do selfies flip

Take the ultimate selfie: Samsung launches camera with flip display - and photos are taken with a simple WINKThe Samsung NX mini weighs 158g and is just 0.8-inches thick A touchscreen display flips out from the rear, and rotates 180-degrees

Camera's 1-inch sensor captures up to 20.5MP and can shoot 1080p video It is WI-Fi enabled and fitted with an NFC chip so photos can be shared Photos can be taken either by pressing the shutter or winking at the sensor Samsung claims the NX mini can also be used as a baby monitor The NX mini is available in the U. S for $449, UK release date and pricing hasn’t been announced By Victoria Woollaston Published: 11:44 EDT, 19 March 2014 | Updated: 12:54 EDT, 19 March 20149View comments Another day, another product designed to make taking selfies easier, this time from Samsung. The South Korean firm's NX mini is a super-thin camera with a 3-inch rotating, flip touchscreen display designed for choosing the perfect selfie angle. The camera has a 1-inch 20. MP sensor, can shoot HD 1080p video, and photos are taken simply by winking at it - removing the need to manually press the shutter mid selfie pose.+4Samsung's NX mini, pictured, weighs 158g and is 0.8-inches thick. A 3-inch touchscreen display flips out from the back of the device and rotates 180-degrees. The camera's 1-inch sensor captures 20.5MP pictures and can shoot 1080p video. Photos can be taken either by pressing the shutter or winking at the sensor THE RISE OF THE SELFIE STICKA number of companies are selling 'arm extenders', also known as selfie sticks, to make taking photos of yourself easier. The stick not only holds the camera, but comes with buttons on the handle used to take the shot, and even focus the image. The trend for cameras on sticks, also known as monopods, isn’t new and a number of sticks are already available for digital cameras from companies including Opteka and XShot. But monopods designed especially for smartphones, however, were unveiled at this year’s Mobile World Congress, including a Samsung version from Chinese firm Winners’ Sun Plastic Electronics. Once a wink is detected, the NX mini automatically takes a shot after a two second delay. Photos can also be controlled via a smartphone app. RELATED ARTICLESPrevious 1 Next The shoe with built-in GPS: $100 smart trainer vibrates to... Google's £30 Chromecast streaming stick arrives in the UK -... Share this article The NX mini additionally features interchangeable lenses, including a 9-27mm compact lens, and a 9mm wide-angle lens, perfect for taking group selfies. This lens would have been particularly useful during this year's Oscars ceremony when Bradley Cooper took the now ubiquitous selfie of various Hollywood stars on Ellen De Generes' phone. Other specifications of the NX mini include a 6 frames-per-second (fps) Continuous Shot mode, Wi-Fi and NFC capability, and photo filters. Samsung even claims the camera doubles up as a baby monitor. When it detects noise using its built-in microphone, a connected smartphone is activated via an app, meaning parents can see their child. Samsung’s NX mini is available in the U. S for $449. UK release date and pricing has not been announced yet.+4The NX mini additionally features interchangeable lenses including a 9mm wide-angle lens, perfect for taking group selfies. This would have been useful during this year's Oscars ceremony when Bradley Cooper took the now ubiquitous selfie of various Hollywood stars on Ellen De Generes' phone, pictured Samsung claim the camera, pictured, also doubles up as a baby monitor. When a built-in microphone detects noise, a connected smartphone is activated via an app, meaning parents can see their child. The NX mini is available in the U. S for $449, a UK release date and pricing hasn't been announced A Samsung spokesman said: ‘The 'selfie' has found a permanent place in vocabularies across the world in recent years and its popularity shows no sign of stopping.‘Reflecting this recent consumer trend, the NX mini has a range of exclusive features which make taking amazing selfies effortless. 'When synced to a smartphone or tablet, photos on the NX mini can be shared over Wi-Fi, or by pressing the camera to another enabled device using NFC. The NX mini weighs 158g and comes in four colours – white, green, black and pink. However, pink won't be available in the UK.+4Other specifications include a 6 frames-per-second (fps) Continuous Shot mode, Wi-Fi and NFC capability, and photo filters. It is available in four colours - white, green, pink, and black. Pink won't be available in the UK+4A Samsung spokesman said: 'The 'selfie' has found a permanent place in vocabularies across the world in recent years and its popularity shows no sign of stopping. Reflecting this recent consumer trend, the NX mini has a range of exclusive features which make taking amazing selfies effortless Advertisement Share or comment on this article Most watched News videos Embed this Shocking moment 13-year-old is brutally attacked by two girls Trump disparages FBI raid on his personal attorney Michael... Topless Nicole Vargas arrested after giving oral sex in public Syrian films 'missiles flying over country after chemical attack Man removes floral tributes to burglar killed by OAP in Hither Green President Trump condemns 'heinous' chemical attack in... Manchester teacher accused of sex with schoolboy leaves court Shocking moment road rage driver swerves and runs down biker Electric baths for flat feet and naps in the fresh air...... Engineer turns his singing Big Mouth Billy Bass into a... Families are left terrified as brawl breaks out in stands... Couple in Sydney's exclusive eastern suburbs charged with... 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MOST READ NEWSPrevious Next● ● ● ●Comments 9Share what you think Newest Oldest Best rated Worst rated The comments below have not been moderated.edzzup, ramona, ca, usa, 4 years ago WHEN will your writers grasp the meaning of ""selfie""? Never, is my guess.24Click to rateiamnickmurray, Walton on Thames, United Kingdom, 4 years ago I have a 4 or 5 year old Samsung camera that can be set to take a picture when if detects a smile AND it has a screen on the front so you can position your ""selfie"" correctly. Mind you, I suppose this wouldn't work for the ridiculous pout brigade.07Click to rate Vicky, Ware, 4 years ago Yeah this has been done before years ago15Click to ratepaulfromlancashire, Preston, 4 years ago Olympus did that first...the olympus pen series of cameras26Click to rate Tommy Dumpling, Derbyshire, 4 years ago Cue a million photos that look like someone's got sand in their eye. Excellent idea. Although I think whatever phone kids use these days works the same only it's activated by pouting a duckface216Click to rate Keef, Kent, United Kingdom, 4 years ago I don't want to be winking in every picture, people might think there's something wrong with me.28Click to rate Bodragon, London, United Kingdom, 4 years ago""A 3-inch touchscreen display flips out from the back of the device and rotates 180-degrees"" If it flips up from the back, the it doesn't need to then rotate at all. It will be already facing frontwards.28Click to ratecaptain boing, london, United Kingdom, 4 years ago OH...............sorry.............a simple WINK..................silly me...............................53Click to rate Michael, London, United Kingdom, 4 years ago Wouldn't the Samsung 'Oscar' have been a better name, for most viewed selfie? ;-)414Click to rate The views expressed in the contents above are those of our users and do not necessarily reflect the views of Mail Online. 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UFC star Paige Van Zant says she was gang-raped at age 14 by students from her high school and it left her on the brink of suicide Ex-DWTS contestant Tracy Morgan sports dapper gray suit as he accepts Hollywood Walk of Fame star with his family Emotional moment after his life-changing crash Hailey Baldwin says Kylie Jenner's daughter Stormi 'is one of the most beautiful babies I've ever seen' The 21-year-old model is smitten with tot t Amal Clooney on romancing George and raising twins: Lawyer reveals actor wooed her with emails in the voice of his dog when she'd given up on love at 35EXCLUSIVE: Obama aide reveals how the groupie president fawned over celebs and was steamed when high school coach called his wife 'fat-butt Michelle'Former Silicon Valley star TJ Miller is arrested at La Guardia Airport for 'calling in a fake bomb threat' from an Amtrak train More trouble for star Celebrating his inner child! Lego artist transforms You Tuber Jake Paul's Calabasas mansion by installing thousands of the toy bricks INSIDE the walls RHONJ star Jacqueline Laurita says she and autistic son were kicked out of public library because he was 'tapping DVDs and making a bit of noise'Break out the fat-suit: Ripped Homeland star Damian Lewis will play obese, crack-smoking former Toronto Mayor Rob Ford in new movie Unlikely casting Eye-popping Rita Ora puts on a VERY busty display in tight white sweater as she heads out in New York She's been putting on a fashion parade Adriana Lima leaves the gym with sweat-drenched hair as she flaunts her flat abs in sexy sports bra Brazilian model has one of best bodies in fashion Anna Faris calls decision to get breast augmentation 'f***ing awesome' as she talks Chris Pratt Said she wanted 'to fill out a bikini'Amal Clooney's mother reveals she was advised to abort her due to a placenta condition - but she ignored the advice after having dreams of future daughter's face Kim Kardashian shows off her curves in microscopic hot pink bikini during Turks and Caicos vacation Put her famous figure on display in Caribbean Nicki Minaj's seductive pose for new song Chun Li resembles Lil' Kim's Hard Core image The 35-year-old singer shared a photo to Instagram Katie Holmes seems to be following in ex Tom Cruise's footsteps as she takes on action role The 39-year-old actress transformed into an FBI agent saving a senator Cardi B is 'prepared' for motherhood... but admits she only 'kinda, sorta' considered abortion Rapper made shocking confession Dad's night off! Prince William is spotted at Aston Villa vs Cardiff City soccer game - leaving a heavily pregnant Duchess of Cambridge at home Paulina Porizkova shares adorable picture of herself as a little girl to mark 53rd birthday - after posting a SIZZLING snap in a tiny pink bikini Ne Ne Leakes steps out in Gucci T-shirt as pal EJ Johnson looks chic in crop top and mini skirt The reality stars started their week right, enjoying dinner out at Craig's Kylie Minogue dazzles in a floor-length pink and gold gown as she promotes new album Golden in Germany Made an appearance on the Markus Lanz show Legendary model Claudia Schiffer, 47, looks chic in leopard print scarf and skinny jeans as she steps out with her daughters in NYCJennifer Lopez's trainer Tracy Anderson, 43, reveals fit abs as she says singer 'never hates on herself' Talks about J. Lo's confidence Jessica Simpson lifts the lid on her VERY active sex life with hubby Eric Johnson as she jokes they 'always practice' making babies Haven't slowed down Bad Girls Club reality TV star Nicky Vargas is arrested while topless for giving oral sex to her boyfriend in the parking lot of a Florida apartment complex Carrie Underwood says her face 'is healing really nicely' after getting 50 stitches Singer shared an update with fans, saying she's 'doing pretty darn good'Diane Kruger is comfortably chic in fuzzy teddy bear coat and personalized Christian Dior handbag as she steps out in New York City Taylor Swift fan robs bank and throws cash onto her Rhode Island home in hopes of impressing star The suspect was arrested last week Cindy Crawford and mini-me daughter Kaia Gerber coordinate in b&w outfits in Beverly Hills The supermodel easily defied her 52 years Pregnant Zara Tindall cuts a somber figure as she joins her mother Princess Anne for the funeral of equestrian sport commentator Mike Tucker Gretchen Rossi stuns in gold bandage dress as she joins Real Housewives stars in West Hollywood Big get together at Craig's restaurant Marie Osmond, 58, proves Hollywood friendships DO last as she poses with pal Priscilla Presley, 72 Old pals spent some time together Chris Pine and Annabelle Wallis pictured together for the first time at swanky dinner in Malibu amid romance rumors Pair looked smitten Emily Blunt nearly missed the chance to work with husband in his horror film A Quiet Place She asked Krasinski to 'cast a friend'Seth Meyers reveals wife Alexi Ashe gave birth to second son on Sunday....in the LOBBY of their NYC apartment building Cops helped cut the cord Advertisement From the Makers of Candy Crush Farm Heroes Saga, the #4 Game on i Tunes. 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Apple Watch Series 3: The smartwatch that liberates you from your phone Apple's Watch will free you from your phone - while making sure you don't suffer the fear of missing out. It's a huge step forward, and a compelling reason for the average user to buy a smartwatch.i Phone 8: Why a lack of X appeal shouldn't put you off While the i Phone X may have stolen the headlines, in fact the i Phone 8 could be the sleeper hit of Apple's new range, offering the same power as the X but with features and a design users trust. Is it really worth paying £280 for Nintendo's Switch? Mail Online's verdict While the design is impressive and easy to use, the game line up is disappointing. The $1,000 wireless speaker that really IS worth the price: Naim Mu-so Qb review Naim's incredible Mu-So Qb takes you back to the good old days - where the music captivates and enthralls, rather that simply being something in the background. The best all in one wireless speaker you'll ever hear: Naim Mu-so review It might not be a name familiar to the US market, but Naim is a legendary British brand hoping to make a splash with the American launch of its $1499 Mu: So speaker. The hi-tech $2,000 spin bike that really could change your life Peloton's hi-tech bike lets you stream live and on demand rides to your home - and it's one of the best examples of fitness technology out there - at a price. Advertisement From the Makers of Candy Crush Farm Heroes Saga, the #4 Game on i Tunes. Play it now!more Head Start to Home Cooked Get Recipesmore Download our i Phone app Download our Android app Next story Strip club worker who 'kissed and spent hotel weekend with Tristan Thompson’ days before girlfriend Khloe Kardashian gives birth posts a SEX TAPE with him before quickly deleting it as video emerges of NBA star with two girls2.4k comments "


is copper one of the metals needed by human body

Copper is one of the elements that is essential to life in tiny amounts (often referred to as trace elements), although larger amounts can be toxic. About 0.0004 percent of the weight of the human body is copper. It can be found in such foods as liver, shellfish, nuts, raisins, and dried beans.

Transition elements

"Transition elements Follow City-Data.com founder on our Forum or @Lech Mazur Photo by: Patrick Hermans The transition elements are the elements that make up Groups 3 through 12 of the periodic table. These elements, all of which are metals, include some of the best-known names on the periodic table—iron, gold, silver, copper, mercury, zinc, nickel, chromium, and platinum among them. A number of other transition elements are probably somewhat less familiar, although they have vital industrial applications. These elements include titanium, vanadium, manganese, zirconium, molybdenum, palladium, and tungsten. One member of the transition family deserves special mention. Technetium (element #43) is one of only two ""light"" elements that does not occur in nature. It was originally produced synthetically in 1937 among the products of a cyclotron reaction. The discoverers of technetium were Italian physicists Carlo Perrier and Emilio Segré (1905–1989). The transition elements share many physical properties in common. With the notable exception of mercury, the only liquid metal, they all have relatively high melting and boiling points. They also have a shiny, lustrous, metallic appearance that may range from silver to gold to white to gray. In addition, the transition metals share some chemical properties. For example, they tend to form complexes, compounds in which a group of atoms cluster around a single metal atom. Ordinary copper sulfate, for example, normally occurs in a configuration that includes four water molecules surrounding a single copper ion. Transition element complexes have many medical and industrial applications. Another common property of the transition elements is their tendency to form colored compounds. Some of the most striking and beautiful chemical compounds known are those that include transition metals. Copper compounds tend to be blue or green; chromium compounds are yellow, orange, or green; nickel compounds are blue, green, or yellow; and manganese compounds are purple, black, or green. Words to Know Amalgam: An alloy that contains mercury. Basic oxygen process (BOP): A method for making steel in which a mixture of pig iron, scrap iron, and scrap steel is melted in a large steel container and a blast of pure oxygen is blown through the container. Bessemer convertor: A device for converting pig iron to steel in which a blast of hot air is blown through molten pig iron. Blast furnace: A structure in which a metallic ore (often, iron ore) is reduced to the elemental state. Cast iron: A term used to describe various forms of iron that also contain anywhere from 0.5 to 4.2 percent carbon and 0.2 to 3.5 percent silicon. Complex: A chemical compound in which a single metal atom is surrounded by two or more groups of atoms. Ductile: Capable of being drawn or stretched into a thin wire. Electrolytic cell: A system in which electrical energy is used to bring about chemical changes. Electrolytic copper: A very pure form of copper. Malleable: Capable of being rolled or hammered into thin sheets. Open hearth process: A method for making steel in which a blast of hot air or oxygen is blown across the surface of a molten mixture of pig iron, hematite, scrap iron, and limestone in a large brick container. Patina: A corrosion-resistant film that often develops on copper surfaces. Pig iron: A form of iron consisting of approximately 90 percent pure iron and the remaining 10 percent of various impurities. Slag: A by-product of the reactions by which iron is produced, consisting primarily of calcium silicate. The discussion that follows focuses on only three of the transition elements: iron, copper, and mercury. These three elements are among the best known and most widely used of all chemical elements. Iron Iron is the fourth most abundant element in Earth's crust, following oxygen, silicon, and aluminum. In addition, Earth's core is believed to consist largely of iron. The element rarely occurs in an uncombined form but is usually found as a mineral such as hematite (iron [III] oxide), magnetite (lodestone, a mixture of iron [II] and iron [III] oxides), limonite (hydrated iron [III] oxide), pyrite (iron sulfide), and siderite (iron [II] carbonate). Properties. Iron is a silver-white or gray metal with a melting point of 2,795°F (1,535°C) and a boiling point of 4,982°F (2,750°C). Its chemical symbol, Fe, is taken from the Latin name for iron, ferrum. It is both malleable and ductile. Malleability is a property common to most metals, meaning that a substance can be hammered into thin sheets. Many metals are also ductile, meaning that they can be drawn into a fine wire. In a pure form, iron is relatively soft and slightly magnetic. When hardened, it becomes much more magnetic. Iron is the most widely used of all metals. Prior to its use, however, it must be treated in some way to improve its properties, or it must be combined with one or more other elements (in this case, another metal) to form an alloy. By far the most popular alloy of iron is steel. One of the most common forms of iron is pig iron, produced by smelting iron ore with coke (nearly pure carbon) and limestone in a blast furnace. (Smelting is the process of obtaining a pure metal from its ore.) Pig iron is approximately 90 percent pure iron and is used primarily in the production of cast iron and steel. Cast iron is a term used to describe various forms of iron that also contain carbon and silicon ranging in concentrations from 0.5 to 4.2 percent of the former and 0.2 to 3.5 percent of the latter. Cast iron has a vast array of uses in products ranging from thin rings to massive turbine bodies. Wrought iron contains small amounts of a number of other elements, including carbon, silicon, phosphorus, sulfur, chromium, nickel, cobalt, copper, and molybdenum. Wrought iron can be fabricated into a number of forms and is widely used because of its resistance to corrosion. How iron is obtained. Iron is one of the handful of elements that was known to ancient civilizations. Originally it was prepared by heating a naturally occurring ore of iron with charcoal in a very hot flame. The charcoal was obtained by heating wood in the absence of air. There is some evidence that this method of preparation was known as early as 3000 B. C. But the secret of ore smelting was carefully guarded within the Hittite civilization of the Near East for almost 2,000 years. Then, when that civilization fell in about 1200 B. C. , the process of iron ore smelting spread throughout eastern and southern Europe. Iron-smiths were soon making ornamental objects, simple tools, and weapons from iron. So dramatic was the impact of this new technology on human societies that the period following 1200 B. C. is generally known as the Iron Age. A major change in the technique for producing iron from its ores occurred around 1709. As trees (and therefore the charcoal made from them) grew increasingly scarce in Great Britain, English inventor Abraham Darby (c. 1678–1717) discovered a method for making coke from soft coal. Since coal was abundant in the British Isles, Darby's technique provided for a consistent and dependable method of converting iron ores to the pure metal. The modern production of iron involves heating iron ore with coke and limestone in a blast furnace, where temperatures range from 400°F (200°C) at the top of the furnace to 3,600°F (2,000°C) at the bottom. Some blast furnaces are as tall as 15-story buildings and can produce 2,400 tons (2,180 metric tons) of iron per day. Inside a blast furnace, a number of chemical reactions occur. One of these involves the reaction of coke (nearly pure carbon) with oxygen to form carbon monoxide. This carbon monoxide then reacts with iron ore to form pure iron and carbon dioxide. Limestone is added to the reaction mixture to remove impurities in the iron ore. The product of this reaction, known as slag, consists primarily of calcium silicate. The iron formed in a blast furnace exists in a molten form (called pig iron) that can be drawn off at the bottom of the furnace. The slag also is molten but less dense than the iron. It is drawn off from taps just above the outlet from which the molten iron is removed. Early efforts to use pig iron for commercial and industrial applications were not very successful. The material proved to be quite brittle, and objects made from it tended to break easily. Cannons made of pig iron, for example, were likely to blow apart when they fired a shell. By 1760, inventors had begun to find ways of toughening pig iron. These methods involved remelting the pig iron and then burning off the carbon that remained mixed with the product. The most successful early device for accomplishing this step was the Bessemer converter, named after its English inventor, Henry Bessemer (1813–1898). In the Bessemer converter, a blast of hot air is blown through molten pig iron. The process results in the formation of stronger forms of iron: cast and wrought iron. More importantly, when additional elements such as manganese and chromium are added to the converter, a new product—steel—is formed. Later inventions improved on the production of steel by the Bessemer converter. In the open hearth process, for example, a mix of molten pig iron, hematite, scrap iron, and limestone is placed into a large brick container. A blast of hot air or oxygen is then blown across the surface of the molten mixture. Chemical reactions within the molten mixture result in the formation of either pure iron or, with the addition of alloying metals such as manganese or chromium, a high grade of steel. An even more recent variation on the Bessemer converter concept is the basic oxygen process (BOP). In the BOP, a mixture of pig iron, scrap iron, and scrap steel is melted in a large steel container and a blast of pure oxygen is blown through the container. The introduction of alloying metals makes possible the production of various types of steel with many different properties. Uses of iron. Alloyed with other metals, iron is the most widely used of all metallic elements. The way in which it is alloyed determines the uses to which the final product is put. Steel, for example, is a general term used to describe iron alloyed with carbon and, in some cases, with other elements. The American Iron and Steel Institute recognizes 27 standard types of steel. Three of these are designated as carbon steels that may contain, in addition to carbon, small amounts of phosphorus and/or sulfur. Another 20 types of steel are made of iron alloyed with one or more A magnet separating the iron from an iron-sulfur mixture. (Reproduced by permission of Phototake. )of the following elements: chromium, manganese, molybdenum, nickel, silicon, and vanadium. Finally, four types of stainless and heat-resisting steels contain some combination of chromium, nickel, and manganese alloyed with iron. Steel is widely used in many types of construction. It has at least six times the strength of concrete, another traditional building material, and about three times the strength of special forms of high-strength concrete. A combination of these two materials—called reinforced concrete—is one of the strongest of all building materials available to architects. The strength of steel has made possible some remarkable feats of construction, including very tall buildings (skyscrapers) and bridges with very wide spans. It also has been used in the manufacture of automobile bodies, ship hulls, and heavy machinery and machine parts. Metallurgists (specialists in the science and technology of metals) have invented special iron alloys to meet very specific needs. Alloys of cobalt and iron (both magnetic materials themselves) can be used in the manufacture of very powerful permanent magnets. Steels that contain the element niobium (originally called columbium) have unusually great strength and have been used, among other places, in the construction of nuclear reactors. Tungsten steels also are very strong and have been used in the production of high-speed metal cutting tools and drills. The alloying of aluminum with iron produces a material that can be used in AC (alternating current) magnetic circuits since it can gain and lose magnetism very quickly. Metallic iron has other applications as well. Its natural magnetic properties make it suitable for both permanent magnets and electromagnets. It also is used in the production of various types of dyes, including blueprint paper and certain inks, and in the manufacture of abrasives. Biochemical applications. Iron is essential to the survival of all vertebrates. Hemoglobin, the molecule in blood that transports oxygen from the lungs to an organism's cells, contains a single iron atom buried deep within its complex structure. When humans do not take in sufficient amounts of iron in their daily diets, they may develop a disorder known as anemia. Anemia is characterized by a loss of skin color, a weakness and tendency to faint, palpitation of the heart, and a general sense of exhaustion. Iron also is important to the good health of plants. It is found in a group of compounds known as porphyrins (pronounced POUR-fuhrinz) that play an important role in the growth and development of plant cells. Plants that lack iron have a tendency to lose their color, become weak, and die. Copper Copper is one of only two metals with a distinctive color (the other being gold). Copper is often described as having a reddish-brown hue. It has a melting point of 1,985°F (1,085°C) and a boiling point 4,645°F (2,563°C). Its chemical symbol, Cu, is derived from the Latin name for the element, cuprum.

Copper also is found in an essential biochemical compound known as hemocyanin. Hemocyanin is chemically similar to the red hemoglobin found in human blood, which has an iron atom in the center of its molecule. By contrast, hemocyanin contains an atom of copper rather than iron in its core. Lobsters and other large crustaceans have blue blood whose color is caused by the presence of hemocyanin. History of copper. Copper was one of the first metals known to humans. One reason for this fact is that copper occurs not only as ores (compounds that must be converted to metal) but occasionally as native copper, a pure form of the element found in the ground. In prehistoric times an early human could actually find a chunk of pure copper in the earth and hammer it into a tool with a rock. Native copper was mined and used in the Tigris-Euphrates valley (modern Iraq) as long as 7,000 years ago. Copper ores have been mined for at least 5,000 years because it is fairly easy to get the copper out of the ore. For example, if an ore of copper oxide is heated in a wood fire, the carbon in the charcoal reacts with oxygen in the oxide and converts it to pure copper metal. Making pure copper. Extremely pure copper (greater than 99.95 percent purity) is generally called electrolytic copper because it is made by the process known as electrolysis. Electrolysis is a reaction by which electrical energy is used to bring about some kind of chemical change. The high purity is needed because most copper is used to make electrical equipment. Small amounts of impurities present in copper can seriously reduce its ability to conduct electricity. Even 0.05 percent of arsenic as an impurity, for example, will reduce copper's conductivity by 15 percent. Electric wires must be made of very pure copper, especially if the electricity is to be carried for many miles through high-voltage transmission lines. Uses of copper. By far the most important use of copper is in electrical wiring. It is an excellent conductor of electricity (second only to silver), it can be made extremely pure, it corrodes very slowly, and it can be formed easily into thin wires. Copper is also an important ingredient of many useful alloys. (An alloy is a mixture of one metal with another to improve on the original metal's properties.) Brass is an alloy of copper and zinc. If the brass contains mostly copper, it is a golden yellow color; if it contains mostly zinc, it is pale yellow or silvery. Brass is one of the most useful of all alloys. It can be cast or machined into everything from candlesticks to cheap, gold-imitating jewelry (but this type of jewelry often turns human skin green—the copper reacts with salts and acids in the skin to form green copper chloride and other compounds). Several other copper alloys include: bronze, which is mainly copper plus tin; German silver and sterling silver, which consist of silver plus copper; and silver tooth fillings, which contain about 12 percent copper. Probably the first alloy ever to be made and used by humans was bronze. Archaeologists broadly divide human history into three periods. The Bronze Age (c. 4000–3000 B. C. ) is the second of these periods, occurring after the Stone Age and before the Iron Age. During the Bronze Age, both bronze and pure copper were used for making tools and weapons. Copper sample from northern Michigan. (Reproduced by permission of JLM Visuals. )Because it resists corrosion and conducts heat well, copper is widely used in plumbing and heating applications. Copper pipes and tubing are used to distribute hot and cold water through houses and other buildings. Copper's superior ability to conduct heat also makes it useful in the manufacture of cooking utensils such as pots and pans. An even temperature across the pan bottom is important for cooking so food doesn't burn or stick to hot spots. The insides of the pans must be coated with tin, however, to keep excessive amounts of copper from seeping into the food. Copper corrodes only slowly in moist air—much more slowly than iron rusts. First, it darkens in color because of the formation of a thin layer of black copper oxide. Then, as the years go by, the copper oxide is converted into a bluish-green patina (a surface appearance that comes with age) of basic copper carbonate. The green color of the Statue of Liberty, for example, was formed in this way. Mercury Mercury, the only liquid metal, has a beautiful silvery color. Its chemical symbol, Hg, comes from the Latin name of the element, hydrargyrum, for ""liquid silver."" Mercury has a melting point of −38°F (−70°C) and a boiling point of 673°F (352.5°C). Its presence in Earth's crust is relatively low compared to other elements, equal to about 0.08 parts per million. Mercury is not considered to be rare, however, because it is found in large, highly concentrated deposits. Nearly all mercury exists in the form of a red ore called cinnabar, or mercury (II) sulfide. Sometimes shiny globules of mercury appear among outcrops of cinnabar, which is probably the reason that mercury was discovered so long ago. The metal is relatively easy to extract from the ore. In fact, the modern technique for extracting mercury is nearly identical in principle to the method used centuries ago. Cinnabar is heated in the open air. Oxygen in the air reacts with sulfur in the cinnabar, producing pure mercury metal. The mercury metal vaporizes and is allowed to condense on a cool surface, from which it can be collected. Mercury does not react readily with air, water, acids, alkalis, or most other chemicals. It has a surface tension six times greater than that of water. Surface tension refers to the tendency of a liquid to form a tough ""skin"" on its surface. The high surface tension of mercury explains its tendency not to ""wet"" surfaces with which it comes into contact. No one knows exactly when mercury was discovered, but many ancient civilizations were familiar with this element. As long ago as Roman times, people had learned to extract mercury from ore and used it to purify gold and silver. Ore containing gold or silver would be crushed and treated with mercury, which rejects impurities, to form a mercury alloy, called an amalgam. When the amalgam is heated, the mercury vaporizes, leaving pure gold or silver behind. Toxicity. Mercury and all of its compounds are extremely poisonous. The element also has no known natural function in the human body. Classified as a heavy metal, mercury is difficult for the body to eliminate. This means that even small amounts of the metal can act as a cumulative poison, collecting over a long period of time until it reaches a dangerous level. Humans can absorb mercury through any mucous membrane and through the skin. Its vapor can be inhaled, and mercury can be ingested in foods such as fish, eggs, meat, and grain. In the body, mercury affects the nervous system, liver, and kidneys. Symptoms of mercury poisoning include tremors, tunnel vision, loss of balance, slurred speech, and unpredictable emotions. (Tunnel vision is a narrowing of the visual field so Droplets of mercury, the only liquid metal. (Reproduced by permission of Photo Researchers, Inc.)that peripheral vision—the outer part of the field of vision that encompasses the far right and far left sides—is completely eliminated.) The phrase ""mad as a hatter"" owes it origin to symptoms of mercury poisoning that afflicted hatmakers in the 1800s, when a mercury compound was used to prepare beaver fur and felt materials. Until recently, scientists thought that inorganic mercury was relatively harmless. As a result, industrial wastes containing mercury were routinely discharged into large bodies of water. Then, in the 1950s, more than 100 people in Japan were poisoned by fish containing mercury. Forty-three people died, dozens more were horribly crippled, and babies born after the outbreak developed irreversible damage. It was found that inorganic mercury in industrial wastes had been converted to a much more harmful organic form known as methyl mercury. As this substance works its way up the food chain, its quantities accumulate to dangerous levels in larger fish. Today, the dumping of mercury-containing wastes has been largely banned, and many of its industrial uses have been halted. Uses. Mercury is used widely in a variety of measuring instruments and devices, such as thermometers, barometers, hydrometers, and pyrometers. It also is used in electrical switches and relays, in mercury arc lamps, and for the extraction of gold and silver from amalgams. A small amount is still used in the preparation of amalgams for dental repairs. The largest single use of mercury today, however, is in electrolytic cells, in which sodium chloride is converted to metallic sodium and gaseous chlorine. The mercury is used to form an amalgam with sodium in the cells. [ See also Alloy ] "


what is your mandible

In human anatomy, the mandible is the lower jawbone, providing structure to the chin and support for the lower teeth. Another name for the mandible bone is the inferior maxillary bone. It is a U-shaped bone which extends from one ear down to the chin and back up to the ear on the other side of the head.

What is the Mandible?

Vertical extensions of the mandible form left and right joints with the main portion of the skull, the cranium, to form the jawbone joints. The name for these joints is the tempero mandibular joints. In mandible anatomy, names are given to various parts of the jawbone. The main names for the different parts of the mandible are the body, the condoyle, the coronoid process, and the ascending ramus. The body is the middle part of the bone that forms a U-shape and holds the lower teeth. The condoyles are the rounded projections at both sides of the upper back part of the bone. These round pieces of bone fit into the joint with the cranium on each side of the head, slightly lower than the ear. Together with the cranium sockets and the associated muscle tissue, the condoyles form the jawbone joints. Ad The coronoid process is a piece of bone that protrudes upwards from the mandible at the back of the teeth. There are two coronoid processes, one at each side of the jaw. The muscles that are used for chewing are attached to the coronoid processes and they then attach to the cranium. The ascending ramus is the name for the portion of bone that joins the U-shaped body of the jawbone to the condoyles and the coronoid processes. The ascending ramus is typically a flat portion of bone. It gives shape to the facial jaw line. Significant proportions of facial injuries, particularly those sustained in traffic accidents and in assaults, result in fractured mandibles. In addition to fractures, mandibular dislocations, or dislocation of the jaw, may occur. The jawbone can be dislocated downwards or sideways, but very rarely is it dislocated to the back. Another medical condition often associated with the mandible is periodontitis, otherwise known as gum disease. Gum disease occurs when bacteria and plaque build up on the teeth, both above and below the gum line. In advanced cases, the damage is not limited to the gums and teeth but also begins to affect the mandibular bone that holds the teeth in place. The bone is eroded and teeth are often lost. Ad You might also Like Recommended Related wise GEEK Articles What Is the Gonion? What Is Gomphosis? What Is the Mandibular Foramen? What Is a Coronoid Fracture? What Is Micrognathia? What Is the Mandibular Symphysis? What Are the Mandibular Muscles? Ad Discuss this Articlestarrynight Post 4@Jane Air- Gum disease is easily prevented and treated though. To prevent gum disease simply brush regularly, floss, and use mouthwash. Regular visits to the dentist are also essential. A dentist can catch any developing periodontal disease before it become serious enough to affect your maxilla and mandible. Jane Air Post 3This article really freaked me out! I didn't know gum disease could result in damage to the actual jawbone. I suppose it makes sense though. The teeth are connected to the mandible and the maxilla so it stands to reason an infection could easily spread from the teeth to the underlying bones.jonrss Post 2For some reason, I always like the fact that the skull contained two pieces with a big moving joint connecting them. There is just something kind of magical and mysterious about recognizing the ways that your appearance goes right down to your skeleton. You skull looks just like you, just absent skin and a little bit of flesh. Related Topics Mandible Maxilla Mandible Mandible Records Mandible Surgery Mandible Painnextcorrea Post 1The mandible is important not only for maintaining the function of the mouth and jaws but also for defining the look of the face. For many people, the look of their jaw line is one of their most recognizable features. Think about how many male models have jaws that come down in a straight line before jutting in at an extreme angle to meet at the chine. Often a more extreme angle is considered more attractive. Its kind of strange that we have developed this particular standard of beauty, but people really want to have good looking mandibles. Post your comments Post Anonymously Loginusernamepasswordforgot password? Registerusernamepasswordconfirmemail


what is drang und sturm?

Sturm und Drang is a proto-Romantic movement in German literature and music taking place from the late 1760s to the early 1780s, in which individual subjectivity and, in particular, extremes of emotion were given free expression in reaction to the perceived constraints of rationalism imposed by the Enlightenment and associated aesthetic movements.

Translations for sturm und drang

"Princeton's Word Net (0.00 / 0 votes)Rate this definition:turbulence, upheaval, Sturm und Drang (noun)a state of violent disturbance and disorder (as in politics or social conditions generally)""the industrial revolution was a period of great turbulence""Wiktionary (0.00 / 0 votes)Rate this definition: Sturm und Drang (Noun)Turmoil; a period of emotional intensity and anxiety. Origin: Borrowed from German phrase with the same figurative meaning. Freebase (0.00 / 0 votes)Rate this definition: Sturm und Drang

The period is named for Friedrich Maximilian Klinger's play Sturm und Drang, which was first performed by Abel Seyler's famed theatrical company in 1777. The philosopher Johann Georg Hamann is considered to be the ideologue of Sturm und Drang, with Jakob Michael Reinhold Lenz, H. L. Wagner and Friedrich Maximilian Klinger also significant figures. Johann Wolfgang von Goethe was also a notable proponent of the movement, though he and Friedrich Schiller ended their period of association with it by initiating what would become Weimar Classicism. Suggested Resources (0.00 / 0 votes)Rate this definition:sturm und drang Song lyrics by sturm und drang -- Explore a large variety of song lyrics performed by sturm und drang on the Lyrics.com website. Numerology Chaldean Numerology The numerical value of sturm und drang in Chaldean Numerology is: 4Pythagorean Numerology The numerical value of sturm und drang in Pythagorean Numerology is: 3Images & Illustrations of sturm und drang Translations for sturm und drang From our Multilingual Translation Dictionary Sturm und drang Norwegian Get even more translations for sturm und drang »Translation Find a translation for the sturm und drang definition in other languages: Select another language: Discuss these sturm und drang definitions with the community: Word of the Day Would you like us to send you a FREE new word definition delivered to your inbox daily? Please enter your email address: Subscribe Citation Use the citation below to add this definition to your bibliography: Style: MLA Chicago APA""sturm und drang."" Definitions.net. STANDS4 LLC, 2018. Web. 7 Apr. 2018. < https://www.definitions.net/definition/sturm und drang >. Are we missing a good definition for sturm und drang? Don't keep it to yourself... Submit Definition "


what kind of exam in aca

The core information about the ACA exam is as follows: About the ACA Exam The ACA or the Associate Chartered Accountant Program is a premier course designed by the Institute of Chartered Accountants in England and Wales (ICAEW).

ACA Exam â Associate Chartered Accountant Guide

ACA Exam – Associate Chartered Accountant Guide By Dheeraj Vaidya Leave a Comment ACA Exam – Associate Chartered Accountant Guide – No one likes to be stuck in one place forever. Desire spirals the way to succeed and the easiest shortcut to achieve professional success are working hard and taking relevant professional courses to boost your career prospects. In an industry where talent is not scarce but jobs are, experience combined with updated knowledge of the current times gives an edge to an individual over his competitors. Let us help you in giving your growth a right direction by helping you in taking a decision towards the right course. In this article we will give you the nuts and bolts of the ACA examination. Please read ahead carefully. The article aims to provide you with the best possible information on the ACA course to enrich your knowledge and aid you in your decision making process. The article is going to cover the following topics: About the ACA Exam ACA Exam Completion Criteria Why Pursue ACA Qualification? ACA Exam Format Work Experience Requirement Key Highlights about the Exam Format ACA Exam Topics Breakdown ACA Examination Fees ACA Results and Passing Rates ACA Study Resources ACA Exam Strategy Before you read on what the ACA course is all about, let us answer the question of your curious mind, Why ACA is one of the most sought after certifications for Accounting Professionals? The ACA qualification is valued by corporates world over. The course enjoys the reputation of seeking the best talent and turning them into highly technical and accounting updated professionals. The ACA examination rigorously trains the students to be prepared for the situations in the real world environment. They are taught to be technically sound with detailed information about the in and out of the finance industry. The course format and exam structure is extremely student friendly ensuring the best possible way for studying as well as ensuring their work commitments are not hampered.

The ACA is considered to be the most reputed exam to achieve the Chartered Accountant designation. This course is noted for its difficulty level as well as the diverse areas of opportunities it opens up for the partaking candidates in the field of accountancy. ICAEW is the largest body of qualified accountants and ACA is their sole focus of education, ensuring that the syllabus is regularly checked keeping to the demands of the industry needs. Roles: An ACA cleared candidate is open to mainly work in these four sectors: public practice, business, financial services and charity. The candidate is allowed to offer services under the designation of Chartered Accountant (ACA) or the Fellow Chartered Accountant (FCA) depending on their experience and membership with the ICAEW. An ACA qualified has the excellent opportunity to rise to the position of financial directors or becoming partners very early in their career. The other roles open for them are business analyst, practice partner, finance director, CEO or even running their own business. Exam: The ACA examination has three levels with 15 modules and exams. The three levels are Certificate Level, professional Level and Advanced Level. Candidates are eligible for exemption due to prior study in the Certificate and Professional Levels. Exam Dates: The ACA exam for the Professional Level is held during March, June, September and December while the Advanced Level is held in July and November. The Deal: Rewarding careers after you successfully clear the examination. Eligibility: The minimum educational requirements needed to be eligible for ACA program are: A recognized graduate degree from any of the recognized accredited Universities Education that is equivalent to high school Certificate in Finance, Accounting and Business (ICAEW)Member of AATStudent of AAT who has achieved NVQ Level 3 Intermediate Stage Member of ACCA, CIMA or CIPFAStudent of ACCA, CIMA, CIPFA, CAI or ICAS who has sat and passed all papers of every examination stage of the body concerned, up to and including the following examinations , ACCA Advanced Diploma in Accounting and Business, CIMA Certificate in Business Accounting, CIPFA Professional Certificate, CAI Proficiency II, ICAS Test of Competence, Pass in a recognized Accountancy Foundation Course ACA Qualification Completion Criteria The criteria to complete the program has four essential elements to be eligible for the ICAEW membership, examinations , technical work experience (TWE), initial professional development (IPD) and structured training in ethics (STE). Students are required to complete a training program within a period of three years and also undergo regular appraisal/progress reviews with their employer. On completion of these a copy of the completed ETWE (evidence of technical work experience) form to ICAEW needs to be provided and then a candidate will be invited to ICAEW membership. Recommended Study Hours: An average of 400 to 600 hours needs to be dedicated to successfully clear the ACA examination. What do you earn? A degree that provides you knowledge, skill and expertise that ensures you stand out in the job market. Why Pursue ACA Exam? Pursuing ACA has its share of advantages and they are sure to be concentrated upon. It can definitely benefit your career in a massive way by increasing your earning potential and making you far more visible in the job market than your peers. However, there are others pros that also need to be taken into account before embarking on your journey towards achieving this certificate course. The ACA certificate is earned through a training contract which means that the candidates enjoy structured instructions and proper teaching for the syllabus set. Apart from this students also enjoy a time period given to study for the exams; while there books and fees are entirely paid. An ACA training candidate enjoys a lucrative salary and so it speaks volumes of what a qualified ACA would achieve. The ACA syllabus structure is designed to ensure candidates are thoroughly prepared for each component, so that they can put the theory easily into practice. The course provides a detailed knowledge about the broad spectra of accountancy, finance and business. Jobs after pursuing ACA Qualification Jobs are open for ACA certificate holders in the public practice, business, financial services and charity. ACAs enjoy a great career growth which is in proportion to the salary package offered. Some of the companies which have been hiring ACA certificate holders are BDO LLP, Ernst & Young, KPMG, and PWC. ACA Exam Format The exams are divided into three levels vis a vis, certificate level, professional level and advanced level. A candidate is required to complete all the 15 modules across three levels. Exemptions are allowed in the cases of prior study (for certificate and professional level modules). Certificate level The certificate level covers accounting and business essential principles: Accounting (40 questions)Assurance (50 questions)Business and finance (50 questions)Law (50 questions)Management information (40 questions)Principles of taxation (50 questions). All the topics within this module is tested in one exam. An online exam of one and a half hour can be scheduled at any point of time when the student thinks he is ready. Candidates are allowed to give one level four times. Professional level The syllabus of the Professional level concentrates on the candidate’s ability to apply the theory knowledge and understanding to real-life situations: Business planning: taxation Business strategy Audit and assurance Financial accounting and reporting (3 hours)Financial management Tax compliance. There is a three hour exam held for each of the topics in this level. Advanced level The advanced level is an open book examination which focuses mainly on the complex scenarios of the real time business and case study, testing each candidate’s skill and judgement in a critical time. Corporate reporting Strategic business management Case study. The Advanced level has three and a half hour examination for two modules while the case study examination is a 4 hour long agony. There is no limit on the number of times a student appears for the examination. However, it is advisable that students take the case study paper towards the end of their professional development, ethics training and work experience, to make use of the practical knowledge gained in the field. Work Experience Requirement This component is essential to the candidate’s training and allows the students to practice the elements of the day-to-day job. Candidates must complete 450 days of work (where ‘a day’ equates to seven hours) experience for the ACA. This almost takes between three to five years (or 200 hours for the approved two-year scheme). The practical work experience must be gained from one of the ICAEW’s 2,850 approved employers in at least one area of accounting, audit and assurance, tax, financial management, insolvency or information technology. Key Highlights about the ACA Exam Format The certificate level is a standalone qualification and can be completed outside of a training agreement and most students complete this Level within the first year of their training agreement. The certificate level can be completed at any time regularly throughout the year. The modules of the three levels can be taken at any time regularly throughout the year. The modules of each level build up complexities of studying material for the next level. Professional Development The Professional Development training enables a student to improvise and strengthen key areas in the career of an accountant which includes: Communication Team working Decision making Consideration Adding value Problem solving Technical competence. The training of the Professional development is completed through the ICAEW Professional Development Scheme or the employer’s organization scheme (if it has been accredited). Ethics and Professional Scepticism This section is taught as an online training tutorial and covers the important ethical practices and requirements of a working chartered accountant. The tutorial ensures the key principles of integrity, objectivity, professional competence and due care, confidentiality and professional behaviour are easily understood for practice by the students. There are six modules and a devolved assessment (30 multiple-choice questions over an hour) covering: An introduction to the ICAEW code of ethics Fundamental ethical principles Threats and safeguards to the fundamental ethical principles Conflicts of interest Considerations for professional accountants in practice Considerations for professional accountants in business. Each module is designed to help students develop ethics and professional scepticism skills from an accountants’ perspective. Candidates are expected to review their understanding of ethics in their field with their employer at six-monthly intervals and apply their learning during their practical work experience. ACA Exam Topics Breakdown Certificate Level Accounting (covers the topics of double entry accounting and how to apply its principles)maintaining financial recordsadjustments to accounting records and financial statementspreparing financial statements Assurance covers the assurance process and fundamental principles of ethicsconcept, process and need for assuranceinternal controlsgathering evidence on an assurance engagementprofessional ethics Business and Finance covers how businesses operate and how accounting and finance functions support businessesbusiness objectives and functionsbusiness and organisational structuresthe role of finance and the accountancy professiongovernance, sustainability, corporate responsibility and ethicsthe external environment Law covers the principles of lawimpact of civil and criminal law on business and professional servicescompany and insolvency lawimpact of law in the professional context Management Information covers how to prepare essential financial information for the management of a businesscosting and pricingbudgeting and forecastingperformance managementmanagement decision-making Principles of Taxation covers the general objectives and types of taxobjectives, types of tax and ethicsadministration of taxationincome tax and national insurance contributionscapital gains tax and chargeable gains for companiescorporation tax VATProfessional Level Audit and Assurance covers critical aspects of managing an assurance engagement, including:legal and other professional regulations, ethics and current issuesaccepting and managing engagementsplanning engagementsconcluding and reporting on engagements Financial Accounting and Reporting covers the preparation of complete single entity and consolidated financial statements and extracts from those statemen tsaccounting and reporting concepts and ethicssingle company financial statementsconsolidated financial statements Financial Management covers how to recommend relevant options for financing a business, recognise and manage financial risks and make appropriate investment decisionsfinancial optionsmanaging financial riskinvestment decisions and valuation Tax Compliance covers how to prepare tax computations for individuals and companiesethics and lawcapital gains, income, inheritance and corporation taxnational insurance contributions VAT and stamp taxes Business Planning: Taxation covers how identify and resolve tax issues that arise in the context of preparing tax computations, and to advise on tax-efficient strategies for businesses and individualsethics and lawtaxation of corporate entities and unincorporated businesses including partnershipspersonal taxation Business Strategy covers how businesses develop and implement strategy, including:strategic analysisstrategic choiceimplementation and monitoring of strategy Advanced Level Corporate Reporting Module covers:auditing services, preparing and evaluating corporate reportsdetermine alternative solutions to corporate reporting issues, considering client and stakeholder needs Strategic Business Management Module covers:strategic analysis, risk management, corporate governance, financial management, corporate reporting and assurance Case Study Module covers:tests professional skills in the context of a specific business issuedevelopment of conclusions and recommendations requiredrelates to how students will be expected to work ACA Examination Fees The costs for applying for credit for prior learning, where applicable, will be:£70 for each Certificate Level module and £90 for each Professional Level module. ACA Results and Passing Rates The results of the ACA exams are published on the ICAEW website and result letters are later posted to the students. In 2015, the cumulative pass percentage of ACA is above 70%. ACA Study Resources The ICAEW provides learning material which is designed by the examiners. The study resources are helpful in understanding the broad outline of topics on which the students will be tested. ICAEW’s study resources comprise of a study manual which in detail explain the topics on which the student will be tested. An online study guide which guides the student towards the approach and skills tested for each module and interactive self-test question materials at the end of the chapter as well as a question bank containing questions for revision and practice before the exams. ACA Exam Strategy During your tutorial make your notes clear and easy to re-use. It will save your time in the long run. Practice the papers of the past as it will benefit you in revising the concepts learned. Get yourself acquainted with the answering pattern as the examiner looks for something similar. Do not avoid the narrative answers-instead make use of them because they can be roted and produced. The mark allocation is not specified in the question paper hence use your intelligence. Words like briefly explain and explain in detail should be the beacon of light. Useful Post ACA vs CPA – Are They Similar? ACCA vs ACA – What’s the Difference? Conclusion Studying the materials is important but the major battle is won if you concentrate on getting hands on experience on the concepts learn in the class to be practised on the field. All the Best!23Share Share Tweet +1Filed Under: ACA, Certifications