the most common serious knee ligament injury involves the _____.

One of the most common knee injuries is an anterior cruciate ligament sprain or tear. Athletes who participate in high demand sports like soccer, football, and basketball are more likely to injure their anterior cruciate ligaments. If you have injured your anterior cruciate ligament, you may require surgery to regain full function of your knee.

Anatomy

This will depend on several factors, such as the severity of your injury and your activity level. Anatomy Three bones meet to form your knee joint: your thighbone (femur), shinbone (tibia), and kneecap (patella). Your kneecap sits in front of the joint to provide some protection. Bones are connected to other bones by ligaments. There are four primary ligaments in your knee. They act like strong ropes to hold the bones together and keep your knee stable. Collateral Ligaments These are found on the sides of your knee. The medial collateral ligament is on the inside and the lateral collateral ligament is on the outside. They control the sideways motion of your knee and brace it against unusual movement. Cruciate Ligaments These are found inside your knee joint. They cross each other to form an ""X"" with the anterior cruciate ligament in front and the posterior cruciate ligament in back. The cruciate ligaments control the back and forth motion of your knee. The anterior cruciate ligament runs diagonally in the middle of the knee. It prevents the tibia from sliding out in front of the femur, as well as provides rotational stability to the knee. Description About half of all injuries to the anterior cruciate ligament occur along with damage to other structures in the knee, such as articular cartilage, meniscus, or other ligaments. Injured ligaments are considered ""sprains"" and are graded on a severity scale. Grade 1 Sprains. The ligament is mildly damaged in a Grade 1 Sprain. It has been slightly stretched, but is still able to help keep the knee joint stable. Grade 2 Sprains. A Grade 2 Sprain stretches the ligament to the point where it becomes loose. This is often referred to as a partial tear of the ligament. Grade 3 Sprains. This type of sprain is most commonly referred to as a complete tear of the ligament. The ligament has been split into two pieces, and the knee joint is unstable. Partial tears of the anterior cruciate ligament are rare; most ACL injuries are complete or near complete tears. Cause The anterior cruciate ligament can be injured in several ways: Changing direction rapidly Stopping suddenly Slowing down while running Landing from a jump incorrectly Direct contact or collision, such as a football tackle Several studies have shown that female athletes have a higher incidence of ACL injury than male athletes in certain sports. It has been proposed that this is due to differences in physical conditioning, muscular strength, and neuromuscular control. Other suggested causes include differences in pelvis and lower extremity (leg) alignment, increased looseness in ligaments, and the effects of estrogen on ligament properties. Symptoms When you injure your anterior cruciate ligament, you might hear a ""popping"" noise and you may feel your knee give out from under you. Other typical symptoms include: Pain with swelling. Within 24 hours, your knee will swell. If ignored, the swelling and pain may resolve on its own. However, if you attempt to return to sports, your knee will probably be unstable and you risk causing further damage to the cushioning cartilage (meniscus) of your knee. Loss of full range of motion Tenderness along the joint line Discomfort while walking To Top Related Articles Treatment ACL Injury: Does It Require Surgery? Diseases & Conditions Patient Story: ACL and Meniscus Tears Treatment Knee Arthroscopy Staying Healthy Sports Nutrition Doctor Examination Physical Examination and Patient History During your first visit, your doctor will talk to you about your symptoms and medical history. During the physical examination, your doctor will check all the structures of your injured knee, and compare them to your non-injured knee. Most ligament injuries can be diagnosed with a thorough physical examination of the knee. Imaging Tests Other tests which may help your doctor confirm your diagnosis include: X-rays. Although they will not show any injury to your anterior cruciate ligament, x-rays can show whether the injury is associated with a broken bone. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scan. This study creates better images of soft tissues like the anterior cruciate ligament. However, an MRI is usually not required to make the diagnosis of a torn ACL. Treatment Treatment for an ACL tear will vary depending upon the patient's individual needs. For example, the young athlete involved in agility sports will most likely require surgery to safely return to sports. The less active, usually older, individual may be able to return to a quieter lifestyle without surgery. Nonsurgical Treatment A torn ACL will not heal without surgery. But nonsurgical treatment may be effective for patients who are elderly or have a very low activity level. If the overall stability of the knee is intact, your doctor may recommend simple, nonsurgical options. Bracing. Your doctor may recommend a brace to protect your knee from instability. To further protect your knee, you may be given crutches to keep you from putting weight on your leg. Physical therapy. As the swelling goes down, a careful rehabilitation program is started. Specific exercises will restore function to your knee and strengthen the leg muscles that support it. Surgical Treatment Rebuilding the ligament. Most ACL tears cannot be sutured (stitched) back together. To surgically repair the ACL and restore knee stability, the ligament must be reconstructed. Your doctor will replace your torn ligament with a tissue graft. This graft acts as a scaffolding for a new ligament to grow on. Grafts can be obtained from several sources. Often they are taken from the patellar tendon, which runs between the kneecap and the shinbone. Hamstring tendons at the back of the thigh are a common source of grafts. Sometimes a quadriceps tendon, which runs from the kneecap into the thigh, is used. Finally, cadaver graft (allograft) can be used. There are advantages and disadvantages to all graft sources. You should discuss graft choices with your own orthopaedic surgeon to help determine which is best for you. Because the regrowth takes time, it may be six months or more before an athlete can return to sports after surgery. Procedure. Surgery to rebuild an anterior cruciate ligament is done with an arthroscope using small incisions. Arthroscopic surgery is less invasive. The benefits of less invasive techniques include less pain from surgery, less time spent in the hospital, and quicker recovery times. Rehabilitation Whether your treatment involves surgery or not, rehabilitation plays a vital role in getting you back to your daily activities. A physical therapy program will help you regain knee strength and motion. If you have surgery, physical therapy first focuses on returning motion to the joint and surrounding muscles. This is followed by a strengthening program designed to protect the new ligament. This strengthening gradually increases the stress across the ligament. The final phase of rehabilitation is aimed at a functional return tailored for the athlete's sport. To Top "


how much is the cost of a movie ticket

The cost of going to the cinema usually falls following a glut of 3D titles during the year-end holidays. The average cost of a movie ticket fell 4.7 percent in the first quarter of 2014, to $7.96, compared to a hefty $8.35 in the prior quarter, according to the National Association of Theater Owners.

PHOTOS: 35 of 2014's Most Anticipated Movies: 'X-Men: Days of Future Past,' 'Mockingjay,' 'Spider-Man 2'It's typical to see a drop-off in the average ticket price following the year end-holidays, when there is a proliferation of 3D titles driving up the number. There was a slight increase in the average ticket price, or 0.3 percent, year over year. In the first quarter of 2013, the average cost of a trip to the cinema was $7.94. The average ticket price for 2013 was $8.13.


where is the town of corsicana

ong CORSICANA, TEXAS. Corsicana, county seat and largest city of Navarro County, is in the central portion of the county fifty-eight miles southeast of Dallas at the junction of Interstate 45, U. S. highways 75 and 287, and State highways 22 and 31. It was established in 1848 to serve as the county seat of newly-established Navarro County.

CORSICANA, TX

"CORSICANA, TXChristopher L

José Antonio Navarro, a hero of the Texas Revolution after whom the county was named, was given the honor of naming the new town; he suggested Corsicana after the island of Corsica, the birthplace of his parents. David R. Mitchell, an early area settler, donated 100 acres for a townsite, and with the assistance of Thomas I. Smith, platted the land and began selling lots. The new town was centered near a log tavern built in 1847 and owned and operated by Rev. Hampton Mc Kinney. The first courthouse, a two-room log structure, was constructed in 1849, and served as a church, meeting hall and civic center until a new frame building was constructed in 1853. The first school, taught by Mack Elliot and a man named Lafoon, opened in the old courthouse in 1847, and a short time later the Corsicana Female Literary Institute began operating. Within a few years of the town's founding, a large number of mercantile establishments opened on and around the courthouse square, and new brick courthouse—a symbol of the town's growing prosperity—was erected in 1858. The first newspaper, the Prairie Blade, was founded in 1855; it was replaced by the Express in 1857, which in turn was replaced by the Observer on the eve of the Civil War. By 1850 Corsicana's population had already grown to some 1,200, 300 of whom were reportedly black slaves. Not surprisingly given the town's large number of slaveholders, Corsicanans supported Breckinridge over the Fusionist slate of candidates in the presidential election of 1860; and in February 1861, when had the election was held on the secession issue, the vote was almost unanimous, 213 in favor and only three opposed. At outbreak of the war in April 1861 townspeople held a mass demonstration on the courthouse square in favor of the Confederacy, and appeals were made for volunteers to serve in the Confederate Army in Virginia. The first company, the ""Navarro Rifles"" commanded by Capt. Clinton M. Winkler, was organized in August 1861; four additional companies were organized in the town by 1863. After the war Union soldiers, commanded by Capt. R. A. Chaffee, occupied the town. Corsicana, however, witnessed little of the bitter strife experienced by many Texas towns during Reconstruction: Chaffee enlisted a number of former slaves as policeman, but avoided provoking the townspeople, and at one juncture even came out in support of former Confederate officer C. M. Winkler who had caned a Union soldier after the man had insulted him. The town's economy suffered a serious setback during the war and the early Reconstruction years, but by the beginning of 1870s business had begun to recover. In 1871 the town's first bank opened, operated by two men named Adams and Leonard, and in 1874 Union troops finally were withdrawn. The greatest spur to the town's development, however, came in November 1871 with the completion of the Houston and Texas Central Railroad. The coming of the railroad brought numerous settlers and new merchants, among them the Sanger Brothers, the Padgitts and others, who established stores near the new depot on East Collin Street. The construction of the Texas and St. Louis Railway (later the Cotton Belt) in 1880 prompted further commercial development, and by the mid-eighties Corsicana had become the leading trading and shipping center for a large area of the northern blacklands. In 1872 the town was incorporated with a mayoral form of government, and in 1880 a public school system was organized. The decade of the eighties also saw the establishment of a city fire department, a municipal water works, the installation of the first telephone system, and the construction of the State Orphans Home and the Odd Fellows Orphans Home. By 1885 Corsicana had a population of approximately 5,000, three Presbyterian, a Catholic, a Baptist, and three Methodist churches, as well as three blacks churches, an oil factory, a gristmill, two banks, and four weekly newspapers—the Courier, the Observer, the Messenger, and the Journal; principal products included cotton, grain, wool, and hides. By the early 1890s the rapidly expanding city had outgrown its water supply, and the following year civic leaders formed the Corsicana Water Development Company with the aim of tapping a shallow artesian well in the area. Drilling began in the spring of 1894; but instead of water, the company hit a large pocket of oil and gas. The find—the first significant discovery of oil west of the Mississippi River—led to Texas's first oil boom: within a short time nearly every lot in the town and in the surrounding area was under lease, and wells were being drilled within the city limits: five in 1896, and fifty-seven the following year. The first oil refinery in the state was built in 1897, and by 1898 there were 287 producing wells in the Corsicana field. The oil find attracted numerous oil men from the East, among them Edwy R. Brown, H. C. Folger, W. C. Proctor, C. N. Payne, and J. S. Cullinan, founder of the Cullinan Oil Company, which later evolved into the Magnolia Oil Company. The discovery of oil transformed Corsicana from a regional agricultural shipping town to an important oil and industrial center, spawning a number of allied businesses, including the Johnston-Akins-Rittersbacher shops (later known as American Well Prospecting Company), producer of the newly-invented rotary drilling bits. In 1900 Corsicana had grown to 9,313 inhabitants, with three banks, twelve newspapers, eight hotels, forty-nine retail stores, a cotton mill, thirty-two doctors, and thirty-five saloons. The presence of the latter was a cause of great concern to many Corsicanans and led to a growing temperance movement in the city that culminated in the passage of prohibition law in November 1904. The closing of the saloons had some short-term benefits, but bootleggers rapidly filled the gap, serving the needs of the legions of oilfield workers. The oil boom brought a new wave of prosperity to the town. A new courthouse—the one still in use in 1990—was completed in 1905, and in 1917 the Corsicana Chamber of Commerce was founded. The decades after 1900 also saw significant improvements in transportation. The Corsicana Transit Company converted from mule-drawn cars to electric trolleys in 1902; in 1912 the Trinity and Brazos completed a line between Corsicana and Houston; and in 1913 the Texas Electric Railroad instituted hourly service to and from Dallas. In 1923 a second, even larger oil deposit, the Powell oilfield, was discovered, unleashing a new oil boom. Within a few months Corsicana's population swelled to unprecedented heights; some estimates placed the number of residents as high as 28,000 during the peak months of the oil frenzy. New construction transformed the face of the city, and street lights were installed for the first time to control the increased traffic. During the height of the Powell field boom 550 wells in and around the city produced an estimated 354,000 barrels per day. As the boom subsided, the population dropped—to 11,300 in 1925—but it rebounded at the end of the decade, reaching 15,202 in 1930. With the onset of the Great Depression in the early 1930s many Corsicanans found themselves out of work. The number of rated businesses declined from a high of 780 in 1931 to 500 in 1936. Particularly hard hit was the cotton wholesale and processing industry, which suffered from the combined effects of falling prices and the boll weevil. The oil industry helped to mitigate the worst effects of the depression, however, and by the end of the decade the Corsicana economy was already beginning to show signs of a rebound. On the eve of World War II Corsicana had five banks, a daily newspaper (the Daily Sun ), three movie theaters, three hospitals, three hotels, a cotton mill, a refinery, and two oil pumping stations. The reported population in 1940 was 17,500, of whom 77 percent were white and 23 percent black. Corsicana grew again during the war. In 1942 Air Activities of Texas opened a large flight training center where thousands of pilots received basic training, and in 1942 Bethlehem Steel took over the American Well Prospecting Plant, expanding the production of rotary drills. Corsicana's leading industries during the 1950s included the Texas-Miller Products Company, a leading producer of hats; the Oil City Iron Works; the Wolfe Brand Company, producer of chili and tamales; several textile plants; the Bethlehem Supply Company; and the Collin Street Bakery qv, a leading producer of fruitcakes. The latter, founded at the end of the nineteenth century by German immigrant August Weidmann and William Thomas Mc Elwee, developed into one of Corsicana's best known industries, shipping their De Luxe fruitcakes to all fifty states and 195 countries around the world. The oil business, however, continued to form the mainstay of the town's economy. Huge oil profits fostered great wealth in Corsicana, and during the early 1950s there were said to be at least twenty-one millionaires in the town; the per capita income—$1,222 in 1953—was claimed to be the highest of any Texas city. In 1956 a new oilfield was discovered in East Corsicana, and within months 500 wells—nearly one in every backyard—had been drilled. Since that time Corsicana has experienced steady, if not spectacular, growth. The population reached 20,750 in 1965 and 25,189 in 1991. The number of businesses saw a sharp drop, from 550 in 1965 to 394 in the mid-1970s, but the number rebounded, and in 1991 the town reported 485 businesses. The leading industries in 1991 included oil and gas extraction, meat packing, fruit and vegetable canning, the printing of business forms, and manufacture of prepared foods, furniture, chemical and rubber products, and oil field machinery. The population was 24,485 in 2000, with 1,219 businesses. BIBLIOGRAPHY: Corsicana Chamber of Commerce, Facts about Corsicana, Texas (Corsicana: Stokes Printing, 1935). C. L. Jester, Short History of Navarro County and Corsicana (Austin: University of Texas Library, 1943). Annie Carpenter Love, History of Navarro County (Dallas: Southwestern, 1933). Marker Files, Texas Historical Commission, Austin. Carl Mirus, ""A Short History of the Corsicana Shallow Oil Field,"" Navarro County Scroll, 1956. William Polk Murchison, Corsicana in Civil War and Reconstruction Days (University of Texas Bulletin 2546, December 8, 1925). William Polk Murchison, The Early History of Corsicana (University of Texas Bulletin 2746, December 8, 1927). Wyvonne Putman, comp., Navarro County History (5 vols., Quanah, Texas: Nortex, 1975–84). Alva Taylor, History and Photographs of Corsicana and Navarro County (Corsicana, Texas, 1959; rev. ed., Navarro County History and Photographs, Corsicana, 1962). Vertical Files, Dolph Briscoe Center for American History, University of Texas at Austin. Where Image Use Disclaimer All copyrighted materials included within the Handbook of Texas Online are in accordance with Title 17 U. S. C. Section 107 related to Copyright and “Fair Use” for Non-Profit educational institutions, which permits the Texas State Historical Association (TSHA), to utilize copyrighted materials to further scholarship, education, and inform the public. The TSHA makes every effort to conform to the principles of fair use and to comply with copyright law. For more information go to: http://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/17/107.shtml If you wish to use copyrighted material from this site for purposes of your own that go beyond fair use, you must obtain permission from the copyright owner. Citation The following, adapted from the Chicago Manual of Style, 15th edition, is the preferred citation for this article. Handbook of Texas Online , Christopher Long, ""Corsicana, TX,"" accessed April 11, 2018, http://www.tshaonline.org/handbook/online/articles/hec05 . Uploaded on June 12, 2010. Published by the Texas State Historical Association.report an error "


how many people die from snake bites a year?

Studies suggested that only 8.5% of snake bite victims in Nigeria and 27% in Kenya sought hospital treatment. The researchers calculated that globally, at least 421,000 envenomings and 20,000 snake bite deaths occur each year. However, the figures could be as high as 1,841,000 envenomings and 94,000 deaths. Southern Asia bore the brunt of the deaths. In this part of the world, venomous snakes such as cobras and vipers killed 14,000 people each year. India, with its billion-strong population, suffered 11,000 deaths alone - more than any other country in the world.

"Snakes kill more than 90,000 around the world Poisonous snakes could be killing more than 90,000 people a year around the world, new research has shown. Cobras and vipers kill 14,000 people each year in Southern Asia. Photo: Getty Images4:20PM GMT 03 Nov 2008India has the biggest snake bite death toll, with around 11,000 lives lost. In total, between 1.2 million and 5.5 million snake bites may occur annually, scientists have estimated. Only a quarter of these result in ""envenoming"", the injection of poison into the blood stream from a snake's fangs. Snake bites pose an important yet neglected threat to public health, according to the researchers led by Professor Janaka de Silver, from the University of Kelaniya in Sri Lanka. The global health burden of snake bites was assessed by pooling together available data on envenomings and deaths from more than 100 countries in 21 geographical regions. A total of 58 countries, including the Republic of Ireland, were identified as having no record of snake bites. In some other parts of the world, notably sub-Saharan Africa, the number of people bitten and killed by poisonous snakes was thought to be greatly under-estimated. Many victims in these regions do not seek or get medical help and their deaths go unrecorded, said the scientists writing in the online journal PLo S Medicine.

Although a quarter of all snake bites occurred in Central and South America, relatively few resulted in deaths compared with other high incidence areas, the researchers reported. This was probably due to better systems for handling snake bites and the availability of antivenom. The scientists concluded: ""Snake bites cause considerable morbidity (illness) and mortality worldwide. The highest burden exists in South Asia, South-East Asia, and sub-Saharan Africa. ""Population-based studies in countries that appear to have the highest rates of people being bitten and killed by snakes were ""urgently required"", they said. The researchers added: ""Accurate data on the epidemiology of snake bite, globally, will facilitate prioritisation of scarce health care resources for prevention and treatment of this neglected health problem. ""In an accompanying article, Dr Jean-Philippe Chippaux, from the Institute of Research and Development in La Paz, Bolivia, said the current world economic crisis could reduce the availability of antivenom in Africa. For most rural African families, a vial of antivenom cost the equivalent of several months' income. Dr Chippaux wrote: ""A better knowledge of morbidity and mortality due to snakebite would lead to improved management, and it may reduce the case fatality rate and mortality (though perhaps not the incidence). ""Armed with better information on the global burden of snakebite, antivenom manufacturers would be able to better regulate production, and medical authorities could distribute antivenoms to where they are most useful and needed..""De Silva and colleagues' study is a preliminary, but essential, step in improving accessibility of antivenoms and the treatment of snakebite. ""Health News »World News »In Health Miniature horse therapy Wellcome Image Awards Weird X-rays Life begins at 70Living proof: the secret of healthy ageing Secret Postcards Celebs in specs Top news galleries Woody Allen's 30 best one-liners Comedy Martin Chilton selects 30 great one-liners from the comedian and film star Woody Allen The best British political insults Culture A hilarious history of political insults and putdowns, from Churchill to Corbyn Culture stars who died in 2016Culture News We celebrate and remember the culture stars who have passed away in 2016US Presidents: 30 great one-liners Books Great quotes from White House incumbents: will Donald Trump be joining them?100 funny jokes by 100 comedians Comedy One hundred whip-smart wisecracks History's greatest conspiracy theories From global warming to 9/11, Shakespeare to Elvis, Diana to JFK, peak oil to Roswell, conspiracy theories abound. Grand stand views of London In pics: Stunning aerial shots of London's football stadia by photographer Jason Hawkes Russia's abandoned space shuttles In pics: The crumbling remains of the Soviet Union's space programme Home-made in China Ambitious Chinese inventors take on crazy do-it-yourself projects Sinkholes around the world In pics: Sinkholes, craters and collapsed roads around the world Comments Latest Video»Large rat climbs on sleeping commuter Teen pepper-sprayed at Trump rally Disabled great-grandfather denied stairlift and forced to crawl Elderly wombat rescued after being attacked Egypt Air crew finally arrive in Cairo Sponsored When media meets medicine More from the web More from the web More from the web All Auctions In One Place View lot!View lot!View lot!View lot!SEARCH ALL AUCTIONSWorld News The latest world news View US News Latest and breaking stories from the United States View Film All the latest film trailers, reviews and features View Football Catch up on all the latest football news and results View "


green card definition

Green Card The popular name for the Alien Registration Receipt Card issued to all immigrants entering the United States on a non-temporary visa who have registered with and been fingerprinted by the Immigration and Naturalization Service.

Green Card

"Correct all you're your grammar errors instantly. Try it now. Green Card Also found in: Dictionary, Thesaurus, Medical, Acronyms, Encyclopedia, Wikipedia .

The name green card comes from the distinctive coloration of the card. Cross-references Aliens. West's Encyclopedia of American Law, edition 2. Copyright 2008 The Gale Group, Inc. All rights reserved. Want to thank TFD for its existence? Tell a friend about us, add a link to this page, or visit the webmaster's page for free fun content . Link to this page:Green CardFacebook Twitter Finally, Farlex brings you all the rules of English grammar, all in one place, explained in simple terms. The Farlex Grammar Bookis available now in paperback and e Book formats. "


what is a phantom color poodle

Phantom coloring is a dog that has one main color, and then has 'tips' of another color. If you can picture the coloring of a Rottweiler, Dachshund or a Doberman, this is the same color scheme. Phantom can occur with any color, A Silver Phantom with White points, A Chocolate phantom with Cream points, A black phantom with tan points, etc etc.

~A Poodle of a Different Color~

"~A Poodle of a Different Color~So many colors, so little time, so much confusion! If you were at all like myself when you first got into Poodles, all the color names and technicalities confused you. Tuxedo? Parti? Phantom? What!?! Are they even pure bred if they have more than one color in them? What's the difference? I've collected some really good picture examples of most of the color schemes Poodles can have and explained them, I hope this helps your decision to get a pup. *Remember, color is all based on genetics. It's like a magic trick, what you see is almost never what you get. The majority of poodles will look a lot different from 5 weeks old, to 5 years old. Unless you've done your research, and know exactly what you bred to, and planned it for color, it's like a box of chocolates (to quote Forrest Gump). So don't blame your breeder, crystal balls are expensive! *~Solids~

Solids are the colors people are most comfortable with because it's what they know and it's what looks 'normal'. There are several different colors of solid poodles. Solid means exactly that, no other color whatsoever on the dog.

Solid Black : ""Isabella""~Black~photo compliments of: stunninnglyss.com It seems like a very simple, straight forward color doesn't it? Don't be fooled! True blacks are born inky black, have black points (lips, pads, nose, and eyelids) and their skin looks blue! When shaved for the first time, there should be no color variance in the hairs you just shaved and the longer hair. If the hair is a greyish color when shaved, the dog is more likely a 'silver'.1st pic -Izzy as an 8 week old puppy and her BFF B. B. the kitten 2nd pic, Izzy's 1st haircut (about 10 weeks old), note that her shaved face is the same shade of black as the rest. 3rd Pic: Izzy's son 'Cosmo', before his 1st haircut. Note his face is completely black, so naturally, I was calling this puppy 'black' 4th pic Tada! It's like a magic trick! Color is not always what meets the eye. this is 'Cosmo' again after his 1st haircut (about 9 weeks). Note his face is grey now that it's shaved, this turned out to actually be a silver puppy. Solid White : ""Echo""~White~photo compliments of: Stunningly Sweet Standards www.stunninglyss.com White poodles are born exactly that, white. You can also have apricot and cream puppies eventually fade to white by the time you need to register them under their true color though, but a true white is born white, with black points. Solid Cream : ""Bentley""~Cream~Lighter than apricot. Always with a black nose. Many creams turn white depending on color pedigree and strength of color genes.photo compliments of: stunninglyss.com via Laurie Shriver-Owner of dog pictured. Pictures below are all the same puppy. 1st pic was 1 day old. 2nd was 19 days old. 3rd was 6 weeks old. 4th is 10 months 5th is 16 months. 6th is 3 years old. Note how from about 3 weeks old to 10 months old the ears are noticeably darker. At 16 months the entire coloring of the dog is markedly lighter, and at 3 years old the dog looks an 'off white' color entirely. This can be typical of creams. Solid Apricot~Apricot~Slightly Darker than Cream throughout the coat. Apricots and creams can be very hard to differentiate. Apricot is usually more of a vibrant color compared to the above 'cream' color. Always with a black nose, and darker ears. Many apricots turn cream with age and fading.photo compliments of: stunninglyss.com*The 1st 3 pictures below are of the same Apricot puppy, Tanner (same as the above picture with natural vs indoor lighting). This puppy's father was Red and mother was white. This is a typical offspring of those 2 colors bred together. * The next 3 pictures are of a 'light red' puppy with weak red color genes (my beloved Kayenne RIP) that grew up and faded into a dark apricot adult. You can see the similarities in the apricot puppy and 'red' puppy that faded.~Reds~Red's come in a variety of shades from light, to dark/mahoganey red, all based on color genetics. All photos are puppies produced by Stunningly Sweet Standards. Depending on genetics, many light, medium and regular reds, can fade to apricots and darker reds can fade to a lighter shade. Light Red/Apricot 'Chesney' Medium Red ""Marley"" Regular Red ""Ruby"" Dark/Mahoganey Red 'Adele'Below is my female Kayenne (mother of all puppies above). She was sold to me and pre-registered as a 'red', which at the time, she was-a very light red. Her color genetics were very weak and had many 'dilute' colors in her pedigree such as white, cream, apricot and silver. This made it so that Kayenne's reddish color as a puppy, would never hold, and she would fade with age. I knew this when I brought her home, and was fine with it because health is most important to me, color comes as a bonus. This is why I made sure to pair her with strong dominant red males with good red genes. Kayennes red genetics were there, but could not hold their weight and show through into her puppies on her own. She needed a good strong red pedigree to help her through in order to throw nicely red colored puppies. Therefore, she and all of her mates, produced a variety of red shades. 'Ivy' the Café Au Lait and white Parti~Cafe Au Lait~It looks like a possible mix between apricot/cream/choc. ALWAYS with a liver colored nose, this is the defining trait of a Cafe Au Lait dog, they MUST have a liver nose. A Silver Beige colored dog can have either liver OR a blck nose. Café Au Lait's and Silver Beige are very easily confused, and hard to determine which is which. The main determining factor is a true Café Au Lait, is born with it's true color, Silver Beige's have to fade to their true color. Café Au Lait as an adult is also a bit darker in shade than Silver Beige. photo compliments of: Family Affair Standard Poodles How can I tell if I have a Silver Beige or a Café Au Lait poodle? Start with these questions: 1.) What color is the nose? Liver Nose = It could be either Silver Beige of Café Au Lait. Black Nose = You have a Silver Beige Poodle! 2.) What color were they when they were born? The color hasn't changed much = Café Au Lait Originally they were dark brown/choc. = Silver Beige'G. G.' the Solid Silver Beige~Silver Beige~Silver beige starts out looking pure brown (they are a lot like Silver colored dogs because not until you shave their hair or look down into the roots, will you see the change coming). Once you shave them, you can see the cream undertones to their hair. Café Au Lait's and Silver Beige are very easily confused, and hard to determine which is which. Both can have liver noses, but a Café Au Lait MUST have one, Silver Beige can have black or liver. The main determining factor is a true Café Au Lait, is born it's original color, but a Silver Beige has to be born brown/chocolate and fade into it's true color.photo compliments of: Family Affair Standard Poodles All 4 pictures below are of the same dog 'Piper' a Silver Beige Toy Poodle. 1st pic: Piper as a puppy (about 8 weeks), a nice dark chocolate brown. 2nd pic: Notice how the hairs on her muzzle are starting to fade at the roots as they grow out ( about 4 months old). 3rd pic : Piper as an adult after a grooming, a completely different color than when she was a puppy. 4th pic: Another year older, after a full groom, she's even a little more silvery than the year before. This is classic of the Silver Beige. It's a very cool color. A perfect example of a color 'magic trick'. 'Cowgirl' the Solid Chocolate/Brown~Brown/Chocolate~Brown is another color that will fade if not properly produced with strong brown color genes. There are different shades of brown as well, lighter browns with a liver nose, to deep dark chocolate. This dog is a great example of what a nice dark brown should look like as an adult if it has exceptional color genetics. Notice how the shaved face is still just as dark as the top knot. The tips of the hair on the ears are faded, but that occurs due to growth and age of the hair follicle and exposure to sunlight. Just like people who are out in the sun a lot, can get sun-bleached hair.photo compliments of : Family Affair Standard Poodles~Blue~ (photo coming soon)Blue dogs start out looking black, then get a 'muted' tone to their coat. Like a black shirt that has been washed alot. It looks like you took black paint, added a dark blue and splash of sliver in it. An Ashy looking color. Too light to be black, and too dark to be silver. A beautiful color and somewhat rare! ""Cosmo"" 3 years old~Silver~ aka ""Grey""photo compliments of: Stunningly Sweet Standards Many silver dogs start out looking black. Then once you shave them, you can see the silver hair down by the roots. After several years, they completely turn. Pictures below are the same dog 'Cosmo': 1 day old, 3 weeks old, 8wks old and then at 6 months old. Then above at 3 years old.~Multicolors~Mulitcolors start to raise an eyebrow or two. But rest assured that Poodles originally were more than one color. Over the years people tried to breed the multicolor out of poodles to gain just solid coloring. But for these past several decades mulitcolors are coming back and are more beautiful than ever!

Multiple colors on a poodle does NOT mean it is a mixed breed dog, DNA tests can prove this. Working in the Veterinary field for over 15 years and have a specialty in reproduction, I've learned what certain color and genetic combinations can produce. You can have a poodle of several colors and have a purebred poodle pedigree/genes.

~Brindle~ (photo coming soon)Brindle is a very common pattern to occur in the dog breed world, not only with Poodles but with Danes, Boxers, Mastiffs etc. Brindle can occur as any color but the unique characteristic that makes it 'brindle' are the tiger stripes! Genetically speaking, Brindle is a production of at least 2 recessive genes. This just means that it's rare, and usually has to come from both parents either displaying it in their own color, OR both parents having it close within their pedigree. Now remember, even if the above is true, you still might not get this color. Pictured here is a Silver Brindle Tuxedo. Sable Puppy 6 weeks old~Sable~Sable is also another common color to occur in the dog breed world like the 'Shepherd Family'. I like to describe Sable as a 'burnt toast color' most commonly brown with black tipping. Sable is the most drastic changing color scheme out there (I think). They look completely different at birth compared to 6 months old. Once fully matured, the only part of their body which held it's original color, are the ears. So if you are choosing a puppy based on color, remember, Sable puppies only have this color for a short time. photo compliments of: stunninlyss.com Pictured below (and above) is all the same puppy 'Roxy' from our first Stunningly Sweet Standards litter: 1st Picture:1 day old 2nd: 2 weeks old 3rd: 3 weeks old 4th: 6 weeks old 5th: 6 months old 6th: 3 years Black and White 'Parti' Poodle with Ticking~Ticking~Ticking is more of a 'marking' than an actual color, because you can have a dog of a certain color that also has ticking. Ticking is little specs of color all over the dog. Very much like the Sporting and Herding group of dogs. photo compliments of: Gem State Standard Poodles Below is 'Echo' the Wirehaired Pointing Griffon who is Liver color with Ticking. This is a great example of the color combination. The 2nd and 3rd pictures are a Red Merle Mini Aussie and a Blue Merle Tri Color Corgi, however, 'Ticking', makes up part of the Merle color scheme. Black and White Parti Poodle Puppy~Parti~

Parti Poodles could very well be the most popular multicolored poodle available. Parti is a term that means 'Particularly' colored. A Parti Poodle is a dog that has a white base with large irregular patches of another color. Parti Poodles can come as any color or pattern in the poodle family.

There are Sable Parti's, Brindle Partis etc. Pictured here is a Black and White Parti Poodle Puppy. ALL Photos Compliments of: Gem State Standard Poodles Silver Beige and White Parti Chocolate and White Parti Cream and White Parti Silver and White Parti Chocolate/tan Phantom puppy: Gem State Standards~Phantom~

1st Picture: Stunningly Sweet Standard Puppy born a red sable phantom 2nd Picture: Same dog as 1st pic, as an adult that has faded 3rd Picture: Courtesy of Gem Standard Poodles Black and Silver Phantom 4th Picture: Courtesy of Family Affair Standard Poodles Chocolate and Cream Phantom Also pictured below are a Doberman, a Rottweiler and a German Shepherd for color pattern comparison.~Tuxedo~ (picture coming soon)A Tuxedo is also more a color 'scheme'. Tuxedo is a type of Parti Poodle Coloring. The characteristic of a Tuxedo Parti Poodle is a 'blanket' or 'saddle' of color over it's back. There is white from the throat all the way down the neck, on the chest, abdomen and up the underside of the tail, down the inside of the legs and up the outside of the legs. A Tuxedo can be any color. Pictured here is a Blue and White Tuxedo. Mismark/Abstract A Mismark or Abstract can occur with any color of poodle. This color means not enough white to be called a Parti but too much white to be called a Solid, so they deemed it 'mismark' or 'abstract'. It is any color dog with random spots of white, it does not have a white base color. Personally I think this color was named unjustly! It sounds like there is something wrong with the dog when there is not, mismarks are beautiful and I think their unique coloring gives them character and individuality! Thats why I nicknamed them 'SPLASH' Poodles, because it's just a splash of color!Top Photo Compliments of: Stunningly Sweet Standards: Available Standard Poodle Stud, 'Monty'. All Bottom Photos compliments of: stunninglyss.com I hope this helped any confusion! ""He is your friend, your partner, your defender, your dog. You are his life, his love, his leader. He will be yours, faithful and true, to the last beat of his heart. You owe it to him to be worthy of such devotion. ""- Unknown "