when did the transformers cartoon series come out?

More than any other of the many media which Transformers have invaded in the past 30 years, it is The Transformers, the original cartoon that ran from 1984 to 1987, which captured the imagination of children and the young-at-heart worldwide.

The Transformers (cartoon)

"This article is about the cartoon series. For other uses of The Transformers, see Transformers (disambiguation). Generation 1 continuity family The Transformers »Toyline (North America)Toyline (Europe)Toylines (Japan)Toyline (China)Various Merchandise Cartoon Comics Books Video games Flyers Commercials“ ...we feel action should be emphasized over plot —especially avoiding any complicated story lines—to ensure the success of this series with its intended viewers. ”— Bryce Malek and Dick Robbins, Transformer s story editors, Marvel Productions internal correspondence [1]Red is the color of GOOD......while purple is the color of EVIL! !In space, no one can hear your trumpets go Dah-NUN NUN NUN NAHHHHHH!

Contents [ hide ]1 Overview2 Production3 Episodes3.1 Season 13.2 Season 23.3 Intermediate3.4 Season 33.5 Season 43.6 Season 53.7 Generation 23.8 The Sci-Fi Channel3.9 The Hub Network/Discovery Family4 Japanese release4.1 Fight! Super Robot Lifeform Transformers4.1.1 Scramble City4.2 Fight! Super Robot Lifeform Transformers 20104.2.1 Transformers: The Rebirth5 Home video releases6 Notes7 External links8 References Overview Depleted of energy... aside from the power source that lights up the entire core of the planet. The cartoon (along with the Marvel comics) set up the basic story of Transformers that most other incarnations were to follow: two warring factions of robots on the planet Cybertron leave in search of resources. The factions crash-land on Earth and, millions of years later, begin their battle anew in Reagan-era America and across the globe. Once established, the cartoon rarely took any steps to upset its status quo. Plots generally centered on a Decepticon plot or invention of the week, which would be used to gather energy or Defeat The Autobots FOREVER! !, and the Autobots' efforts to stop the plan. Most of the time the Decepticons were forced into retreat, and the Autobots drove off victorious. At most, a new character or team was added to one side or the other. Plots became a bit less formulaic during Season 3, though character death and true plot upheaval remained a rarity. Through its 98-episode run, this series took viewers around the globe and to many strange places and times: across the alien Cybertron, the Earth's prehistoric past, the Earth's then-future of 2005, the Metropolis -like society of Nebulos, and more. It is not the best animated series ever to air, but it stimulated viewers with its concept at the time, and continued to do so in the years to come. Production The Decepticon undersea base. Note that it is neither pineapple, rock, nor tiki head. Writing and distribution for The Transformers were handled as a joint effort by Marvel Productions and Sunbow Productions. Animation was produced overseas by a number of major studios: Toei (68 episodes), AKOM (20 episodes), and several unknown studio or studio s (10 episodes) Additional contract services (such as additional animation, photography, effects and finalization) were sub-contracted to numerous other studios, including: Dai Won Animation Co., Sam Young Studio, Sei Young Animation Co. Ltd., Trans Arts Co., Anime R, Nakamura Production and ( supposedly) Tokyo Movie Shinsha . Nobody on Earth noticed this for millions of years. The original 30 or so characters were heavily modified from their toy designs for aesthetics and ease of animation. Among the artists involved in the original designs are Shōhei Kohara and Floro Dery. Other known production artists include Dell Barras, who worked on second season backgrounds. Story editors for the series included Dick Robbins, Bryce Malek, Flint Dille, Marv Wolfman, and Steve Gerber. Episode scripts were written by a large array of freelance writers. Writers notable for writing numerous episodes include Donald F. Glut and David Wise . The series was animated on an enormously rushed schedule, due to the need to get episodes on the air in sync with the toys appearing on shelves. That, combined with the vast number of characters and the difficulties involved with the overseas animation process, resulted in a cartoon that is notoriously riddled with animation errors and other mistakes. The producers were often aware of these mistakes, but tight deadlines left no time to correct them. Another byproduct of the rushed production is that the show tends not to be very self-referential. Continuity between episodes is minimal, with most acting as self-contained, standalone stories, though a few Season Two and Season Three stories did build on previous episodes. Within each season, the addition of new characters is the only common change to the status quo. My toy's so great, I bought one myself!Mistakes or not, the show is fondly remembered by many fans for the high quality of its voice acting. Indeed, many characters, lacking any significant plot developments or screen time, were brought to life solely by their unique voices and inflection styles. Voice direction for the series was provided by Wally Burr, notorious for driving his performers to the limit. One of the performers in his stable, Susan Blu, would later go on to work as voice director for Beast Wars, Beast Machines, Transformers Animated and briefly Transformers: Prime . The sinister voice of Victor Caroli provided narration for the entire series, most commonly heard on the commercial bumpers: ""The Transformers will return after these messages!"" Caroli's voice also provided occasional introductory narration, recap segments for multi-part episodes, and the Secret Files of Teletraan II segments which ran before the credits of Season 3. Looks safer than flying United. In addition to the show's iconic theme song, Transformers featured a great variety of background music, composed by Robert J. Walsh. Walsh had previously worked on the G. I. Joe cartoon, and many of those pieces were reused for Transformers. New pieces were composed as well, many incorporating the melody of the show's theme song. Walsh composed new music for 2nd and 3rd seasons, each in a different style, further distinguishing the three main seasons from one another. The show also originated the concept of the iconic "" symbol flip "" serving as a transition between scenes, a tradition carried on by some of the later series. Episodes For further information, see: List of The Transformers episodes These episodes are listed in ""production order"", the order in which the episodes were actually approved and written, rather than the order in which they aired on television. In a few instances, this means that episodes are not in the correct chronological story order, the specifics of which are noted in their own articles. Arranging the episodes in airdate order would not solve this problem, and so, as fans have done for as long as there have been Transformers episode guides on the internet, TFWIKI. Net adheres to production order, in preference to simply making up a chronological order of our own (any attempt at which would be arguable at best). The different DVD companies which have released the series down the years have at times presented the episodes of each season in a different order that adheres to neither production nor airdate, sometimes to improve any chronology errors evident in the production order, and other times for no apparent reason. No two English-language DVD releases of the series by different companies have placed all 98 episodes in the same order. Metrodome stuck closest to production order, only making changes for chronology reasons (and sometimes not even then), while other licensees have strayed from this order to varying degrees. Season 1 has consistently avoided reorganization (as production order is actually the correct story order), but Season 3 is a victim of continuous restructuring that sees its episodes presented in a wildly different order with each release. Season 1Remember those dinosaur guys? Man, they were awesome. The first season is primarily set on Earth, with a few excursions to Cybertron. It started with the 1984 toys as its characters (with some exceptions ), and introduced the early wave of 1985 toys as it progressed—the Constructicons, Dinobots, Insecticons, and Skyfire . The first 3 episodes were promoted as a miniseries, airing across three consecutive weekdays. A proper 13-episode season then began broadcasting on a weekly basis, usually on Saturday mornings, the following month. While the 3-episode miniseries and the 13-episode season one are typically combined as a single 16-episode season, production companies such as Toei catalog the two separately. [1]"" More than Meets the Eye, Part 1 """" More than Meets the Eye, Part 2 """" More than Meets the Eye, Part 3 """" Transport to Oblivion """" Roll for It """" Divide and Conquer """" Fire in the Sky """" S. O. S. Dinobots """" Fire on the Mountain """" War of the Dinobots """" The Ultimate Doom, Part 1 """" The Ultimate Doom, Part 2 """" The Ultimate Doom, Part 3 """" Countdown to Extinction """" A Plague of Insecticons """" Heavy Metal War ""Season 2I liked the one with the guy. Didn't they make Optimus Prime play soccer or something once? Man, that was dumb. At 49 episodes, the second season of The Transformers was rather substantial in length. The seemingly random number of 49 was not quite so random, though, as 65 episodes are the minimum requirement for a cartoon series to qualify for syndication status. (And 16 + 49 = 65) [2] In addition to these 49 episodes, a series of 5 public service announcements were animated, presumably to accompany the episodes. For whatever reason, these PSAs were never broadcast and the episodes aired without the burden of trying to teach you anything. The second season greatly expanded the cartoon's scope and cast. This season tends to feature more character-driven episodes than the first, with many characters getting their own ""spotlight"" episode. It also features a recurring theme of the Autobots assimilating Earth culture, such as playing basketball and football and even watching a soap opera. Excursions to alien civilizations popped up occasionally as well (not to mention time travel, miniaturization, and battles against undersea creatures). The second season also saw the introduction of concepts and characters that would spread out to other segments of the franchise, including the mystic Alpha Trion, the ancient Vector Sigma supercomputer and its circuit key, not to mention the first appearance of Female Transformers within official fiction. This season also marked a move from weekly airings (usually on Saturday mornings) to syndicated weekday broadcasts, airing Monday through Friday, either in the morning or afternoon. Some markets also scheduled it in conjunction with daily episodes of G. I. Joe: A Real American Hero (like WPIX in New York). Season Two breaks down very roughly into three segments: The first thirteen episodes feature (primarily) the Season One cast. A large second batch of episodes brings in the remainder of the 1985 toys. The final ten episodes introduce the four combiner teams that formed the early entries in the 1986 line."" Autobot Spike """" Changing Gears """" City of Steel """" Attack of the Autobots """" Traitor """" The Immobilizer """" The Autobot Run """" Atlantis, Arise! """" Day of the Machines """" Enter the Nightbird """" A Prime Problem """" The Core """" The Insecticon Syndrome """" Dinobot Island, Part 1 """" Dinobot Island, Part 2 """" The Master Builders """" Auto Berserk """" Microbots """" Megatron's Master Plan, Part 1 """" Megatron's Master Plan, Part 2 """" Desertion of the Dinobots, Part 1 """" Desertion of the Dinobots, Part 2 """" Blaster Blues """" A Decepticon Raider in King Arthur's Court """" The Golden Lagoon """" The God Gambit """" Make Tracks """" Child's Play """" Quest for Survival """" The Secret of Omega Supreme """" The Gambler """" Kremzeek! """" Sea Change """" Triple Takeover """" Prime Target """" Auto-Bop """" The Search for Alpha Trion """" The Girl Who Loved Powerglide """" Hoist Goes Hollywood """" The Key to Vector Sigma, Part 1 """" The Key to Vector Sigma, Part 2 """" Aerial Assault """" War Dawn """" Trans-Europe Express """" Cosmic Rust """" Starscream's Brigade """" The Revenge of Bruticus """" Masquerade """" B. O. T. ""Intermediate Then they like, killed him in the movie. Man, that was awesome. The Transformers: The Movie is in continuity with the cartoon series, occurring 20 years after the end of Season 2 (in the then-futuristic year of 2005). It was the single biggest turning point for the series, and remains controversial. The movie saw the introductions of Unicron, the Quintessons, and the Matrix of Leadership, all of which would play important roles in Season 3. It made radical changes to the show's cast, killing off many characters and introducing new ones—a shock to young viewers who were used to their heroes driving off into the sunset at the end of every adventure. Despite its unconventional place in the cartoon canon, it remains the best-known representation of the cartoon series among fans. Season 3They didn't make any more cartoons after the movie. Yeah, the movie totally killed Transformers. Season 3 transformed the whole premise of the show. Gone were the two teams stranded on Earth, along with many of the characters that composed those teams. In their place was a galaxy-spanning tale of battles on alien worlds. With the Autobots in firm control of Cybertron, the Decepticons, though still a threat, were somewhat reduced as villains; new enemies in the form of the Quintessons were introduced. Plots often centered on the ultra-powerful city-bots, Metroplex and Trypticon. Season 3 has a mixed reputation. It contains some of the most mistake-laden episodes of the entire franchise (""Five Faces of Darkness"", ""Carnage in C Minor"", the title sequence at right) most of which can be laid at the feet of AKOM. But some of its episodes are among the best as well, both in animation and scripting; ""Dark Awakening"", ""Chaos"", ""Webworld"", and ""Dweller in the Depths"" are all heavy fan favorites. Late in Season 3, as in Season 2, the forerunners of the 1987 toy line were introduced: the Terrorcons, Technobots, and Throttlebots, and (very briefly) the cassettes Slugfest and Overkill. The season concluded with the resurrection of Optimus Prime, spurred on by a massive campaign on the part of fans, who were displeased by his death and subsequent ""evil"" resurrection."" Five Faces of Darkness, Part 1 """" Five Faces of Darkness, Part 2 """" Five Faces of Darkness, Part 3 """" Five Faces of Darkness, Part 4 """" Five Faces of Darkness, Part 5 """" The Killing Jar """" Chaos """" Dark Awakening """" Forever Is a Long Time Coming """" Starscream's Ghost """" Thief in the Night """" Surprise Party """" Madman's Paradise """" Nightmare Planet """" Ghost in the Machine """" Webworld """" Carnage in C-Minor """" The Quintesson Journal """" The Ultimate Weapon """" The Big Broadcast of 2006 """" Fight or Flee """" The Dweller in the Depths """" Only Human """" Grimlock's New Brain """" Money Is Everything """" Call of the Primitives """" The Face of the Nijika """" The Burden Hardest to Bear """" The Return of Optimus Prime, Part 1 """" The Return of Optimus Prime, Part 2 ""Season 4They kept making the toys? But weren't those like, the ones that couldn't transform or something? According to David Wise, he was contacted by Sunbow Productions to write a five -part series finale which would introduce a deluge of new characters while simultaneously tying up the series. Shortly after Wise completed the five-episode outline, however, a budget cutback reduced it to a three -parter. This created a massive headache for the writer, who did the math and claimed that they'd be introducing a new character just about every 28 or 90 seconds. [3] Dan Gilvezan also expressed his confusion at the truncated season, as 98 episodes didn't fit into a syndicated weekday broadcast schedule (which needed to be divisible by 5). [4]In the end, 25 brand new Transformers and 21 Nebulans, that's 46 new characters in all, were introduced across these final three episodes. Well, that's assuming you count Fortress Maximus and Scorponok as separate characters from Cerebros and Zarak ... and Punch and Counterpunch as one guy. While the previous three seasons each featured fully original title sequences, season 4's title sequence was more economically cobbled together. By combining animation taken from toy commercials (produced by Toei) and animation from the season 3 title sequence (produced by AKOM ), they crafted a ""new"" title sequence (which used the season 3 rendition of the theme song). A clever ploy, though the difference in animation quality and art style between segments produced by Toei and AKOM leads to the footage blending rather poorly."" The Rebirth, Part 1 """" The Rebirth, Part 2 """" The Rebirth, Part 3 ""Season 5Man, I wish they'd made a fifth season. It would've been awesome. Season 5 did not feature any new episodes, but rather consisted of 15 episodes from the previous seasons and The Transformers: The Movie broken up into five episodes, for a total of 20 episodes. A music video for "" The Touch "" was also used to fill time. In addition to a new title sequence and new commercial bumpers, new bookending segments were added to each episode. These segments featured an animatronic/stop-motion puppet of Powermaster Optimus Prime meeting regularly with a live-action human named Tommy Kennedy to tell him old Transformers stories. While the stories were old, the bookending segments took place in a contemporary time with Optimus regularly name dropping characters who never appeared in the older episodes, but were currently available on store shelves. Production of the segments fell under Tim Speidel, a producer for Griffin Bacal (the New York-based advertising company which co-developed The Transformers ). [5] The Optimus Prime puppet was operated by Marty Robinson, a famous puppeteer best known for his work on Sesame Street. Filming of these segments was completed in one week during June, 1988 at Silver Cup Studios in Queens, New York. Powermaster Optimus Prime was made of wood and very fragile in certain areas, requiring actor Jason Jansen to watch his step while filming. Apparently, at one point a camera rig fell over onto the wooden Optimus Prime hand right where Jansen would have been sitting if he hadn't been eating a bagel at the craft services table. A crane operator who was strapped to the camera wasn't so fortunate and ""rode"" the falling equipment down for 40 feet. [6]"" More than Meets the Eye, Part 1 """" More than Meets the Eye, Part 2 """" More than Meets the Eye, Part 3 ""The Transformers: The Movie (Day One)The Transformers: The Movie (Day Two)The Transformers: The Movie (Day Three)The Transformers: The Movie (Day Four)The Transformers: The Movie (Day Five)"" Five Faces of Darkness, Part 1 """" Five Faces of Darkness, Part 2 """" Five Faces of Darkness, Part 3 """" Five Faces of Darkness, Part 4 """" Five Faces of Darkness, Part 5 """" Surprise Party """" Dark Awakening """" The Return of Optimus Prime, Part 1 """" The Return of Optimus Prime, Part 2 """" The Rebirth, Part 1 """" The Rebirth, Part 2 """" The Rebirth, Part 3 ""Generation 2The reason G2 sucked is they didn't even have a show. There was like, nothing on. Between 1993 and 1995, a total of 52 select episodes of The Transformers were repackaged as a new program: The Transformers: Generation 2. The episodes featured new transitioning segments via the Cybernet Space Cube as well as a new title sequence. For more information: See: Transformers: Generation 2The Sci-Fi Channel They totally never showed the old episodes on TV again after G1. From 1995 to 1997, the Sci-Fi Channel began airing reruns of The Transformers on their early morning cartoon programming blocks, Cartoon Quest and Animation Station. These broadcasts used a unique version of the title sequence, which featured the season 2 animation set to the season 3 rendition of the theme song . Unfortunately, due to longer commercial slots and/or shorter show times, the decision was made to edit the cartoon down. Sometimes this was done in a comparatively harmless fashion, but other times the flow of scenes and even the plot suffered. In one of the most notorious edits, two lines from Grapple and Inferno in "" Masquerade "" ended up smooshed into a single nonsensical jumble: ""Time to add fire torobably hate myself in the morning, but—""The Hub Network/Discovery Family Nope. Definitely never showed the old episodes again. Beginning in October 2010, The Transformers made its return to American television via The Hub Network, a cable network jointly owned by Hasbro. The Transformers episodes were aired uncut and unaltered for the first time since their original broadcast. However, for scheduling and advertising purposes, the series was rebranded The Transformers: Generation 1. This kept it from potentially getting confused with the many other Transformers cartoons which were airing simultaneously on the network. Despite this, nothing was done to alter the opening credits, which still say The Transformers . Incidentally, it also means that exactly the same episodes of The Transformers have been rebranded as ""Generation 1"" and ""Generation 2""... and in reverse order, at that. The Transformers aired on the Huboom! programming block in all its various forms (changing hosts, time slots and theme every couple of years). New commercial segments frequently reworked animation from old episodes of The Transformers, combining them with new voice overs (often from the original cast) to create humorous situations. Lo and behold, we now have Megatron bickering with Cobra Commander . In October 2014, The Hub Network was replaced with Discovery Family and reruns were moved to the early-morning slot, as Discovery Communications began programming evenings on the channel. At the beginning of 2017, however, the series was removed from the lineup entirely. Japanese release In Japan, The Transformers was broken apart into 2 separately branded shows: Fight! Super Robot Lifeform Transformers Fight! Super Robot Lifeform Transformers (戦え! 超ロボット生命体 トランスフォーマー, Tatakae! Chō Robotto Seimeitai Transformers) began airing in 1985, consisting of the North American season 1 and 2 episodes. Although 2 episodes out of the original 65 were cut ("" Attack of the Autobots "" and "" Day of the Machines ""), an additional 9 clip shows were created, composed entirely of re-used footage taken from various episodes, bringing the total number of Fight! Super Robot Lifeform Transformers episodes to 72. The 2 missing episodes were later dubbed in 1990 and released straight-to-video, then retroactively added to the series episode list, boosting its official count to 74 episodes. The additional clip shows are as follows:14. "" Birth of the Transformers! ""55. "" War Without End ""56. "" Desperate Battle on Dinobot Island ""57. "" Devastator, the Giant Warrior ""58. "" Neverending Struggle ""69. "" Earth's Greatest Crisis ""70. "" Seek the Cybertonium ""71. "" Stunticons vs Aerialbots ""72. "" Mutiny of the Combaticons ""The broadcast order of the series was significantly reworked, with most of the episodes featuring Skyfire being pushed to the end of the run (presumably owing the character's shaky status as a Bandai toy in Japan). Contrary to what would be sensible, this did not involve correcting any of the chronological errors present in the original order; in fact, it even created some new ones. The pack-in booklet included with the Laser Disc and DVD sets from Pioneer feature a ""narrative viewing order"" list. Perhaps most notoriously, the episodes were edited before their broadcast in Japan. These edits were made not for content, but for length so that the show could accommodate longer opening and ending sequences. The combined length of the U. S. opening and ending sequences was about 1 minute and 10 seconds. The combined length of the Japanese opening and ending sequences, however, was about 2 minutes and 20 seconds. This resulted in roughly 1 minute and 10 seconds of content being cut from every single episode. The translation in terms of script and story was faithful in regards to the original English version (the same cannot be said of the translations of Beast Wars and onward). However, the dub was at times rushed and had its own unique errors, primarily in terms of matching the right voices and names to the characters on screen. Some examples of character identification mistakes include "" More than Meets the Eye, Part 3 "", in which it is Thundercracker who requests permission to teleport and attack Ironhide, and "" Divide and Conquer "", where Starscream voices the teleporting Seeker rather than Skywarp (as a result, to Japanese viewers, it appears as though teleportation is a trait inherent in all Seekers and not just Skywarp). One of the worse examples would come in "" The Master Builders "", as Megatron orders Blitzwing into battle, though the jet is clearly Ramjet (Ramjet is even dubbed with Blitzwing's voice). It is entirely possible that the translation for the series was done using preliminary scripts rather than the finished versions, resulting in the additional errors. The Japanese dub began airing 8 months after the American broadcast of the series and very quickly caught up with the United States. As a matter of fact, the episodes "" Autobot Spike "" and "" Changing Gears "" premiered in Japan several weeks before they aired in the US! Other evidence indicating translation was made from draft scripts can be seen in "" Trans-Europe Express "", where the Pearl of Bahoudin is referred to as the ""Pearl of Jehuddin"", the name it carried in preliminary scripts but changed for the final version. Although primary characters such as Megatron, Optimus Prime, Bumblebee, etc., had consistent actors, the dub was extremely loose in terms of casting its secondary characters. Bluestreak, for example, had no less than seven different actors portray him over the course of the series (though Kōki Kataoka is typically credited as his ""standard"" voice actor). By the looks of things, if a secondary character only received one or two lines in a given episode, then whatever actor was on hand in the studio would be called in to play them, consistency be damned. Additionally, the Japanese dub of Transformers was geared toward a younger audience than the original English version. While the dialogue and stories remained faithful in localization, the episodes received extensive narration from Issei Masamune. The additional narration was relentless to the point of becoming play-by-play commentary. The narrator would constantly describe what was happening on screen, summarize scenes and dialogue immediately after they were seen or spoken, and generally just provide needless asides such as ""And then!"" ""Suddenly!"" and ""Meanwhile!"" This was done to help the younger Japanese viewers follow along with the story, though later domestically produced Japanese Transformers animation would not include such excessive narration. Fight! Super Robot Lifeform Transformers aired on various local Nihon TV affiliates and as a result, some episodes were preempted in some areas ("" The Golden Lagoon "", for example, only aired in the Kansai region, while "" The Girl Who Loved Powerglide "" aired in every region but the Kansai region). The opening theme was "" TRANSFORMER "" by Satoko Shimonari and the ending theme was "" Peace Again "" also by Shimonari. Scramble City An additional OVA special was produced as a spin-off of Fight! Super Robot Lifeform Transformers. For further information, see:"" Scramble City: Mobilization ""Fight! Super Robot Lifeform Transformers 2010Fight! Super Robot Lifeform Transformers 2010 (戦え! 超ロボット生命体 トランスフォーマー 2010, Tatakae! Chō Robotto Seimeitai Transformers 2010) began airing in 1986, consisting of the North American season 3 episodes. All 30 episodes were dubbed for Transformers 2010 and 2 additional clip episodes were produced, bringing the total to 32 episodes. The additional clip shows are as follows:29. "" Daniel's Adventure ""30. "" The Desperate Struggle of Justice ""As with Fight! Super Robot Lifeform Transformers, Transformers 2010 considerably reordered the sequence of episodes. However, rather than restore the narrative order (as the North American broadcast had jumbled up the story arcs), the Japanese broadcast actually made things worse. And as with Fight! Super Robot Lifeform Transformers, Pioneer's Laser Disc and DVD sets for Transformers 2010 include a ""narrative viewing order"" list in the pack-in booklet. Transformers 2010 received the same editing treatment as its predecessor, losing scenes to make room for the longer title and credits sequences. Likewise, it received all the excessive narration and was prone to the same rotating cast members and character identification hiccups. In regards to the latter, it could become especially problematic when the narrator was the one misidentifying the characters (in "" The Burden Hardest to Bear "", the narrator mistakenly identifies Wildrider and Dead End as Runabout and Runamuck). Again, as with Fight! Super Robot Lifeform Transformers, there is evidence the Transformers 2010 translation was done using draft scripts and not the finished versions. This often bled into promotional material, such as a rather infamous advertisement for "" Starscream's Ghost "" which featured Blitzwing as the main character rather than Octane (as it was written in early drafts of the episode, but changed by the final version). In addition to the extensive narration to hold the viewer's hand, Transformers 2010 also received brand new text captions which had not been often utilized in Fight! Super Robot Lifeform Transformers. These captions would appear on screen to designate locations (be they planets, countries or cities) and to identify new characters whenever they first appeared (including both names and functions). The Secret Files of Teletraan II segments were also reworked; some were dubbed, some were dropped and some brand new ones exclusive to Transformers 2010 were created. The release of The Transformers: The Movie was delayed in Japan and was not available between Fight! Super Robot Lifeform Transformers and Transformers 2010. To help viewers acclimate to the new status quo, explanatory material was published in the pages of TV Magazine, describing the events of The Movie as the "" Unicron War "" and summarizing vital events from the film (such as Optimus Prime's death, Rodimus Prime's ascension and Megatron's upgrade into Galvatron). The Movie would eventually be released straight-to-video in 1989. Like Fight! Super Robot Lifeform Transformers, Transformers 2010 was broadcast on various local Nihon TV affiliates, resulting in preemptions in certain areas ("" The Face of the Nijika "" for example). The opening theme was "" Transformer 2010 "" by Shō Hirose and the ending theme was "" What's You "" also by Hirose. Transformers: The Rebirth The season 4 episodes of The Transformers were not originally broadcast in Japan, with Takara instead electing to produce a brand new series to continue the story of their animated continuity: The Headmasters. However, all 3 episodes were eventually released straight-to-video in 1996 as Transformers: The Rebirth (トランスフォーマー ザ・リバース). The episodes received their much-belated Japanese television broadcast in 2007 on Cartoon Network Japan . To differentiate ""The Rebirth"" from the Japanese continuity of Fight! Super Robot Lifeform Transformers, the episodes were released under the American The Transformers branding. This included using the American title sequence and commercial bumpers (undubbed). To further this distinction, the dub used English-language names and terminology for the most part (""Hot Rod"" was not changed to ""Hot Rodimus"" and ""Kup"" was not changed to ""Chear"", for example) while maintaining the Japanese-exclusive names for the more high profile characters (""Convoy"" was not changed to ""Optimus Prime"", for example). Inconsistencies in translation choices aside, there were some bizarre errors in the dub; names attributed to characters or groups that existed in neither the English or Japanese versions. Scorponok is referred to as ""Scorpion"", the Throttlebots are referred to as the ""Slot Robots"", and in the Japanese subtitles of the English version, the Technobots are referred to as the ""Tech Robots"". The fact booklet (written by Hirofumi Ichikawa) included with the Transformers 2010 DVD set specifically cites these instances as translation errors and not deliberate changes. Only three actors from Fight! Super Robot Lifeform Transformers and Transformers 2010 returned to voice their respective characters: Tesshō Genda (Optimus Prime), Seizō Katō (Galvatron) and Issei Masamune (narrator), though Kunihiko Yasui (Rollbar) & Masashi Hirose (Searchlight) returned to their respective roles from The Headmasters. Every other cast member was replaced with a soundalike, to varying degrees of success. The voice direction for these episodes was conducted by Shōzō Tajima . Home video releases Main article: The Transformers (cartoon)/home video Notes No universe is safe from being hectored. Both the toy line and the Marvel comic used a definite article for their title, thus making the franchise's official name "" The Transformers"" during its early years. At first sight, the cartoon appears to be the odd one out: The opening credits for all four seasons simply render the show's name as ""Transformers"", without ""The""… except for the end of the season 2 opening credits. In addition, the commercial bumpers do use the definite article consistently. We have therefore chosen to use the version that matches both the toy line and the comic for the sake of consistency. While answering a letter from a fan in the letters page to issue 146, the Grimlock from the UK Marvel Comics revealed that he totally knows all about The Transformers cartoon series. He claims the Marvel Comics depict the events as they actually happened and the cartoon is fictional. [2]Looking at the production codes of the series reveals some choice tidbits: The series pilot, ""More than Meets the Eye"", was produced under a set of different production codes, as it was created before Transformers was expanded to become an ongoing series. After the pilot, the episode production numbers begin afresh with ""700-01"" (""Transport to Oblivion""), and proceeded in order until the end of the first season, with ""700-13"" (""Heavy Metal War""). At the beginning of the second season, it seems the production codes were adjusted to account for the three parts of ""More than Meets the Eye"", but someone's math was off by a digit: the first episode of the season, ""Autobot Spike,"" was ""700-16,"" instead of ""700-17."" This out-by-one numbering continued through the entire second season, ending with the 65th episode, ""B. O. T."", as ""700-64. ""The original intention of season 3 was to correct this numbering error and begin with ""700-66,"" but after several episodes had moved into production, the decision was made to amend the numbering of the season and start with ""700-86""—internal Sunbow documentation available on the Metrodome DVD release of the series shows each episode of "" Five Faces of Darkness "" numbered 700-66 through -70, crossed out and renamed 700-86 through -90 by hand, and a model sheet for Beta identified ""Forever Is a Long Time Coming"" as episode ""700-74,"" when its finalized production number was ""700-94"". Presumably, this was done in reference to the year, 1986, to mark a new ""era"" for the series now that new writers and story editors were in charge of production. There is no episode with production code 700-109. ""Only Human"" was 700-108, while ""Grimlock's New Brain"" was 700-110; many online sources list ""Money Is Everything"" as episode 700-109 and instead omit 700-111, but internal Sunbow documentation consistently proves this incorrect. The reason for this omission is unknown, but the situation suggests that a script had been approved and then had to be dropped—perhaps to incorporate the not-originally-planned, later-produced ""Return of Optimus Prime"" two-parter into the season's fixed episode count. Twelve episodes were released as audio adventures by the German company Karussell Musik und Video (featuring dialogue from the German dub of the cartoon by Polyband with new background music from Karussell's own library), a common practice at the time. Cartoon writers are a sneaky lot, and quietly put references to G. I. Joe: A Real American Hero, another show they were working on at the same time, into The Transformers. Daina of the Soviet Oktober Guard ("" Prime Target ""), Flint as Marissa Faireborn 's dad ("" The Killing Jar ""), and an elderly Cobra Commander ("" Only Human "") all appear. We also see journalist Hector Ramirez ("" Prime Target ""), who appeared in almost everything Hasbro and Sunbow were doing at the time. External links1985 net.comics review Aaron Marsh's Transformers Episode Guide — Including variants and repackagings Transformers on Facebook - Includes information on Matrix of Leadership Box Set References↑ http://web.archive.org/web/20030106084320/http://www.toei-anim.co.jp/oldies/collabo.html Archive of Toei's outsourced productions during the '80s, listing the miniseries and season 1 separately↑ http://tvtropes.org/pmwiki/pmwiki.php/Main/Sixty Five Episode Cartoon↑ http://youtu.be/XVRk-s OMZ6Y Interview from Rhino Season 3/4 DVD set↑ Bumblebee and Me: Life as a G1 Transformer, by Dan Gilvezan↑ http://digestmybrain.wordpress.com/2011/09/22/my-conversation-with-tim-speidel/↑ http://digestmybrain.wordpress.com/2013/01/04/tommy-kennedy-found-an-interview-with-jason-jansen/ "


what is the difference of islands and continents

What is the difference between Island and Continent? • There are 7 continents of the world while there are thousands of islands all over the world. • Continents in general are much bigger in size than islands and contain many countries within them with well-defined political borders though there is no size defined, beyond which an island classifies to be called a continent. • Australia, the smallest continent, is basically an island.

Difference Between Island and Continent

Difference Between Island and Continent Gyan-The Treasure Subscribe Add to Share More1,921 views53Published on Aug 30, 2015Is Australia a continent or an island? Why is Greenland considered an island despite being larger in size than Australia? These are questions that are hard to explain until an individual is aware of the meanings of the terms island and continent. Most people, however, are quick to tell that there are 7 continents (some say it is 6 as they combine North and South America and refer to as American continent) in the world and there are hundreds of thousands of islands all over the world. Some islands are larger than many countries of the world though most islands are tiny and lie inside continents. This article takes a closer look at the terms island and continent to come up with the differences between them. The image that comes to our mind when we talk or hear the word island is that of a tiny mass of land surrounded by water on all its sides. On the other hand, continents are described as large landmasses that are continuous and separated by water bodies. One of the easiest way to differentiate a continent from an island is it’s much larger size. However, this method fails when one finds that Australia that fulfills all requirements of an island is called a continent. Continent There are 7 continents in the world namely Europe, Asia, North and South America, Africa, and Australia. Antarctica is the 7th continent of the world. Though, there are some who count it as 6 as they combine North and South America and refer to as American continent. Asia is the largest while Australia is the smallest continent. Continents are large landmasses that are separated by large water bodies and contain many countries within them with well-defined political borders. However, there is no water body separating Europe and Asia. There is no definition of the boundary separating Europe and Asia. Some writers call it Eurasia because of this reason. Geologically speaking, it should be one single continent. The boundaries between continents have been decided by convention rather than any scientific criteria. Apart from being large landmasses, there are some more characteristics of continents. These large pieces of land also have stable continental crust that is different from the crusts of other continents. Every continent also has unique flora and fauna, in addition to unique and distinct cultures of human populations. It is seen that people belonging to a particular continent have belief in their minds about their continent’s status. Island Island is described as a sub continental land mass that is surrounded by water on all its sides. The land mass is rather small and is protruding above water. However, this definition does not mention the size beyond which an island becomes a continent. Sometimes, there are many small islands grouped together. Such an arrangement is labeled as an archipelago. Small islands are also referred to as cays or inlets. One should not think of the island as a floating mass of land over a water body. Going by the definition of an island, Australia is an island, but it is labeled as a continent. Greenland is one island that is mammoth and much bigger than most countries of the world having an area of more than 2.1 million sq. km.

• Greenland is a very large island that is bigger than many countries of the world. • Every continent has a unique culture and flora and fauna. Vastu & Astrology : https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCbhc... Dharm अाैर Science : https://www.youtube.com/channel/UC_7y... Difference & Similarities : https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCTIp... What If ….कया हो अगर : https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCns I... Parenting & Lifestyle : https://www.youtube.com/channel/UChx9... Shrimad Home Remedies : https://www.youtube.com/channel/UC3o H... Ghar Ka Khana : https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCTn E... Teej Tyohar - https://c.mp.ucweb.com/personal/index... Guru Ka Gyan - https://c.mp.ucweb.com/personal/index... Shreemad Home Remidies - https://c.mp.ucweb.com/personal/index... Ghar Ka Khana - https://c.mp.ucweb.com/personal/index... Show more Loading...


what's the difference between jambalaya and paella

Paella vs Jambalaya

"Welcome to the EGGhead Forum - a great place to visit and packed with tips and EGGspert advice! You can also join the conversation and get more information and amazing kamado recipes by following Big Green Egg at: Facebook | Twitter | Instagram | Pinterest | Youtube | Vimeo Share your photos by tagging us and using the hashtag #EGGhead4Life. In Atlanta? Come visit Big Green Egg headquarters, including our retail showroom, the History of the EGG Museum and Culinary Center! 3786 De Kalb Technology Parkway, Atlanta, GA 30340. Paella vs Jambalayatd66snrf Posts: 1,347March 2014 in Egg Head Forum This is for all the oficionados out there. Other than saffron in paella what is the difference between paella and jambalaya? They seem pretty close to me. XLBGE, LBGE, MBGE, SMALL, MINI, 2 Kubs, Fire Magic Gasser Commentsnolaegghead Posts: 26,278March 2014Good observation. The type of rice is different.______________________________________________ This is my signature line just so you're not confused. Love me or hate me, I am forum Marmite. Large and Medium BGE, Kamado Joe Jr, Akorn Jr, smoker with a 5k btu AC, gas grill, fire pit, pack of angry cats, two turntables and a microphone, my friend. Registered republican. New Orleans, LA - we know how to eat Botch Posts: 6,062March 2014Soccarat (sp?). Paella is cooked in a wide,flat pan so a lot of the rice crisps up against the metal of the pan; and that's the best part._____________________________________________Live fast, die young, and leave a well-marbled corpse. Ogden, Utard.saluki2007 Posts: 3,475March 2014Good link to get your answer. Large and Small BGE Morton, ILBig Green Craigdotcom Posts: 246March 2014

fishlessman Posts: 22,668March 2014what i see posted as paella is more like a rice casserol, paella is thin, 1/4 to 12 inch max, not stirred so the bottom crisps a little. keeping it thin also brings more flavor from the seafood broth into the rice. atleast thats how my nanas mother made itfukahwee maine http://www.yourdailymedia.com/post/butt-flip-cup-twerk-gif-part-ii/Photo Egg Posts: 7,599March 2014Big Green Craigdotcom said: There are two basic differences. Types of rice and seasonings. The Paella uses a Spanish short grain rice with saffron and the Jambalaya uses a long grain rice with more of a creole seasoning. Traditional paella should be cooked on a fire, where jambalaya can be cooked stove top. HERE is my Paella recipe. That is beautiful... Lucky dinner guests. Thank you,Darian Galveston Texasnolaegghead Posts: 26,278March 2014So conclusion: What they have in common is rice and seafood and are both cooked without a top. What they DON'T have in common is ingredients and cooking method.______________________________________________ This is my signature line just so you're not confused. Love me or hate me, I am forum Marmite. Large and Medium BGE, Kamado Joe Jr, Akorn Jr, smoker with a 5k btu AC, gas grill, fire pit, pack of angry cats, two turntables and a microphone, my friend. Registered republican. New Orleans, LA - we know how to eat Little Steven Posts: 28,817March 2014One is from Spain, one is from LA? Steve Caledon, ONnolaegghead Posts: 26,278March 2014Jambalaya originated in the Caribbean Islands. The Spanish culture mixed with the native foods created what is known as Jambalaya. Jambalaya is traditionally made in three parts, with meat and vegetables, and is completed by adding stock and rice. It is also a close cousin to the saffron colored paella found in Spanish cuisine.______________________________________________ This is my signature line just so you're not confused. Love me or hate me, I am forum Marmite. Large and Medium BGE, Kamado Joe Jr, Akorn Jr, smoker with a 5k btu AC, gas grill, fire pit, pack of angry cats, two turntables and a microphone, my friend. Registered republican. New Orleans, LA - we know how to eat Little Steven Posts: 28,817March 2014I knew that. There are several kinds of jambalaya including Cajun and Creole that are native to LA though. Paella originally did not contain seafood unless you call land snails seafood. Steve Caledon, ONnolaegghead Posts: 26,278March 2014I'm just copying this stuff from wiki. I make it every now and then, but I really need to get into paella. There are two primary methods of making jambalaya. The first and most common is Creole jambalaya (also called ""red jambalaya""). First, meat is added to the trinity of celery, peppers, and onions; the meat is usually chicken and sausage such as andouille or smoked sausage. Next vegetables and tomatoes are added to cook, followed by seafood. Rice and stock are added in equal proportions at the very end. The mixture is brought to a boil and left to simmer for 20 to 60 minutes, depending on the recipe, with infrequent stirring. Towards the end of the cooking process, stirring usually ceases. Some versions call for the jambalaya to be baked after the cooking of all the ingredients. The second style, more characteristic of southwestern and south-central Louisiana, is Cajun jambalaya, which contains no tomatoes (the idea being the farther away from New Orleans one gets, the less common tomatoes are in dishes). The meat is browned in a cast-iron pot. The bits of meat that stick to the bottom of the pot ( sucs) are what give a Cajun jambalaya its brown color. A little vegetable oil is added if there is not enough fat in the pot. The trinity (of 50% onions, 25% celery, and 25% green or red bell pepper , although proportions can be altered to suit one's taste) is added and sautéed until soft. Stock and seasonings are added in the next step, and then the meats are returned to the pot. This mixture is then simmered, covered, for at least one hour. Lastly, the mixture is brought to a boil and rice is added to the pot. It is then covered and left to simmer over very low heat for at least 1/2 hour without stirring. The dish is finished when the rice has cooked. A third method is less common. In this version, meat and vegetables are cooked separately from the rice. At the same time, rice is cooked in a savory stock. It is added to the meat and vegetables before serving. This is called ""white jambalaya."" This dish is rare in Louisiana as it is seen as a ""quick"" attempt to make jambalaya, popularized outside the state to shorten cooking time. Many people in the south, and typically in Louisiana, enjoy a simpler Jambalaya style. This style is cooked the same as the cajun style, but there are no vegetables. Many restaurants serve this style as opposed to the others, because it is more child-friendly, has a more consistent texture, and is easier to make. The famous Jambalaya Shoppe serves this simpler style, which is a local favorite. Jambalaya is considered by most Louisianans to be a filling but simple-to-prepare rice dish; gumbos, étouffées, and creoles are considered more difficult to perfect. Most often a long grain white rice is used in making jambalaya. Jambalaya is differentiated from gumbo and étouffée by the way in which the rice is included. In these dishes, the rice is cooked separately and is served as a bed on which the main dish is served. In the usual method of preparing jambalaya, a rich stock is created from vegetables, meat, and seafood; raw rice is then added to the broth and the flavor is absorbed by the grains as the rice cooks.______________________________________________ This is my signature line just so you're not confused. Love me or hate me, I am forum Marmite. Large and Medium BGE, Kamado Joe Jr, Akorn Jr, smoker with a 5k btu AC, gas grill, fire pit, pack of angry cats, two turntables and a microphone, my friend. Registered republican. New Orleans, LA - we know how to eatfishlessman Posts: 22,668March 2014jambalya is made by adding ingredients to the pot and stirring them together, like making a big rice casserole,with paella you cook most of the ingredients first then use the stock which may be seafood or made with the vegetables and water to mix with the rice spreading it out thin, lastly laying the meat or seafood on top and not stirring. theres different paellas too, my great grandma was from the portugal azore islands, no tomatoesfukahwee maine http://www.yourdailymedia.com/post/butt-flip-cup-twerk-gif-part-ii/robnybbq Posts: 1,907March 2014How about someone come over to my house, I'll buy the booze and the ingredients and someone show me how to make EITHER on my Egg. Anyone?_______________________________________________________________ LBGE, Adjustable Rig, Spider, High-Que grate, maverick ET-732, Thermapen, Garnerville, NYtd66snrf Posts: 1,347March 2014Little Steven said: I knew that. There are several kinds of jambalaya including Cajun and Creole that are native to LA though. Paella originally did not contain seafood unless you call land snails seafood. LS here in So Cal, LA doesn't mean Louisiana XLBGE, LBGE, MBGE, SMALL, MINI, 2 Kubs, Fire Magic Gasserlousubcap Posts: 16,096March 2014@robnybbq-thanks for the offer but will have to pass...that written, you may recall the below link as it will give you a good foundation for the cook. Just make sure everything is ready to go when you start-not a lot of down-time initially.http://www.nakedwhiz.com/paella/paella.htm Louisville; L & S BGEs, PBC, Lang 36; Burnin' wood in the neighbourhood. # 38 for the win. Life is too short for light/lite beer. Little Steven Posts: 28,817March 2014td66snrf said:show previous quotes LS here in So Cal, LA doesn't mean Louisiana I was going to say Carribean but I can't spell that Steve Caledon, ONtd66snrf Posts: 1,347March 2014Little Steven said:show previous quotes I was going to say Carribean but I can't spell that LOLXLBGE, LBGE, MBGE, SMALL, MINI, 2 Kubs, Fire Magic Gasserrobnybbq Posts: 1,907March 2014lousubcap said:@robnybbq-thanks for the offer but will have to pass...that written, you may recall the below link as it will give you a good foundation for the cook. Just make sure everything is ready to go when you start-not a lot of down-time initially.http://www.nakedwhiz.com/paella/paella.htm THanks for the link. Maybe one day when I get the courage. I tried the WOK and failed miserably and have not used t since ( I should sell it)._______________________________________________________________ LBGE, Adjustable Rig, Spider, High-Que grate, maverick ET-732, Thermapen, Garnerville, NYBig Green Craigdotcom Posts: 246March 2014robnybbq said: How about someone come over to my house, I'll buy the booze and the ingredients and someone show me how to make EITHER on my Egg. Anyone? Are you close to Atlanta???? ?robnybbq Posts: 1,907March 2014I wish. I am in cold NY._______________________________________________________________ LBGE, Adjustable Rig, Spider, High-Que grate, maverick ET-732, Thermapen, Garnerville, NYBotch Posts: 6,062March 2014robnybbq said: THanks for the link. Maybe one day when I get the courage. I tried the WOK and failed miserably and have not used t since ( I should sell it). Blasphemy! Watch a few Ewe Tube videos, and try again, you are just a couple tricks away from some fantastic food!_____________________________________________Live fast, die young, and leave a well-marbled corpse. Ogden, Utard.grege345 Posts: 3,515March 2014I make a super simple jambalaya in my dutch oven if your interested. I use leftover spatchcock chicken, andouille and some already cooked shrimp. Soooo ez LBGE& SBGE———————————————•———————– Pennsylvania / poconos Zmokin Posts: 1,937March 2014td66snrf said:show previous quotes LS here in So Cal, LA doesn't mean Louisiana Hey, Little Steven, those of us who live in Nor Cal have a greater knowledge of US geography and understand that when discussing things Cajun and creole, LA is the abbreviation for Louisiana and not the abbreviation for the cesspool of CA. )Large BGE in a Sole' Gourmet Table Using the Black Cast Iron grill, Plate Setter, and a BBQ Guru temp controller. Medium BGE in custom modified off-road nest. Black Cast Iron grill, Plate Setter, and a Party-Q temp controller. Location: somewhere West of the Mason-Dixon Line Cookinbob Posts: 1,690March 2014robnybbq said: I wish. I am in cold NY. I'd do paella, but you're at the wrong end of a big state (from here)XLBGE, Small BGE, Homebrew and Guitars Rochester, NYtd66snrf Posts: 1,347March 2014Little Steven meant Louisiana. I was totally confused on that one since I am geographically ignorant and live in a cesspool known as Southern California. P. S. We're really impressed that you have a platesetter and cast iron grill. XLBGE, LBGE, MBGE, SMALL, MINI, 2 Kubs, Fire Magic Gasser Zmokin Posts: 1,937March 2014td66snrf said: Little Steven meant Louisiana. I was totally confused on that one since I am geographically ignorant and live in a cesspool known as Southern California. P. S. We're really impressed that you have a platesetter and cast iron grill. Sorry if I offended you, I thought the emoticon )would indicate I was being funny. As for my signature, Um, not trying to impress, just describing what my set-up is. Based on what I've read, some people prefer AR's over platesetters. Based on pictures I've seen, some people like the cast iron grill like I do, some prefer the thin bar stainless steel grill. I know some people have the experience and skill to set the dampers to control the temp, I'm not one of them and I'm not ashamed to admit I use modern electronics to control my EGG. Have a nice day Large BGE in a Sole' Gourmet Table Using the Black Cast Iron grill, Plate Setter, and a BBQ Guru temp controller. Medium BGE in custom modified off-road nest. Black Cast Iron grill, Plate Setter, and a Party-Q temp controller. Location: somewhere West of the Mason-Dixon Linetd66snrf Posts: 1,347March 2014 edited March 2014Zmokin apology accepted. Sorry to be so uncivilized in my response. I actually live in Orange county but in the big picture that's still considered part of the greater Los Angeles basin. Keep on cookin egg brother. Tim in So Cal Zmokin one more thing, if your ever down south here come by and I'll buy you a beer. XLBGE, LBGE, MBGE, SMALL, MINI, 2 Kubs, Fire Magic Gasser Zmokin Posts: 1,937March 2014I used to work for a company that was HQ in Orange County. Used to fly in & out of John Wayne airport. I loved the departure flight plan. I also really liked this Korean BBQ restaurant in Tustin. Anyway, I don't get down there very much anymore. The next tradeshow in So Cal for me to attend won't be until 2020, but if I remember, I might take you up on the beer. Large BGE in a Sole' Gourmet Table Using the Black Cast Iron grill, Plate Setter, and a BBQ Guru temp controller. Medium BGE in custom modified off-road nest. Black Cast Iron grill, Plate Setter, and a Party-Q temp controller. Location: somewhere West of the Mason-Dixon Line Sign In or Register to comment. "


who is ovid in greek mythology

ion Back to Top of Page Ovid was a prolific Roman poet, straddling the Golden and Silver Ages of Latin literature, who wrote about love, seduction and mythological transformation. He is considered a master of the elegiac couplet, and is traditionally ranked alongside Vergil and Horace as one of the three canonic poets of Latin literature.

ANCIENT ROME - OVID (Epic, Elegiac and Didactic Poet, Roman, 43 BCE - c. 17 CE)Introduction | Biography | Writings | Major Works Introduct

His poetry, especially the epic poem “Metamorphoses”, was much imitated during Late Antiquity and the Middle Ages, and is considered to have decisively influenced European art and literature, including Chaucer, Dante, Shakespeare and Milton. Biography Back to Top of Page Publius Ovidius Naso was born in 43 BCE in the town of Sulmo (modern-day Sulmona) in the Apennines to the east of Rome. He came from a well-to-do equestrian family, and he and his brother were educated in Rome, with the intention of their pursuing careers in public life. After the death of his brother, though, Ovid renounced the study of law and politics and began a period of travel in Athens, Asia Minor and Sicily. He held some minor public posts, but eventually resigned even these in order to pursue poetry in earnest. He attracted the patronage of the Roman general and important patron of the arts, Marcus Valerius Messalla Corvinus, and became a friend of Horace. He was described by Seneca the Elder as emotional and impulsive by nature. He married three times (and divorced twice) by the time he was thirty years old, with just one marriage yielding a daughter. By about 8 CE, Ovid had already published his major works: the early, somewhat irreverent (not to say lewd) “Amores” and “Ars Amatoria”, the collection of epistolary poems known as the “Heroides”, and his magnum opus, the epic poem “Metamorphoses”. In 8 CE, however, the Emperor Augustus banished Ovid to the city of Tomis, on the Black Sea, in modern-day Romania, for unknown political reasons. The banishment was probably not, as is often assumed, due to his popular but rather lewd early poems, but may have been connected to his part in the lively social circle which had grown up around Augustus' promiscuous daughter, Julia, who was also banished around that time (Ovid himself described the cause rather myteriously as “carmen et error”: “a poem and a mistake”). While in exile, he wrote two multi-book collections of poetry, entitled “Tristia” and “Epistulae ex Ponto”, expressing his sadness and desolation and his longing to return to Rome and to his third wife. He was forced to abandon another ambitious work “Fasti”, his work on the days of the Roman calendar, probably due to lack of library resources. Even after Augustus’s death in 14 CE, the new emperor, Tiberius, still did not recall Ovid, and he eventually died at Tomis some ten years after his banishment in about 17 or 18 CE. Writings Back to Top of Page Ovid’s first major work was the “Amores”, originally published between 20 and 16 BCE as a five-book collection, although it was later reduced to three books. It is a collection of love poems written in the elegiac distich, generally adhering to standard elegiac themes about various aspects of love, such as the locked-out lover. However, the poems are often humorous, tongue-in-cheek and somewhat cynical, and at times talk about adultery, a brave move in the wake of Augustus' marriage law reforms of 18 BCE. The “Amores” were followed by the “Ars Amatoria (“The Art of Love”), published in three books between 1 BCE and 1 CE. It is, on some levels, a burlesque satire on didactic poetry, composed in elegiac couplets rather than the dactyllic hexameters more usually associated with the didactic poem. It purports to offer erotic advice on the art of seduction (the first two books aimed at men, the third giving similar advice to women). Some have assumed that the supposed licentiousness of the “Ars Amatoria” was responsible in part for Ovid's banishment by Augustus in 8 CE, but that is now considered unlikely. The work was such a popular success that he wrote a sequel, “Remedia Amoris” ( “Remedies for Love” ). The “Heroides” (“Epistulae Heroidum”) were a collection of fifteen epistolary poems published between about 5 BCE and 8 CE, composed in elegiac couplets and presented as though written by a selection of aggrieved heroines of Greek and Roman mythology (which Ovid claimed to be an entirely new literary genre). By 8 CE, he had completed his masterpiece, “Metamorphoses”, an epic poem in fifteen books derived from Greek mythology about mythical figures who have undergone transformations (from the emergence of the cosmos from formless mass to the organized, material world, to famous myths such as Apollo and Daphne, Daedalus and Icarus, Orpheus and Eurydice, and Pygmalion, to the deification of Julius Caesar). It is written in dactylic hexameter, the epic metre of Homer ’s “Odyssey” and “Iliad” and Virgil ’s “Aeneid”. It remains an invaluable source on Roman religion, and explains many myths alluded to in other works. Major Works Back to Top of Page“Amores”“Ars Amatoria”“Heroides”“Metamorphoses”Back to Top of Page Introduction | Ancient Greece | Ancient Rome | Other Ancient Civilizations Timeline | Alphabetical List of Authors | Index of Individual Works | Index of Important Characters | Sources© 2009 Luke Mastin


how many inches are in a yard and what is

Quick Answer There are 36 inches in 1 yard, which is equal to 3 feet. A yard was once believed to be the length of the average stride. The inch represents 1/12 foot. The inch is an English word that derives from the Latin word ""uncia,"" which means one-twelfth. Continue Reading

How Many Inches Are Equal to One Yard?

"Science Measurements Q: How Many Inches Are Equal to One Yard? A:

Keep Learning How Big Is a Yard of Fabric? What Does 900 Mm Equal in Inches? How Many Inches Are in a Yard of Fabric? Credit: William F. Yurasko CC-BY 2.0Full Answer Measurements were once calculated against parts of the human body. An inch was the width of a man's thumb. A yard was the average length of a man's belt. The English king Henry I announced that a yard was the length from the end of his outstretched arm to his nose. In 1959, it was internationally agreed that the inch equalled 25.4 millimeters. Learn more about Measurements Sources: metric-conversions.org factmonster.com Related Questions Q: How Many Feet Are in a Yard ? A: There are 3 feet in 1 yard. These are part of the English system of measurement. Other common equivalents of length include 12 inches in 1 foot and 5,280 f... Full Answer >Filed Under: Measurements Q: How Many Cubic Feet Are in a Cubic Yard? A: There are 27 cubic feet in a cubic yard. The formula for a cubic foot is length x width x depth. The cubic foot is a 3-dimensional measurement of a linear ... Full Answer >Filed Under: Measurements Q: How Much Area Will a Yard of Sand Cover? A: One cubic yard of sand covers approximately 120 to 150 square feet of area at a depth of 1 to 2 inches. A yard of sand weighs approximately 2,000 and 3,000... Full Answer >Filed Under: Measurements Q: How Long Is a Yard? A: A yard is a measurement equivalent to three feet. This is also equal to 36 inches or about 92 centimeters. The easiest way to measure a yard is with a rule... Full Answer >Filed Under: Measurements You May Also Like Q: How Much Does a Cubic Foot of Steel Weigh? Q: What Is the Difference Between a King Mattress and California King in Inches? Q: Is It Legal to Kill Moles in Your Yard? Q: What Is a Metric Conversion Chart Table? Q: What Were Some of the Early Tools to Help Aid in Measurement? Q: How Do You Read a Hydrometer? "


what is the name of the molecular compound ccl4?

CCl4 is the chemical formula of Carbon tetrachloride or tetrachloromethane. CARBON TETRACHLORIDE is a solvent for oils, fats, lacquers, varnishes, rubber waxes, and resins, and a starting material in the manufacturing of organic compounds. Poisoning by inhalation, ingestion or skin absorption is possible and may be fatal.

What is the name of CCl4?

It is also used in fire extinguisher. It was first discovered by Henry victor in 1839 by the reaction of chloroform with chlorine.but now it is mainly produced from methane CH4+ 4 Cl2 → CCl4+ 4 HCLIt's 2d structure is And 3d is Some facts about CCl4IUPAC name = carbon tetrachloride, tetrachloromethane Molecular weight = 153.811 g/mol3. Melting point = -22.92°C4. Boiling point = 76.72°C5. Appearance = colorless liquid6. Dipole moment = 0D1.1k Views · View Upvoters · Answer requested by Anjali


what is rotator cuff tendonitis

What is Rotator Cuff Tendinosis? Tendinosis of the rotator cuff is a degenerative (genetic, age or activity related) change that occurs in our rotator cuff tendons over time. Rotator cuff tendinosis is exceptionally common. Although many people with shoulder pain will be found to suffer from tendinosis.

What is Rotator Cuff Tendinosis?

"What is Rotator Cuff Tendinosis? Last Updated July 5, 2015 by Howard J. Luks, MDRotator cuff tendinosis is a very common cause of shoulder pain. Your rotator cuff tendons control the motion of your shoulder joint. They are four very important muscles and their structure can change with age, or because of your activities.

Many, many people have tendinosis of the rotator cuff and do not even know it. Why rotator cuff tendinosis bothers some people and doesn’t bothers others is currently a question the orthopedic surgery community can not answer. Rotator cuff tendinosis is just as likely to be found in a professional body builder as it is likely to be found in a true couch potato. What does Rotator Cuff Tendinosis Look Like? In this photo, the white round structure on the right is the top of the humerus. The frayed tissue just to the left is the rotator cuff. This patient was suffering from rotator cuff tendinosis and a partial-thickness cuff tear. Sponsored Links Tendinosis represents a structural change in the tendon at a microscopic level. This results in disorientation of the tendon structure and, ultimately, partial tearing as the weakened tendon gives way. The analogy I always use is your favorite pair of blue jeans. You wear them for years and then one day you feel a breeze down by your knee — you look down and there’s a hole. No trauma, no accident… the fabric just wore out. Therefore, rotator cuff tendinosis is not the result of a single traumatic event. It is brought on by genetics, age and repetitive activity. We are not sure why some patients with rotator cuff tendinosis have pain, and others do not. How Do We Treat Rotator Cuff Tendinosis Many patients with rotator cuff tendinosis and partial tears do not require surgery and will respond very well to a coordinated physical therapy program to strengthen the remaining cuff tissue. Moist heat, Ice and anti-inflammatories can work well, too. Rotator cuff tendinosis is a biological problem … our body is actually changing the tendon tissue. Only very recently have treatment techniques evolved to enable us to treat rotator cuff tendinosis that fails to respond to non-surgical measures. It is a technology developed by Rotation Medical and enables us to place a “bioinductive” patch over the area of tendinosis, which over a period of a few months has been shown to reverse the degenerative changes and heal your tendon. Sponsored Links Over time, this patch will incorporate into the tendon and alter the structure of the tendon. Most patients .. in our series to date, have had significant relief, even after trying other surgical procedures first which had failed. You can read more here about this approach to treating shoulders with rotator cuff tendinosis. Dr. Howard Luks, MD – Hawthorne, NY19 Bradhurst Avenue, Suite 1300NHawthorne, NY 10532United States (US)Phone: (914) 789-2735Fax: (914) 789-2743Email: contact@howardluksmd.com Dr. Howard Luks, MD – Fishkill, NY, 200 Westage Business Center, Suite 115, Fishkill, NY 12524, United States (US) - Phone: (845) 896-4178 Fax: (914) 789-2743 Email: contact@howardluksmd.com Disclaimer: this information is for your education and should not be considered medical advice regarding diagnosis or treatment recommendations. Some links on this page may be affiliate links. Read the full disclaimer. Share this: Twitter Facebook Google+ Linkedin Email← What are some common causes of knee pain? Rotator Cuff Injuries →About the author: Howard J. Luks, MDA Board Certified Orthopedic Surgeon in Hawthorne, NY. Dr. Howard Luks specializes in the treatment of the shoulder, knee, elbow, and ankle. He has a very ""social"" patient centric approach and believes that the more you understand about your issue, the more informed your decisions will be. Ultimately your treatments and his recommendations will be based on proper communications, proper understanding, and shared decision-making principles – all geared to improve your quality of life. Sponsored Links Featured Product Recent Articles Lateral Knee Pain Explained How a knee compression sleeve benefits an active lifestyle Burning Knee Pain Meniscus Transplant For Knee Pain after Meniscus Surgery PCL Injury and Reconstruction "


what disease do roof rats cause

ns. Common diseases spread by roof rats include plague, typhus, rat-bite fever, jaundice, trichinosis, and salmonellosis. Effective roof rat control starts with good housekeeping and proper sanitation, which are designed to eliminate the sources of food and shelter that attract the pests in the first place.

Roof Rats

Rats living in your crawl space or walls? Disappearing pet food? Dead rats or rat dropping in your attic? These may well be signs of a rat infestation. Call your local Critter Control office today at 800 CRITTER for effective rodent cleanup, rat removal and exclusion services. Description Also known as black rats or ship rats, roof rats are Old World rodents that were probably brought to North America on accident by early shippers and traders. They currently live throughout the world, especially in warmer areas where the proximity of the ocean keeps the climate mild. Roof rats in the United States, for instance, tend to be concentrated in the Southeast, along the West Coast, and on the Hawaiian Islands. They are often regarded as one of the most serious pest mammals because of their ability to ruin stored grain, spread disease, and damage property. Appearance Combined, the head and body of the roof rat typically measures about 7 or 8 inches long, while the dark, scaly tail adds another 8 to 10 inches of length. Roof rats are usually dark brown or blackish in color, with a light-colored belly, a pointed snout, and large, furless ears that can be pulled over their eyes. Their fur is long and coarse, and their body weight generally ranges from 5 to 10 ounces (150 to 250 g). Habitat The aptly named roof rat mainly nests in attics, roofs, and similarly elevated places. As roof rats primarily feed on grains, seeds, fruits, and garbage, their presence is frequently associated with the existence of people and human activity. Roof rats live together in colonies and will readily breed indoors, where the potential for roof rat damage remains a notable concern. In addition to nesting in the upper levels of buildings, the destructive pests are often found in trees, sugarcane and citrus groves, and rice fields. Entry Are roof rats known to enter homes or yards? As their name implies, roof rats commonly gain entry to buildings through the roof. They often use overhead trees or utility lines to locate and access points of entry. Roof rat problems also occur when the pests invade yards to look for food. In suburban areas, residents frequently encounter roof rats feeding in garbage cans, dumpsters, and gardens. The presence of roof rats in the yard or garden does not always mean that the nest is located on the property, as these pests can travel as many as several hundred feet during a single night of foraging. Damage Do roof rats harm people or property? Arguably the most problematic of all pest animals, roof rats can destroy grain supplies, spread disease, and damage the attics and rooftops of buildings. They often invade attics in the winter and spring to escape the cold or to nest and raise their young. Roof rats are strong animals that can damage the shingles, fascia board, soffits, and vents of the structures they enter. Once inside, they commonly destroy insulation, ductwork, wiring, and drywall with their urine, feces, and constant gnawing. Water damage can also become a problem at the entry point. Control and Safety Roof rat safety should not be taken lightly, as the rodents are known to carry a variety of parasites and diseases that can be transmitted to pets and huma

Trapping and Removal The certified wildlife specialists at Critter Control have the knowledge and tools to get rid of your roof rat problem. Our technicians use a variety of removal techniques to ensure a solution to your rodent issue. We offer roof rat trapping and roof rat removal services, in addition to advice on how to identify roof rats and the problems they cause, as well as prevent future roof rat damage. We can help you get rid of roof rat problems. Call today: 1.800.274.8837.


how far in advance to send invitations birthday party

Proper etiquette dictates that you send out invites up to eight weeks in advance. However, that might be too far in advance for a child's birthday, so stick to two to four weeks ahead of time instead. That gives guests time to prepare and schedule so you get the best turnout. In general, the more formal an event, the farther in advance you should send out the invites.

Birthday Invitation Etiquette

"The right wording makes a birthday invitation clearer. Related Articles1Birthday Invitation Etiquette2No Kids Allowed Wedding Etiquette3Wording for the RSVP for a Graduation Party Invitation4Wording Ideas for Hollywood Party Invitations Whether you're planning a birthday party for your little one or a more adult soiree, birthday party invitation etiquette is the same. By knowing what to put on your invites and when to send them out, you might secure yourself more attendees to your party. A well-worded invitation sent at the right time gives your guests all the information they need to plan to attend your -- or your child's -- party. The Guests It can be tempting to go all-out when inviting others to a party. For a child's party, don't feel pressured to invite every kid in the class. Instead, a solid rule-of-thumb is to invite as many kids as your child's age plus one. For instance, if your little one is turning five, six kids is enough. Just make sure you child doesn't hand out invites in a public forum -- instead of giving them out in school, it's more polite to mail them or bring them to each child's house personally so feelings don't get hurt in class. Obviously if you're planning a grownup party, the rules for inviting people quietly still apply, but the number of invitees depends on your budget and your space. Mailing the invites personally to each guest can prevent hurt feelings. Invite Inclusions You'll need to check off all the boxes when listing information in the invitations. Some of the most important info includes the date, time, who the party is for, anything the attendees should bring, the dress code, a method for RSVP contact and any special information guests might need such as, ""Shh, it's a surprise!"" While paper invites are traditional, it's OK to invite via email as well -- just make sure all the proper information that would be included on a paper invite is in the email message, or create a separate invitation document and attach it to the email. Wording Proper etiquette dictates that a birthday invitation be stated in third person. Instead of, ""We invite you to David's birthday,"" it should read, ""David's parents, John and Sue, are excited to invite you to celebrate David's birthday."" Or, ""You are cordially invited to celebrate David's birthday"" works as well. Keep the language formal for grownup parties, while more casual and brighter language sets the tone for a child's birthday party. Timing

If you're holding a swanky adults-only affair, plan on sending them four to eight weeks ahead of time. RSVPs You don't have to require that guests RSVP if they're coming, but it's helpful to have a general idea of guest count for food and favors. Give guests a couple options for RSVP'ing, such as phone, text or email. You can also ask for ""regrets only"" to make it easier on those who plan on attending. It's fine to remind guests who haven't yet RSVP'd with a quick follow-up email or phone call if you really need a head count. References Announcing It.com: Invitation Dos and Don'ts Learn Vest.com: Party Etiquette: The Dos and Don’ts of Kid Birthday Parties Photo Credits Hemera Technologies/Able Stock.com/Getty Images About the Author Kay Ireland specializes in health, fitness and lifestyle topics. She is a support worker in the neonatal intensive care and antepartum units of her local hospital and recently became a certified group fitness instructor. "