when did the movie troll come out

Troll opened on 959 screens in January, 1986 and, in its first week of the release, placed ninth on the box office chart with a gross of $2.1million. That represented a nice return for Band who recalls the film’s budget as being in the $700,000-$1.1million range, and who made most of his profits from home video deals.

Article The 'Troll' trilogy: Is this really the 'Best Worst' movie franchise of all time? Clark Collis May 08, 2010 AT 05:34 PM EDTThe first Troll film concerned the magical adventures of a teenager named Harry Potter. The second, according to a new documentary, is the Best Worst Movie ever made. And no one seems sure if there even was a third movie. In this special report EW examines the twisted, crazy, and frequently so-bad-it’s-hilarious world of… Troll!Next: “I don’t think Troll 2 is the worst movie of all-time. I think Transformers 2 is the worst movie of all time.”Image Credit: Magic Stone Productions On a beautiful Brooklyn evening last July, Michael Paul Stephenson took part in a question-and-answer session following an outdoor screening of the 1990 horror movie Troll 2. Stephenson, who starred in the film when he was just ten years old, is a Utah-raised Mormon and extremely polite. Less polite, seemingly? A particular question that was put to him that warm New York night. “What does it feel like,” an audience member demanded to know, “to have been in the worst movie of all time?”The question was not without merit. Troll 2 is, by any traditional movie-making standards, an absolute turkey. The film is set in the fictional small town of Nilbog, which is “goblin” spelt backwards, and which boasts amongst its inhabitants a large number of that mythical race. The goblins of Nilbog trick human visitors into eating bright green poison that turns them into plants, which they then eat. Why? Because, according to Troll 2, goblins are vegetarians. Stephenson plays Joshua, the youngest member of the Waits clan who decide to holiday in Nilbog. Needless to say the Waitses are unaware of the local citizenry’s proclivities—what happens in Nilbog, it seems, stays in Nilbog. Stephenson’s character is wised up to the goblins’ plan by his dead grandfather whose spirit periodically visits the child in ghostly form to dispense advice and help explain to flummoxed viewers just what the blue blazes is going on. When the Waits family sit down to eat some poisoned food young Joshua takes matters into his own hands, or rather bladder, and urinates on their dinner. This in turn prompts the film’s most famous line—it’s “Don’t ever take sides against the family,” if you will—as the father of Stephenson’s character angrily informs him, “You can’t piss on hospitality!” The line is spoken by George Hardy, who has the blonde, lantern-jawed, good looks of a b-movie action star, but all the acting chops of a dentist which, in real-life, he actually is. Matters don’t get much worse from that point on. However, they don’t get a whole lot better as, for example, the seduction of a young man by a comely witch causes a bizarre explosion of popcorn and Stephenson’s character develops special powers thanks to the consumption of a double-decker bologna sandwich. Poor special effects. Stilted dialog. Laughable acting. All feature heavily in this low budget horror farrago. It is also worth mentioning that Troll 2, which was filmed in Utah by an Italian crew, has no legal nor dramatic connection to the original 1986 Troll. It doesn’t even have any trolls. Not a single one. Michael Paul Stephenson, whose participation in the film would haunt his teenage years, is fully aware of all the movie’s many faults. Yet he took issue with the logic of the questioner’s inquiry. “I really don’t think Troll 2 is the worst movie of all time,” he replied. “I think Transformers 2 is the worst movie of all time.” Judging by the round of applause his answer prompted from the 100 or so souls who had gathered to watch the movie, Stephenson is not alone in that opinion. Indeed, over the past few years, Troll 2 has attracted a devout following around the world. Fans include members of New York’s UCB comedy troupe, which has hosted packed screenings of the film, and King of Queens actor-comedian Patton Oswalt. “I’m not a big believer in the whole (idea of) it’s-so-bad-it’s-good,” he says. “A lot of stuff is just f—ing bad. But there are movies like Plan 9 From Outer Space and Troll 2 where you’re going, ‘Wow, something really special happened here.’”Last December, then Tonight Show host Conan O’Brien urged viewers to see the film as part of a bit that found him vying to replace Oprah Winfrey as pop culture’s chief arbiter of taste. “Tonight, I’d like to recommend a towering cinematic achievement: Troll 2 !” Coco declared, plumping a DVD copy of the film down on his soon-to-be-vacated desk. “I order you, as your new Oprah, to buy or rent Troll 2 today!” O’Brien’s tongue was firmly in his cheek. But the film’s Tonight Show exposure confirmed its place at the apex of the so-bad-it’s-awesome movie ziggurat. “The lead writer for Conan is huge fan of Troll 2 ,” says Stephenson. “He was like, ‘We need to get George Hardy on, cleaning Conan’s teeth.’ This was sadly before the whole debacle with Conan’s show.”No one is more shocked by the Troll 2 revival than its cast. Stephenson first heard of the phenomenon in 2005, by which time he had abandoned his acting dreams to set up an ad agency in Utah. “People got wind of my My Space account and stuff just started flowing in” he says. “I started getting pictures from kids that were having Troll 2 parties. My first thought was, ‘Is this mean sarcasm? '” It wasn’t. Stephenson teamed up with his onscreen father George Hardy and the pair set out to make a documentary about the film’s cult. The Stephenson-directed result, Best Worst Movie, debuted at the 2009 SXSW film festival and is being given a limited release this spring and summer by Area23a, the company which put out last year’s acclaimed heavy metal documentary, Anvil! The Story of Anvil. The release of Stephenson’s film is the latest strange chapter in a story that already has no shortage of them. But perhaps the strangest thing about Troll 2 is that it may not even be the strangest film in the franchise. Next: “I always say my script wasn’t shot so much as strangled.”Over the past 35 years, Charles Band has directed and/or produced more than 300 films, mostly low budget horror movies with titles like Monsters Gone Wild!, Doll Graveyard, and Skull Heads. He currently oversees a total of seven different franchises through his LA-based company, Full Moon Features . “Right now, we’re getting ready to release Puppet Master: Axis of Evil, which is the ninth Puppet Master ,” explains Band, whose many years in the business don’t seem to have lessened his excitement for movie-making. “Recently I created a series called The Gingerdead Man about a crazy, pissed-off cookie starring Gary Busey. It doesn’t get better than that!”Before Full Moon, Band ran a similar company called Empire Pictures, which he set up in 1983 and under whose banner he made a slate of successful, theatrically released, low budget genre movies. These included 1985’s Re-Animator and the same year’s Ghoulies, which became a minor hit thanks largely to an ad campaign that featured one of the tiny titular monsters emerging a toilet. Many of the Empire films were shot in Italy at a studio Band bought from legendary film producer Dino De Laurentiis ( Hannibal, the 1976 King Kong remake). “We were really cranking films out,” says Band, “10 or 12 a year.” The director-producer, who you may recall has unleashed nine Puppet Master movies upon the world, is not a man afraid of repeating himself. Once it became clear Ghoulies was a hit, he began to contemplate some sort of follow-up with John Carl Buechler, who had overseen the special effects on the previous mini-monster extravaganza. “I thought, well, a troll is sort of a cool idea,” Band recalls. “John and I concocted a story, and before you know it, Troll was being shot it in Italy.”Troll, which was directed by first-time filmmaker Buechler, concerns the magical adventures of a teenage boy named Harry Potter whose sister becomes possessed by a troll shortly after his family move into an apartment in a San Francisco house. Alert readers may at this point be thinking, “Wait a second: Teenage boy? Magical adventures? Harry Potter?” Certainly, it hasn’t escaped Band’s attention that the lead character in Troll shares a name with a certain billion dollar book-and-movie franchise that JK Rowling conceived a decade after the release of his film. “I can’t tell you how many people over the years have said, ‘Charlie, you should sue,’” states Band. “But to spend so much time and energy chasing something like that is just not my thing.” (In 2007 a spokesperson for Rowling told the Britain’s Guardian newspaper that the author had never seen Troll . )The Harry Potter of Troll, meanwhile, had his roots in the bibliography of Ed Naha, a journalist and science fiction author, who had been recruited to write the Troll s creenplay after penning a couple of scripts for Band’s fellow shlockmeister Roger Corman. “The name ‘Harry Potter’ was an homage to me,” explains Naha, who would go on to co-pen 1989’s hugely successful Honey, I Shrunk the Kids. “I had written two science-fiction novels where the main character’s name was ‘Harry Porter’. And when I was doing this, I figured, ‘What the heck.’”Image Credit: Everett Collection For Troll, Band recruited what is, in retrospect, one of the great, all-time, weird casts—a line up that included ex-pop star and future congressman Sonny Bono, onetime Charlie’s Angel Shelley Hack, Lost in Space mom June Lockhart and, in her first movie role, Julia Louis-Dreyfus. Young Harry Potter was portrayed by Neverending Story actor Noah Hathaway while the role of his father—who is also called Harry Potter—was taken by character actor Michael Moriarty, who would go on to be a mainstay of Law & Order. Band is full of praise for his Troll actors. “Julia Louis Dreyfus was great,” he says. “And Michael Moriarty is a wonderful actor. Everyone was terrific. Now at the same time we were making a movie on the lot called Crawlspace that had a wild man as a lead, and that was Klaus Kinski.” The infamously temperamental and difficult German actor proved such a problem on Crawlspace that crew members regularly approached director David Schmoeller and begged him to kill the Fitzcarraldo star. “That’s a whole separate story,” says Band. (For a full account of the tale, check out Schmoeller’s amazing short film Please Kill Mr. Kinski. )Watching Troll today one can’t help but wonder if Band wasn’t stretching himself a little too thinly. The film has its good points, notably Buechler’s creature effects. But much of the movie is simply bizarre, not least the sequence in which Moriarty performs, for no good reason, a deranged, dance to the tune of “Summertime Blues.” “You didn’t expect to hear the whole song didja?” guffaws scripter Naha. “It was supposed to be just a shot to show that this guy still had that kid in him. I really didn’t expect it to be like a Masterpiece Theatre episode. I always say my script wasn’t shot so much as strangled.”Naha stayed behind in Los Angeles during the movie’s Rome shoot and first saw the film at a pre-release screening with his parents, who were visiting from New Jersey. “They were thrilled, he says. “But I could have written Anne Frank on Ice and they would have gone, ‘Well, look at that double lutz!’” Naha himself was stunned and disappointed. “I’m not assigning blame to anyone,” he says. “I didn’t write On the Waterfront. It was what it was. But in your head you always think, ‘Well, this is going to be like a James Whale movie, or a Val Lewton.’ And then you sit down and realize they’ve been dead for forty years.” Reviewers mostly agreed with Naha’s downbeat assessment. “The reviews were the kind usually reserved for terminal illnesses,” he says. Despite all this, Naha clearly regards the film with some affection. “It’s like having a really ugly child,” he says. “The kid’s face could stop a clock, but he’s your kid.” Charles Band too says that he has mixed feelings about the film. “I’ve made a number of films that I’m very proud of,” he says. “And then, (there are) pictures like Troll. It was such an odd movie, strangely directed, strangely written, a very eclectic cast. There are little moments that are wonderful, actually. But it’s a bizarre film.”Yet a financially successful one.

After Troll, Empire continued to churn out movies at a pace for another half decade. Band productions during this period included Assault of the Killer Bimbos and Sorority Babes in the Slimeball Bowl-o-Rama. But, at the end of the ‘80s, the producer departed from the company. “There were partners who wanted to see the company go in other directions,” he says. “Empire was sold and I started Full Moon.”Band says he kept the sequel and remake rights to the movies he had made at Empire, including Troll. Yep, the producer figured, if anyone was going to make Troll 2, then it would he him. He figured wrong. Next: “How can you argue with someone who doesn’t understand what you’re saying?”Image Credit: Magic Stone Productions Troll 2 was actually directed by Drago Floyd and co-penned by Clyde Anderson. Except that none of that sentence is technically true. “Drago Floyd” and “Clyde Anderson” are actually aliases used by a Rome-born auteur named Claudio Fragasso, who never thought his movie would end up being called Troll 2. Confused? Welcome to the Italian film industry. Fragasso made his name—or, rather, his names—with such low budget flicks as 1983’s Lou Ferrigno-starring The Seven Magnificent Gladiators and 1984’s Monster Dog. The latter stars Alice Cooper as a rock star who may also be a werewolf and is every bit as hilariously awful as that description suggests. Troll 2 was originally called Goblins and its script was written by Fragasso with his girlfriend Rossella Drudi—although she would be credited as “Sarah Asproon”—and it is the pair’s vehement dislike for vegetarians that seems to have inspired a good deal of the movie’s baroque plotting. Goblins was only renamed Troll 2 after shooting was over, which explains the total lack of trolls in the movie. “It’s very common with Italian movies that they’ll (make) rip-off sequels,” says Michael Paul Stephenson. “Claudio Fragasso actually made a movie called Terminator II. It’s become clear that the distributor said, ‘Hey, Troll 1 did so well, let’s ride the coattails.”The-movie-formerly-known-as- Goblins was financed to the tune of around $600,000 by an Italian company called Filmirage. According to Stephenson, the movie’s backers were persuaded to film in his home state for financial reasons. “Utah, at that time, had a really strong film commission” he says. “Claudio took a trip to Utah with the producers and said, ‘This supports our American movie perfectly. There’s mountains, there’s townspeople.’ And there was no union, there was no SAG.”If the Screen Actors Guild had been involved with the project they might have suggested Fragasso hire some expert translators. But it wasn’t, so it didn’t. And the language barrier appears to have been of the principal reasons why Troll 2 would ultimately ascend into the Bad Movie Hall of Fame. While the crew were from Italy, the cast was made up of local, mostly Mormon, actors. The one notable exception was the Alabama-born George Hardy. Hardy is an immensely jovial, larger-than-life, character who has gained the reputation amongst his patients as being “the Patch Adams of dentistry.” Growing up, Hardy desperately wanted to be an actor. But his father dissuaded him from entering into such a risky profession and steered him towards a more financially stable livelihood. Prior to Troll 2, his dramatic experience was limited to appearing in a high school play and, while at Ann Arbor University, serving as a college cheerleader. “Kind of like George Bush was,” he says. Hardy never lost the acting itch and after moving to Salt Lake City he got himself an agent. “She called me one day and said, George, there are auditions for a kind of a b-rated movie going on up in Park City” says Hardy. “So I walked into this smoke-filled room – and in Salt Lake no one smokes – and there were hundreds of guys auditioning. I read the part to about nine or ten Italians in this smoke-filled room.” A couple of days later Hardy was told that he had won the role of the Waits paterfamilias. “It was a three week shoot for me,” he recalls. “I would kind of alternate days of going into my dental practice and then going out and shooting on this set, and meeting all these Italians, very few of them spoke English.” According to Hardy, the script was obviously the work of people whose first language was not English. “Michael and myself would sit over in the corner and try to decipher it” he says. “The way it was written was not the way Americans speak. One of us would say, ‘Claudio, this is not the way we relate to each other.’ But they would say, ‘No, no, no, this is the way you do it!’ We just did what we were told. How can you argue with someone who doesn’t understand what you’re saying?”In addition to Stephenson and Hardy, the cast featured something of a loose cannon in the form of an actor named Don Packard who at the time was staying at a mental hospital following a nervous breakdown. Packard was allowed out to attend his Troll 2 audition and was subsequently cast as Nilbog’s malevolent store owner. “I smoked an enormous amount of pot then to stay sane” he recalls in Best Worst Movie. “When I got on the set I had no idea what it all meant or what I was doing or what I was saying. I was really troubled, I can tell you that. I wasn’t acting. That was a troubled person talking. It was a terrible experience making that movie. It was always cold, it was always remote. And I remember there was a little kid there, a little Mormon kid, who was really a pain the ass. And I wanted to kill him.” Packard’s portrayal of his sinister store manager would—perhaps not surprisingly—be among the film’s more convincing. George Hardy’s misgivings about the project redoubled when they came to shoot the scene when the Waits family prepare to eat their obviously poisoned repast. “We went up to the table and I see corn on the cob with green icing” he recalls.” I’m thinking ‘Oh, my s—t, what is this going to look like?”’ Stephenson too had doubts about the sequence and, in particular, the urine-oriented part he was asked, at the last minute, to play in it. “In the original script I jump up on the table and I say, ‘I’m possessed, I’m possessed'” he recalls. “Claudio said, ‘Posessed? Bullshit! Boring!’ He’s like, ‘You! You walk around the table, up to the chair and p— on this food.’ I’m thinking, ‘Did I just hear this right?’”Fragasso has subsequently claimed that he always intended the dialog in Troll 2 to be delivered in an absurdist fashion. Hardy insists that, if this was the case, the director forgot to tell his cast. “We all took it seriously” says Hardy. “We were just trying to be good citizens of Utah, helping this Italian crew make this little movie.” Stephenson describes Fragasso’s contention as “garbage. I can honestly say I worked my a– off on that set. That’s what makes this thing so special. Nobody went in saying, ‘Hey, we’re going to make a bad movie’.” Even by the end of the shoot, Stephenson still hoped the film turn out to be the next Gremlins. “You think, well, maybe movie magic will step in, and all of this will look great” he says. “For me it was like, ‘I’m the star of this movie, and in a few months I’m going to with my family to the local cineplex and we’re going to all celebrate as we watch it.’ Never in my mind, did I say, this is going to be a bad movie.”Yet a bad movie it was. And a bad movie called Troll 2 to boot. Not that anyone connected with saw fit to alert Stephenson of this fact. The actor only found out about the name change more than a year after he had finished film. “The movie had vanished,” he recalls. “We didn’t know what was going on. In the meantime, without my knowledge, my parents were trying to track it down. On Christmas Day I open up a present and I look at this VHS tape and I was really confused because the movie was called Troll 2. I was, like ‘What is this?’ And my mom said, ‘Michael, it’s your movie, let’s put it in!’ And we popped it in the VCR and we all watched it. I just remember my dad just grabbing his forehead and being, like, ‘Oh Michael, this is a really bad movie. I was, like, ‘Oh boy.’”George Hardy also received his first bad Troll 2 review from a close family member. “My sister called me from Philadelphia,” recalls the dentist. “She said, ‘George, your movie’s out. I go, ‘What’s it like?’ She goes, ‘Well, I got to tell you something: It’s bad.’ I go, ‘Well, how bad is it?’ She says, ‘Well, it’s really bad.’”In his dental practice, Hardy had pioneered the use of special glasses on which patients could watch videos while he attended to their teeth, and he used those self-same glasses to watch as much of Troll 2 as he could stand, which was very little. “One of my patients brought me a copy” he says. “I put it in, and looked through the viewing glasses, and watched the very first scene.” Hardy did not like what he saw. “I thought, ‘Oh, s—‘” he says. “I took that thing and put it on the shelf and let it collect dust for almost 16 years.” Actually, that’s not quite true. Although Hardy himself declined to watch his big screen debut even on the most miniature of screens, he was more than happy to subject patients to the film on his viewing glasses. “And while they were watching the movie I would be drilling on their teeth!” he laughs. One might have thought this was merely adding insult to dental injury. But, according to Hardy, many of his patients enjoyed the experience. “I remember one time extracting a tooth once and they were watching Troll 2 ” he says. “And they wanted to stay after the extraction to watch the rest of the movie.”While Hardy was able to put his Troll 2 experience to at least one positive use, Stephenson was not. In fact, the film became the bane of his teenage life, particularly after it started to be regularly screened on cable TV. “I would go to the TV schedule in the newspaper and I would pray that I wouldn’t see Troll 2 on it,” he says. “I’d think, ‘Okay, maybe this week it won’t be on.’ And it was constantly on. I had kids at school, at junior high, that would see the movie and they’d scream my lines out at me. I’d be in the hallway and I’d hear: ‘A double-decker baloney sandwich.’ I’d think, god, this movie is never going to go away. If me and my fiends would go into a video store, I remember consciously staying away from the horror aisle, because I did not want to see my video there and have everybody say, ‘Oh, let’s rent Mike’s movie.’”Of course another person who had ever right to be irked by the poor quality of Troll 2 —and, indeed, its very existence—was Charles Band. The producer says he was never tempted to sue over the unauthorized sequel. “It was so not worth my while,” he says. “I was busy making my movies. But then I would hear from people, ‘Oh my god, you’ve got to see this movie, it’s just goddawful.’ I’ve never seen it. Maybe I have to.”“But here’s the question,” Band continues, “Was it in fact about a troll as well?” No, it was not. “That is funny,” chuckles the producer. “What a story!”Next: “It’s probably one of the most perfect bad movies ever made.”Image Credit: Magic Stone Productions One of the prime architects of the Troll 2 revival is a Utah resident named Blair Sterrett. Sterrett is a fan of what he describes as “flash pan culture. Things that don’t often get noticed by the mainstream audience, or get discarded or laughed at when (they) originally come out.” Sterrett collects such items under the banner of the Lost Media Archive. He hopes one days to exhibit his pop culture treasures in an actual museum, but admits that currently the “archive” largely resides in storage. Regardless if you have a yen to discuss, say, Somerset Strings’ 1958 album Music for Washing and Ironing, or Zsa Zsa Gabor’s 1993 workout video It’s Simple Darling, or, for that matter, Troll 2, then Sterrett is a good man to call. Sterrett, who was raised in the Mormon faith, first came across Fragasso’s film in early 2006 while studying animation at Brigham Young University. Sterrett regularly hosted screenings of oddball movies and one of his fellow students suggested he check out the movie. “I don’t think I ever laughed so hard in my entire life,” he says. “I think it actually is a really good film for how entertaining it is. It’s probably one of the most perfect bad movies ever made.” Sterrett also found something about the film’s acting oddly familiar. “I felt like there was something strangely Mormon about the movie,” he says, “Because the acting was just like what you would see at a church road show or pageant. So we confirmed that it was in fact filmed in Utah. Then, someone came forward and said, ‘I think I go to church with one of those actors.’ So I called him up…”The actor was Jason Steadman, who plays the character of Drew, one of a posse of teenagers that unwisely follow the Waits family to Nilbog. “I told him about the screening I wanted to have and he was like, ‘Oh yeah, of course I’ll come,'” says Sterrett. “Then I thought, ‘I bet they’re all here!’ I just started going through the phone book, looking up the names I saw on the credits.” One of the first actors Sterrett called was Deborah Reed, who plays the film’s witch. “When she realized I wasn’t an insane person she was really nice and talked to me at length,” he recalls. Sterrett says that the actor he was most frightened of calling was the film’s store keeper, Don Packard: “And he really wanted nothing to do with the screening. He was like, ‘I think it would be a fiasco. '”Sterrett also posted a message announcing that there would be a cast reunion screening on the film’s Internet Movie Data Base page, after noticing that it had recently been voted the worst film of all-time by the website’s users. The next morning he was awoken by a phone call. Sterrett immediately recognized the caller’s Alabama accent. “It was George Hardy,” he says. “It was like, ‘Oh my gosh, I have been searching for you for so long! I called so many people called George Hardy that weren’t you!’ He was in Alabama, and he agreed to fly out on short notice to this small screening. Once he was onboard, all of these other actors agreed to do it. (Even) the storekeeper gave in.”Sterrett held the screening at a venue called Starry Night in Provo on April 16, 2006. “It overflowed,” he says. “People said they came all the way from New York to be there. We made little audience participation kits, with popcorn and half a baloney sandwich. It was amazing to see all these baloney sandwiches flying at the screen. I just remember the excitement in the air, the gasp I heard when Deborah walked through the door.” George Hardy recalls walking and, “nearly getting tackled by all these fans. This guy is saying ‘Please sign my t-shirt!’ and I’m just going , ‘You gotta be kidding!’” One actor not present was Michael Paul Stephenson. “I kept saying ‘Where’s Michael? Where’s Michael?’” remembers Hardy. “He wasn’t there. So I called him and I said, ‘Michael, this is unbelievable.’ He said, ‘George you won’t believe all this stuff. Would you be interested joining in with me to do a documentary?”Next: “I won’t make fun of the s—-tiness of the actors because it’d be like throwing a battery at a dying hobo.”Image Credit: Magic Stone Productions For the next couple of years, Hardy and Stephenson explored and documented the Troll 2 phenomenon. They interviewed cast members and fans, including the creators of the video game Guitar Hero 2, one level of which takes place at the fictional Nilbog High School. They went to screenings in San Francisco and Toronto and Houston and Boston, where Hardy was treated like a genuine movie icon and at which he would delight his attendees by intoning his most famous line: “You can’t piss on hospitality!” “It’s amazing” says Hardy. “When I meet them they literally are shaking. It’s like they’re meeting this rock star.”Hardy and Stephenson also traveled to Italy to reunite with director Claudio Fragasso who was completely oblivious to his film’s resurrection as a cult favorite. “I didn’t tell him a lot,” says Stephenson. “I said, ‘There’s something special that’s happening with the movie and people are having a lot of fun with it.” Stephenson convinced the filmmaker to return with them to the US and attend a screenings of the film in Los Angeles and another cast reunion in Utah. “I remember thinking, man, I don’t know what’s going to happen” says Stephenson. “Luckily, Claudio loves attention.”That may well be true but Fragasso clearly has mixed feelings about his film’s reputation as a piece of hilariously terrible cinema. In Best Worst Movie Fragasso is asked how it feels to be the director of the worst movie ever made. “I did a very good movie” he protests. “If the others say worst movie, them problem, not my problem. My problem is to shoot a lot of movies. I can’t stop.” Fragasso still maintains that he always intended his film to be a comedy. Contacted by this author about the film, Fragasso responded with the following email. The English may be fractured but the message is fairly clear.“The Troll2 film has been born like crazy comedy horror and not like horror classic, a parody of the life, where the various ones make fear and here the various ones are the fanatical vegetarians us, is a funny accusation to all the fanatismi. The actors of the film recite intentionally badly because all he had to be over the lines, with much irony. E’ a fable of the life, a comic fable for children, a horror demential, the history has been born from the crazy head of my wife Rossella Drudi, writer of novels and cinema. Salutes Claudio Fragasso.”Whether or not Fragasso set out to make a comedy, Troll 2 has certainly become a favorite of many comedians. Pattos Oswalt first came across the film while visiting a friend in December 2006. By that point MGM Home Entertainment held the DVD rights to both Troll and Troll 2 and in had 2003 released the pair on a single disc. It was that disc which Oswalt’s friend was viewing when the comedian paid him a visit. “He was watching the first Troll movie” says the comedian. “And there’s a scene where Michael Moriarty is lip-synching some song. It was just the dumbest lookest thing I’d ever seen. I said, ‘Wow, this has to be the s—tiest movie I’ve ever seen.’ He said, ‘Oh, you should see the sequel.’ ‘Wait, a minute, there’s a sequel to this thing?’ I ended up sitting there all night watching Troll 2. I just couldn’t believe how f—ing bad that movie was.” Oswalt was so and impressed by the film that he subsequently blogged about it on his My Space page. “I won’t describe the plot ’cause it doesn’t exist,” he wrote. “I won’t make fun of the s—-tiness of the actors because it’d be like throwing a battery at a dying hobo. But I’ll warn you not to smoke too much pot before you watch it, or you’ll laugh yourself five new a–holes.”Two other comedians with a fondness for Fragasso’s film are John Gemberling and Curtis Gwinn, members of New York’s United Citizens Brigade improv troupe and co-creators of the TV show Fat Guy Stuck in Internet. “We had spent years becoming connoisseurs of bad movies” says Gwinn. “I mean, we can watch really really bad movies that most people will fall asleep during, or give up on. But this one anybody can sit down, and it’s entertaining.” “We knew it had universal appeal (because) girls would watch it with us” adds Gwynn. “That was the shocker. Most movies that we try to make people watch, only chubby, nerdy, men would enjoy. But girls would actually come over and be thrilled by it. So, it was really the holy grail.”The pair screened Troll 2 at the UCB Theatre in September, 2006. That event proved so successful they put the film on again at the much larger Sunshine Landmark cinema. “When we put it up at UCB more people knew us than knew the film” says Gwinn. “Then, when we put it on at Sunshine it was like, ‘Oh shit, this like a phenomenon. These people are way more dedicated to it than us. '” Stephenson and Hardy appeared at, and documented, both New York events. They were joined at the UCB screening by Don Packard, who appears to have gained a modicum of personal redemption from the night. “They all applauded when I came out” he recalls in Best Worst Movie. “Somehow I was freed, I wasn’t self-conscious. It was really a golden experience for me. I never felt that good in all my life.”The cast reunion screening in Utah attended by Fragasso was put on with assistance from Blair Sterrett, who had made it his mission to track down as many of the Troll 2 actors as possible. His quest was made more difficult by the fact that the little people who had portrayed the film’s goblins were not named in the end credits. A desperate Sterrett decided to visit a Salt Lake City neighborhood called Allen Park. The enclave is known locally as “Hobbitville,” partly because of its picturesque nature and partly because of the —incorrect—rumor that many little people live there. “I went looking for some of these actors, and [the residents] were like, ‘We are so offended that you would come here, looking for trolls,” says Sterrett. “I’m like, ‘No, I’m looking for actors !’ But then somebody said, ‘I think there’s a chocolate shop that’s run by some little people.’ And it turned out Steve Hatch, who played one of the goblins, runs this chocolate shop.’ I heard he has a reality show now [ Little Chocolatiers, which premiered on TLC last December]. He saw that I genuinely liked the film, so he admitted to being one of the goblins. It turns out his wife was one of the Ewoks in Return of the Jedi .” Sterrett says that he found the cast reunion screenings to be genuinely touching events. “Most actors in films like this don’t get recognition during their lifetime,” he explains. “It’s usually after the fact, years [later], when people say, ‘You know, this is worth preserving.’ That’s something I’m thankful for. These actors are receiving the gratitude and recognition they deserve.”Next: “This is the original Harry Potter. The facts, speak for themselves.”Image Credit: Magic Stone Productions Area23a is currently rolling out Best Worst Movie to theatres, one city at a time. “We’re focusing on creating special events,” says Stephenson. “On opening night we’re going to have cast members and in every town there will be a party that fans are invited to.” The plan seems to be working. Best Worst Movie debuted theatrically in Austin last month at the Alamo Drafthouse and its run has twice been extended. The film arrives in New York on May 14 and, the following week, Los Angeles . The film’s release could hardly be more timely. This is the best of times for best worst movies. The fanbase of director-writer-actor Tommy Wiseau’s hilariously awful drama The Room continues to grow and the movie recently sold out New York’s 1,200 capacity Ziegfeld Theatre. Over the couple of months the hopelessly incompetent Hitchcock rip-off Birdemic has generated a huge amount of media attention and, like Best Worst Movie, is in the midst of a limited theatrical run. Given all this brouhaha around Fragasso’s movie, and bad movies in general, there has been predictable talk of a third Troll movie being made. Indeed, Stephenson’s documentary concludes with the news that Fragasso has plans for Troll 2: Part 2. The Italian auteur is not the only person mulling another Troll movie. After making his debut with the first entry in the franchise, John Carl Buechler directed several more movies, including 1988’s Friday the 13th Part VII and 1991’s Ghoulies III. Over the past few years he has been trying to get a Troll remake off the ground, with Charles Band’s blessing. In 2008, Ali Lohan auditioned for a role and last year Buechler told a jounalist, that the project “is now quite financially secure, and I’ve got everything in place, so we’re going to make some major announcements with regard to cast and other specifics.” Those announcements have yet to be made. However, Charles Band says that Buechler remains determined that the film will happen and “has some apparently credible people involved in putting that together.” Buechler, who was unavailable for comment, may have to tread carefully in reviving his Harry Potter. In April 2008, a spokesman for Warner Bros., which produces the big screen adaptations of the Rowling novels, told a journalist that, “If these producers intend to remake Troll they’d better tread carefully not to infringe on our rights.” Band, on the other hand, says that Buechler has every right to “remake a movie called Troll, which we made together years before anyone knew about Harry Potter. And, hey, if I was him, I’d say this is the original Harry Potter. The timeline, the facts, speak for themselves.”In one final, weird, kink to the Troll saga, it seems possible that both Fragasso and Buechler have been beaten to the punch in terms of making a third movie. In fact, there are two films which various internet sources claim have the alternative title of “ Troll 3 .” The first, which more commonly goes under the name of Quest for the Mighty Sword, is in fact the fourth film in a series of Italian sword-and-sorcery movies featuring a character named Ator. However, there is evidence to suggest the movie did reuse some of the goblin masks from Troll 2 and that it was released in Germany under the moniker Troll 3: Quest for the Mighty Sword. The second film which may have been rechristened Troll 3 in some territories is best known, at least in the US, as The Crawlers. The movie features neither trolls nor goblins but does boast a fantastically ludicrous plot in which residents of a small town—and a dog—are devoured by irradiated plant vines. The movie was filmed in Utah by an Italian crew at the same time as Troll 2 and is a similarly inept, if less enjoyable, venture. Chelsi Stahr was just 15 when she was cast as “Susan,” a character which the script described as a “busty blonde.” The fact that Stahr is a brunette didn’t deter the film-makers from casting her—but nor did it inspire anyone to make alterations to the dialog. Says Stahr, “There’s actually a time in the film where [a character] walks up to the owner of the gas station and [refers to], ‘Susan, that blond girl that got off the bus. '” The actress was horrified when she saw the finished result, several years later. “I was, like, ‘Wow, this is basically the most horrendous thing that I have ever seen in my life,” she says. “It’s not something I bring up in conversation: ‘Hey, by the way I was in Crawlers, maybe you’ve seen it?’ I think the best actor was the dog.”Stahr’s reluctance to bring up the subject of The Crawlers echoes the feelings of the teenage Michael Paul Stephenson. These days, of course, the ex-child actor is all about Troll 2, and confirms that he would be happy to appear in a Fragasso-directed sequel. “Five years ago, I hated Troll 2 ,” he says. “I thought it was garbage. But I’ve been to these screenings and I’ve seen the joy and happiness that people are having. How is 500 people in a theatre having a great time a bad thing?” And, nearly a year on from that outdoor screening in New York, Stephenson remains convinced that it is the work of Michael Bay, rather than Claudio Fragasso, that deserves the tag of the worst movie ever made. “I stand by that,” he says. “People come away from films like Transformers 2 shaking their heads like, ‘Man, I want that two and a half hours of my life back.’ People have a real negative experience. I mean, Troll 2 is not Citizen Kane. But it continues to entertain. Every single day I get emails from fans that are like, ‘I got ten of my friends together and we’re having the best time.’ And I think that’s pretty special.”Next: Feast your eyes on the trailers for Troll, Troll 2, and Best Worst Movie. Troll (1986) Trailer Your browser does not currently recognize any of the video formats available. Click here to visit our frequently asked questions about HTML5 video.0:00 / 2:38Troll 2 Trailer Your browser does not currently recognize any of the video formats available. Click here to visit our frequently asked questions about HTML5 video.0:00 / 2:22Best Worst Movie - Trailer Your browser does not currently recognize any of the video formats available. Click here to visit our frequently asked questions about HTML5 video.0:00 / 2:20You May Like Books Hot Stuff: March romance novels bring the heat to historical settings TVDisney star Alyson Stoner pens emotional essay about her sexuality TVTrue Detective season 3 makes director switch TVBlindspot: Has Roman really turned on the team? Movies Tyler Perry’s Acrimony is more overwrought than its scorned protagonist: EW review News Kevin Smith has lost 26 lbs. in the 4 weeks since his heart attack: 'I've lost a small child worth of weight! 'Comments Read More TVJimmy Carter tells Colbert America 'apparently' wanted a jerk for president TVWhich 'Dawson’s Creek' character are you? TV'Jersey Shore' star Sammi 'Sweetheart' Giancola reveals why she skipped MTV's reboot TV'Roseanne' revival: Trump's name won't be spoken at all in first season Get your EW TV news Subscribe to EW TV for the latest TV news. Signup Now


what are gases used in neon signs?

16The rare gases, neon, argon, helium, xenon and krypton, are ideally suited for use in signs. The two most common gases used in neon signs are neon and argon. While neon is very bright, argon's light is weak due to its low resistance. Neon gas gives o

What gases are used in neon signs?

"John Flavin, Geochemistry (Imperial College) & Occupational applications Answered Nov 29, 2016 · Author has 831 answers and 2.7m answer views Helium, neon, argon and krypton are used in decorative gas lighting, collectively called ""neon"" lights. Noble gases are used because they are inert. Argon added to light bulbs retards the oxidation of the tungsten filament. The gases used in lighting are known to give off distinctive colors when excited by an electric current. Different colors can be achieved by mixing gases or adding substances, like mercury, sodium, and various halides. The added components are vaporized during startup to become part of the gas mixture.103 Views Related Questions More Answers Below Why do we not use other inert gases like helium, neon, krypton etc. in bulb? How are neon colors made? What neon colors are most commonly used? What are some important uses of neon? Is neon white a color? Where do they get the neon to put in neon signs? Ask New Question Skip Moore, I've been in the neon and sign business for over 40 years. Answered Jun 8, 2017 · Upvoted by Quora User · Author has 58 answers and 19k answer views Commonly found neon tubing principally uses 2 gases. Neon (Ne) burns a rich reddish orange and is found in mostly red, orange and some blue tubes. Argon (Ar) is mixed with vaporized mercury to burn a soft blue and is found in white, yellow, green, and blue tubes. You can also use Helium that burns orange, but it takes a lot more high voltage electricity to sustain and is not that different in color than neon. Sometimes we’ll add helium to the Mercury/Argon in very cold climates because it burns warmer than the other gases but doesn’t affect the color, thus helping to keep the mercury in a gaseous state.93 Views · View Upvoterspromoted by UC Berkeley Extension Organic chemistry course at UC Berkeley Extension. Prepare for grad school & health careers with courses from UC Berkeley Extension. Learn More at extension.berkeley.edu Peter Hand Answered Nov 27, 2016 · Author has 6.1k answers and 11.3m answer views Basically, two. Neon (of course) is used for the familiar orange-red color. Pure neon tubes are always clear. But the vast majority of “neon” tubes use mercury vapor. Mercury vapor gives off very little visible light but a lot of ultra-violet, which is converted to visible light in a range of colors by a phosphor on the glass, like fluorescent tubes. Such tubes are always opaque when not lit and usually look white, although they may have color filters on the glass.182 Views · View Upvoters Quora User, A level student Answered Jun 25, 20

ff a red glow. Neon Signs279 Views "


chagas early stage symptoms

Chagas disease symptoms vary widely from no symptoms to severe in the chronic phase. Acute-phase symptoms of Chagas disease may be swelling and/or redness at the skin infection site (termed chagoma), rash, swollen lymph nodes, fever, head and body aches, fatigue, nausea, vomiting and/or diarrhea, liver and/or spleen enlargement, and the Romaña sign.

"Chagas Disease (American Trypanosomiasis or Kissing Bug Disease) Center Bacterial Infections 101 Pictures Slideshow Take the Tummy Trouble Quiz Hepatitis C Slideshow Pictures Patient Comments: Chagas Disease - Symptoms Patient Comments: Chagas Disease - Diagnosis Chagas disease (kissing bug disease) facts What is Chagas disease? What is the history of Chagas disease? What causes Chagas disease? Is Chagas disease contagious? What are the risk factors for Chagas disease? What are symptoms and signs of Chagas disease? How do health-care professionals diagnose Chagas disease? What is the treatment for Chagas disease? What types of physicians treat Chagas disease? Can transmission of Chagas disease be prevented with a vaccine? What is the prognosis for Chagas disease? What are the complications of Chagas disease? What research is being done for Chagas disease? Chagas disease (kissing bug disease) facts Chagas disease is an infection caused by a protozoan parasite ( Trypanosoma cruzi) that can result in acute inflammatory skin changes (chagomas) and may eventually cause infection and inflammation of many other body tissues, especially those of the heart and intestinal tract. Chagas disease was first described in 1909 in Brazil. Chagas disease is caused by a protozoan parasite named Trypanosoma cruzi that is transmitted to humans from the feces of triatomine bugs (kissing bugs). Chagas disease is not considered contagious from person to person. The parasites usually enter the mammalian (human) host through the bug bite, or breaks in the skin or conjunctiva, replicate in mammalian cells, and may eventually reach other organs through the blood. Chagas disease may proceed through three phases in an individual: acute, intermediate or indeterminate, and chronic.

Chronic-phase symptoms and signs of Chagas disease may be irregular heartbeats, EKG changes, palpitations, fainting ( syncope ), cardiomyopathy, congestive heart failure, shortness of breath (dyspnea), emphysema, stroke, sudden death, chronic abdominal pain, chronic constipation, dilated colon, and difficulty swallowing. Patient history, physical exam, direct microscopic visualization of the parasites, and detection of antibodies against the parasites are methods used to diagnose Chagas disease. Treatment with antiparasitic drugs benznidazole (Rochagan, Ragonil) and nifurtimox (Lampit) kill or inhibit T. cruzi parasites; drugs are available from the CDC. Chronic-phase patients are usually treated using treatments directed at the specific symptoms or organ damage. Physicians such as cardiologists, gastroenterologists, transplant surgeons, and infectious-disease specialists may be members of a patient's treatment team. There is no vaccine against Chagas disease parasites for humans, but many experts suggest that elimination of primitive housing and increasing education about the disease may prevent most cases of Chagas disease; insecticides and insect repellants may also help prevent Chagas disease. Quick Guide Symptoms of Mono: Infectious Mononucleosis Treatment Chagas Disease in Dogs Can It Spread to Humans? There are reports that dogs, especially in the southern U. S. and in particular, Texas, may be infected with these parasites and some reports imply there is a danger for humans to become infected because the vectors now reside in the southern U. S. However, the percentage of dogs found to be infected with the parasites is relatively low (about 8.8%) and it is often associated with dogs that are feral, strays, or abandoned. In Mexico, the infection rate of dogs is higher (about 17%-21%). However, all dogs are at some risk to become infected if they are bitten by the vector. Read more about Chagas disease in dogs »What is Chagas disease? Chagas disease (also termed American trypanosomiasis) is an infection caused by a protozoan parasite ( Trypanosoma cruzi) that can result in acute inflammatory skin changes (chagomas) and eventually may cause infection and inflammation of many other body tissues, especially those of the heart and intestinal tract. The disease was named after Dr. Carlos Chagas, who discovered the disease in 1909. The disease may have three phases in an individual: acute, with mild or no symptoms that may last weeks to about two months; intermediate or indeterminate phase that has few if any symptoms and may last 10-20 years or longer; and chronic phase that appears after about 20 years, with the more severe symptoms appearing from gradual chronic organ damage (especially to the heart and intestine, although other organs may be affected) with symptoms that usually remain for life. People with Chagas disease seen in the U. S. usually have acquired it while living in a country where the disease is endemic (Mexico and Central and South America). The U. S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) estimates about 8-11 million people are infected in countries where the disease is endemic. The parasites are transferred to humans by the bite of blood-sucking triatomine bugs in the subfamily Triatominae, also termed ""kissing bugs."" The disease has been diagnosed in the U. S., mainly in immigrants from South and Central America. Triatomine bugs have been detected in Texas, and recently the CDC communicated that the bugs have now been found in 28 states, including California and Pennsylvania. Picture of kissing bug, a vector for Chagas disease; SOURCE: CDC/donated by the World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland American trypanosomiasis (Chagas disease) is distinguished from African trypanosomiasis (sleeping sickness or African sleeping sickness) by the part of the world where they occur, their vectors, and their different symptoms and different treatments (see Table 1). Table 1 - Comparison of American (Chagas disease) and African trypanosomiasis (sleeping sickness)American trypanosomiasis African trypanosomiasis Cause T. cruzi T. brucei (subspecies)Main vector Triatomine bugs (also termed kissing bugs) Tsetse fly Main symptoms Chagomas, heart, gastrointestinal Chancres, nighttime insomnia, seizures Treatment Benznidazole, nifurtimox; symptomatic treatments in chronic phase Suramin, melarsoprol, pentamidine, eflornithine Bacterial Infections 101 Pictures Slideshow Take the Tummy Trouble Quiz Hepatitis C Slideshow Pictures What is the history of Chagas disease? Chagas disease was named after Dr. Carlos Chagas, who first described the parasite Trypanosoma cruzi in infected humans in 1909 while working for the Oswaldo Cruz Institute in Brazil. Chagas discovered that the parasites are transmitted to humans by entering breaks in the skin after they are deposited on the skin in insect feces. Chagas was the first scientist to discover all aspects of a new infectious disease: its pathogen ( T. cruzi ), main insect vector ( Triatominae or kissing bugs), hosts (humans, mammals), clinical manifestations, and epidemiology. The parasite species was named cruzi to honor his employer and scientific mentor, Oswaldo Cruz. Chagas disease is also known as American trypanosomiasis because it mainly occurs in the Americas where the triatomine insects (kissing bugs) usually are found. These bugs and the mammals they infect range from states along the U. S. border with Mexico through Central America to the South American countries (for example, Argentina, Bolivia), where the disease is endemic. Almost all cases diagnosed in the U. S. are in immigrants from other countries in the Americas. The disease is fairly common in Central and South America, with an estimated 7.7-15 million infected people worldwide. Children have more acute-phase symptoms than adults. Fortunately, vector-control programs are working as prevalence rates are dropping in Brazil and other countries that have implemented these programs. However, because of warming climate trends, some researchers predict that Chagas disease will become more prevalent in the U. S. This is predicted because the vectors that carry the parasites are being found more often in the U. S., especially in the southern and middle states. The bugs that transmit the parasite have been detected in 28 states in the U. S. and are likely to spread to others. What causes Chagas disease? Chagas disease is caused by a protozoan parasite named Trypanosoma cruzi. Infection of humans occurs when an insect vector (mainly Triatominae or kissing bugs, a subfamily of the family Reduviidae and sometimes referred to as reduviid bugs) deposits feces that contains the parasites on human skin. The parasites then enter the mammalian (human) host through the bug bite, or breaks in the skin or conjunctiva. Occasionally, the parasites enter through mucosal cells of the mouth or airway when ingested or inhaled. The bugs often bite and/or deposit feces near the eyes and lips; when the parasites enter the skin, swelling and redness (termed a chagoma) often develop. The term kissing bugs comes from the appearance of these symptoms that resemble skin changes that occur with prolonged kissing (hickies). In some individuals, the parasites eventually go into the bloodstream and lodge in various organs, especially the muscular structure of the organs. The parasites multiply and eventually cause chronic symptoms related to the particular involved organ or organs that can include cardiac failure, arrhythmias, poor gastrointestinal motility, or death. Humans who live in poor or primitive housing conditions that border or invade the habitats of Triatominae bugs cause a break in the normal life cycle of the insect vectors (bugs) and their usual hosts (over 100 types of animals), termed the sylvatic cycle. The bugs then enter the world of humans and their domesticated animals (cats, dogs) and transmit T. cruzi to them. When T. cruzi is transmitted from bugs to humans or human pets and back to the bugs, the life cycle is referred to as the domiciliary cycle. The life cycle of T. cruzi is complex; it has multiple developmental stages in both the insect vector ( Triatominae bugs, also termed triatomine bugs) and mammalian (human and animal) hosts. The figure below from the CDC shows the developmental stages that occur in both the sylvatic and domiciliary cycles. Life cycle of T. cruzi. Image courtesy of the CDC. (Note that the human stages can occur in dogs, cats, and other mammals, while under experimental conditions, bedbugs can replace the triatomine bug stages and infect mice. )Is Chagas disease contagious? Chagas disease is not considered contagious from person to person; the parasite almost always requires a vector like the triatomine bug to transfer the parasite ( T. cruzi) to humans. However, T. cruzi has been reported to be transferred to humans from blood transfusions, organ transplantation, from mother to infant through the placenta, by ingestion, inhalation, and by laboratory accidents. Fortunately, these forms of transmission occur very infrequently. Researchers have demonstrated that in experimental conditions, bedbugs may become infected with T. cruzi from infected mice and then are able to reinfect mice, but human infection by bedbugs has not been documented to date. Not all triatomine bugs are infected with T. cruzi, and not every bite of the vector bug will cause infection; the transfer of the parasite from the bug to humans is not very efficient so getting the disease ""is not easy,"" according to the CDC. From Tips to Better Manage Your Migraine Start Now What are the risk factors for Chagas disease? Living in an area where the vectors (kissing bugs) that spread the disease are plentiful is a major risk factor for Chagas disease. Such areas are impoverished areas in Mexico and Central and South America. Any residence that is infested with these vectors is a high-risk area; eliminating the areas where the vectors reside reduces the risk. Another risk factor is obtaining a blood transfusion, especially in an endemic region, if the blood donors are not screened for Chagas disease. This risk also occurs for recipients of donated organs. Immunocompromised patients have a higher risk for development of the disease, and some infected women with chronic Chagas (as many as 10%) may transmit the parasites to their newborns (congenital Chagas disease). Also, eating unwashed foods that are contaminated with feces from the infected bugs may cause Chagas disease (food-borne disease). What are symptoms and signs of Chagas disease? Readers Comments 1 Share Your Story The symptoms and signs of Chagas disease can be quite variable and range from no symptoms at all to severe and distressing symptoms. The first symptoms and signs, when present in the acute phase, may include some of the following: Swelling and/or redness at the skin infection site (termed chagoma)Skin rash Swollen lymph nodes Fever Headaches and body aches Fatigue Nausea, vomiting, and/or diarrhea Abdominal discomfort or pain Liver and/or spleen enlargement Romaña sign (unilateral painless edema [swelling] of tissues around the eye)EKG changes suggestive of myocarditis and/or arrhythmias may occur Muscle aches Most individuals who get the above acute-phase symptoms have them resolve spontaneously in about three to eight weeks. Occasionally, acute infections show chronic symptoms (listed below) if the patient's immune function is weakened. Most investigators suggest that the intermediate or indeterminate phase has no symptoms. This stage may last throughout the person's life, and the individuals may never know they have Chagas disease, especially if they had mild or no symptoms in the acute phase. However, this stage may only last about 10-20 years in some patients before the chronic symptoms develop in about 10%-30% of those infected. Some researchers compare the chronic phase of Chagas disease to HIV/AIDS. Whereas HIV/AIDS slowly attacks the immune system, Chagas disease slowly attacks the heart and the tissues of the gastrointestinal tract. Other investigators consider such a comparison as unwarranted publicity or hype to spotlight Chagas disease. Symptoms of chronic Chagas disease vary according to the organs most affected; in most cases, the heart or the gastrointestinal tract (or both) show the most serious symptoms. Chronic Chagas disease symptoms may include the following: Irregular heartbeats Palpitations (abnormal heartbeat sensations)Fainting (syncope)Cardiomyopathy (chronic disease of the heart muscle)Congestive heart failure (dilated heart)Shortness of breath (dyspnea)Emphysema Stroke Sudden death Chronic abdominal pain Chronic constipation Dilated esophagus and/or colon Difficulty swallowing These symptoms are due to organ damage caused by the persistent presence of the parasites within the tissues of these organs. Chronic inflammation develops as the body reacts to the parasites; it affects the nerve cells or neurons in these tissues, causing electrical conduction changes in the heart (arrhythmias) and poor muscle tone in the intestines. Bacterial Infections 101 Pictures Slideshow Take the Tummy Trouble Quiz Hepatitis C Slideshow Pictures How do health-care professionals diagnose Chagas disease? Readers Comments 3 Share Your Story Unless the person lives in an area where the chagomas associated with Chagas disease are well recognized, the acute phase is not often diagnosed. The majority of acute-phase infections are not diagnosed because many people develop nonspecific symptoms, and the people who get the infection usually are very poor, have primitive living conditions, and no access to medical care. Unfortunately, if Chagas disease is not diagnosed and treated in the early phase, those infections that progress to chronic phase are then are diagnosed in this later stage when they are not easily treated because the damage to the body organs is usually irreversible. There are multiple types of blood tests available to test for Chagas disease. Most are based on the host (human) production of antibodies directed against the infecting parasites, although direct microscopic examination of blood smears may visualize the parasites. However, microscopic visualization of the parasites usually requires confirmation by immunological studies because visually, the parasites may be confused with those seen in people with malaria, leishmaniasis, babesiosis, giardiasis, or African sleeping sickness. Microscopic preparation and examination should be performed by experienced lab technicians or experts in parasitology. Giemsa-stained microscopic picture of Trypanosoma cruzi in a blood smear; SOURCE: CDC/Dr. Mae Melvin In the U. S., the FDA approved an immunologic test (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay or ELISA test) for Chagas disease by Ortho-Clinical Diagnostics in 2006. It detects antibodies formed against T. cruzi with high sensitivity and specificity and currently is the only FDA-approved test. Since 2007, about 800 blood-donor samples have been detected as Chagas-positive across the U. S. (see map, reference five). Other tests used in other countries (indirect immunofluorescence, hemagglutination) are less sensitive and specific but are still used. A Chagas radioimmune precipitation assay (Chagas RIPA) is used in research and with FDA permission in some clinical testing but is not widely available. Most cases of Chagas disease are diagnosed when individuals donate blood; most people are not aware they have been infected with T. cruzi. However, since blood and organ donation can pass the disease to other people, most labs now test donated blood and organs for Chagas disease with the approved ELISA assay. If the donors are positive, they are notified (diagnosed). The prevalence of Chagas-positive blood donors is estimated by various studies to widely range between about one positive case per 2,000-29,000 donors. Chronic-phase Chagas disease is diagnosed also with the above-mentioned blood tests, but these patients also often have physical findings that indicate the patient has chronic disease. Physical findings may include swelling of the extremities (peripheral edema), ascites, pulmonary congestion, and arrhythmias in patients with heart involvement. Patients with mainly chronic gastrointestinal involvement may have weight loss, severe gastroesophageal reflux, esophageal erosions, inability to swallow normally, or an enlarged colon (megacolon) with an enlarged abdomen. Many different diseases can cause these physical findings so it is important to know that the patient has a positive blood test for T. cruzi before concluding the person has Chagas disease. Conversely, if such physical findings and history of possible contact with Chagas vectors is present, then the blood tests could be done to either prove or rule out the diagnosis of Chagas disease in chronic phase. Other tests such as electrocardiography and Holter or heart-event monitoring, endoscopy, esophageal manometry (pressure measurements within the esophagus), or gastrointestinal motility studies are used to help determine the functionality of heart or gastrointestinal tissues in patients with chronic-phase Chagas disease. Quick Guide Symptoms of Mono: Infectious Mononucleosis Treatment What is the treatment for Chagas disease? Share Your Story Treatment for Chagas disease often depends on the phase of the disease and the age of the patient. Acute-phase treatment centers on killing the T. cruzi parasites with antiparasitic drugs. The prescription medications benznidazole (Rochagan, Ragonil) and nifurtimox (Lampit) may eliminate or reduce the number of parasites in the body. Some investigators suggest that drug-resistant parasites occur and others suggest these drugs of choice never eliminate all of the parasites. However, the CDC recommends drug treatment for ""all people diagnosed with an acute (Chagas) infection, congenital infection, and for those with suppressed immune systems, and for all children with chronic infection. Adults with chronic infection may also benefit from treatment."" The CDC advises caution about treating adults over 50 years of age and recommends that treatment plans for older adults be individualized. Both of these antiparasitic drugs are available in Central and South America. In the United States, however, the drugs can be obtained only through the CDC. During the intermediate or indeterminate phase, the vast majority of adult patients obtain no antiparasitic treatments; however, children in this stage of disease should continue drug therapy. The situation with adults may change as new investigations with antiparasitic drug treatments are being done in South America. Antiparasitic drug therapy of the chronic phase in adults is controversial. As quoted above, the CDC says adults with chronic infection may benefit from drug treatment, but most experts suggest there is no benefit to adults with chronic-phase Chagas disease. However, treatment of the symptoms of chronic Chagas disease is often necessary and can be life-prolonging or lifesaving. For example, pacemaker placement or even cardiac transplantation can be lifesaving to some patients who develop arrhythmias or cardiomyopathy. Surgical resection of the gastrointestinal tract may help alleviate some gastrointestinal problems. In addition, there are many medications available to treat specific arrhythmias and other bowel problems that may be seen in chronic Chagas disease; cardiac and gastrointestinal consultants often can help manage chronic-phase Chagas disease. Medication for the treatment of Chagas disease is available only through the CDC. Bacterial Infections 101 Pictures Slideshow Take the Tummy Trouble Quiz Hepatitis C Slideshow Pictures What types of physicians treat Chagas disease? Although most acute-phase infections usually do not require specialists, often patients with chronic-phase Chagas disease may benefit from consultation with a cardiologist, gastroenterologist, and/or an infectious-disease specialist. Some patients may need a transplant surgeon. The physician team members are usually made up of physicians that are experts required according to the severity of each individual's chronic problems. Can transmission of Chagas disease be prevented with a vaccine? Currently, there is no vaccine available for humans to prevent Chagas disease. However, there are other ways available to humans to reduce or even prevent the disease. Most experts in Chagas disease agree that a majority of infections can be prevented by improving poor or primitive housing conditions. Judicious use of insecticides and education of people about home cleanliness for populations at risk for Chagas disease can augment good housing design. The principal goal is to prevent the vector (bugs) from establishing a domiciliary cycle in the home by making a home difficult for the bugs to invade or live in. For example, plaster-sealed walls in a home with a metal or shingle roof are far less likely to be populated by bug vectors than a mud-walled structure covered with a thatch roof, and a well-cleaned home is far less likely to have areas for bugs to hide and replicate than an unclean home. Several studies suggest this is an effective way to prevent Chagas disease. In addition, insect repellents and insecticides like Pyrethrin may reduce the chance of getting the disease by repelling or killing the vectors. Since blood transfusions can account for a large number of person-to-person transfers of T. cruzi, many blood banks around the world are now testing donated blood for antibodies to the parasite. If a blood sample is positive, the blood is discarded and the donor usually is notified and requested not to donate blood in the future. Similar situations occur with organ donors. Such methods help prevent Chagas disease. Quick Guide Symptoms of Mono: Infectious Mononucleosis Treatment What is the prognosis for Chagas disease? In general, the prognosis for people who do not develop the chronic phase of Chagas disease is usually good. People who are diagnosed and treated in the acute phase of the disease usually have an excellent prognosis. However, individuals who go on to develop chronic-phase Chagas disease have a worse prognosis due to the damage caused to the heart, GI tract, and possibly other organs. What are the complications of Chagas disease? Most of the complications that develop with Chagas disease are seen in the chronic phase of the disease. Most of the complications are related to muscle changes (muscle atrophy, fibrosis, and inflammation) caused by the parasites in two body organs, the heart, and the GI tract. Consequently, heart failure and esophageal and colon enlargement (megaesophagus and megacolon) are serious complications of Chagas disease. These changes can result in weakness, difficulty swallowing, abdominal pain, and death. Other organs may also malfunction (ureters, bile duct, for example). What research is being done for Chagas disease? Research is progressing on Chagas disease. The BENEFIT study plans to determine if 60 days of treatment with an antiparasitic drug (benznidazole) could prevent the progression of cardiac disease in patients with chronic Chagas disease (18-75 years of age). Another study on benznidazole is in progress to determine how well it performs in children (2-12 years of age) in prevention of deaths and complications in young adults. Researchers continue to search for a vaccine against Chagas disease; one group reports success in protecting mice with inactivated mutant parasites, while another group reports development of a vaccine made from parasite DNA. Aggressive research may provide ways to treat and prevent Chagas disease. However, a few researchers say all that is really necessary is to prevent primitive housing that leads to development of the domiciliary cycle. Daily Health News Bad Habits Cause Weight Gain Earlier Menopause, Poorer Memory Duration of Zika in Semen High Blood Pressure and Dementia New Device for Diabetic Retinopathy More Health News »Trending on Medicine Net Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD)E. Coli Hepatitis ABurning Urination (Dysuria)Scabies From Infectious Disease Resources8 Serious HIV Symptoms to Watch For Is It a Cold, Strep, or Tonsillitis? Tips to Prevent Cold Sores Featured Centers How Could You Live Better With Migraine? Not Being Defined by Your Cancer Track Cold & Flu in Your Area Health Solutions From Our Sponsors Frequent Constipation? Greater Food Accessibility Subscribe to Medicine Net's General Health Newsletter By clicking Submit, I agree to the Medicine Net's Terms & Conditions & Privacy Policy and understand that I may opt out of Medicine Net's subscriptions at any time. Chagas Disease (American Trypanosomiasis or Kissing Bug Disease) Center References Related Article Stomach Pain Quiz: Nausea & Other Causes Learn about digestive diseases and stomach problems such as acid reflux, GERD, gas, Crohn's disease, gall stones, and ulcerative colitis. Learn symptoms, causes, diagnosis, and treatments. Read more: Stomach Pain Quiz: Nausea & Other Causes Patient Comments Chagas Disease - Symptoms Describe the signs and symptoms you experienced with Chagas disease. Post View 1 Comment Chagas Disease - Experience Where do you think you acquired Chagas disease? Please discuss your experience. Post Chagas Disease - Diagnosis Describe the events that led to a diagnosis of Chagas disease. Post View 3 Comments Chagas Disease - Treatment How was your Chagas disease treated? Post Complete List Top Chagas Disease Related Articles Abdominal Pain (Causes, Remedies, Treatment)Abdominal pain can have many causes that range from mild to severe. Some of these causes include bloating, gas, colitis, endometriosis, food poisoning, GERD, IBS (irritable bowel syndrome), ovarian cysts, abdominal adhesions, diverticulitis, Crohn's disease, ulcerative colitis, gallbladder disease, liver disease, and cancers. Signs and symptoms of the more serious causes include dehydration, bloody or black tarry stools, severe abdominal pain, pain with no urination or painful urination. Treatment for abdominal pain depends upon the cause. Aches, Pain, Fever Although a fever technically is any body temperature above the normal of 98.6 F (37 C), in practice, a person is usually not considered to have a significant fever until the temperature is above 100.4 F (38 C). Fever is part of the body's own disease-fighting arsenal; rising body temperatures apparently are capable of killing off many disease-producing organisms. Congestive Heart Failure (CHF) Overview Congestive heart failure (CHF) refers to a condition in which the heart loses the ability to function properly. Heart disease, high blood pressure, diabetes, myocarditis, and cardiomyopathies are just a few potential causes of congestive heart failure. Signs and symptoms of congestive heart failure may include fatigue, breathlessness, palpitations, angina, and edema. Physical examination, patient history, blood tests, and imaging tests are used to diagnose congestive heart failure. Treatment of heart failure consists of lifestyle modification and taking medications to decrease fluid in the body and ease the strain on the heart. The prognosis of a patient with congestive heart failure depends on the stage of the heart failure and the overall condition of the individual. Constipation Constipation is defined medically as fewer than three stools per week and severe constipation as less than one stool per week. Constipation usually is caused by the slow movement of stool through the colon. There are many causes of constipation including: Medications Poor bowel habits Low fiber diets Abuse of laxatives Hormonal disorders and Diseases primarily of other parts of the body that also affect the colon Diarrhea Diarrhea is a change is the frequency and looseness of bowel movements. Symptoms associated with diarrhea are cramping, abdominal pain, and the sensation of rectal urgency. Causes of diarrhea include viral, bacterial, or parasite infection, gastroenteritis, food poisoning, and drugs. Absorbents and anti-motility medications are used to treat diarrhea. ELISA Tests ELISA stands for ""enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay."" This is a rapid immunochemical test that involves an enzyme (a protein that catalyzes a biochemical reaction). It also involves an antibody or antigen (immunologic molecules). Fainting Fainting, also referred to as blacking out, syncope, or temporary loss of consciousness has many causes. Often a person will have signs or symptoms prior to the fainting episode. Diagnosis and treatment depends upon the cause of the fainting or syncope episode. Palpitations Overview Palpitations are uncomfortable sensations of the heart beating hard, rapidly, or irregularly. Some types of palpitations are benign, while others are more serious. Palpitations are diagnosed by taking the patient history and by performing an EKG or heart monitoring along with blood tests. An electrophysiology study may also be performed. Treatment of palpitations may include lifestyle changes, medication, ablation, or implantation of a pacemaker. The prognosis if palpitations depends on the underlying cause. Rash The word ""rash"" means an outbreak of red bumps on the body. The way people use this term, ""a rash"" can refer to many different skin conditions. The most common of these are scaly patches of skin and red, itchy bumps or patches all over the place. Stroke Symptoms and Treatment A stroke is an interruption of the blood supply to part of the brain caused by either a blood clot (ischemic) or bleeding (hemorrhagic). Symptoms of a stroke may includeweakness, numbness, double vision or vision loss, confusion, vertigo, and difficulty speaking or understanding speech. A physical exam, imaging tests, neurological exam, and blood tests may be used to diagnose a stroke. Treatment may include administration of clot-busting drugs, supportive care, and in some instances, neurosurgery. The risk of stroke can be reduced by controlling high blood pressure, high cholesterol, diabetes, and stopping smoking. Popular Collections Beware of Deadly Bug Bites & Stings Recognize These Common Eye Conditions Natural Cold & Flu Remedies Managing Blood Sugar Swings Cholesterol: What the Numbers Mean Omega-3 Foods for a Stronger Heart Low-T and Erectile Dysfunction Joint Friendly Exercises The Most Effective Birth Control Lung Cancer Stages & Treatments Migraine Triggers You Can Avoid Why Heart Attacks Happen Foods to Help You Concentrate Your Cancer Questions Answered Stop Wrecking Your Teeth The Dangers of Blood Clots Learn More About Eating Disorders Surgery or Medication for Crohn's? Featured Slideshows Protect Your Eyesight Warning Signs of Common Eye Conditions Migraine or Headache What's the Difference? Psoriasis See What It Looks Like and How to Treat It "


how long until boiled eggs are done

According to the American Egg Board, who are eggsperts, Eggs should stand in hat, not boiling water for 9- 15 minutes depending on the size of the egg. They recommend 9 minutes for medium eggs, 12 minutes for large eggs, and 15 minutes for extra large eggs.

"Hard-boiled Eggs Eggs (food) Cooking Food How do you know when hard boiled eggs are done?31 Answers Sandeep Guguloth, Research Scholar in Machine Design; Mechanical engineer; Artist. Answered Sep 1, 2013Originally Answered: When boiling eggs in water at what point can you say the eggs have boil

ed? General rule of thumb for a Chicken's egg is 5 to 10 minutes. But if you want to make sure that it is indeed boiled and eatable, there is one method I follow. When the egg (s) is/are in the bowl, boiling, take a spoon or fork and push the egg around in the bowl. If it's boiled, it's hard and moves along easily like a tennis ball. But if it isn't, the yolk keeps floating in white and the egg doesn't exactly move like a ball. It kinda wobbles.

If it is the case, you should let it boil for a couple more minutes or so. It'll get hard enough this time. Some prefer it hard, wherein you need to let it boil for more time (15 mins, probably). But usually the problem is that the white breaks out of the shell if you boil it longer. So, if you wanna eat hard boiled egg, at the time of purchase, make sure the shell is hard as hell!23.8k Views · View Upvoters Your response is private. Is this answer still relevant and up to date? Related Questions More Answers Below How do I make hard boiled eggs taste better? What is the best way to cook and eat a hard boiled egg? How can we use hard boiled egg yolk? How can I tell if my hard boiled eggs are good after boiling? Why does my hard boiled eggs crack while I boil them? Ask New Question Cliff Taylor, Professional Computer Scientist, Amateur Food Scientist, Google-fu Grand Master Answered May 28, 2015 · Author has 62 answers and 287k answer views Originally Answered: How can you tell if a hard boiled egg is done? There's not really a good way to test if a hard-cooked egg is done. The method Satpreet Singh Bedi recommends below is probably the closest you'll find, but it won't tell you the difference between almost done, done, and overdone. Temperature is the deciding factor, and while you might manage to test an egg's temperature with the right equipment, that's of no help to most home cooks. The best thing you can do is use a tried-and-true recipe (e.g. steam for ~12 minutes, then run under cold water) and adjust the cooking time if you find the eggs need to be more or less done for your liking. If you want to be really sure, cook the eggs in a temperature-controlled bath (""sous vide""). I use a consumer-grade immersion circulator from Anova to make very soft-cooked eggs that are like perfectly poached eggs. It's my new favorite toy! As a side note, there is a way to tell a whole cooked egg from one that's raw: Spin the egg on the counter. Give it a good spin, but be gentle. Stop the egg suddenly by putting your finger on top. Immediately release the egg again. If the egg begins to rotate again, it's raw. The liquid in the egg still has enough momentum to cause the egg to turn. If it just sits there or rolls a bit, it's cooked.26.1k Views · View Upvoters Your response is private. Is this answer still relevant and up to date?promoted by Webstaurant Store250,000+ restaurant supplies and equipment. Browse our selection for everything you could need. Order by 2 PM EST & it will ship today!Shop Now at webstaurantstore.com Yuan Gao, Engineer and CTO of Mavrx (2011-present)Updated Apr 25, 2017 · Author has 1.3k answers and 8.4m answer views Cooking an egg is a great exercise in chemistry. There are some really great answers on this page, but I'd like to present the scientific approach: Eggs contain protein. When you cook protein, you denature them, breaking up these complex macromolecules. These breaks expose lots of new sites on the protein that can form bonds, and as the broken proteins bond with each other, forming cross-connections, what was previously a liquid congeals into a solid. This is what you're doing when you cook an egg. There are many different proteins in an egg, and they all congeal at different temperatures. The proteins in the yolk tend to congeal at slightly higher temperatures than in the whites, which allows you to cook a soft-boiled egg. This actually means that if the temperature of the water is low enough, then your egg will never hard-boil, however long you leave it. This is why they say you can't boil an egg on mount Everest - the boiling point of water at at that altitude is too low to denature the egg's proteins fully. (Though, if a climber REALLY wanted to have hard-boiled eggs on Everest, all they'd need to do is cook the eggs in a different liquid with a high enough boiling point like oil, or maybe toast the egg carefully over an open flame)As Garrick Saito mentions, the yolks congeal at about 165°F / 74°C (the whites congeal at a lower temperature than this). If you can raise the temperature of the yolks to this temperature, your egg is hard-boiled. The rate at which you do this matters less than the final temperature that you reach (though in reality, the rate of cooking does have an impact on the texture of the egg, but that relationship is much more complex than temperature). Because there's no easy way to measure the internal temperature of the egg without sticking a thermometer into it, we have to estimate it. An egg placed in boiling water will heat up at a certain rate, and people have long since worked out that for a typical egg, placed in boiling water, it takes about 10-15 minutes to get to the right internal temperature. People will tell you that ""cooking times vary"" because this is just an approximate time for a typical egg, and typical conditions. If your egg is abnormally large, then it would take longer. So what's the scientific solution to cooking a perfect egg? You could in theory instrument the egg with a temperature sensor: drill a tiny hole, insert a very fine thermocouple probe, reseal the hole with some food-safe sealant, and then cook the egg. Don't forget to remove the probe before eating. A better method would be instead to control the heating. If you cook your egg in water that is exactly 165°F / 74°C, then the inside of the egg will gradually reach this temperature, and it will never go over. As long as you leave the egg in there for enough time, it will eventually be done and never over. (source: http://timetobeinspired.ca/2012/...)Cooking protein at a water-bath set at the exact temperature, is a modern cooking method called Sous-vide (or low-temperature) cooking, and can be used to cook not just eggs, but meat, fish, vegetables, and ensembles. Sous-vide cooking has a lot of benefits over regular cooking, for example, for salmon, it's often difficult to get the whole fish thoroughly cooked; f you're not careful, you'll end up with an overcooked dry and flaky exterior, with a pink and undercooked interior. Using an immersion-circulator set to 122°F / 50°C, you can ensure that the entire piece is cooked to a perfect, even doneness, with no risk of over- or under-cooking, while retaining more juiciness than regular cooking. Being able to cook an egg at an exact temperature gives rise to some interesting possibilities. For example, as the egg whites contain proteins that congeal at a lower temperature than the egg yolks, it is possible to cook a soft-boiled egg with a fairly solid white and very runny yolk, by setting the temperature to At 145°F / 63°C: (Source: http://benstarr.com/recipes/sous...)Sous-vide cooking has become a popular tool for budding amateur molecular gastronomists, not only because it allows cooking styles not previously achievable by anyone short of a master chef, but also because it allows extremely consistent results, and at a leisurely pace. Quora has sections on both Sous Vide and Molecular Gastronomy, and there are whole websites dedicated to nothing but sous-vide cooking and experimentation. Things that look like this: (Source: http://thesadpig.com/blog/2013/0...)So to answer your question, the only fool-proof way of knowing when your hard-boiled eggs are done, is to cook it in water held exactly at 165°F / 74°C. This works regardless the size of egg.52.9k Views · View Upvoterspromoted by Reheatza Make homemade pizza right in the microwave. You can enjoy crispy pizza, grilled cheese and even french fries right from the microwave. Read More at reheatza.com Keith Burnett Answered Nov 3, 2017 · Author has 106 answers and 53.7k answer views We mentioned some some point, with the help of these point you know hard boiled eggs are done or not. For soft-boiled eggs, remove after 2 minutes. The whites should be cooked thoroughly, and the yolks should still be somewhat runny. Rinse immediately in cold water to stop the cooking process, or they'll become quickly over-done. For medium-boiled eggs, remove after 4 1/2 minutes. The yolks of medium-eggs should be just about solid, but moist, more like a custard than a hard-cooked egg. For hard-boiled eggs, remove after 8 minutes. The yolks of hard-boiled eggs are crumbly and bright yellow, completely solid, but with none of the grayish-green around the yolk that over-cooking yields. Thanks!2.5k Views · View Upvoters Chris Yang, Scientist turned Chef, Cannabis Entrepreneur Answered Sep 17, 2015 · Author has 223 answers and 290.8k answer views Originally Answered: How long does it take to hard boil an egg? I like my egg yolks slightly runny and creamy instead of dry and fully cooked. To achieve 90% cooked egg yolks, start with a pit of cold water. Put the eggs into the water while the water is cold. Bring the water to a boil. Cook the eggs for 6.5 minutes at the boil. Then quickly remove eggs from the boiling water, and cool them in a boil of cold water. When the eggs are cool, you should have a nicely boiled egg. Instagram: @cheftofer8.1k Views · View Upvoters David Lettvin, Cook, writer, gardener Answered Jul 13, 2015 · Author has 72 answers and 67.2k answer views Originally Answered: How do I know if a hard boiled egg is done? If you don't use Jen Richardson's method below (it's the best and I use it), then I assume that you're just putting them in a pot and boiling them. If that's the case, there is an easy rule of thumb. Use a spoon to remove the egg from the boiling water. Count five seconds. If the water has evaporated from the shell then it's done. Note: You'll need to adjust a bit for the environment (air pressure, humidity, etc. )11.7k Views · View Upvoters Jennifer Dene Richardson, works at Jennifer Dene Wellness Answered May 22, 2015 · Upvoted by Jay Racavich, Executive Chef, 15 years professional experience, food science geek. Originally Answered: How do I know if a hard boiled egg is done? The PERFECT method for cooking a hard boiled egg is as follows: Place eggs in cold water in a saucepan. Bring water to the boil and then turn the water off completely and leave the saucepan covered with the lid for... 6 minutes for a perfect yellow center 8 minutes for a harder yolk. Immediately place eggs in a bowl of water with ice (also known as an ice bath) until cool enough to peel. To Peel: Tap the shell all over with the back of a spoon. Gently slide the spoon under the cracked egg and as you move it around the shell will slide off. Just be careful not to dig the spoon into the white. I would love to hear what you think of this method, it has never let me down!6k Views · View Upvoters Quora User, Food blogger, Cooking enthusiast Answered Jan 20, 2016 · Author has 71 answers and 265.5k answer views Originally Answered: How do you know the egg is fully boiled or not? Method 1: The best way to ensure if an egg is cooked is to time it properly. For hard boiled eggs, I keep eggs in cold water and then bring to a boil and then simmer for 11 minutes, then shock it in cold water and it yields perfectly boiled eggs eveytime. So best way is to time the eggs. Here is a chart describing the texture of the egg for that particular time interval- Method 2: Another way to check if your egg is hard boiled, is the spin test. Keep the boiled egg on a flat top and spin it gently. Hard boiled eggs will spin smoothly whereas soft eggs will wobble. You can also take it once step further to check it by using your index finger press on the spinning egg to stop it. If it stops immediately it's done but if it still wobbles and moves slightly its underdone. But this method doesn't distinguish between properly done and over done eggs.3.9k Views Garrick Saito, Amateur weekend cook. Avid Food Network watcher. Answered May 21, 2015 · Author has 18.9k answers and 71.6m answer views Originally Answered: How do I know if a hard boiled egg is done? Stick an instant read thermometer into one of th

em. If the internal temperature of the yolk is between 158 to 170 degrees F, they are fully cooked and ready to be removed from the heat source. See also > The Food Lab: The Hard Truth About Boiled Eggs This is only a guideline, but it should take between 11 to 13 minutes for a hard-boiled egg.

Cooking times may vary depending on the size, starting temperature of the egg and elevation (water boils increasing lower temperatures as elevation increases ). Photo credit: Serious Eats182.4k Views · View Upvoters Brandy Gamoning, 8 years working for Nest Fresh Eggs, a producer of 100% cage free eggs Answered Sep 18, 2015Originally Answered: How long does it take to hard boil an egg?

Source: http://www.incredibleegg.org/coo...16k Views · View Upvoters George Lew, ACF certified chef, food scientist and food lover. Answered Jan 8, 2016 · Upvoted by Quora User, trained chef, ten years experience from pubs to hotels · Author has 549 answers and 929.2k answer views Originally Answered: How do you know if an egg is already boiled? Spin it on a hard smooth surface. A hard boiled egg will keep spinning for a while, and an uncooked egg will quickly stop due to the inertia of the liquid interior resisting the rotation imparted by your spin.4.6k Views · View Upvoters Tziyona Kantrowitz, Chef and caterer Answered Dec 31, 2015 · Author has 439 answers and 175.5k answer views Originally Answered: How do you know when an egg is done boiling? After cooking in a school for many years cooking 140 eggs at a time, I think I found the best trick, but I have to be honest, my assistant said it does not create the perfect boiled egg. For convenience sake then, Boil the eggs covered in water, when one cracks AFTER it has been cooking - the eggs are done. Throw it in cold water (it will make it easier - but not impossible otherwise) and peel in the water. If boiled to little, it is very hard to peel, if too much the egg turns greenish. I vote for the green over time wasted peeling. But that is my call.2.2k Views · View Upvoters Michele Stewart, Foodie, gourmand, home cook and lover of internet research on cooking. Answered Jan 1, 2016 · Author has 1.2k answers and 1.3m answer views Originally Answered: How do you know when an egg is done boiling? Put eggs in a pan of cold water, covering the eggs by an inch. Bring the water to a rolling boil. As soon as the water comes to a boil, remove the pan from heat and cover the pan. Don't forget about the pan on the stove and let the eggs boil for too long or they will over cook!Set your timer for the desired time. For runny soft-boiled eggs (barely set whites): 3 minutes For slightly runny soft-boiled eggs: 4 minutes For custardy yet firm soft-boiled eggs: 6 minutes For firm yet still creamy hard-boiled eggs: 10 minutes For very firm hard-boiled eggs: 15 minutes4.2k Views · View Upvoters Ninad Mundhe, I love cooking Answered Jul 30, 2016 · Author has 137 answers and 1m answer views Originally Answered: How do I know if the eggs are boiled? Hi With boiling eggs always use a timer , it ideally takes about 6-8 minutes to soft boil an egg. Always start boiling the eggs submerged under cold water (by cold I mean regular tap water) and bring to a boil. Start your timer once water reaches boil. If you are unsure about the eggs ( i.e if they are runny or cooked) , spin the eggs with the narrow part facing upwards on a flat surface. If the egg keeps spinning they are cooked if they wobble they are runny. I can go to the science behind this but I guess that's not what you are looking for. But yeah , happy cooking Cheers1.3k Views Robin Clifton, Professional cook since '91Answered Dec 8, 2014 · Author has 422 answers and 497.6k answer views Originally Answered: When boiling eggs in water at what point can you say the eggs have boiled? There is no way to truely tell if an egg is done until you crack it open and check the yolk. This being said when I want to cook the perfect hard boiled egg there are a few things to keep in mind. The first thing is the egg. You want the freshest egg you can find and if you are boiling multiple eggs you should try and make sure they are all the same size. Next is the pot. I use the thickest heavy pot I have. I cacarefully place the eggs in the pot and then cover the eggs with more cold water than needed to cover the eggs completely and then some. Cooking. There are many methods and they all work I'm sure but the one I use is to use medium high heat and stir the eggs gently until the water starts to boil. This movement causes the yolk to stay suspended in the middle of the egg as it sets once the water reaches 212 degrees or a rapid boil you can turn off the heat and let the eggs cook. How long depends on the size of the egg. A standard extra large store bought egg at sea level takes 12 min before I plunge it into ice water to stop it from over cooking. Some people add vinagar or baking soda to the water to help keep the egg in its shell if for some reason the shell cracks. I don't because the flavor and texture of the egg is effected although it is slight.1.6k Views Lion Answered Jul 28, 2016Originally Answered: How do I know if the eggs are boiled? Place the eggs in a single layer at the bottom of a saucepan. Heat the pot on high heat and bring the water to a full rolling boil. Turn off the heat, keep the pan on the hot burner, cover, and let sit for 10-12 minutes. Grasp the egg between the fingers and thumb of your hand. With a sharp twisting motion, spin the egg on its side like a top. The motion you use should be a little like snapping your fingers. It should now be spinning at a steady, regular pace.397 Views Kac Zearns, Consulting Chef/creative Executive Chef (2015-present)Answered Dec 16, 2017Originally Answered: How do you know when a boiled egg is ready? Put cold water in a pot with your eggs, bring to the boil and turn off the heat and let them sit for 3.5 minutes for SOFT boiled eggs. Do the exact same thing for hard boiled, but let the water keep boiling for 8 minutes then cool instantly174 Views · View Upvoters Luisa Adelia Answered Mar 17, 2018there are no hard and fast rules for preparing eggs and tell that it is ready. Only you have to follow the ideal procedure of cooking to get the desired result of hard boiled eggs are done. Gently place a layer of eggs in the saucepan Keep enough space between them Pour water into the saucepan up to an inch above egg Put some salt to avoid cracking of shells Heat it up for about 12 – 15 minutes Turn off the burner As soon as you stop heating, change the water and fill the saucepan with cold water. This will stop eggs from further cooking due to residual hot water. Close the lid and keep it for two minutes more. Now, peel them and enjoy your food.13 Views Rob Axelrod, studied at Cornell University Answered Sep 1, 2015Originally Answered: How long do I boil an egg to get a hard boiled egg? It is more complicated than just boiling them but if you want truly perfect hard boiled eggs follow Julia Child's recipe ( Julia Childs Hard Boiled Eggs Recipe - Food.com ). They come out consistently perfect with bright yellow yolks and easily peeled shells.2.6k Views David Mazor, Food enthusiast. Answered Sep 28, 2015 · Author has 277 answers and 108k answer views Spin them. First, take three eggs and cook 2 of them. One hard boiled, one soft boiled. Now, spin the raw, the soft boiled, and hard boiled egg. You'll find that the raw egg barely spins at all. The soft boiled egg spins better, and the hard boiled spins best. I remember learning this in a science exam back at highschool. We had to figure this out using scientific methodology.2.2k Views · View Upvoters1 2 Next →Related Questions How can I make hard boiled egg whites? What goes well with hard boiled eggs? Why are hard boiled eggs good for a diet? What are the nutrition facts of hard boiled eggs? How do you make quick hard boiled egg? Why do hard boiled eggs stink of sulphur? How can I know that the egg is perfectly boiled? Is it possible to instantly hard boil an egg? How many minutes for a hard boiled egg? What are hard-boiled eggs? Ask New Question Related Questions How do I make hard boiled eggs taste better? What is the best way to cook and eat a hard boiled egg? How can we use hard boiled egg yolk? How can I tell if my hard boiled eggs are good after boiling? Why does my hard boiled eggs crack while I boil them? How can I make hard boiled egg whites? What goes well with hard boiled eggs? Why are hard boiled eggs good for a diet? What are the nutrition facts of hard boiled eggs? How do you make quick hard boiled egg? Ask New Question "