why Golding chose to write this book based on a good and bad motif, we have to look at the time period it was written in. During the time period this book was written in, the cold war was a major concern in everyday life. Golding, just as many other writers chose to write about the wrongs of communism in a subtle way, using children as a vehicle. In Lord of the Flies Golding uses Ralph, the leader of the tribe, to portray good and society (and probably democracy - with the conch, everyone had an opinion), Jack on the other hand represents evil and what can happen if let uncontrolled (and perhaps in a way communism). All through the novel, Jack and Ralph quarrel to see who gets control of the tribe. Eventually of course, evil wi

He is elected as leader of the group mainly because he is in possession of the conch shell. He shows the good that there can be on the world. He is committed to keeping to society and following the example which was set by the elders.- Jack - Jack is the character that co-exists with the main character. He is not elected as the leader of the tribe. This leaves him in a jealous rage which continues throughout the book. He illustrates the evil that exists in society and how people can get dragged into it, sometimes against their own will. Jack continually makes life difficult for Ralph and does not follow the right example.- Piggy - Piggy is the wise intellectual boy in the novel. He is introduced very early on along with Ralph. Piggy represents society's ""brains"" and his cries for order go unheard, just like they do in real life. He is good in the way he does nothing wrong, but too weak of word to do anything just.- Simon - Simon is perhaps the only really good person in the novel. By the way Golding describes his character, there seem to be no flaws in it. He represents the natural goodness in people, but he is to weak to do anything about the evil. There are a significant amount of props, or scenery used in the Book Lord of the Flies, many of them with a meaning. At the very start of the book we are introduced to a very important one which also has a sociological meaning to it. The Conch shell is used to summon the boys at the beginning and impresses many of them making them think of him as a natural leader. Seeing there is nothing left of the plane wreckage the conch shell is one of the only things they have which is linked to society and therefore becomes a powerful symbol of civilization. It is used throughout the book effectively by Ralph but when it is flattened it symbolizes the complete downfall of civilization and the loss of control. Another important symbol in the novel is the beast. It stands for the fear which all of the boys have and the savagery they all have. All of the boys, especially the littleuns are afraid of the beast but only Simon recognizes that the fear is within the boys themselves. Because the beast lies within the boys, more savage they act, the more apparent the beast is. The loss of power is one very remarkable problem Ralph seems to have from the very start. As soon as Jack comes into the scene, there is a sense of rebellion. Jack protests in some of the very first chapters that he should be leader instead, but it led to nothing. Ralph seems to be on top of things on the whole, but as soon as Jack started trying Ralph's leadership, things went on a downhill slope. In Lord of the Flies, something called Id and Superego are subconsciously integrated, forming a contrasted point of view. Id and Superego are a ideas of Sigmund Freud, a professor of psychology. Id is the primal urges you have, while your Superego is where you respond to what you think society expects of you. In the novel, these two types of personalities are both applied, leaving a very contrasted set of characters. The Superego in Lord of the Flies is definitely Piggy. He is the one who is always questioning whatever he or someone else is doing is right. He compares all of his experiences to what ""his auntie says"". Someone with a Superego usually is concerned with what society thinks of them, just like Piggy is afraid of other people judging him. The Id on the other hand is nearly the complete opposite of the Superego. In this book, Jack and his tribe exhibit the Id in every human being. His tribe follows what they like doing, or in other words their primal urges. This can mean hunting, feasting, killing etc. It is possible that Golding chose to show these two very different types of personalities on purpose, but without an answer, we are not quite sure. In the above I have explored just one of the dozens of arguments there are to make about Lord of the Flies. Good versus evil are both very clearly portrayed in this novel making it easy to distinguish which one is which. In the book, political views are subtly illustrated in the form of children, one Jack, one Ralph. In a mÐ¹lange with other characters, Golding created a modern day society on a small scale where good an evil exist simultaneously and in which the Id is let loose. "


what are assets when applying for food stamps

. Certain elderly/disabled households (with income over 200% of poverty guidelines) may have to provide asset information. Information on assets may also be required to prove monthly interest payments (which can be considered income) or to explain what a caseworker determines is “questionable information” (for example, applicants with no income and no outside support). What are Assets? Assets are things that you own. In the SNAP/Food Stamps Program some things count as assets and some things do not. Things that count are: Money that you have in cash or in checking or savings accounts Stocks Bonds Things that do not count are: Your house and belongings A burial plot

Does everyone need to provide asset information? Only some households need to provide asset information

Up to $1500 in a pre-paid funeral home account Any asset that you cannot change into cash A car


what jedi commands the arc troopers

src]During the Clone Wars, an ARC trooper served under the command of the Weequay Jedi General Sev. In the war's final year, the clone trooper accompanied Master Sev and his Padawan Joc Sah to the Outer Rimworld Ragmar V, which was considered a vital staging planet for a planned Republic attack on a Separatist base.

Sev's ARC trooper

"in: Legends articles, Wookieepedia good articles, Articles with conjectural titles, and 2 more Sev's ARC trooper Edit Share The title of this article is conjectural. Although this article is based on official information from the Star Wars Legends continuity, the actual name of this subject is pure conjecture. [Hide]Sev's ARC trooper Biographical information Homeworld Kamino [1]Physical description Species Human ( clone) [1]Gender Male [1]Height1.83 meters [1]Hair color Black [2]Eye color Brown [2]Skin color Tan [2]Chronological and political information Era (s)Rise of the Empire era [3]Affiliation (s)Galactic Republic [1]Grand Army of the Republic [1] [Source]"" Send a detachment down. Make sure he's eliminated. ""―The ARC trooper, to a clone, regarding Padawan Joc Sah, after killing Jedi Master Sev [

After Sev dispatched Sah to the planet's surface in order to secure a base for the Republic, the ARC trooper was commanded by Supreme Chancellor Palpatine to execute Order 66, a directive that branded all Jedi Knights as traitors to the Republic. The commando and the other soldiers immediately killed Sev, traveled down to the planet's surface, and attacked the village where Sah and the outcasts with whom he had formed an alliance were based. Contents [ show]Biography Edit"" Fire at will! ""―The ARC trooper instructs his forces to attack Sah, Gaan, and their allies [src]A clone of the Mandalorian bounty hunter Jango Fett, this clone trooper was bred on the world of Kamino. [1] He was among the one hundred clones who were personally trained by Fett as Advanced Recon Commandos to serve on behalf of the Galactic Republic. [4] When the Clone Wars were initiated in 22 BBY, [5] the ARC trooper served in the Grand Army of the Republic and was eventually placed under the command of the Jedi General Sev. [3]The ARC trooper commands his troops to attack Joc Sah, Gaan, and their allies. In 19 BBY, the war's final year, the ARC trooper traveled with Sev and his Padawan, Joc Sah, to the Outer Rim world Ragmar V, which the Republic viewed as an essential staging planet that was necessary for a planned assault on a Confederate base. The clone remained aboard Sev's Venator -class Star Destroyer as the Jedi Master dispatched Sah and a squad of soldiers to the planet's surface in order to secure a base for the Republic. Shortly after Sev's and Sah's conversation, the commando was contacted by Supreme Chancellor Palpatine, who instructed him to execute Order 66 —an order which labeled the Jedi Knights as traitors to the Republic—and to thus kill Sev. The ARC trooper and the other clones on the Star Destroyer's bridge attacked Sev and slew the Weequay Jedi Master. After Sev's demise, the ARC trooper went with a detachment of clones to the planet's surface and attacked the village where Sah and the settlement's leader, [3] Gaan, [6] were located. [3] The Jedi and the village leader ultimately survived the battle and proceeded to stage a number of hit-and-run attacks against the ARC trooper's forces. [7]Personality and traits Edit As an ARC trooper, the man was personally trained by Jango Fett and possessed the Mandalorian's ruthlessness and efficiency. He was trained to be self-sufficient, although he was not entirely independent. [8] Like most clone troopers, [1] the commando was bred to be utterly loyal to the Republic and to follow his orders from superior officers. The clone's loyalty to the Republic prompted him to execute Order 66 without hesitation, succeeding in eliminating Sev; the ARC trooper also made it a point to personally lead a detachment of soldiers in order to eliminate Joc Sah. [3]The ARC trooper wore a set of Phase II class armor adorned in yellow which was also worn with a blast dampening kama and rank-signifying pauldron. He used an E-11 blaster rifle during combat. [3]Behind the scenes Edit The ARC trooper was introduced in the short story The Order of Outcasts, which was one of four comics compiled in the fifth volume of the Star Wars: Clone Wars Adventures trade paperbacks. The character was created by Matt Jacobs and drawn by Matthew and Shawn Fillbach. [3] In 2008, Hasbro created an action figure of both the ARC trooper and Sev as part of the second wave of the Order 66 part of its 30th Anniversary Collection. [2]Appearances Edit"" The Order of Outcasts ""— Star Wars: Clone Wars Adventures Volume 5 (First appearance)Sources Edit Star Wars: 30th Anniversary Collection (Pack: Master Sev & ARC Trooper (Order 66))Notes and references Edit↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.7 Clone troopers in the Databank (content now obsolete; backup link)↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 Star Wars: 30th Anniversary Collection (Pack: Master Sev & ARC Trooper (Order 66))↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5 3.6 "" The Order of Outcasts ""— Star Wars: Clone Wars Adventures Volume 5↑ The Complete Star Wars Encyclopedia, Vol. I, p. 12-13 (""Advanced Reconnaissance Commando (ARC trooper)"")↑ Star Wars: Episode II Attack of the Clones↑ The Complete Star Wars Encyclopedia, Vol. I, p. 305 (""Gaan"")↑ The Complete Star Wars Encyclopedia, Vol. III, p. 123 (""Sah, Joc"")↑ The Clone Wars Campaign Guide In other languagesРусскийCategories: Legends articles Wookieepedia good articles Articles with conjectural titles Advanced Recon Commandos Unidentified military personnel Recent Wiki Activity T-series tactical droid Captainrexofthe501stlegion • 3 minutes ago Calderos Station Lewisr • 4 minutes ago Christophsis blockade Captainrexofthe501stlegion • 6 minutes ago List of future books Californiagirl94 • 11 minutes ago Help us grow Wookieepedia! Get Started "

He was drafted as a test pilot for the ARC-170 starfighters by Jedi General Plo Koon, and was with him at Cato Neimoidia when Order 66 was issued, prompting Jag to shoot down Koon. Commander Jet (CC-1993) served with Jedi General Ki-Adi-Mundi, and was part of a mission to reconquer Geonosis in 21 BBY.

Kaminoâs Finest: Captains and Commanders of the Clone Army

Characters + Histories // MARCH 1, 2016Kamino’s Finest: Captains and Commanders of the Clone Army They might all look the same, but their stories are very different. Unbeknownst to most of the galaxy, Jedi Master Sifo-Dyas ordered the creation of an army of clones for the Galactic Republic on Kamino. A decade later, the army would come to light, and Yoda deemed them worthy of aiding the Republic against the Separatist threat in what would become known as the Clone Wars. While the Jedi would command the clone troopers, the Grand Army of the Republic had ranks of its own. Let’s meet the captains and commanders that lead their troops into battle!Commander Appo (CC-1119) joined the troopers of the 501st Legion as a sergeant, and fought under Jedi General Pong Krell on Umbara. He later climbed up the ranks and became commander of the 501st. After Palpatine issued Order 66, Appo joined Darth Vader in his march on the Jedi Temple, killing all the remaining Jedi inside. Commander Bacara (CC-1138) was given command of the 21st Nova Corps, also known as the Galactic Marines. He fought alongside Jedi General Ki-Adi-Mundi in the final battle of Mygeeto during the Outer Rim Sieges, when Order 66 was issued. Together with his Marines, Bacara shot down Mundi. Commander Blackout was a member of the special stealth operations unit, which was given command of an experimental stealth ship. While initially sneaking supplies through the blockade around Christophsis, Blackout had to engage the command ship of Admiral Trench. Commander Blitz was an Advanced Recon Commando and part of Rancor Battalion. He was stationed on Kamino to oversee clone trooper training. Commander Bly (CC-5052) was assigned to the 327th Star Corps, working closely with Jedi General Aayla Secura on missions from Lurmen to Alzoc III. During the Outer Rim Sieges he was with Secura on Saleucami, and shot her in the back after Order 66 was issued. Commander Cody (CC-2224) was in command of the 212th Attack Battalion, and served with Jedi General Obi-Wan Kenobi. He fought on many battlefronts, including Christophsis, Teth, Ryloth and eventually Utapau. After Order 66 was issued, he ordered an AT-TE to fire on Kenobi, but failed to kill him. Commander Colt, like Blitz, was an Advanced Recon Commando in Rancor Battalion. He was stationed at the Tipoca City training grounds to select potential ARC candidates. Colt was killed by Asajj Ventress during the attack on Kamino. Commander Davijaan was a pilot in Flight Squad Seven, flying under the call sign “Odd Ball.” He flew several missions under Kenobi and Skywalker, and helped them reach the Invisible Hand during the Battle of Coruscant. Captain Deviss (CT-65/91-6210) was promoted to commander after the Battle of Altyr V, in which he risked his life to protect two injured soldiers. During Order 66 he was stationed with Jedi General Nem Bees on Orto, and personally shot the Jedi down. Commander Doom served under Jedi Generals Tiplar en Tiplee, and was fighting alongside them and the 501st on Ringo Vinda. He witnessed the unexpected shooting of Tup, killing Tiplar, before they had to retreat. Commander Fil (CC-3714) was assigned to Jedi General Nahdar Vebb, who had recently been promoted to Jedi Knight. He joined Vebb on a mission to Vassek in search for Nute Gunray, but was killed in the trap that General Grievous had laid for them on the moon. Commander Fox (CC-1010) was in command of the Coruscant Guard, and assisted Senator Amidala in the capture of Ziro the Hutt. He was later assigned to guard the Judiciary Detention Center, and participated in the chase for fugitive Jedi Ahsoka Tano. Commander Gree (CC-1004) commanded the 41st Elite Corps, and served with Jedi General Luminara Unduli. An expert of alien cultures, he saw action on many fronts from Rodia to Alzoc III, and eventually Kashyyyk. After Order 66 was issued, he was beheaded by Master Yoda before he could fulfill the order. Captain Gregor (CC-5576-39) was a commando that served in the 212th Attack Battalion. He suffered from amnesia after the defeat at Sarrish, and ended up on Abafar. He assisted D-Squad when they were stranded on the planet. Commander Havoc served with Colt and Blitz on Kamino, scouting for ARC talents on the Tipoca City training grounds. He was shot and killed during the Separatist attack on the city in 22 BBY. Captain Jai’galaar (CT-55/11-9009) was a pilot in the 127th Gunship Wing, who was demoted from Commander after the battle of Katraasii.

After some trouble they were able to destroy Poggle the Lesser’s main droid foundries. Captain Keeli served under Jedi General Ima-Gun Di, and was dispatched to Ryloth to aid Cham Syndulla and the resistance. Both he and Di were killed in action, allowing the Twi’leks to escape with food and medical supplies. Captain Lock (CC-4142) served in Horn Company under Jedi General Eeth Koth. In 21 BBY their ship Steadfast was attacked by Separatists, but Koth soon ordered Lock and his troops to retreat through the escape pods. Commander Monnk was a SCUBA trooper serving with Jedi General Kit Fisto. He was assigned to a mission to Dac during the civil war between the Mon Calamari and the Quarren. He ended up in a prison camp, but after aiding in the successful liberation of Dac. Commander Neyo (CC-8826) was an Advanced Recon Commando serving in the 91st Reconnaissance Corps. He was stationed on Saleucami with Jedi General Stass Allie during the final months of the Clone Wars, and shot her during a patrol after Order 66 was issued. Commander Ponds (CC-6454) was in command of Lightning Squad, and fought on multiple fronts from Ryloth to Malastare. While stationed on the Endurance on a respite, he was taken hostage by Boba Fett, and later executed by Aurra Sing. Captain Rex (CT-7567) served in the 501st Legion, and saw frontline action with Jedi General Anakin Skywalker from Christophsis to Onderon. He later relinquished command of the 501st and ended up living out the war with Gregor and Wolffe, the three having removed their Order 66 implants. Captain Silver was in command of one of the many Pelta -class frigates of the Republic. He rescued survivors from the explosion on board the Endurance, and transported them back to a medical station. Commander Stone (CC-5869) served in the Coruscant Guard, and was part of the diplomatic escort of Senator Kharrus to Florrum. They were lead into a trap by Hondo Ohnaka, but Stone managed to escape the planet with Skywalker and Kenobi. Commander Thire (CC-4477) was in charge of the shock troopers of the Coruscant Guard. In his early days he served with Jedi Master Yoda, as a lieutenant on a diplomatic mission to Rugosa. After Order 66 he lead his troops into the bowels of the Senate building, in search of that same Jedi Master that had saved his life on Rugosa. Commander Thorn served in the Coruscant Guard, and was detached to escort Senator Amidala to Scipio. An attack by Separatist troops left them with no reinforcements, and Thorn was killed by a commando droid. Commander Trauma was an Advance Recon Force trooper, serving with Jedi General Halsey. He fought alongside Halsey at Devaron’s Temple of Eedit, but their entire force was annihilated by Savage Opress. Commander Wolffe (CC-3636) was the leader of the 140th Battalion’s famed Wolfpack Squad, and served with Jedi General Plo Koon. He saw action on fronts as Khorm and Aleen, and was part of the mission that recovered the lightsaber of Sifo Dyas on the moon of Oba Diah. Captain Zak was serving on the ship that transported Jedi Master Yoda to meet King Katuunko on Rugosa, when they were ambushed by Separatist frigates. Yoda and his troops took an escape pod down to the moon, while Zak and his ship retreated. With Star Wars: The Clone Wars over, it might take us a while to encounter new clone commanders in the Star Wars universe. But we still have Rex, Wolffe, and Gregor in Star Wars Rebels . And who knows what might follow? Until then, “vode an”!Kevin Beentjes (Wild Whiphid) is a molecular biologist working at the Dutch natural history museum. He is an editor for Tee Kay-421, an administrator for Yodapedia, and fascinated with the myriad of alien life forms, in that galaxy far, far away. TAGS: star wars the clone wars


causes stomach bloating women

ing.1. Hormonal Fluctuations Many women complain of feeling bloated at specific times during their menstrual cycle; particularly at the time of ovulation and just before they begin menstruating. At both these stages of the cycle, the body’s hormone balance is disturbed due to changes in the womb’s environment.

10 Causes of Belly Bloat

A bloated belly implies a visibly distended abdomen which feels uncomfortably full and/or gaseous. It occurs in isolation from weight gain, such that even as body fat percentage remains the same, the bloated person feels, weighs and appears to be fatter. The causes for bloating may range from small and relatively unproblematic health issues to serious, potentially life-threatening conditions. Experts thus insist that anyone suffering from bloating on a very frequent, almost routine basis should not take it lightly. They should get themselves checked in order to ensure that something more serious does not underlie their swollen belly. These are some of the health issues are associated with bloat

Some of the hormonal fluctuations, primarily of estrogen and progesterone, lead to fluid retention in the body which becomes apparent as bloating of the belly. Doctors do not recommend any medication for such bloating and advice simple dietary and lifestyle changes to cope with it. Some herbal and natural remedies have been found to be very effective in providing relief from bloating as well.