when allocating service department costs, the method which ignores serviced provided to other service departments is called

Direct method allocates each service department's total costs directly to the production departments, and ignores the fact that service departments may also provide services to other service departments.

"Examining methods for allocating overhead costs Print Reference this Published: 23rd March, 2015Disclaimer: This essay has been submitted by a student. This is not an example of the work written by our professional essay writers. Any opinions, findings, conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of UK Essays. Overhead cost is an ongoing expense of operating a business and is usually used to group expenses that are necessary to the continued functioning of the business, but cannot be immediately associated with the products/services being offered as in the costs do not directly generate profits. Overhead cost includes indirect product cost or indirect cost of responsibility centre. Indirect product cost is known as manufacturing overhead whereas indirect cost of responsibility centre is known as non-manufacturing cost. Manufacturing overhead is those manufacturing costs that are incurred to a variety of products. It cannot be traced to individual products like depreciation and insurance of manufacturing equipment, cost of occupying, managing and maintaining a production facility. Manufacturing overhead is the cost that could be traced to individual product but it is not worth the trouble to like cost of lubricants and glue used. Manufacturing overhead also include cost that is more appropriately to be treated as cost of all outputs like overtime premium, cost of idle time, utilities cost. Non-manufacturing cost includes customer service, marketing and research & development cost. ALLOCATING OVERHEAD COSTSNormally, only manufacturing overhead is allocated to products. However, depending on the industry the business is in and to obtain more comprehensive estimates of product cost, management accountant may allocate non-manufacturing cost to products. One example is Apple Co. with high research & development cost, to obtain accurate product costing, they allocate part of the research & development cost to product cost. ABSORPTION COSTINGProduction overhead, or usually refer to as manufacturing overhead, is recovered by absorbing them into the cost of a product. This process is known as absorption costing. Absorption costing means that all of the manufacturing costs are absorbed by the units produced. In other words, the cost of a finished unit in inventory will include direct materials, direct labor, and both variable and fixed manufacturing overhead. As a result, absorption costing is also referred to as full costing or the full absorption method. Absorption costing is often contrasted with variable costing or direct costing. The fixed manufacturing overhead costs are not allocated or assigned to (not absorbed by) the products manufactured under variable or direct costing. Variable costing is often useful for management's decision-making. However, absorption costing is often required for external financial reporting and for income tax reporting. Absorption costing includes 3 stages, namely apportionment of overheads, reapportionment or allocation of service (non-production) cost centre overheads and also absorption of overhead. For apportionment of overheads, there are no hard and fast rules for which basis of apportionment to use except that whichever method is used to apportion overheads, it must be fair. Unlike direct cost, indirect cost is usually allocated to cost objects and is not directly traced to cost objects. Cost object is defined as item that is assigned separate measure of cost. To facilitate allocation of overhead cost, overhead cost that have common allocation base is pooled together and is known as cost pool. For each cost pool, bases of apportionment are chosen. Bases of apportionment are some factors or variables that allow us to allocate costs in a cost pool to cost objects. The selection of the base of apportionment should be on causal-and-effects grounds, which mean it should be a cost driver. Some examples of bases of apportionment include floor area, net book value of fixed assets and number of employees. Floor area is usually used for rent and rates overhead. It is assumed that the greater the floor space occupied by the production centers, the more rent, cleaning and electricity usage are consumed. Net book value of fixed assets is used for depreciation and insurance of machinery. It is based on the assumption that - Number of employees is used for canteen cost. The assumption is when the number of employees increases, the canteen cost will increase. Example: ABC Ltd has two production departments (Assembly and Finishing) and two service departments (Maintenance and Canteen). The following are budgeted costs for the next period: The second stage of absorption costing is reapportionment or allocation of service cost centre costs overhead to production cost centers. Service cost centers (departments) are not directly involved in making products. Therefore the fixed production overheads of service cost centers must be shared out between the production cost centers using suitable basis. Examples of service cost centers or also referred to as support department cost centers include maintenance department, payroll department, stores and canteen. In contrast to operating or production department which engages in production of the products and directly adds value to a product or service, support or service department provides the service that assist and complements the smooth functioning of the production departments in the company. Methods of allocating support or service department cost to production department include direct method, step-down method and reciprocal method. DIRECT METHODThe direct method is the most widely-used method where it allocates each service department's total costs directly to the production departments. It ignores the fact that service departments may also provide services to other service departments. Under this method, there is no interaction between service departments prior to allocation. Example: Machining and Assembly are the only production departments that used the services of the Human Resources Department in March. Costs from Human Resources are allocated based on the number of new hires. Machining hired seven employees in March and Assembly hired three employees. Human Resources incurred total costs of RM93, 000 in March. Allocation of H. R. Department costs to Machining:70% of RM 93,000 = RM 65,100Allocation of H. R. Department costs to Assembly:30% of RM 93,000 = RM 27,900No information is necessary about whether any service departments utilized services of the Human Resources Department is the characteristic feature of the direct method. It does not take account whether no other service department hired anybody, or whether three other service departments each hired five employees (implying that more than 50% of the hiring occurred in the service departments). Service department to service department services are ignored, and no costs are allocated from one service department to another when using the direct method. STEP-DOWN METHODThestep-down methodor known as sequential method allocates the costs of some service departments to other service departments. However, once a service department's costs have been allocated, no subsequent costs are allocated back to it. The choice of which department to start with is very important. The sequence in which the service departments are allocated usually effects the ultimate allocation of costs to the production departments, in that some production departments gain and some lose when the sequence is changed. Hence, production department managers usually prefer over the sequence. The most defensible sequence is to start with the service department that provides the highest percentage of its total services to other service departments, or the service department with the highest costs, or the service department that provides services to the most number of service departments, or some similar criterion. Example: Human Resources (H. R.), Data Processing (D. P.), and Risk Management (R. M.) provide services to the Machining and Assembly production departments, and in some cases, the service departments also provide services to each other: The amounts in the far left column are the costs incurred by each service department. Any services that a department provides to itself are ignored, so the intersection of the row and column for each service department shows zero. The rows sum to 100%, so that all services provided by each service department are charged out. The company decides to allocate the costs of Human Resources first, because it provides services to two other service departments, and provides a greater percentage of its services to other service departments. However, a case could be made to allocate Data Processing first, because it has greater total costs than either of the other two service departments. In any case, the company decides to allocate Data Processing second. In the table below, the row for each service department allocates the total costs in that department (the original costs incurred by the department plus any costs allocated to it from the previous allocation of other service departments) to the production departments as well as to any service departments that have not yet been allocated. After the first service department has been allocated, in order to derive the percentages to apply to the production departments and any remaining service departments, it is necessary to ""normalize"" these percentages so that they sum to 100%. For example, after H. R. has been allocated, no costs from D. P. can be allocated back to H. R. The percentages for the remaining service and production departments sum to 92% (7% + 30% + 55%), not 100%. Therefore, these percentages are normalized as follows: For example, in the table above, 59.78% of RM136,000 (= RM 81,304) is allocated to Assembly, not 55%. The characteristic feature of the step-down method is that once the costs of a service department have been allocated, no costs are allocated back to that service department. As can be seen by adding RM 105,522 and RM 134,478, all RM 240,000 incurred by the service departments are ultimately allocated to the two production departments. The intermediate allocations from service department to service department improve the accuracy of those final allocations. RECIPROCAL METHODThereciprocal method is the most accurate among the three methods for allocating service department costs. It is because it recognizes reciprocal services among service departments. However, it is also the most complicated method, because it requires solving a set of simultaneous linear equations. Using the data from the step-down method example, the simultaneous equations are: H. R. =RM80,000 + (0.08 x D. P.)D. P. =RM 120,000 + (0.20 x H. R.)R. M. = RM40,000 + (0.10 x H. R.) + (0.07 x D. P.)Where the variables H. R., D. P. and R. M. represent the total costs to allocate from each of these service departments. For example, Human Resources receive services from Data Processing, but not from Risk Management. 8% of the services that Data Processing provides, it provides to Human Resources. Therefore, the total costs allocated from Human Resources should include not only the RM 80,000 incurred in that department, but also 8% of the costs incurred by Data Processing. Solving for the three unknowns (which can be performed using spreadsheet software): To illustrate the derivation of the amounts in this table, the RM36,423 that is allocated from Human Resources to Machining is 40% of H. R.'s total cost of RM 91,057. DIFFERENCES BETWEEN METHODS AND PROBLEMS USING THE METHODSDirect method allocates support cost only to operational departments and there in no interaction between support departments prior to allocation. On the other hand, step down method allocates support costs to other support departments and to operating departments that partially recognizes the mutual services provided among all support departments. Under this method, there is one-way interaction between support departments prior to allocation. Reciprocal method allocates support department costs to operating departments by fully recognizing the mutual services provided among all support departments. It is full two-way Interaction between support departments prior to allocation. Direct, step-down and reciprocal methods of support department cost allocation gave slightly different total overhead cost and overhead rates for each production department. It is because of the different recognition that each method gives to support relationships. The direct method does not recognize any relationships that exist between support departments whereas step-down method gives only partial recognition to these relationships. Reciprocal method gives the most accurate results when allocating of multiple service departments' costs to operating departments. The power of reciprocal method over other methods (direct method, step-down method) lies in its considering the mutual services provided among all service departments which means the costs of service departments are allocated to each service department (except the service provider) besides operating departments. However the application of this more powerful method is rare. It is because it is more complicated than other methods and it requires sophisticated computer aid. Some firms that use ERP software since this method requires additional modification in coding. Therefore most of the companies prefer employing either of direct or step down methods. Reciprocal method considers mutual services provided among all service departments, direct method and step-down method ignore this point. Moreover service department cost used by other service departments are also ignored in direct method. The drawback of direct method is partially reduced by step-down method by following a hierarchy among service departments while considering cost allocation. There is a ranking among service departments as to which department to begin allocation according to different rules which in turn yields different allocation figures. The drawback of step-down method to reciprocal method is that once the cost accumulated in the first in ranking service department is allocated, that department does not take any share from other service departments. Two main rules determine the raking. The first approach considers the number of departments served by the service departments to judge on which service department to begin allocation and which ones to move on. The service department that serves to the highest number of departments is the first department to begin allocation. In case of more than one department serve the highest number of departments, the department with highest accumulated costs is the first in the ranking and so on. The second approach adopts the percentage of service in determining the ranking of service department to begin with and to carry on. The service department with highest percentage of service to other departments is the first in the ranking and so on. In case of more than one department with equal the highest service percentage, the one with higher accumulated costs is set as the first and so on. Lastly reciprocal method or algebraic allocation method (REC) considers all served departments including service departments and operating departments by a service department except the one whose costs are allocated. There is a two way interaction among service departments unlike step-down method. The method yields equations with multiple unknowns which are equal to the number of service departments since the method considers all the costs of the service departments to be allocated. As the number of service departments increase the number of equations with multiple unknowns increase and hence a computer aid is required to solve the equations simultaneously. CONCLUSIONOut of the 3 allocation methods to allocate service/ support department cost to production department cost, reciprocal method is said to be the most precise method. It is also the most complicated method as it requires solving a set of simultaneous linear equations. However, direct and step-down methods are simple to compute and easy to understand. Nonetheless, direct method is the most widely used in industry.

The direct method and step-down method have no advantages over the reciprocal method except for their simplicity, and the step-down method is sometimes not very simple. Nevertheless, the reciprocal method is not widely used. Given advances in computing power, the reciprocal method would seem to be accessible to many companies that are not using it. Presumably, these companies believe that the benefits obtained from more accurate service department cost allocations do not justify the costs required to implement the reciprocal method. "


what is an interlude

"INTERLUDE MUSICAn interlude is defined as anytime in the ceremony where there are no words being spoken, and no activity for at least a minute. During this time, you may wish to have an interlude song played.

We add the ""no activity"" qualifier in order to distinguish interlude music from ritual music, which would, as the name implies, be playing during a ritual activity. When To Use Interlude Pieces•During meditation An interlude piece can accompany a moment of prayer or reflection.•To place special emphasis on the spoken word Interlude music can be used right after a reading, the Celebrant's address, or your vows and/or exchange of rings in order to give you and your guests a chance to reflect on the words, and even to more deeply feel the meaning of what has just been said.•As a breather just before your vows or ring exchange An Interlude song is appropriate just before the vows and/or the ring exchange in order to give the bridal couple a chance to pause, catch their breath, and begin to prepare for the moment to come. This could be especially important if you are going to recite your vows from memory or even if you are going to read them. The time during which this song is playing can give you a chance to review the lines in your mind, or to prepare any written notes you have.•To emphasize the family's or community's blessing of the marriage Finally, if there is going to be an affirmation of the community, an uplifting or inspirational interlude song played right after the affirmation can act as a big exclamation point ""!"" on the words that have just been spoken by the assembly. The Nature and Function of Interlude Songs Musical Interludes can be Vocals, Instrumentals, and even Solos from almost any genre, played at a moderate volume. They function to enhance the ceremony with symbolic and dramatic meaning. They can also help set the pace for the ceremony. Rather than a rushed ceremony where you move quickly from activity to activity, strategically placed interlude songs can improve the flow by slowing things down a bit, and giving everyone a chance to relax, reflect on, and enjoy the proceedings. Choose songs that have a special meaning for you or your families. Use songs that reflect your values and feelings about marriage, and songs that enhance the words of the reading or ritual that has just taken or is about to take place. Sometimes A Song Is Just A Song Must an interlude song always be used for practical purposes like highlighting a reading or giving the bridal couple a chance to review their vows? Absolutely not! You may want to have a song played during the ceremony simply because it is a very special song - perhaps one that played a big role in your meeting or deciding to get married, or even one that you just really like a lot. Just be prudent by making sure it is appropriate for a wedding ceremony. The Limit For Interludes We'll repeat here what we said on another page of our site. We recommend no more than three non-background interlude songs during the course of the ceremony. Interlude songs are great at enhancing the meaning of readings and assisting with the flow of a wedding, but done too many times they can actually interrupt the flow of the ceremony and/or come to be seen as a distraction that is unnecessarily adding to the length of it. For more on this, please go to our page entitled ""How Many Songs Will Be Needed For The Ceremony And Where Can They Be Placed"", and look under the category entitled ""No More Than Three. ""Here are just a few great interlude selections: Classical Arioso In A (Sinfonia from ""Cantata #156"") - Bach, Johann Sebastian Ave Maria - Bach, Johann Sebastian /Gounod, Charles Claire De Lune - Debussy, Claude Pavane - Faurer, Gabriel Panis Angelicus (O God Of Life) -Luciano Pavarotti The Lord's Prayer - Mallote Meditation (from Thais) -Massenet, Jules Ave Maria - Schubert, Franz Amazing Grace - Various Artists Greensleeves - Various Artists Simple Gifts - Various Artists Air On The G String - Bach, Johann Sebastian Sheep May Safely Graze - Bach, Johann Sebastian Hornpipe (from ""Water Music"") -Handel, George Frideric Country Best Day - George Strait Breathe - Faith Hill You Had Me From Hello - Kenny Chesney To Make You Feel My Love - Garth Brooks I Cross My Heart - George Strait Amazed - Lonestar I Do - Cherish You - Mark Wills Grow Old With Me - Mary Chapin Carpenter From This Moment - Shania Twain & Bryan White It's Your Love - Tim Mc Graw & Faith Hill The Keeper Of The Stars - Tracy Byrd I Do - Paul Brandt Pop The Prayer - Andrea Bocelli & Celine Dion The Gift - Jim Brickman w/ Martina Mc Bride Love Of My Life - Jim Brickman w/ Micheal W. Smith A Moment Like This - Kelly Clarkson Kind And Generous - Natalie Merchant Truly, Madly, Deeply - Savage Garden Because You Loved Me - Celine Dion Give Me Forever: I Do - John Tesh Beautiful In My Eyes - Joshua Kadison Through The Eyes Of Love - Melissa Manchester A Whole New World - Regina Belle & Peabo Bryson You Raise Me Up - Josh Groban Oldies We've Only Just Begun - Carpenters Your Song - Elton John Thank You - Led Zeppelin First Time Ever I Saw Your Face - Roberta Flack Colour My World - Chicago I Believe In You And Me - Four Tops The Wedding Song - Paul Stookey Ribbon In The Sky - Stevie Wonder R&BI Do: Cherish You - 98 Degrees Always - Atlantic Starr Always And Forever - Heatwave All My Life - K-Ci & Jo Jo Endless Love - Lionel Richie & Diana Ross Here And Now - Luther Vandross Endless Love - Luther Vandross & Mariah Carey For You I Will - Monica I Believe In You And Me - Whitney Houston Jewish Dodi Li - Steven Sher Others Once Upon a Time... Storybook Love (from ""The Princess Bride"") - Mark Knopfler Next, lets' take a look Unity Candle and other ritual music. Choosing Your Wedding Ceremony Music | Songs for Different Parts of Your Ceremony Wedding Ceremony Idea Center | Wedding Reception Idea Center | Wedding Journal Wedding Resource Store | Home | About Us | Contact Us Copyright Statement | Terms Of Use "


what does the pituitary gland go

The pituitary gland also controls ovulation and the menstrual cycle in women. The posterior lobe of the pituitary releases antidiuretic (pronounced: an-ty-dy-uh-REH-tik) hormone, which helps control the balance of water in the body.

"Kids Health / For Teens / Endocrine System What's in this article? Listenen español El sistema endocrino Ever dozed through chemistry class and wondered what chemistry had to do with you? A lot! Your body produces its own chemicals and uses them to control certain functions, and the main system that coordinates these chemicals is called the endocrine system. What Is the Endocrine System? Although we rarely think about the endocrine system, it influences almost every cell, organ, and function of our bodies.

The endocrine system plays a role in regulating mood, growth and development, tissue function, metabolism, and sexual function and reproductive processes. In general, the endocrine system is in charge of body processes that happen slowly, such as cell growth.

Faster processes like breathing and body movement are controlled by the nervous system. But even though the nervous system and endocrine system are separate systems, they often work together to help the body function properly.

The foundations of the endocrine system are the hormones and glands. As the body's chemical messengers, hormones transfer information and instructions from one set of cells to another. Many different hormones move through the bloodstream, but each type of hormone is designed to affect only certain cells.

Which of these glands has the best name? Hypothalamus Pituitary Parathyroid Adrenal Vote View Results

A gland is a group of cells that produces and secretes, or gives off, chemicals. A gland selects and removes materials from the blood, processes them, and secretes the finished chemical product for use somewhere in the body. Some types of glands release their secretions in specific areas.

For instance, exocrine (pronounced: EK-suh-krin) glands, such as the sweat and salivary glands, release secretions in the skin or inside the mouth. Endocrine glands, on the other hand, release more than 20 major hormones directly into the bloodstream where they can be transported to cells in other parts of the body.

The major glands that make up the human endocrine system include the:hypothalamuspituitary glandthyroidparathyroidsadrenal glandspineal bodyreproductive glands (which include the ovaries and testes)pancreas Hypothalamus The hypothalamus (pronounced: hi-po-THAL-uh-mus), a collection of specialized cells that is located in the lower central part of the brain, is the main link between the endocrine and nervous systems. Nerve cells in the hypothalamus control the pituitary gland by producing chemicals that either stimulate or suppress hormone secretions from the pituitary. Pituitary

Although it is no bigger than a pea, the pituitary (pronounced: puh-TOO-uh-ter-ee) gland, located at the base of the brain just beneath the hypothalamus, is considered the most important part of the endocrine system.

It's often called the ""master gland"" because it makes hormones that control several other endocrine glands.

The production and secretion of pituitary hormones can be influenced by factors such as emotions and changes in the seasons. To accomplish this, the hypothalamus provides information sensed by the brain (such as environmental temperature, light exposure patterns, and feelings) to the pituitary.

The tiny pituitary is divided into two parts: the anterior lobe and the posterior lobe. The anterior lobe regulates the activity of the thyroid, adrenals, and reproductive glands. The anterior lobe produces hormones such as:growth hormone, which stimulates the growth of bone and other body tissues and plays a role in the body's handling of nutrients and mineralsprolactin (pronounced: pro-LAK-tin), which activates milk production in women who are breastfeedingthyrotropin (pronounced: thy-ruh-TRO-pin), which stimulates the thyroid gland to produce thyroid hormonescorticotropin (pronounced: kor-tih-ko-TRO-pin), which stimulates the adrenal gland to produce certain hormones The pituitary also secretes endorphins (pronounced: en-DOR-fins), chemicals that act on the nervous system and reduce feelings of pain. In addition, the pituitary secretes hormones that signal the reproductive organs to make sex hormones.

The posterior lobe also produces oxytocin (pronounced: ahk-see-TOE-sin), which triggers the contractions of the uterus in a woman having a baby. Thyroid The thyroid (pronounced: THY-royd), located in the front part of the lower neck, is shaped like a bow tie or butterfly and produces the thyroid hormones thyroxine (pronounced: thy-RAHK-sin) and triiodothyronine (pronounced: try-eye-oh-doe-THY-ruh-neen). These hormones control the rate at which cells burn fuels from food to produce energy. The production and release of thyroid hormones is controlled by thyrotropin (pronounced: thy-ruh-TRO-pin), which is secreted by the pituitary gland. The more thyroid hormone there is in a person's bloodstream, the faster chemical reactions occur in the body. Why are thyroid hormones so important? There are several reasons — for example, they help kids' and teens' bones grow and develop, and they also play a role in the development of the brain and nervous system in kids. Parathyroids Attached to the thyroid are four tiny glands that function together called the parathyroids (pronounced: par-uh-THY-roydz). They release parathyroid hormone, which regulates the level of calcium in the blood with the help of calcitonin (pronounced: kal-suh-TOE-nin), which is produced in the thyroid. Adrenal Glands The body also has two triangular adrenal (pronounced: uh-DREE-nul) glands, one on top of each kidney. The adrenal glands have two parts, each of which produces a set of hormones and has a different function:

The outer part, the adrenal cortex, produces hormones called corticosteroids (pronounced: kor-tih-ko-STER-oydz) that influence or regulate salt and water balance in the body, the body's response to stress, metabolism, the immune system, and sexual development and function.

The inner part, the adrenal medulla (pronounced: muh-DUH-luh), produces catecholamines (pronounced: kah-tuh-KO-luh-meenz), such as epinephrine (pronounced: eh-puh-NEH-frun). Also called adrenaline, epinephrine increases blood pressure and heart rate when the body experiences stress. Pineal The pineal (pronounced: pih-NEE-ul) body, also called the pineal gland, is located in the middle of the brain. It secretes melatonin (pronounced: meh-luh-TOE-nin), a hormone that may help regulate when you sleep at night and when you wake in the morning. Reproductive Glands The gonads are the main source of sex hormones. Most people don't realize it, but both guys and girls have gonads. In guys the male gonads, or testes (pronounced: TES-teez), are located in the scrotum. They secrete hormones called androgens (pronounced: AN-druh-junz), the most important of which is testosterone (pronounced: tess-TOSS-tuh-rone). These hormones tell a guy's body when it's time to make the changes associated with puberty, like penis and height growth, deepening voice, and growth in facial and pubic hair. Working with hormones from the pituitary gland, testosterone also tells a guy's body when it's time to produce sperm in the testes. A girl's gonads, the ovaries (pronounced: OH-vuh-reez), are located in her pelvis. They produce eggs and secrete the female hormones estrogen (pronounced: ESS-truh-jen) and progesterone (pronounced: pro-JESS-tuh-rone). Estrogen is involved when a girl begins to go through puberty. During puberty, a girl will experience breast growth, will begin to accumulate body fat around the hips and thighs, and will have a growth spurt. Estrogen and progesterone are also involved in the regulation of a girl's menstrual cycle.

These hormones also play a role in pregnancy. Although the endocrine glands are the body's main hormone producers, some other organs not in the endocrine system — such as the brain, heart, lungs, kidneys, liver, and skin — also produce and release hormones.

Pancreas The pancreas (pronounced: PAN-kree-us) is also part of the body's hormone-secreting system, even though it is also associated with the digestive system because it produces and secretes digestive enzymes.

The pancreas produces (in addition to others) two important hormones, insulin (pronounced: IN-suh-lin) and glucagon (pronounced: GLOO-kuh-gawn). They work together to maintain a steady level of glucose, or sugar, in the blood and to keep the body supplied with fuel to produce and maintain stores of energy.

What Does the Endocrine System Do? Once a hormone is secreted, it travels from the endocrine gland that produced it through the bloodstream to the cells designed to receive its message. These cells are called target cells. Along the way to the target cells, special proteins bind to some of the hormones.

These proteins act as carriers that control the amount of hormone that is available for the cells to use. The target cells have receptors that latch onto only specific hormones, and each hormone has its own receptor, so that each hormone will communicate only with specific target cells that have receptors for that hormone. When the hormone reaches its target cell, it locks onto the cell's specific receptors and these hormone-receptor combinations transmit chemical instructions to the inner workings of the cell.

When hormone levels reach a certain normal amount, the endocrine system helps the body to keep that level of hormone in the blood. For example, if the thyroid gland has secreted the right amount of thyroid hormones into the blood, the pituitary gland senses the normal levels of thyroid hormone in the bloodstream.

Then the pituitary gland adjusts its release of thyrotropin, the hormone that stimulates the thyroid gland to produce thyroid hormones. Another example of this process is parathyroid hormone, which increases the level of calcium in the blood. When the blood calcium level rises, the parathyroid glands sense the change and reduce their secretion of parathyroid hormone. This turnoff process is called a negative feedback system.

Things That Can Go Wrong Too much or too little of any hormone can be harmful to your body. For example, if the pituitary gland produces too much growth hormone, a teen may grow excessively tall. If it produces too little, a teen may be unusually short. Doctors can often treat problems with the endocrine system by controlling the production of hormones or replacing certain hormones with medication. Endocrine problems that can affect teens include: Adrenal insufficiency. This condition occurs when the adrenal glands don't produce enough corticosteroids. The symptoms of adrenal insufficiency may include weakness, fatigue, abdominal pain, nausea, dehydration, and skin changes. Doctors treat adrenal insufficiency with medications to replace corticosteroid hormones. Type 1 diabetes. When the pancreas fails to produce enough insulin, type 1 diabetes (previously known as juvenile diabetes) occurs. In kids and teens, type 1 diabetes is usually an autoimmune disorder, which means that some parts of the body's immune system attack and destroy the cells of the pancreas that produce insulin. To control their blood sugar levels and reduce the risk of developing diabetes problems, kids and teens with this condition need regular injections of insulin. Type 2 diabetes. Unlike type 1 diabetes, in which the body can't produce normal amounts of insulin, in type 2 diabetes the body can't respond to insulin normally. Kids and teens with the condition tend to be overweight. Some kids and teens can control their blood sugar level with dietary changes, exercise, and oral medications, but many will need to take insulin injections like people with type 1 diabetes. Growth hormone problems. Too much growth hormone in kids and teens who are still growing will make their bones and other body parts grow excessively. This rare condition (sometimes called gigantism) is usually caused by a pituitary tumor and can be treated by removing the tumor. The opposite can happen when a kid or teen has a pituitary glad that doesn't produce enough growth hormone. Doctors may treat these growth problems with medication. Hyperthyroidism. Hyperthyroidism is a condition in which the levels of thyroid hormones in the blood are very high. In kids and teens, the condition is usually caused by Graves' disease, an immune system problem that causes the thyroid gland to become very active. Doctors may treat hyperthyroidism with medications, surgery, or radiation treatments. Hypothyroidism. Hypothyroidism is a condition in which the levels of thyroid hormones in the blood are very low. Thyroid hormone deficiency slows body processes and may lead to fatigue, a slow heart rate, dry skin, weight gain, and constipation. Kids and teens with this condition may also grow more slowly and reach puberty at a later age. Hashimoto's thyroiditis is an immune system problem that often causes problems with the thyroid and blocks the production of thyroid hormone. Doctors often treat this problem with medication. Precocious puberty. If the pituitary glands release hormones that stimulate the gonads to produce sex hormones too early, some kids may begin to go through puberty at a very young age. This condition is called precocious puberty. Kids and teens who are affected by precocious puberty can be treated with medication that will help them develop at a normal rate. Reviewed by: Steven Dowshen, MDDate reviewed: July 2015 "


dynamic link library meaning

Dynamic-Link Libraries A dynamic-link library (DLL) is a module that contains functions and data that can be used by another module (application or DLL). A DLL can define two kinds of functions: exported and internal. The exported functions are intended to be called by other modules, as well as from within the DLL where they are defined.

Dynamic-Link Libraries

Internal functions are typically intended to be called only from within the DLL where they are defined. Although a DLL can export data, its data is generally used only by its functions. However, there is nothing to prevent another module from reading or writing that address. DLLs provide a way to modularize applications so that their functionality can be updated and reused more easily. DLLs also help reduce memory overhead when several applications use the same functionality at the same time, because although each application receives its own copy of the DLL data, the applications share the DLL code. The Windows application programming interface (API) is implemented as a set of DLLs, so any process that uses the Windows API uses dynamic linking. About Dynamic-Link Libraries Using Dynamic-Link Libraries Dynamic-Link Library Reference Note If you are a user experiencing difficulty with a DLL on your computer, you should contact customer support for the software vendor that publishes the DLL. If you feel you are in need of support for a Microsoft product (including Windows), please go to our technical support site at support.microsoft.com. Related topics DLLs (Visual C++)


what are the names of timmy turner's parents

: The names of Timmy's parents are Mr. And Mrs. Tunner. Though out all the episodes the never reveal the parents name but always refers to them as Mr. And Mrs. Tunner. And in many episodes showing Vicky she also calls them Mr. and Mrs. Tunner .

What is Timmy's mom and dad name?

"answer this question The Fairly Odd Parents Question What is Timmy's mom and dad name?in all episodes they call them Timmy's mom or dad but what are there real name?in the fairly oddparents wiki it says tina and tom or something like that but its unbeileveable. also, in poltergeeks, mrsturner is called Barnaby Fairy8346 posted over a year ago Todd & Tina TODD=Who's Your Daddy TINA=Sooper Poof EO2040698 posted over a year agonala11red posted over a year agonext question »Trending Articles Trending Articles from Fanpop Click to view the article in a new tab‹°œ Yindex.htmlí]sÛ6òý~ÌN\2¦h9N:=ÉtÆµ•FWËv%9}Èd<Iˆ)‚GB¶UG ý$RöåÜ›¹—ëtbiØ]ì7:Ú‰Ø”¯S‚| íHýAèh Ap$>ÀGNy LŽûƒôq<8w´¯ ¹$£ég9á¡³â³ÖÏÚ×ÈV‘eÊ×h‚s‚8ž£„ˆDˆ3„ã˜Ý£ŒÄ˜Ó;‚Ò¯I†VYœì„ }€•«Ñ$§AÍ2J’ (^#:Ëð’ VK3’ä™…Ž£A9_B¾Fò/BKœÍiÒAíô¡«A)Ž""šÌ ØFþûÃÓä”%þ€\…”å”S4 ÉB÷4â‹:h·_ ¡ó7ašöè’„ûè=ÇOr¯xÉƒ³Ô>&3n^ D/&KøSr×$~zk-hþdÙÉf`ÃZÐ (""‰E\˜ó—ç,©)¿%Îp`*œNqÜÂ1Ã™_;Íá»-¢ü´Õ†dgkåôOÒAoÞT§,f YÝ/¨¡SòÀÞSPÉ,L¾À‘8c¤h¡l>ÁnÛGú àÍ;¯Ø1ÁÓÛyÆVIÔA?¼™’w¥D–E$3DT€Ö„’–IŒM#Øøæ°}8+e^e¹:eÔ®u O&·”Ãþ‡RFÂAÒ– V#ó}ë6â@ûeí«l >NX´ÖÑ;D£Ð±E‡ŸÖn V""uáÌL¤öAåÙÒ„.q,Ó·Â+pp&cû¾Ü_2ÚN ®F\9ÇÆó£HOGå¤b Oå³Îñ|>ÚWÈã*ÑäÓŒ¦‰”:Â?ö¿â;¬ Zúý}>nƒ9có˜à”æÁ”-÷¿æû«‹%‡Á×\ˆ¦6ýcgi.çr§; [%S‘%P9q@òÏ‰KüÜÇÞ#ÏÖŽX˜Ì0ÔØå»»nþcty¤""_»¹çm¦˜Onâ=nîiÎ!P`‰r/ˆ>&l;Ä0ïä¾ öÇ|•w |¬„åõ!g$_Œé’°ïàï¼v¼M)kÌæ.ñM‘€9þãR}í¿sàÒ@`÷î€þ9ÍÁOHæ:zã4½Jâ [Fø*K0ãùÜþpv¦$;…""áz {$Èc:%.0¡3¾±U6%;¡â¸»K8'Ä™½Ç;œ! ®8s !UƒÀ¦hÎ8Òr¡=¼çüˆ\`°ŒBÊÛs<Çë RI˜»Øë_ÅísòÅ¶*¿¹ŠUa-TÖ^–±-0”?0ªäZh L0ÒŸ¥tÜóáTRÑî®Ô·úâù–Öq$I‚æ§,""·oü‚ßxƒ§É£Nqò#‡ZœDå¥P¯œ=8¤Ú¬ÄÀÙ½4`WK‡ufŒ3á…x2‹ã~ÂÙ'JîÃÒ†5—¸ÇY""|·r Gí<á\4Ð€a´R””–H5‰Ê”ÑH*Êb®øß8ºLc2’áEgk:9°)þöÍÅáç;lò•À–2ôˆÂ¿õ´orÆZ!©£ÝâqÓ=ºÒØžaƒôÍÎ/ï“«Œûò5XVùÉgþ¥ÛdÐ÷,lÈ`ïx§8ƒ½+œç'ÙF ‹dÊÈKr‰§xÞÆJCgd²š_Aß+¥ØFÙaŽ¼IƒðO,>]é-xÃŒf¹øþ‰2Ñe±$LVqìO!Ÿf}QïpìÞAo´$r Kóü-@¹×äõÏÉùI”»Úk^½ze@)ÆYœŸÛµì%‘@C`ÍÁo°ã:§—ú¿²kÙsœ= P-„J ÁÑÏUJ a Bî‘ª”…È£. Q¯³847Bx CMœD£˜ñ?¿Ðd^ [ðQò-i`IÂ’óG¦¶f¥ýCGù¹¬k¡ [b˜GP¾‰Æ¨êµ<äÜCj¯‚ž«W) {ÏéÄ æœ*7®¾€Ã²Ô5ÑA’elm¥ox~Í *Éi~î *,;Ã®¬¡ žs@y»»4 }'ÖÁ§‚Þ•¼Ú|’ŽéÊLßÒT²‚òÌ/áÎAWäÞÇ""°,± Ùl=""1„<ËNbp KÙ/â°ÝÅG`t’Ìù¢‹÷öTžH Oà/¢Ü´Â0Lh PÈääáræZmÈŸ*tŽ¡á-È+’”0š¯Ñ— {!ä½| [ï`µ Ÿ (Oôº°Âùa<ƒ (…ì·!› (lÛ€Üdà5ÓÃæÂ [ï]Oênˆnj5Ö‡ïÚmŒ-tÝ–‹nÊdüœúñ*¢•úùõsþ ëÖÐª`‚¿PMŠªm5#X†¤CmºàGÐ±²ÐX '› Žç^FçC8ßü~ Ôúç=ßÎc/#9èŸ]]ö/Æ~™Æ^Fgü±?<3D³rÙK-<¸:ï {¾‘È^Hé¼ú›_ÔŽ—Ñè®ÀÕFýËßÊ€/ôˆßúWWÊ#þÚÑdˆI:*e¾ŒŠ ""IF§S¯j!§8–ƒDƒ°¸½:jp×Lz’^c•óˆ™óäk âÛãCh1˜@s\\'çE‡¯ÇG¶³¦ª1”’îl¹fŽÑèŠÙZóÍÞœ%}!Q^¿~A [Â„*Ñ&ë¹bÝ˜ÇAO¬´_ºÍšPÝ9Eï¨n…¿¬û‘ [.ñ|s [À""€°X%¾^b*ÊQr Yo RL#¡}ÓúK<Šn GÅ²r MÐ¿õN¯‡=Ï/çóg4ï&åk KsœU_á>y<óÑÆ>›ˆ€:i=Šcú§è«Kô (jËXM!Ü&¥æn!Zq~×û+ŠªH>¸¹ÕOXU|t38¹8ùµ7¼©*—µZÜ¿›Ñs]‚q G’4.«_Xy´?3¯Çâúú]ÆíbŸ ²ãù†¾ÇQ/ûÀÅë›IŽ. )'”ß‘O¯-°ºÈ‘ï×/n|OÜÅâ©é¾9D•ðÅ–Á©)—PüI¤fŒVïî H-òËÜmÍ£I0MÅã•œïî¹wš†ã›óãP¯…j^‰c Tñõ8ã$ËðÚ|ÌïhÆ}B;Ø³´•±I¥úÏ_ºDÇHø®É´0Š_L8Õ Ã?ûÄx‡øù½…e„³©ÑÜq» [<¨A\ÐÜùºI®ò…ésÅI&~â¢j Ú~Æ¦!t FýCe‰’Åâ—;+ùý'¤5––âêúÇàÖRÎ!#qô,lw³jÌ›ííyäsö%¹<%R‘ ã,õzö›ï© UÙc RƒÏVËT¢ÎTñr=@‚œ21òáÖ0÷hÁî·:µÔ¯áØj!”ðm•²Yo²ÞªMµŠ»pºÅ€F :¿}kƒËhï_ÒäSí’€<¤àÁ”@Y1IØV~ÆÃæ‹`‰\ì'^·ºŒ…\Å£®Powered By The Fairly Odd Parents Answerssleep101 said:bob and aliceposted over a year ago Ego Mouse said: THEIR names is Mrs. Turner and Mr. Turner ;) They don't really have names. Even in ""The Secret Origin of Denzel Crocker"" they were called ""Mom"" and ""Dad"" (nicknames) and in the scripts: linkposted over a year ago South Park Smart said: It's a running gag that we don't know their names, and probably never will. I like to imagine that their names are Daran and Susanne.posted over a year ago Kayla Foxeh said: Edgar and Clemence Turner..posted over a year agoflower_pwer said:no they don't have names they just call them mom and dadposted over a year ago Rollie Mc Fly27 said: On the episode where Timmy was to be shiped off to Cocker's melitery His parents signed the slip ""TIMMY'S MOM"" ""TIMYS DAD""posted over a year agocartoongirl13 said:their names are unknown. but people just call them mom and dad or mr. and msr. turner. nickelodeon must not want people knowing their names.posted over a year agoradpad900 said:in the episode called ""Poltergeeks"" his mom is Barnaby (weird...) and his dad is Mom (even more weird & stupid than barnaby... : P) that's the only thing I got because whenever they do his parents names, it gets covered up : P.posted over a year agoshantelle1 said: Todd and Tina Turnerposted over a year agolaura199627 said: I think it´s... Dad: Edgar and Mom: Clemenceposted over a year agoifbrd said: Not knowing the Turner parents' names is just a running joke in the show. Sometimes I think the writters are just too lazy to think up names (I mean that in the nicest, most jokingly way :p) However they must be short considering the names can be said in the half second its takes for a loud truck to pass by. Many beleive the names start with T because of the whole alliteration thing Timmy has with his name. Not a bad theory. As far as the whole Barnaby thing goes, Somewhere I read that that was NOT meant to be Mrs. Turner's first name, HOWEVER I don't know how credible this sourse was. I myself like to beleive this is her name and that it may have something to do with both her parents being from Ustinkestan (forgive spelling) But I am likely to be wrong. Fact is, no one really knows and it's very likely we never will. Maybe if we're lucky, and ask the creator enough (ask nicely, and don't bug him too much;) ) he may put it in an episode or make a twitter post or something. Until then, I think it's really just up to the audiences' imagination :)posted over a year agoshireman2008 said:timmys mom is Vladislapov his das is patrickposted over a year ago Wrong EO2040698 posted over a year ago Allies57 said: Timmy's Dad use to be called Mom, and Timmy's Mom used to be called Barnaby till they got chased out of the other side of Dimmsdale .posted over a year agofranktb20051 said: MOM AND BARNABEposted over a year agotiffanyjustice said

And lastly that many times in the episodes you see the Tunner's call themselves Dad or Mom because they themselves don't know there own name .posted over a year agojakayla1234 said: Rick and Morty I think thts Timmy turner dad and mom real nameposted over a year ago Timmy Turner11 said: Dan and merryposted over a year ago24Goth Girl said: Tim and Tina Turnerposted over a year ago Kandrakar Winx said: I have a friend who works at Nickelodeon Animation Studios and she revealed to me that Timmy Turner's parents were never named in the show, but that the animators of the show had given them the following names; Edgar Todd Turner and Clemence Barnaby- Turner. Barnaby is Clemence's maiden name. According to my friend.posted over a year agonext question » "


can plywood be painted

Most plywood can be satisfactorily painted. As with any other wood surface, though, poor results are achieved with poor preparation and poor materials. Raw (and clean/dry!) wood should first be primed with a good exterior primer (I prefer alkyd), then painted within a few days with a good satin or semi-gloss exterior paint (latex or acrylic).

"Can exterior grade plywood be painted an (post #86567)Big Mish on Wed, 05/20/2009 - 17:21 in General Discussion I have a porch and some of the siding is plywood. Iâ€™d just a soon keep it but the paint on it looks awful like painted plywood always seems to. Is there some paint/primer combination I can use to keep the plywood or should I just give in and side it with wood? Thanks, Mischa Reply Print this page Email this Message- A + A (post #86567, reply #1 of 3)by Danno in reply to Big Mish [original] on Wed, 05/20/2009 - 19:47There is a plywood called MDO (medium density overlay) that is made to be painted (has a phenolic resin-impregnated paper surface) for future reference, but since you have what you have, I can't give you any real good advice. I would think you need something to hide the grain and that would make the hard and soft grain not absorb paint differently. I think pimented shellac as a base coat would help a lot--a couple coats of that and then a good top coat (or two). I was also thinking that something thick like varnish to hide grain, but I think that enamel is basically varnish with pigment added, so you might try an enamel over an undercoat that is made especially as a primer for enamel. (Called, surprisingly, ""enamel undercoat."") I'm sure there'll be more and better advice coming!Reply Reply to Original Print this page Email this Message Permalink (post #86567, reply #2 of 3)by Dan H in reply to Big Mish [original] on Wed, 05/20/2009 - 19:56

Even with good preparation and materials, though, poor results may occur if the plywood is not exterior (or at the very least ""exposure"" 1 or 2) plywood), or if there is moisture ""driving"" from the inside. Also, difficulties will arise if the surface has already been painted without primer -- scrape off what you can, prime, paint, then do it again in a year or two when more flakes off, until the entire surface has been primed. Of all the preposterous assumptions of humanity over humanity, nothing exceeds most of the criticisms made on the habits of the poor by the well-housed, well-warmed, and well-fed. --Herman Melville Reply Reply to Original Print this page Email this Message Permalink (post #86567, reply #3 of 3)by Dinosaur in reply to Big Mish [original] on Wed, 05/20/2009 - 20:10Strip, sand, and then prime with alkyd primer and an alkyd colour coat. I'd use high-gloss, but that's up to you. An alkyd high-gloss paint tends to 'film-sheet' very well if applied at the right temperature, and that will help hide the plywood grain you object to. Dinosaur How now, Mighty Sauron, that thou art not brought low by this? For thine evil pales before that which foolish men call Justice.... Reply Reply to Original Print this page Email this Message Permalink "


who was susan calvin in i robot

In I, Robot, by Isaac Asimov, Dr. Susan Calvin, the main character, reveals much about herself to the reader, and makes the book what it is. Many times during the novel, Dr. Calvin displays amazing intelligence in tough situations. When analyzing the mind reading robot named Herbie, Dr. Susan Calvin displays great amounts of intelligence.

An Analysis of âDr. Susan Calvinâ in âI, Robotâ, by Isaac Asimov Essay Sample

A hero is defined as a person noted for special achievements in a field. Dr. Susan Calvin, the main character of the novel I, Robot, is made the hero because of her special achievements in the field of robotics. Dr. Calvin is a robopsychologist who uses many different methods of problems solving to solve the problems that other scientists and mathematicians were incapable of doing. Through these many adventures in the field of robotics, Dr. Susan Calvin displays her many character traits to the reader. Dr. Calvin has an excellent combination of many different attributes.

Since Herbie is a mind-reader, Dr. Calvin knows that in order to understand what happens in his synthetic brain, she must analyze it vigorously, and by her intelligence she figures out that in order to stop him from hurting others by what he says to them, she has to out-smart the robot, which is not easy. Since one of the Three Laws of Robotics are that a robot must not hurt a human, she figures out Herbie’s weakness and says to him, “‘You can’t tell them,’ droned the psychologist slowly, ‘because that would hurt and you mustn’t hurt,'” confuses Herbie to the point that he shorts out and “dies,” in a sense (Asimov 133). During her many adventures in the workplace, Dr. Calvin displays her intelligence in assorted situations. In Beacham’s Encyclopedia on Popular Fiction, it states that, “Most of the robot tales are exercises in problem solving,” in which the problems are solved by Dr. Calvin showing that overall she has great intelligence, no matter what situation, and that she can handle it no matter how hard the problem is (Beacham 2064). Many times in the novel, Dr. Calvin shows her intelligence by reminding her colleagues that robots are infallible, and when problems come up that a robot has not been producing the correct information, Dr. Calvin no sooner proves that it is human error and is not the faults of the robots. Not only does Dr. Calvin show intelligence in the workplace, but she also shows the immense amount of common sense she possesses. At one point during the novel in a situation regarding whether Stephen Byerley, a political figure, is a humanoid robot or not, she states to one of her colleagues, “So far you are presenting circumstantial evidence, with which you can accuse but not prove,” which shows that she knows certain circumstances do not always give the exact answer to a question (Asimov 220). Also when trying to discover the truth about Mr. Stephen Byerley, Calvin says, “‘People say ‘It’s as plain as the nose on your face.’ But how much of the nose on your face can you see, unless someone holds a mirror up to you,'” which shows that she knows some things may look obvious, but in order to understand it exactly, one must analyze it and study it, in order to make sure that there are not any underlying factors in the situation (Asimov 244). At one time Dr. Calvin shows her love for another person, which is very rare. Dr. Susan Calvin changes her lifestyle somewhat in order to get the one she loves to notice her. Dr. Calvin discovers her intense love for another person, a colleague named Milton Ashe, in a conversation with the mind-reading robot named Herbie and in order to get Ashe to notice her, she starts to wear lipstick. Dr. Calvin is able to get into a friendly relationship with Milton Ashe, and, “Her eyes fixed themselves upon Ashe in an oddly intent manner,” which displays her love for Ashe in that there usually is nothing else besides robotics that could make her as happy as she was at that moment (Asimov 113-114). Dr. Calvin’s personalitychanges so much due to her love for Milton Ashe that it is able to be seen by other colleagues. Dr. Lanning, a colleague, asks Dr. Bogert, “‘Say, Bogie [Dr. Bogert], have you been noticing anything queer about the lady lately,” which shows that even other people are starting to notice a change in her, even though they never figure out that she has feelings for Milton Ashe (Asimov 120). Dr. Bogert says to Dr. Lanning, in response, “‘She’s using lipstick, if that’s what you mean,” which shows that Dr. Bogert has been noticing that she’s been wearing makeup, which Dr. Calvin is using in order to gain the attention of Ashe. Dr. Calvin becomes embarrassed about her love when talking to Herbie. She figures that since Herbie can read minds, he must know that she loves Milton Ashe, and starts to feel embarrassed about it. When Herbie answers her that he does know about it, Dr. Calvin starts to redden, which shows that she has feelings for another person, because the normal individual does show that he or she is embarrassed when somebody knows that he or she is in love. Dr. Calvin does not show an interest in anything other than robotics, in her entire life. Her interest for robotics started when she was a teenager. Dr. Calvin, “…appears in ‘Robbie’ as a teenager working on her first paper on robotics for school,” which shows that she obviously had an interest in robotics from a young age and continuing into her adult years (Beacham 2063). She would sit and study robots for school until, “ [she]…had enough for her Physics-1 paper on ‘Practical Aspects of Robotics’,” which was her first of many papers on this subject, which also displays a lasting interest in the field (Asimov 22). Susan Calvin’s interest in robots was never lost, even when she was working with them in her adult years. A colleague said that, “Susan Calvin talked about [Gregory] Powell and [Michael] Donovan with unsmiling amusement, but warmth came into her voice when she mentioned robots,” which makes it obvious to her colleague that only robots are interesting to her and keeps her happy (Asimov 109). Her entire life was surrounded by the history of robotics, which makes it clear she never did lose interest in the field, and that even in the later years of her life, she still loved working on the subject. During her conversations with Herbie, the mind-reading robot, Dr. Calvin shows her lack of self-esteem. An often time she explains to Herbie that she looks very old, a lot older than she is. She explains her age by saying, “‘Thirty eight as you count the years; a shriveled sixty as far as my emotional outlook on life is concerned,'” which probably means that she is so cold and unemotional that she is old and shriveled, even thought she is actually young (Asimov 117). Calvin continues to tell Herbie that she looks old, and because of that, nobody would ever want to get into a long-term relationship with her. Not only does Susan Calvin see herself as older than she really is, she thinks she is also very unattractive. She tells Herbie, “I am not what you would call–attractive,” which she means that in a sense, she views herself as an ugly woman and one that nobody would want as a partner (Asimov 117). Calvin continuously tells Herbie that there is no way Milton Ashe might love her as much as she loves him because of her physical characteristics, and almost convinces herself that that is the truth. Although they are not mentioned very often, Dr. Calvin and others describe her physical and mental characteristics. She has a few mental character traits that are displayed in the novel. Calvin is described as being, “…unemotional, and a brilliant robopsychologist” which means that rarely does anybody ever see a change in her emotionally, and that she is also very smart (Beacham 2063). Her, “…dryness and cold intelligence,” explains that although she is very smart, she has absolutely no emotions that are shown throughout the novel (Beacham 2063). Dr. Susan Calvin also has very few physical characteristics, but she is the one who describes herself to the reader. During her many talks with Herbie, she mentions her age, which is thirty eight, which shows that she is a fairly young woman in that part of the novel. Also during her conversations with Herbie, the mind-reading robot, Calvin mentions that she thinks of herself as unattractive and is also described as being unattractive; “Susan Calvin, an unattractive…robopsychologist,” (Beacham 2063). In I, Robot, by Isaac Asimov, Dr. Susan Calvin, the main character, reveals much about herself to the reader, and makes the book what it is. Although she may not be beautiful, friendly, or likeable, Dr. Susan Calvin’s immense amount of knowledge easily covers up her undesirable attributes. Calvin shows that her intelligence and common sense can out-work a mathematician’s calculator or a scientist’s experiments. Her conversations with Herbie show a different side of her, but in the end, they probably have made her a stronger human being. From a young age, she develops a strong interest for robots and the field of robotics; such an interest that she only warms up as a person while working in the field and talking about it. Although Dr. Susan Calvin does not lead an army to victory, or die for her country, she definitely makes herself the hero of this book purely by using her knowledge. In few cases does this occur, in which a woman, especially, just using her intelligence and common sense, is able to outsmart her fellow male colleagues and even the most elaborate thinkers in the universe, the robots. Without Dr. Susan Calvin’s great knowledge, common sense, concentration, strong interest, as well as the many situations that she has overcome that has made her a better person, the novel I, Robot would not have been as great a book. Works Cited Asimov, Isaac. I, Robot. Bantam Doubleday. New York; 1991. Beacham, Walton. Beacham’s Encyclopedia on Popular Fiction. Beacham Publishing Corp., Osprey FL; 1996. Sorry, but A and B essays are only available for premium users Choose a Membership Plan


can you spray roundup after it rains

Getting rid of weeds in your yard and flowerbed sometimes seems like a full-time job, but herbicides such as Roundup can make it easier and faster. When the weather isn't cooperating with your days off, you might be tempted to spray the weeds as soon as the rain stops.

Can I Spray Roundup After Rain?

Related Articles Can I Use Roundup on Wet Weeds? When to Put Weed Killer on a Lawn How Long Does It Take for Roundup to Work? Does Roundup Work on Wet Leaves?

However, waiting until the foliage is dry is a better idea. How Roundup Works Roundup uses the active ingredient glyphosate, which is a non-selective systemic herbicide. This means it can kill almost any type of vegetation by soaking in through the foliage. The plant's vascular system carries the herbicide to all areas of the plant, including the roots, killing it quickly -- with weeds, sometimes within 24 hours. Glyphosate won't soak into the roots through the soil; it must contact the leaves to be effective. Running Off Roundup works best when sprayed on dry foliage. When it lands on wet foliage, it combines with the water droplets and follows them as they run off the leaves. Instead of sticking to the leaves and soaking in, much of the herbicide ends up landing on the soil with the water, where it's ineffective. Some herbicide is likely to stick to the foliage and soak it, but it might not be enough to kill the plant. Diluted Situation Ready-to-use Roundup solution, which is the most common option for homeowners, has a diluted mixture that is only 2 percent glyphosate. That amount is effective at killing weeds and unwanted plants, but when you dilute it further, it can lose potency. Spraying Roundup on wet leaves mixes the glyphosate and water, reducing the strength of the herbicide that soaks into the foliage. Safe Rainy-Day Application When you think rain is imminent, it's better to spray before the rain than after, if you're in a time crunch. Roundup needs only 30 minutes to soak into the leaves before the rain hits; after 30 minutes, it won't wash away in the rain. However, after rainfall, it could take hours for the foliage to dry completely, especially if the weather remains humid. If you decide to spray before the rain hits, do so only if winds aren't preceding the storm. Treating your weeds in the wind can lead to herbicide drift, carrying the droplets to plants you don't mean to spray. References (4)North Carolina State University Horticulture Information: Post-Emergence, Non-Selective Herbicides for Landscapes and Nurseries Scotts: Roundup Brands Frequently Asked Questions Scotts: Roundup Ready-to-Use Weed and Grass Killer III in the Pump 'N Go Sprayer Federal Highway Administration: Using Roundup to Treat Trail Surface Vegetation Photo Credits Hemera Technologies/Able Stock.com/Getty Images Cite this Article


age not to take off shoes at airline security

It’s a victory for old soles. Travelers over the age of 75 can keep their shoes on while passing through airport security, the Transportation Security Administration ruled. The new regulations, which go into effect on Monday, also will “reduce” pat-downs of senior citizens. The changes are being rolled out at Chicago’s O’Hare, Denver, Orlando and Portland, Ore., airports.

TSA rules that travelers older than 75 can keep their shoes on when passing through airport security BY Lindsay Goldwert NEW YORK DAILY NEWS Wednesday, March 14, 2012, 6:50 PMfacebook Tweet email Cowboy at an airport security check shows a customs official his empty hat. Soon, he’ll get to keep his boots on. (Digital Vision/Getty Images)

“These changes will allow officers to better focus their efforts on passengers who may be more likely to pose a risk to transportation, while expediting the screening process,” says Joseph Terrell, TSA’s security director in Orlando. Lenore Zimmerman, an 85-year-old Long Island woman told the Daily News Friday that in late November, security screeners took her into a private room and took off all her clothes after she requested a pat-down instead of going through a screening device. She said she’d been concerned the advanced image technology screening equipment would interfere with her defibrillator.“I walk with a walker — I really look like a terrorist,” she said sarcastically. “I’m tiny. I weigh 110 pounds, 107 without clothes, and I was strip-searched.”That same month, another elderly woman was outraged when she was told she had to remove her underwear to confirm she had a colostomy bag. In January, Assistant Homeland Security Secretary Betsy Markey admitted the TSA had messed up.“It is not standard operating procedure for colostomy devices to be visually inspected, and [the Transportation Security Administration\] apologizes for this employee’s action,” Markey wrote in a statement.lgoldwertnydailynews.com Sign up for BREAKING NEWS Emailsprivacy policy Send a Letter to the Editor Join the Conversation: facebook Tweet

ly. If you're under the age of 13, you generally will not have to remove your shoes during the security screening. You may also get multiple passes through the metal detector or advanced technology, and you are likely to have your hands swabbed.

"Reader Approved How to Go Through Airport Security Smoothly As a result of the 9/11 terrorist attacks, airport security has heightened drastically. It leaves most travelers dreading the once enjoyable airport experience. Long lines, intrusive officers, and grumpy flyers make the Airport Security Checkpoint a less than desirable aspect of air travel. By following these steps, you will ""soar"" through this portion of your journey with ease. Steps1 Pack light and follow any rules your airport has on sizes, quantity, and restrictions. First, pack only what you need to survive; second, what you need to do first; and third, what you need to do last. If you question anything you're packing, then don't pack it. You'd be better safe than sorry. Remember that you can most likely buy it from where you're going. If not, and you don't need it to survive, then don't worry about it.2 Be prepared. Before you get to the airport, take the necessary precautions to make your experience as simple as possible. Wear practical shoes. Slip-on shoes will be easier to remove quickly. Of course, make sure they are comfortable enough for standing in long security lines. If you're under 13, you can wear any types of shoes, as long they don't set off the metal detector. Also if your 75 or in precheck you don't have to remove shoes either. Avoid metallic clothing or accessories, as you will have to remove these before going through a metal detector. The same applies to metal items in your pockets. Package liquids and gels appropriately. All liquids in your carry-on bag must be in bottles of three ounces or less, and all these bottles must then be placed in a clear, quart-size, zip-style plastic bag. There are a few exceptions to this rule, including milk for infants and liquid medications, but be sure to check before you pack anything. If your in precheck you can keep your 311 in your carry on. Pack your belongings in an organized way, so that if there is a problem, they can open your bag, check things out, and move on. Avoid contraband. Check beforehand to make sure that anything you will bring along, whether in your checked luggage or your carry-on, is allowed on the plane. Otherwise, you may be forced to throw these items away or even face questioning and/or prosecution.3 Have your boarding pass and Photo ID (driver's license or passport) in your hand prior to getting in the security line. The line, although long at times, can move quickly, and seasoned travelers can get irritated with anyone that holds up the line digging for the necessary papers.4 Pay close attention to directions while you wait in line. It pays to see what other passengers forget.5 Put your boarding pass and ID away as soon as they've been checked. Keep your boarding pass in your pocket, as it will be screened again, but put your ID back into your bag to keep it secure.6 Remove the necessary items from your carry-on as soon as you get to the belt. Place these items, along with your carry-on, directly on the belt or in the provided bins. Most airports require that you remove any plastic bags full of liquids and any laptops from your carry-on bag, but be sure to follow instructions. If you have completed a ""TSA PRE CHECK"", then don't remove your 311s from your bag or your laptop from its case.7 Make removing your shoes easy. The TSA requires passengers to remove their shoes when passing through the metal detector. There is not much room to squat down. People will try to pass around you, and benches are inconveniently far from your bags. Wear shoes that you can slip off without bending down or undo your laces before getting in line and tuck them into your shoe. This way, you will be able to slip them off easily to be placed on the X-ray belt. If you're under 13, keep your shoes on while walking through the metal detector, unless they have metal on them. Also, if you're over 75, you can your shoes on. Keep your shoes on if you have completed a TSA PRE CHECK.8 Remove all necessary clothing and accessories from your body. Take off any metal objects, as well as jackets and hats, depending on the airport. If you're under 13, over 75, or in TSA PRE CHECK, leave your jackets on unless if they have metal. Kids under 13 can leave their hats on.9 Stay calm before your flight. Don't think about work, bills, or anything that could stress you out. Think about the adventure you're about to have or just had, and how long you're going to remember it for.10 Don't be afraid of the security guards. Be polite and respectful, and do as you're told. Remember, if you don't have anything illegal on you, you're good. The security guards are there for your safety, not to scare you. If you don't have TSA PRE CHECK or anything that is ""faster"" than a regular line, you will have to take your shoes off and wait a little longer. This is nothing to stress about; it just adds to the safety of your flight.11 Step through the metal detector when an employee of the airport waves you through. If you are selected for additional screening, comply immediately and politely. Tell security if you have any piercings or surgical implants, or any metal in or on your body that you can't remove. Remember to take off all jewelry that is metallic and lay it in the component bins that will be traveling into the X-ray machine.12 Try not to be noticeably stressed out. This makes you look suspicious like you have something to hide. In your head, tell yourself ""I have nothing to hide"" repeatedly.13 Tell the security guards that security checks make you nervous. It's okay to be nervous for a serious TSA check. They will most likely try to help you in any way you need or reassure you. They are people too, and you aren't the first person to be stressed by security.14 Collect your belongings and put them away. Making sure you have everything you need. Leave the security area quickly, making way for other passengers. You're helping people by reading wiki Howwiki How's mission is to help people learn, and we really hope this article helped you. Now you are helping others, just by visiting wiki How. Water.org is an international nonprofit organization that has positively transformed millions of lives around the world through access to safe water and sanitation. Founded by Gary White and Matt Damon, Water.org pioneers innovative, market-driven solutions to the global water crisis — breaking down barriers to give families hope, health and the opportunity to break the cycle of poverty. Click below to let us know you read this article, and wiki How will donate to Water.org on your behalf. Thanks for helping us achieve our mission of helping people learn how to do anything. Yes, I read the article Community Q&AWhere do you put your i Pad?wiki How Contributor Most likely, airport security will ask you to put your i Pad and other electronic devices (laptops etc.) into the tray, though this varies by airport. Some will allow them to stay in your bag. Not Helpful 9 Helpful 59Does airport security now accept boarding passes on electronic devices? If so, how does one get the boarding pass to appear on their cell phone?wiki How Contributor Most Airport have boarding pass scanners. If you want to get your electronic boarding pass you need to have the respected carrier's app on your phone. Not Helpful 1 Helpful 11Do medications need to be in original bottles when going through security? Can they be in a medication planner?wiki How Contributor Anything with a prescription needs to travel in the bottle with the appropriate label on it. Things like Benadryl or Tylenol don't have to be in their proper containers, but it's better if they are. Not Helpful 9 Helpful 36What should I do if I have a pace maker?wiki How Contributor You can request to have a pat down to avoid an x-ray, because x-rays can affect the programming of the pace maker. You could survive it, but I wouldn't suggest it. Not Helpful 8 Helpful 33What if I am a child and I don't have a passport or ID?wiki How Contributor If you are flying internationally, you must have a passport. If it is a domestic flight (within your own country) you generally will not need ID. Not Helpful 4 Helpful 19Will I need to remove my earrings?wiki How Contributor Yes. Remove all jewelry. If you don't, the alarm will sound and you will hold everyone up behind you and/or TSA will single you out for additional security checks. Not Helpful 0 Helpful 5Can I wear partial dentures through TSA or must I remove them?wiki How Contributor You could call the airline to make sure or tell security when you arrive to make sure they know what to do. It will most likely depend on if there are metal brackets on your partial or not. Not Helpful 1 Helpful 8Can I take a loose coin collection in my carry-on bag?wiki How Contributor Yes, but be prepared to be checked. Large amounts of loose coins cause a problem, if you have some, put them in a plastic bag and run them separately. It will speed up the screening process. Not Helpful 1 Helpful 8Can I wear my medic alert necklace through security?wiki How Contributor Only if it is visible. It will be easier for all involved, however, if it goes into the basket for those few moments. If you ask the guards, they will make sure it goes through and is returned to you immediately after you pass through the detector. Not Helpful 6 Helpful 20How do I get a card that tells airport security that I have a pacemaker?wiki How Contributor You should talk with your cardiologist. He or she should be able to guide you in the right direction. Not Helpful 7 Helpful 21Show more answers Unanswered Questions Do you need any paperwork to show if you have a hip replacement when going through airport security Answer this question Flag as... I have an air cast boot on my foot. Will I need to remove it? Answer this question Flag as... Ask a Question Submit Tips While waiting in line, take this time to prepare for getting through the security metal detector/x-ray conveyor belt. Remove any laptops from bags, remove your footwear, etc. When you get to the ""buckets"", all you need to do is drop your items and slide them onto the conveyor belt. If you are traveling with another person, have them assist you with holding things and vice versa. Remaining calm and avoiding suspicious or anxious behavior will go a long way, especially if you are pulled aside for additional searches. If you are asked to step aside for additional search be courteous and respectful. The security people are only doing their job. Try not to have a lot of change in your pockets. You will have to drop all of it into the bins. Picking up a bunch of change, coupled with putting on shoes and rounding up your possessions, can be tedious. Place small items such as loose change, watch, mobile phone or keys into your coat pocket or carry on luggage while in line. You can sort out your items at your leisure in the departure lounge. Put all your loose change in a purse or wallet. Put all the things that are likely to cause you to get searched at the top of your bag so you can take them out quickly and easi

If you are part of the TSA approved traveler program, then you can keep your shoes on along your belt and your jacket. You also keep your 3-1-1's in your bag and your laptop in its case. You also take kids under 13 with you through the pre-check. Visit http://www.tsa.gov for rules and regulations regarding security checkpoints so you can be prepared ahead of time. Warnings Don't make any jokes, especially those that relate to bombs or terrorists, when going through security. Airlines are required to take possible threats seriously, and you could get into huge trouble. Keep your boarding pass and passport handy. Do not put them in the checked in luggage, as this will cause a lot of problems. Listen to any security screener instructions and do as they say. Remember that all this security is to help keep you safe. Be prepared for searches on certain kinds of connecting flights, such as if you are flying standby and must get off, claim baggage and check in at a gate to get onto the next leg of your trip!Edit Related wiki Hows How to Travel With a Pacemaker How to Get an Upgrade to First Class How to Fly First Class or Business Class for Less How to Pick Someone up at Boston's Logan International Airport How to Take the MAX from Portland International Airport How to Fly Standby How to Check in at the Airport How to Make the Most of a Layover How to Change Planes for a Connecting Flight How to Dress for the Airport (for Women)Article Info Categories: Surviving Airports In other languages: Español: pasar por seguridad en el aeropuerto sin problemas , Italiano: Passare i Controlli in Aeroporto Senza Problemi , Русский: пройти предполетный контроль , Português: Passar Sem Problema Pela Segurança nos Aeroportos , Français: passer sans encombre les contrôles de sécurité à l'aéroport , Deutsch: Reibungslos durch die Sicherheitskontrollen am Flughafen gelangen Edit Send fan mail to authors Thanks to all authors for creating a page that has been read 272,420 times. Did this article help you? Yes No "