what is 5th century bce

s The 5th century BC started the first day of 500 BC and ended the last day of 401 BC. The Parthenon of Athens seen from the hill of the Pnyx to the west. Location 23°43'35.69""E 37°58'17.39"

5th century BC

"From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedianavigation search This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (September 2015) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message)Millennium: 1st millennium BCCenturies:6th century BC 5th century BC 4th century BCTimelines:6th century BC 5th century BC 4th century BCState leaders:6th century BC 5th century BC 4th century BCDecades:490s BC 480s BC 470s BC 460s BC 450s BC440s BC 430s BC 420s BC 410s BC 400s BCCategories: Births – Deaths Establishments – Disestablishment

"NThis century saw the establishment of Pataliputra as a capital of Magadha Empire. This city would later become the ruling capital of different Indian Kingdoms for about a thousand years. This period saw the rise of two great philosophical schools of the East, Jainism and Buddhism. This period saw Mahavira and Buddha spreading their respective teachings in Northern Plains of India. This essentially changed the socio-cultural and political dynamics of the region of South Asia. Buddhism would later go on to become one of the major world religions. This period also saw the work of Yaska, who created Nirukta, that would lay the foundation stone for Sanskrit grammar and is one of the oldest works on grammar known to mankind. This century is also traditionally recognized as the classical period of the Greeks, which would continue all the way through the 4th century until the time of Alexander the Great. The life of Socrates represented a major milestone in Greek philosophy though his teachings only survive through the work of his students, most notably Plato and Xenophon. The tragedians Aeschylus, Sophocles, and Euripides, as well as the comedian Aristophanes all date from this era and many of their works are still considered classics of the western theatrical canon. The Persian Wars, fought between a coalition of Greek cities and the vast Achaemenid Persian Empire was a pivotal moment in Greek politics. After having successfully prevented the annexation of Greece by the Persians, Sparta, the dominant power in the coalition, had no intention of further offensive action and considered the war over. Meanwhile, Athens counter-attacked, liberating Greek subjects of the Persian Empire up and down the Ionian coast and mobilizing a new coalition the Delian League. Tensions between Athens, and its growing imperialistic ambitions as leader of the Delian League, and the traditionally dominant Sparta led to a protracted stalemate in the Peloponnesian war. Contents [ hide ]1 Events1.1 490s BC1.2 480s BC1.3 470s BC1.4 460s BC1.5 450s BC1.6 440s BC1.7 430s BC1.8 420s BC1.9 410s BC1.10 400s BC2 Significant people2.1 Visual arts2.2 Literature2.3 Science and philosophy2.4 Sports3 Inventions, discoveries, introductions4 Sovereign states5 Decades and years6 References Events [ edit]Demotic becomes the dominant script of ancient Egypt.490s BC [ edit]499 BC: Aristagoras, acting on behalf of the Persian Empire, leads a failed attack on the rebellious island of Naxos.499 BC: Aristagoras instigates the Ionian Revolt, beginning the Persian Wars between Greece and Persia.499 BC: Sardis sacked by Athenian and Ionian troops.498 BC: Leontini subjugated by Hippocrates of Gela.498 BC: Alexander I succeeds his father Amyntas I as king of Macedon.496 BC: Battle of Lake Regillus: A legendary early Roman victory, won over either the Etruscans or the Latins.496 BC: Sophocles is born.495 BC: Temple to Mercury on the Circus Maximus in Rome is built.494 BC: The Battle of Lade, where Persians take back Ionia.494 BC: Two tribunes of the plebs and two plebeian aediles are elected for the first time in Rome: the office of the tribunate is established.494 BC: The year Rome changed from an Aristocratic Republic to a Liberalized Republic.493 BC: Piraeus, the port town of Athens, is founded.493 BC: Coriolanus captures the Volscian town of Corioli for Rome.492 BC: First expedition of King Darius I of Persia against Greece, under the leadership of his son-in-law Mardonius. This marks the start of the campaign that culminated in the Battle of Marathon in 490 BC.491 BC: Leotychidas succeeds his cousin Demaratus as king of Sparta.491 BC: Gelo becomes Tyrant of Gela.490 BC: The Battle of Marathon, where Darius I of Persia is defeated by the Athenians and Plataeans under Miltiades490 BC: Phidippides runs 40 kilometers from Marathon to Athens to announce the news of the Greek victory; origin of the marathon long-distance race.480s BC [ edit]489 BC: Cities of Rhodes unite and start construction of the new city of Rhodes.488 BC: Leonidas I succeeds his brother Cleomenes I as king of Sparta after Cleomenes is judged insane.487 BC: Egypt revolts against the Persians.487 BC: Aegina and Athens go to war.487 BC: Athenian Archonship becomes elective by lot, an important milestone in the move towards radical Athenian democracy.486 BC: First part of the Grand Canal of China is built.486 BC: Xerxes I succeeds Darius I as Great King of Persia.486 BC: Egypt revolts against Persian rule.486 BC: First Buddhist Council at Rejgaha, under the patronage of King Ajatasattu. Oral tradition established for the first time. October, 485 BC: Xerxes I succeeds Darius I as King of Persia.484 BC: Athenian playwright Aeschylus wins a poetry prize.484 BC: Xerxes I abolishes the Kingdom of Babel and removes the golden statue of Bel ( Marduk, Merodach ).484 BC: Persians regain control of Egypt.483 BC: Gautama Buddha died.483 BC: Xerxes I of Persia starts planning his expedition against Greece481 BC: The Isthmus of Corinth ends a war between Athens and Aegina.480 BC: King Xerxes I of Persia sets out to conquer Greece.480 BC: Cimon and his friends burn horse-bridles as an offering to Athena and join the marines480 BC: Pleistarchus succeeds his father Leonidas I as king of Sparta. August, 480 BC: Battle of Artemisium —The Persian fleet fights an inconclusive battle with the Greek allied fleet. August 11, 480 BC: The Battle of Thermopylae, a costly victory by Persians over the Greeks. September 23, 480 BC: Battle of Salamis between Greece and Persia, leading to a Greek victory.480 BC: Battle of Himera —The Carthaginians under Hamilcar are defeated by the Greeks of Sicily, led by Gelon of Syracuse.480 BC: Roman troops march against the Veientines.470s BC [ edit]479 BC: The Battle of Plataea, the Greeks defeat the Persians, ending the Persian Wars.479 BC: Battle of Mycale.479 BC: Potidaea is struck by a tsunami.479 BC: Chinese philosopher Confucius dies.478 BC: Establishment of the Temple of Confucius at (modern-day) Qufu.477 BC: The Delian League is inaugurated.476 BC: Archidamus II succeeds his grandfather Leotychides, who is banished to Tegea, as king of Sparta.475 BC: King Xuan of Zhou becomes King of the Zhou Dynasty.474 BC: Battle of Cumae —The Syracusans under Hiero I defeat the Etruscans and end Etruscan expansion in southern Italy.474 BC: Greek poet Pindar moves to Thebes.473 BC: The Chinese State of Wu is annexed by the State of Yue.472 BC: Carystus in Euboea is forced to join the Delian League (approximate date).472 BC: The tragedy The Persians is produced by Aeschylus.471 BC: Athenian politician Themistocles is ostracized.460s BC [ edit]469 BC: Philosopher Socrates is born in Attica, Athens, Greece.468 BC: Sophocles, Greek playwright, defeats Aeschylus for the Athenian Prize.468 BC: Antium captured by Roman forces.468 BC: King Zhending of Zhou becomes King of the Zhou Dynasty of China.466 BC: Delian League defeats Persia at the Battle of Eurymedon.466 BC: The Greek colony of Taras, in Magna Graecia, is defeated by Iapyges, a native population of ancient Apulia; Tarentine monarchy falls, with the installation of a democracy and the expulsion of the Pythagoreans.465 BC: King Xerxes I of the Persian Empire is murdered by Artabanus the Hyrcanian. He is succeeded by Artaxerxes I, possibly with Artabanus acting as Regent.465 BC: Thasos revolts from the Delian League.464 BC: An earthquake in ancient Sparta, Greece leads to a Helot uprising and strained relations with Athens, one of the factors that lead to the Peloponnesian War.464 BC: Regent King Artabanus of Persia is killed by his charge Artaxerxes I.464 BC: Third Messenian war.462 BC: The revolt of Thasos against the Delian League comes to an end with their surrender.461 BC: Athenian politician Cimon is ostracized.460 BC: Egypt revolts against Persia, starting a six-year war. An Athenian force sent to attack Cyprus is diverted to support this revolt.460 BC: Cincinnatus becomes consul of the Roman Republic.460 BC: Physician Hippocrates is born in Kos, Greece.450s BC [ edit]459 BC: Pleistoanax succeeds his father Pleistarchus as king of Sparta.459 BC: Destruction of the Sicilian town of Morgantina by Douketios, leader of the Sikels, according to Diodoros Siculus.459 BC: Ezra leads the second body of Jews from Babylon to Jerusalem.458 BC: Greek playwright Aeschylus completes the Oresteia, a trilogy that tells the story of a family blood feud. The plays will have a great influence on future writers.458 BC: Cincinnatus is named dictator of the Roman Republic in order to defend it against Aequi. Sixteen days later, after defeating the invaders at the Battle of Mount Algidus, he resigns and returns to his farm.457 BC: Athenian statesman Pericles ' greatest reform, allowing common people to serve in any state office, inaugurates Golden Age of Ancient Athens.457 BC: Battle of Tanagra —The Spartans defeat the Athenians, near Thebes.457 BC: Battle of Oenophyta —The Athenians defeat the Thebans and take control of Boeotia.457 BC: Decree of Artaxerxes I to re-establish the city government of Jerusalem. See Ezra 7, Daniel 9 and Nehemiah 1 in Old Testament.455 BC: A thirty years' truce concluded between Athens and Lacedaemon.455 BC: Euripides presents his first known tragedy, Peliades, in the Athenian festival of Dionysia.454 BC: Athens loses a fleet and possibly as many as 50 000 men in a failed attempt to aid an Egyptian revolt against Persia.454 BC: The treasury of the Delian League is moved from Delos to Athens.454 BC: Hostilities between Segesta and Selinunte, two Greek cities on Sicily.453 BC: Taiyuan, a city in China, gets flooded.451 BC: Athens makes peace with Sparta and wages a war against Persia.451 BC: The decemviri come to power in the Roman Republic. They enact the twelve tables, the foundation of Roman Law.450 BC: Battle of Salamis: Athenians under Cimon defeat the Persian fleet.450 BC: Perdiccas II succeeds Alexander I as king of Macedonia (approximate date).450 BC to 325 BC: Olmecs leave La Venta, and it becomes depopulated by 325 BC.440s BC [ edit]449 BC: The Peace of Callias between the Delian League and Persia ends the Persian Wars.449 BC: Construction begins on the Temple of Hephaestus in Athens.449 BC: The Twelve Tables are promulgated to the people of Rome —the first public laws of the Roman Republic.449 BC: Romans revolt against the decemvirate. The decemvirs resign and the tribunate is re-established.449 BC: Herodotus completes his History, which records the events concerning the Persian War.448 BC: Phidias finishes a 9 meter high statue of Athena on the Acropolis.447 BC: Athens begins construction of the Parthenon, at the initiative of Pericles.447 BC: Battle of Coronea —The Athenians are driven out of Boeotia.447 BC: Achaeus of Eretria, a Greek playwright, shows his first play.445 BC: Pericles declares Thirty Years Peace between Athens and Sparta.445 BC: Artaxerxes I gives Nehemiah permission to rebuild Jerusalem.445 BC: The Lacus Curtius is created by a lightning strike in Rome. It is consecrated by Gaius, Mettius or Marcus Curtius.443 BC: The Roman Republic creates the office of censor, initially exclusive to patricians.443 BC: Foundation of the Greek colony of Thurii in Italy. Its colonists include Herodotus and Lysias.442 BC: Sophocles writes Antigone.441 BC: King Ai of Zhou becomes King of the Zhou Dynasty of China but dies before the year's end.440 BC: Famine in Rome.440 BC: King Kao of Zhou becomes King of the Zhou Dynasty of China.440 BC: Democritus proposes the existence of indivisible particles, which he calls atoms.430s BC [ edit]439 BC: Cincinnatus again becomes dictator of the Roman Republic; during his term he defeats the Volsci.439 BC: According to legend, Gaius Servilius Ahala saves Rome from Spurius Maelius.438 BC: Ictinus and Callicrates finish construction of the Parthenon, located on Athens ' Acropolis.435 BC: The Statue of Zeus at Olympia by Phidias, one of the seven wonders of the world, is completed.434 BC: Conflict occurs between the Greek island of Kerkyra and its mother-city Corinth.434 BC: Anaxagoras tries to square the circle with straightedge and compass.433 BC: Battle of Sybota between Corcyra and Corinth.433 BC (or later): Burial of Marquis Yi of Zeng in China.432 BC: Athens adopts a 19-year cycle of synchronizing solar and lunar calendars.432 BC: Athens defeats Corinth in the battle of Potidaea.432 BC: The Greek colony of Heraclea is founded by Tarentum and Thurii.431 BC: The Peloponnesian War begins between Sparta and Athens and their allies.431 BC: Defeat of the Aequians by the Romans under the dictator A. Postumius Tubertus.431 BC: The Greek physician and philosopher Empedocles articulates the notion that the human body has four humors: blood, bile, black bile, and phlegm, a belief that dominates medical thinking for centuries.430 BC: Athens suffers a major pestilence, believed to be caused by epidemic typhus.c. 430 BC: First performance of Sophocles 's Oedipus Rex.420s BC [ edit]429 BC: Battle of Chalcis — Chalcidians and their allies are defeated by Athens.429 BC: Battle of Naupactus — Phormio defeats the Peloponnesian fleet.429 BC: An outbreak of a plague kills over one-third of the population of Athens.429 BC: King Sitalkes of Thrace invades Macedonia.428 BC: Mytilene rebels against Athens but is crushed.428 BC: Sparta attempts to crush a rebellion on Corcyra, but cancels the effort when the Athenians try to intercept them.428 BC: The Greek colony of Cumae in Italy falls to the Samnites.427 BC: The leaders of the Mytilenian revolt are executed.427 BC: Platea surrenders to the Spartans, who execute over 200 prisoners and destroy the city.427 BC: The Athenians intervene in Sicily to blockade Sparta from the island.428 BC: The philosopher Plato is born.426 BC: Demosthenes unsuccessfully besieges the Corinthian colony of Leukas.426 BC: When Ambracia invades Acarnania, they seek help from the Spartans and Athenians respectively. The Athenians then defeat the Spartans in the Battle of Olpae.425 BC: Demosthenes captures the port of Pylos in the Peloponnesus.425 BC: The Athenians invade Sphacteria and defeat the Spartans in the Battle of Pylos.424 BC: Sicily withdraws from the war and expels every foreign power. Thus, Athens is forced to withdraw from the island.424 BC: The Athenians try to capture Megara, but are defeated by the Spartans.424 BC: The Spartan general Brasidas captures Amphipolis, which is a setback for Athens. Thucydides is held responsible for the Athenian failure and is ostracised. This gives him time to start writing his history book.423 BC: The Athenians propose a cease-fire, which the Spartan general Brasidas ignores.422 BC: The Spartans defeat the Athenians in the Battle of Amphipolis, where the Athenian Cleon and the Spartan Brasidas are both killed.421 BC: The Peace of Nicias puts a temporary end to the hostilities between Athens and Sparta.420 BC: Alicibiades is elected strategos of Athens and begins dominating Athenian politics.410s BC [ edit]419 BC: The Peace of Nicias is broken when Sparta defeats Argos.418 BC: The Spartans win a major victory over the Athenians in the Battle of Mantinea, the biggest land battle of the Peloponnesian War.416 BC: The Athenians capture the island of Melos and treat the inhabitants with great cruelty.416 BC: The Athenians adheres a plea of help from Sicily and starts planning an invasion of the island.415 BC: The sacred Hermae busts in Athens are mutilated just before the expedition to Sicily is sent away. One of the culprits, Andocides, is captured and is forced to turn informer. He names the other mutilators, among them Alcibiades, who are sentenced to death in their absence.415 BC: Alcibiades defects from Athens to Sparta after having learned about his death sentence.414 BC: The Athenians try to make a breakthrough in their siege of Syracuse but are defeated by the Spartans.413 BC: Demosthenes suggests the Athenians leave Syracuse in order to return to Athens, where help is needed. However, Nicias refuses and they are again defeated in battle by the Spartans. Both Demosthenes and Nicias are killed.413 BC: Caria allies itself with Sparta.412 BC: The Persian Empire starts preparing an invasion of Ionia and signs a treaty with Sparta about it.411 BC: The democracy in Athens is overthrown and replaced by the oligarchic Council of Four Hundred. This council is itself soon defeated and order is almost restored, when the Five Thousand start ruling. Early next year, they are also overthrown and the old democracy is restored.410 BC: Athens regains control over its vital grain route from the Black Sea by defeating Sparta in the Battle of Cyzicus.400s BC [ edit]409 BC: Athens recaptures Byzantium, thereby putting an end to its revolt against Athens and taking control of the whole Bosporus.409 BC: The city of Rhodes is founded.409 BC: The Carthaginians invade Sicily.408 BC: The Persian king, Darius II, decides to aid Sparta in the war and makes his son Cyrus a satrap. However, Cyrus starts collecting an army to benefit his own interests, rather than his father's.408 BC: Alcibiades returns to Athens in triumph after an absence of seven years.407 BC: The Athenian fleet is routed by the Spartan one in the Battle of Notium, which gives Alcibiades' opponents a reason to strip him of command. He never returns to Athens again.406 BC: Athens defeats Sparta in the Battle of Arginusae and the blockade of Conon is lifted.406 BC: Sparta sues for peace, but Athens rejects this.406 BC: The Carthaginians once again invade Sicily and return to Carthage with spoils of war, but also with the plague.405 BC: The Spartan king Pausanias lays siege to Athens, which makes the city start starving.405 BC: Dionysius the Elder rises to power in Syracuse. He signs a peace with Carthage and starts consolidating and expanding his influence. April 25, 404 BC: Athens surrenders to Sparta, ending the Peloponnesian War. Sparta introduces an oligarchic system, the Thirty Tyrants, in Athens.404 BC: Egypt rebels against Persian rule.403 BC: Some exiled Athenians return to fight the Thirty Tyrants and restore democracy in Athens. They are, however, narrowly defeated by the Spartans in the Battle of Piraeus. After this, the Spartan king Pausanias allows democracy to be restored in Athens.403 BC: Thrasybulus restores the Athenian democracy and grants an almost general amnesty.403 BC: The Athenians adopt the Ionian alphabet.401 BC: Cyrus the Younger rebels against the Persian king Artaxerxes II but is, however, eventually slain in battle.400 BC: After Cyrus has been killed, his Greek mercenaries make their way back to Greece, where Sparta is so impressed with their feats in and march through Persia that they declare war on the Persians.400 BC: The Carthaginians occupy Malta.400 BC: The Egyptians successfully revolt against Persian rule.400 BC: London has its origins as far back as this time.400 BC: Jōmon period ends in Ancient Japan. Significant people [ edit]Themistocles Leonidas IXerxes IPericles Sophocles Aristophanes Pindar Hippocrates Herodotus Parmenides Socrates Agesilaus II, King of Sparta Alcibiades, Athenian general and politician Alexander I, King of Macedonia Aristides, Athenian statesman Artabanus of Persia, Regent King for Artaxerxes IArtaxerxes II, King of Persia Aspasia of Miletus, Mistress of Pericles of Athens Brasidas, Spartan general Marcus Furius Camillus, Roman statesman Cimon, Athenian statesman Cleon, Athenian statesman Lucius Quinctius Cincinnatus, Roman statesman Gaius Marcius Coriolanus, Roman general Darius II, King of Persia Dionysius, tyrant of Syracuse Ephialtes, betrayer of Greece at the Battle of Thermopylae Fan Li, Chinese advisor King Fuchai of Wu, King of the state of Wu King Goujian of Yue, King of Yue King Kao of Zhou, King of the Zhou Dynasty of China Leonidas I, King of Sparta Lu Ban, Chinese engineer and inventor Lysander, Spartan general and admiral Mardonius, Persian general Marquess Wen of Wei, Chinese ruler of the state of Wei Miltiades, Athenian general Pausanias, Spartan general Pericles, Athenian politician Pleistarchus, King of Sparta King Porus, King of Paurava, fought against Alexander at the Battle of Hydaspes Themistocles, Athenian statesman and general King Weilie of Zhou, King of the Zhou Dynasty Wu Zixu, Chinese general and politician Verginia, Legendary victim of the decemviri Xerxes I, King of Persia Xi Shi, Chinese beauty King Zhending of Zhou, King of the Zhou Dynasty of China Visual arts [ edit]Agatharchus, Greek painter Callicrates, Greek architect Douris, Greek red-figure vase painter and potter Euphronios, Greek vase painter and potter Hippodamus of Miletus, Greek architect Ictinus, Greek architect Paeonius, Greek sculptor Parrhasius, Greek painter Phidias, Greek sculptor, painter and architect Polygnotus, Greek painter Polykleitos, Greek sculptor Kresilas, Greek sculptor Kritios, Greek sculptor Mnesikles, Greek architect Myron of Eleutherae, Greek sculptor Zeuxis, Greek painter Literature [ edit]Aeschylus, Greek playwright Aristophanes, Greek playwright Bacchylides, Greek lyric poet. Cratinus Greek comic poet and playwright Critias, Greek author Diagoras of Melos, Greek poet and sophist Euripides, Greek playwright Isocrates, Greek orator Philoxenus of Cythera, Greek dithyrambic poet Pindar, Greek poet Simonides of Ceos, Greek lyric poet Sophocles, Greek playwright Science and philosophy [ edit]Anaxagoras, Greek philosopher Democritus, Greek philosopher Gautama Buddha, Indian philosopher and fouder of Buddhism Gorgias, Greek sophist, philosopher and rhetorician Empedocles, Greek philosopher Eudoxus of Cnidus, Greek mathematician Heraclitus, Greek philosopher Herodotus, Greek historian Hippias of Elis, Greek sophist Hippocrates, Greek physician Mozi, Chinese philosopher Panini, Hindu grammarian Parmenides of Elea, Greek philosopher Protagoras, Greek philosopher Prodicus, Greek philosopher Socrates, Greek philosopher Thucydides, Greek historian Zengzi, student of Confucius, wrote Great Learning Zeno of Elea, Greek philosopher Sports [ edit]Astylos of Croton, Greek runner Dandes of Argos, Greek runner Diagoras of Rhodes, Greek boxer Polydamas of Skotoussa, Greek pankratiast Xenophon of Corinth, Greek runner Inventions, discoveries, introductions [ edit]Cast iron is first used in the Chinese Kingdom of Wu with the innovation of the blast furnace, and soon becomes widespread for agricultural tools and weapons during the Warring States. Trebuchet catapult is first used by followers of the Chinese philosopher Mozi. The Greeks invent the Anchor with flukes. The Greeks start to use shear-leg cranes for construction and loading of ships. The Greeks invent linear perspective. The Greeks develop an indirect lost wax process for casting bronze. The Chinese hydraulic engineer Ximen Bao (西門豹) oversees an enormous canal system for agricultural irrigation, while employed by Marquis Wen of Wei (文侯) ( 445 BC – 396 BC ). The Chinese philosopher Li Kui writes the Book of Law (Fajing, 法经) in 407 BC, the basis for the law codes of the following Qin Dynasty and partially that of the Han Dynasty. Scholars commonly accept that the Hindu text the Bhagavad Gita was written. Creation of the Berlin Foundry Cup (early 5th century). The oldest known Maya Calendar Sovereign states [ edit]See: List of sovereign states in the 5th century BC. Decades and years [ edit] [ show]v t e Decades and years [ show]v t e Centuries and millennia References [ edit]Categories:1st millennium BC 5th century BC Centuries "


what is the weaving machine called

Weaving Machine: Weaving Machines (Loom): Figure 8: Cross sectional of the weaving loom. The cross sectional of weaving loom shows the main parts in the loom and the flow from the warp yarn inserting start from the weaver beam through weaving area and finally the fabric done wound onto the cloth roller.

3. Weaving

3. Weaving WEAVINGWeaving is one of the processes that required in textile in terms of producing a fabric. From the fiber then become a yarn through some other process, weaving is a process of interlacing two types of yarn known as warp or ends (run parallel to the weaving machine known as loom) and weft or filling yarn (run perpendicular to the loom) to produce a rigid fabric. [1]Figure 1: Interlacement of warp and weft yarn In order to interlace the warp and weft yarn, there are three operations which often called primary motions are necessary: Shedding- The process of separating the warp yarn into two layers by raising the harness to form an open area between two sets of warps and known as shed. [3]Figure 2: Shedding process Picking- The process of inserting the filling yarn through the shed by the means of the shuttleless while the shed is opening. [3]Figure 3: Picking process Beating- The process of pushing the filling yarn into the already woven fabric at a point known as the fell and done by the reed. [3]Figure 4: Beating process To continue the weaving process, there are also two additional operations are essential: Warp control (let-off)- The motion that deliver warp yarn to the weaving area at the required rate and at suitable constant tension by unwinding it from the warp beam. Cloth control (take-up)- The motion that withdraws the fabric from the weaving area at the constant rate that will give the required pick-spacing and then winds it onto a roller. [3]THE PRINCIPLES OF WEAVING PROCESSYarn Requirements: Warp Yarns must be strong enough to withstand greater stress and abrasion during weaving. Yarn wound onto the warp beam from single packages Yarn strengthened and lubricated through sizing process Yarn smoothness increased through sizing materials Yarn elongation and flexibility must be sustained [2&3]Weft Yarn must be wound properly on a suitable package for high speed unwinding. Yarn will be carried by shuttle that made up of wood which the pirn (hold the weft) is placed. [2&3]Weaving preparations: Warping- A process of transfer the warp yarn from the single yarn packages to an even sheet of yarn representing hundreds of ends and then wound onto a warp beam. [3]Figure 5: Warping process Sizing/slashing- A process to give the strength to the yarn make it smoother and lubricate it (no effect on subsequent process or resulting fabric), also reduce the abrasion by give it through the section of the slasher. [3]Figure 6: Sizing process Draw-in- A process of draw every warp yarns through its dropper, headle eyes and reed dent. [3]Figure 7: Draw-in process Tie-in- A process of tying each of a new beam to its corresponding end of the old beam when mass producing the same fabric. [3]Loom Timing: There are two types of loom timing in weaving process which are filament yarn timing and staple yarn timing. Loom timing is commonly in primary motions that involve in shedding, picking and beating process. It is sensible to make the period time of heald-shaft dwell coincide as nearly as possible with the passage of the shuttle. There are the timing period for each of the process done in the loom. The different between the two loom timing is the time of the dwell happen. The dwell is refer to the maximum opening of the shed in shedding process to let the weft inserted through it. [1]

Based on the cross sectional, some process in weaving are taking place such as shedding, picking and beating process. There are also let-off and take-up motions take place. [3]The classification of the weaving machinery: Hand Looms : This kind of loom still used relatively large quantities for the production of all types of fabrics in the less-developed countries. Non-automatic Power Loom: These machines are being used in ever-decreasing numbers, especially in the developed countries, but they seem likely to retain a certain usefulness in the production of specialist fabrics. Conventional Automatic Loom: The machines that gained world-wide popularity because of their advantages of versatility and relative cheapness. Circular Loom: They are strictly limited in their applications, but they do achieve the ideal of high weft-insertion rates from relatively low shuttle speeds because insertion of the weft is continuous. [1]Steps in the action of the insertion of warp and weft yarns in loom to form a fabric: Figure 9: Steps of inserting warp and weft yarn in weaving loom The formation of shed by separating the warp yarns into two layers to create space to allow the shuttle to passing. As the shed form, the shuttle carry the filling yarn is projected through it or we call as picking process. Then, the beating take place to push the filling yarn to the woven fabric or fell. The positions of the warp yarns are reversed to reform the shed and process is repeated with shuttle travels in the opposite direction. [2]Conclusion: As the conclusion, weaving is a necessary process in fabric manufacturing. Weaving process known as the process of forming a rigid fabric by interlacing the warp and weft yarn. It also can produce a good end products with smoothness, less hairiness and strength characteristics of fabric because it has weaving preparation process. While learning weaving, we could know how the fabric produced and there are some weave structures that we can create. So, enjoying study this subject in you will know more about it and beside that exploring the textile world. Refferencess: [1] R. Marks, F. T. I., Principle Lecturer, Bolton Institute of Technology & A. T. C. Robinson, M. Sc. Tech., F. T. I., Former Head of the Department of Textiles, Bolton Institute of Technology, The Textile Institute Manchester, 1976. Principle Of Weaving, pages 1 & 8. [2] Billie J. Collier, University of Tennessee & Phyllis G. Tortora, Queens College. Understanding Textiles, (Sixth Edition), pages 279,280,281 &282. [3] Lecturer’s note, Miss Atiyyah Musa, Weaving 1. Advertisements Share this: Twitter Facebook Like Be the first to like this.


how long can have hospice care

Hospice care is for a terminally ill person who's expected to have six months or less to live. This doesn't mean that hospice care will be provided only for six months, however. Hospice care can be provided for as long as the person's doctor and hospice care team certify that the condition remains life-limiting. Hospice care isn't just for people who have cancer. Many people who receive hospice care have cancer, while others have heart disease, dementia, kidney failure or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

Hospice care: Comforting the terminally ill Hospice care might be an option if you or a loved one has a terminal illness. Understand how hospice care works and how to select a program. By Mayo Clinic Staff If you or a loved one has a terminal illness and you've exhausted all treatment options, you might consider hospice care. Find out how hospice care works and how it can provide comfort and support to you or your loved one, as well as to your family and friends.

What is hospice care? Hospice care is for people who are nearing the end of life. Hospice care services are provided by a team of health care professionals who maximize comfort for a person who is terminally ill by reducing pain and addressing physical, psychological, social and spiritual needs.

To help families, hospice care also provides counseling, respite care and practical support. Unlike other medical care, the focus of hospice care isn't to cure the underlying disease. The goal of hospice care is to support the highest quality of life possible for whatever time remains. Who can benefit from hospice care?

Enrolling in hospice care early helps patients live better and live longer. Hospice care decreases the burden on the family, decreases the family's likelihood of having a complicated bereavement and prepares family members for their loved one's death. In addition, there is a unique benefit of hospice that allows a patient to be cared for at a facility for a period of time, not because the patient needs it, but because the family caregiver needs a rest in order to continue to care for his or her loved one. This is known as respite care. Where is hospice care provided? Most hospice care is provided at home — with a family member typically serving as the primary caregiver. However, hospice care is also available at hospitals, nursing homes, assisted living facilities and dedicated hospice facilities. Keep in mind that no matter where hospice care is provided, sometimes it's necessary to be admitted to a hospital. For instance, if a symptom can't be adequately managed by the hospice care team in a home setting, a hospital stay might be needed. Next Share Tweet Jan. 28, 2016References See more In-depth Products and Services Book: Mayo Clinic Guide to Stress-Free Living Book: Mayo Clinic on Healthy Aging See also Caring for a dying loved one Home care services Living wills Terminal illness


meaning of faint of heart

d Definition of faint of heart: lacking the courage to face something difficult or dangerous — usually used in the phrase not for the faint of heart This is a difficult climb that is not for the faint of heart.

faint of heart

faint of heartidiom Popularity: Bottom 10% of words Trending Now:oligarch glib depose omnibus acrimony ALLTime Traveler! Explore the year a word first appeare

Word by Word Definitionsfaintplay: lacking courage and spirit: cowardly: weak, dizzy, and likely to faint: lacking strength or vigor: performed, offered, or accomplished weakly or languidly: to lose courage or spirit: to become weak: to lose consciousness because of a temporary decrease in the blood supply to the brain: the physiological action of fainting See the full definition of faintheartplay: a hollow muscular organ of vertebrate animals that by its rhythmic contraction acts as a force pump maintaining the circulation of the blood: a structure in an invertebrate animal functionally analogous to the vertebrate heart: breast, bosom: love:2: hearten: to fix in the heart See the full definition of heart Seen and Heard What made you want to look up faint of heart? Please tell us where you read or heard it (including the quote, if possible).show


what types of walls are used on strip foundations

Strip foundation is a continuous concrete strip on which load bearing walls are built centrally. This represents a level base for the walls and its dimensions must be sufficient to allocate the load imparted to the foundation to subsoil area capable of supporting the building weight without excessive compaction.

Strip foundation as a reasonable solution for a residential house

"How to build a house > Foundation

Today, for foundations developers mainly use concrete as it is easy to place, spread and level in the foundation trench. Due to its ability to harden concrete creates a basis for walls and develops proper compressive strength to support the foundations’ load. Previously, strip foundations were made of brick. They were installed directly onto firm subsoil or erected on a bed laid of natural stones. What is strip foundation width? It is predetermined by the bearing capacity of soils and by the alleged load. The greater load bearing capacity of the soil is the less the foundation width is needed for the same design. If the strip foundation should be built on a sloping area, you will probably need to create a stepped structure. In order to properly step the foundation, total thickness of the top part of the foundation should be double the step height; or it must equal to 12 inches, if greater. To avoid possible need to cut blocks or bricks as well as to ensure stability of the future wall, the brickwork or blockwork performed later on is to tie in directly at the step. Deep strip foundation is known as the most used type and it is the cheapest method when the soil conditions are appropriate. A strip of reinforced concrete supports the walls. Depth of the trench can range, although it should be at least 40 inches deep 24 inches wide. The minimal depth of concrete should be 9 inches. The foundation width is determined by the specifics of soil but the conventional minimum is 18 inches. However, your builder is likely to specify 24 inches; this is a conventional width applied for construction of two-storey houses. Wide strip foundation. Foundation structures built on subsoils that have poor bearing capacity, for instance, soft sandy clays, must be significantly wider than the traditional strip foundations as it is necessary to allocate the load to a greater area of subsoil for higher stability. Excessive increasing of the width and depth of the structure in order to prevent wall shearing is not economically grounded. A reasonable option is to build a foundation using reinforced concrete. Reinforcing bars add tensile property to the foundation making the whole structure capable of withstanding tension and compression affect. Advantages and disadvantages of strip foundations Strip foundation has both positive and negative qualities. The positive may include simplicity of design, the possibility to build the foundation without expensive tools as well as its long-term operation. The negative qualities consist in a comparatively low durability, high cost in the final stages of construction (you must perform additional manual work, such as filling soil between the strips and its leveling, building floor and so on), inability to make monolithic binding of the floor to the basement. Strip Footing Volume Your browser does not currently recognize any of the video formats available. Click here to visit our frequently asked questions about HTML5 video.0:00 / 8:55When can a strip foundation be used? You can look through the building regulations to find out conditions under which strip foundation can be used. Note the following in detail: When planning the construction, consider the required width of the foundation strip denoted in building regulations. The concrete solution should meet the requirements of compatibility with the soil chemicals. The thickness of the concrete strip should equal to or exceed the projection of the external side of the wall, but not less than 6 inches. The step height shouldn’t exceed the thickness of the foundation. The foundation strip protrudes beyond the edge of piers, chimney forming side of the wall as much as it protrudes beyond the exterior surface of the wall. Partitioning Remove debris from the place and start partitioning by putting on the ground both external and internal borders of the future foundation. Use pegs or reinforcement bars and ropes. When marking is done, you should explore variations on the surface of the construction site and select the lowest point to refer to when marking depth of the trench and to eliminate difference in the foundation height. Preparation for construction of a strip foundation When the trench is ready, fill in a sandy base supplemented with gravel on the bottom. Foundation formwork is made of planed boards with a thickness of approximately 40-50 mm. When erecting the formwork, you should monitor its verticality all the time. The recommended projection of the frame above the ground is 12 inches. It is necessary to build a small base. The next step is building foundation reinforcement. Reinforcing bars with 10-12 mm section are bound with specifically designed binding wire so that the sides of square cells were equal to 12-16 inches. For the reinforcement you can use either steel or fiberglass reinforcing bars. When placing the reinforcement in the trench, watch indents from the edges. Optimum padding is 50 mm. In this case, the reinforcement will be most effectively located in the monolith. Pouring concrete strip foundation Pouring concrete is carried out immediately in the case of ready-mixed concrete or in layers, if the concrete is prepared independently. Preparation of concrete: cement is mixed with sieved river sand in the ratio of 1:2 – 1:2.5, and diluted with water to a liquid cream consistency, after which it is poured onto the prepared gravel. The amount of rubble corresponds to that of sand. Stir the mixture so that all the rubble got moistened with a solution. Pour the concrete into the prepared formwork. Pierce the concrete in several places using a metal bar and compact it with a wooden block to remove the remnants of the air from the voids. Pour the concrete to the level indicated on the formwork. Thus rattle the formwork from the outside for better slump of concrete. The top layer is aligned with a rule or trowel. Dust the concrete with sifted dry cement; you can do it through a sieve. This method lets top layer of concrete harden a bit and prevents its erosion and cracking. Cover the concrete with burlap or covering material and leave for 3-4 weeks. In dry weather, you need to moisten the top layer of concrete to prevent it from drying out. Strip Foundation and Ground Floor Construction Detail Your browser does not currently recognize any of the video formats available. Click here to visit our frequently asked questions about HTML5 video.0:00 / 28:10Strip Footing (Inverted ""T"" beam) Foundation Your browser does not currently recognize any of the video formats available. Click here to visit our frequently asked questions about HTML5 video.0:00 / 1:08Recommend: Types of house foundations. You might be interested in: How to build a raft foundation and its features Types of foundation piles and their functions Is it worth to choose a precast concrete foundation for your house? What issues can be solved with the help of pile foundations? Foundation reinforcement as a key step to solid structure of your home The grillage foundation - installation tips "


which therapy is most likely to be effective in treating patients with eating disorders?

int Connecting feelings, thoughts and deeds: Cognitive Behavior Therapy and eating disorders Cognitive-behavioral therapy, or CBT, is the leading evidence-based treatment for adults with eating disorders and is also adapted for use with younger patients. It is based on the theory that a person’s thoughts, emotions, and behaviors are interconnected and can be restructured to support new, healthier thoughts and actions. Cognitive behavior therapy provides the foundation for individual and group therapies throughout all levels of care at the Center for Eating Disorders.

Home » Treatment & Support » Therapeutic Modalities » Cognitive Behavioral Therapy Share Pr

Structured treatment that focuses on the present and the future. The cognitive-behavioral model emphasizes the important role that both thoughts (cognitive) and actions (behavioral) can play in maintaining an eating disorder. Examples of maintaining factors include: Cognitive Factors ~ over-evaluation of weight and shape, negative body image, core beliefs about self-worth, negative self-evaluation, perfectionism Behavioral Factors ~ weight-control behaviors including dietary restraint, restriction, binge-eating, purging behaviors, self-harm, body checking and body avoidance Individuals with eating disorders often hold a negative or distorted view of themselves and their bodies. These highly critical thoughts can result in feelings of shame, anxiety or disgust that often trigger weight control behaviors and fuel a cycle of negative self-evaluation. Guided by a therapist, CBT helps the individual to examine which specific factors are maintaining their disorder and to set personalized goals that are addressed throughout the various phases of CBT. The phases of cognitive behavior therapy CBT stresses education and skills training that help the patient gain a thorough understanding of themselves and their eating disorder so that healing can occur. Three phases of CBT may unfold over the course of the inpatient, partial hospita l and IOP programs, and some or all of them may take place during outpatient therapy. Behavioral Phase: The patient and therapist work together to formulate a plan for stabilizing eating and eliminating symptoms. Because emotions often intensify during this phase of treatment, tools (coping strategies) for managing these feelings are developed and become an important part of the work. CBT includes in-session activities as well as “homework” so that new behaviors can be practiced. Cognitive Phase: As treatment progresses, cognitive restructuring techniques (e.g., techniques aimed at recognizing and changing problem thinking patterns) are introduced. Thoughts and beliefs that perpetuate the problems ( “I will only be happy if I can lose this weight”) are identified and work aimed at developing new perspectives and ideas ( “my self-worth doesn’t depend on my size or shape”) begins. Additionally, during this stage of treatment, broader concerns such as relationship problems, body image, self-esteem problems, and emotion regulation are addressed. Maintenance & Relapse Prevention Phase: The final stage of CBT concentrates on reducing triggers, preventing relapse and maintaining the progress that’s been made. Even though CBT is focused on the elimination of symptoms, the overall goal of the treatment is to assist the patient in making their return to a healthy and fulfilling life. So, very often, once symptoms are stabilized, treatment will expand to include other areas of concern and conflict that can help individuals move towards holistic healing and emotional well-being. CBT is an important part of the recovery process As stated before, CBT provides the therapeutic foundation upon which each individual’s treatment is then personalized and tailored to meet specific needs. As the preferred first line of treatment for eating disorders, CBT is incorporated into all treatment modalities and levels of care at the Center. Additional personalized goals and specific therapy tracks are integrated based on specific input from the patient and informed feedback from his or her treatment team. If you’re interested in reading about other evidence-based treatment approaches provided at The Center for Eating Disorders, please click on the links below: Dialectic Behavior Therapy (DBT)Family-Based Treatment (FBT) for children and adolescents Motivation to Change Therapy Specialized Treatment Tracks for co-occurring trauma and substance abuse disorders


what is a cwe

Overview - What Is CWE? Targeted to developers and security practitioners, the Common Weakness Enumeration (CWE) is a formal list of software weakness types created to: Serve as a common language for describing software security weaknesses in architecture, design, or code. Serve as a standard measuring stick for software security tools targeting these weaknesses.

About CWE

"About CWEOverview | Process | Sources | Glossary | Documents | FAQs

Provide a common baseline standard for weakness identification, mitigation, and prevention efforts. Back to top Introduction Some Common Types of Software Weaknesses: Buffer Overflows, Format Strings, Etc. Structure and Validity Problems Common Special Element Manipulations Channel and Path Errors Handler Errors User Interface Errors Pathname Traversal and Equivalence Errors Authentication Errors Resource Management Errors Insufficient Verification of Data Code Evaluation and Injection Randomness and Predictability Organizations want assurance that the software products they acquire and develop are free of known types of security flaws. Today, high-quality tools and services for finding security flaws and weaknesses in code are new and the question of which tool/service is appropriate/better for a particular job is hard to answer given the lack of structure and definition in the code assessment industry. CWE was created specifically to address these problems. MITRE began working on the issue of categorizing software weaknesses as early 1999 when it launched the CVE List. As part of the development of CVE MITRE's CVE Team developed a preliminary classification and categorization of vulnerabilities, attacks, faults, and other concepts to help define common software weaknesses. However, while sufficient for CVE those groupings are too rough to be used to identify and categorize the functionality offered within the offerings of the code security assessment industry. To support that type of usage additional fidelity and succinctness are needed, as are additional details and description for each of the different nodes and groupings such as the effects, behaviors, and implementation details, etc. To do this MITRE took a first cut at revising the internal CVE category work for usage in the code assessment industry in 2005 as part of MITRE's participation in the U. S. Department of Homeland Security (DHS) sponsored National Institute of Technology (NIST) Software Assurance Metrics and Tool Evaluation (SAMATE) project. Our resulting document, entitled Preliminary List Of Vulnerability Examples for Researchers (PLOVER), was a working document that lists over 1,500 diverse, real-world examples of vulnerabilities, identified by their CVE name. The vulnerabilities in PLOVER are organized within a detailed conceptual framework that currently enumerates 290 individual types of software weaknesses, idiosyncrasies, faults, and flaws, with a large number of real-world vulnerability examples for each. PLOVER represented the first attempt at a truly bottom-up effort to take real-world observed faults and flaws that do exist in code, abstract them and group them into common classes representing more general potential vulnerabilities that could exist in code, and then finally to organize them in an appropriate relative structure so as to make them accessible and useful to a diverse set of audiences for a diverse set of purposes. The next step after PLOVER was to establish acceptable definitions and descriptions of these common weaknesses by the community under the NIST SAMATE project, which led to the creation of the ""Common Weakness Enumeration"" list and associated classification taxonomy. The CWE List now serves as a mechanism for describing code vulnerability assessment capabilities in terms of their coverage of the different CWEs. Back to top Why CWEThe Challenge Software acquirers want assurance that the software products they are obtaining are reviewed for known types of security flaws, and the acquisition groups in large government and private organizations are moving forward to use these types of reviews as part of future contracts. However, the tools and services that can be used for this type of review are new at best and there are no nomenclature, taxonomies, or standards to define the capabilities and coverage of these tools and services. This makes it difficult to comparatively decide which tool/service is best suited for a particular job. What is needed is a standard list and classification of software security weaknesses to serve as a unifying language of discourse and a measuring stick for tools and services. The Solution CWE is a community-developed formal list of common software weaknesses. It serves as a common language for describing software security weaknesses, a standard measuring stick for software security tools targeting these vulnerabilities, and as a baseline standard for weakness identification, mitigation, and prevention efforts. Leveraging the diverse thinking on this topic from academia, the commercial sector, and government, CWE unites the most valuable breadth and depth of content and structure to serve as a unified standard. Our objective is to help shape and mature the code security assessment industry and also dramatically accelerate the use and utility of software assurance capabilities for organizations in reviewing the software systems they acquire or develop. As discussed above, we leveraged MITRE's PLOVER effort as a starting point for the creation of the formal Common Weakness Enumeration. Not only does CWE encompass a large portion of the CVE List's 15,000 CVE names, but it also includes detail, breadth and classification structure from a diverse set of other industry and academic sources and examples including the Mc Graw/Fortify ""Kingdoms"" taxonomy; Howard, Le Blanc & Viega's 19 Deadly Sins; and Secure Software's CLASP project; among others. CWE's definitions and descriptions support the finding of these common types of software security flaws in code prior to fielding. This means both users and developers of software assurance tools and services now have a mechanism for describing each of the industry's software security flaw code assessment capabilities in terms of their coverage of the different CWEs. If necessary, CWE can also be scoped to specific languages, frameworks, platforms, and machine architectures. CWE Compatibility Beyond the creation of the CWE List and associated classification tree for the reasons described above, a further end-goal of this effort is to take the findings and results of this work and use them as the foundation of a CWE Compatibility Program that can be directly used by organizations in their selection and evaluation of tools and/or services for assessing their acquired software for known types of weaknesses. Back to top Related Efforts Several additional efforts are currently ongoing targeted at resolving some of the other shortcomings in software assurance, including NIST's SAMATE project as mentioned above; the U. S. Department of Defense (DOD)-sponsored Code Assessment Methodology Project (CAMP) that is part of the Protection of Vital Data (POVD) effort being conducted by Concurrent Technologies Corporation (CTC); the Object Management Group (OMG) Software Assurance (Sw A) Special Interest Group (SIG); and the work of the International Organization for Standardization/International Electrotechnical Commission (ISO/IEC) Joint Technical Committee 1/Subcommittee 22 (JTC 1/SC22) Other Working Group (OWG): Vulnerabilities working group tasked with ISO project 22.24772; among others. While these efforts are well placed, timely in their objectives, and will surely yield high value in the end, they would all benefit from a common description of the underlying security weaknesses in software that they are targeted to resolve. Without such a common description—that is, CWE—these efforts cannot move forward in a meaningful fashion or be aligned and integrated with each other to provide strategic value. Most past efforts at developing such a capability have been limited by a very narrow technical domain focus or have largely focused on high-level theories, taxonomies, or schemes that do not reach the level of detail or variety of security issues that are found in today's software products. CWE is intended to address all of these concerns and will only enhance the usefulness of SAMATE, CAMP, OMG, and other such efforts. Back to top Contact Us To discuss the CWE effort in general, the impacts and transition opportunities noted above, or any other questions or concerns, please email us at cwe@mitre.org. Back to top "


what causes sharp and stabbing pains in head and ear

es. Causes of Shooting Type Sharp Head Pain Neuralgia is another word for Shooting Sharp Head Pains. Sharp Shooting Pains in the Head affect any of the named nerves in the head. The worst and most common disorder is Trigeminal Neuralgia. The other neuralgias are: Occipital Neuralgia – shooting pain in the back of the head

What Causes Sharp Head Pain?

What Causes Sharp Head Pain? Usually Ice-Pick Headaches An ice pick headache feels like this has been stabbed into your head. Sharp head pain happens to 2% of people each year. The most common cause of sharp head pain is called ‘Ice-Pick Headache’. Nothing provokes these sharp headaches and they are away as quick as they came. Sometimes there is a mild lingering dull sensation afterwards for a few minutes. Your first step is knowing that you are safe. Then you can do whatever it takes to get control. I’ve written a guide to help you get in control of headaches.4 meanings of Sharp Head Pain

The phrase ‘sharp head pain’ can mean different things to different people – here’s 4 meanings I encounter in my clinics. Stabbing or Knife-like pain Sharp may mean a stabbing pain in the head, like someone has taken a knife or needle and rammed it into the skull.

An example is Ice-Pick Headache. Sudden and Severe Some people say ‘sharp pain’ but describe a sudden severe headache not a sensation of being struck with a knife or needle. A sudden severe headache requires urgent medical attention, whereas Ice-Pick Headache does not. Bad or Intense The other meaning of sharp that people use is to mean an intense bad headache. If you use “sharp” to mean a severe headache usually the problem is Migraine Headaches. Shooting In this instance, sharp means a brief shooting feeling called Neuralgia. Causes of Knife-like Sharp Head Pain Sharp Head Pains (Knife-like)These conditions are confused with Ice-Pick Headaches:

Cervicogenic Headache: Most people with cervicogenic headache have a pressure or throbbing sensation on one side of the head. Brief stabs of pain are common in people with Cervicogenic Headache. Trigeminal Neuralgia can cause sharp head pains involving the lower part of the face. Trigeminal Neuralgia: This sudden stabbing or shooting pain affects your cheek or jaw. Touch or movement trigger this intense sharp head pain. The pain is in the eye or forehead in very few cases. The pain is brief, and Carbamazepine is the drug of choice. Trigeminal Autonomic Headaches: These headaches are very brief – often sharp – head pains accompanied by ‘autonomic activation’.

Autonomic Activation means watering of the eye, a stuffy nose, reddening of the white of the eye, or swelling around the eye or face. Most of these headaches respond very well to strong anti-inflammatories such as Indometacin. Cluster Headache People with Cluster Headache get sharp head pains. These can occur just as a Cluster Headache is starting, during an attack and can occur between attacks. A Cluster Headache is a monstrous pain in or around one eye, accompanied by ‘Autonomic Activation’. The drugs that work best are High Flow Oxygen, Subcutaneous Sumatriptan and Verapamil. Paroxysmal Hemicrania: These are also sharp eye pains, although people will describe claw-like sharp pain, boring and throbbing sensations. An attack lasts 2-30 minutes. Roughly half of people pace the floor like people with cluster headache do. Some people with Paroxysmal Hemicrania lie still like people with Migraine. This headache responds to strong anti-inflammatories – classically Indometacin. SUNCT Syndrome: S = Sudden, U = Unilateral (one-sided), N = Neuralgiform headache, C = Conjunctival injection (reddening of the white of the eye), T = Tears. Each individual pain spike in SUNCT last from 5 seconds to 5 minutes. Pain is excruciating, shock-like, pricking, piercing or burning. Sharp Head Pains can come in runs lasting up to 20 minutes. There are also people who will have up to 3 hours of moderate background pain with very frequent spikes of pain on top of this. SUNCT Syndrome is difficult to treat. Lamotrigine has a small chance of reducing the pain of SUNCT. Paroxysmal Extreme Pain Syndrome (PEPS)PEPS can cause bouts of severe sharp eye pain. In PEPS there are also bouts of jaw or rectal pain. Flushing of the skin of face or bottom occurs. Paroxysmal Extreme Pain Syndrome runs in families due to a problem with the Sodium Ion Channel Gene (SCN9A). Nummular Headache This causes pain in a localised area of the scalp (“nummular” means coin). The pain can be dull, and pressure-like, which leads to a mis-diagnosis of tension-headache. Inside this area of dull headache, sharp head pains occur. The scalp is tender at the site of pain, and a small circular area of hair loss can appear in the painful area. Some people who have Shingles (Herpes Zoster Reactivation) affecting the scalp experience nummular headach

Supra-orbital Neuralgia – shooting pains above one eye – sometimes due to a tight pair of goggles or helmet. Auriculotemporal Neuralgia – shooting pains in front of the ear and up the side of the head Nervus Intermedius Neuralgia – a deep shooting pain inside the ear or back of throat Sphenopalatine Neuralgia – shooting pain in the back of the throat Infra-orbital Neuralgia – shooting pain under one eye Glossopharyngeal Neuralgia – severe shooting pain in the throat provoked by swallowing Superior Laryngeal Neuralgia – severe shooting throat pain Naso-ciliary Neuralgia – sharp pain over the tip of the nose Third Occipital Neuralgia – sharp pains in the back of head and top of neck Sharp Head Pain Provoked by Cough, Exercise, Sleep, Sex or Cold Temperature Sometimes “sharp pain” describes a pain provoked by a particular action. Ice-Pick Headaches are unprovoked. Here are the provoked sharp head pains: Cough Headache This headache is exclusively provoked by coughing. The pain is sharp, bursting or stabbing and affects both sides of the head. Chiari Malformation is the most common cause found. Exertional Headache Exertional Headache is described as an explosive or pulsating headache. However it may be described as “sharp”. Sinus disease, Subarachnoid Haemorrhage and raised intracranial pressure are causes of exertional headache. Angina can cause an exercise induced headache called Cardiac Cephalalgia. However, most people with exertional headache do not have a cause identified. Always investigate an Exertional Headache – ideally with an MRI of Head. Hypnic Headache Hypnic Headache wakens you from sleep. Going to bed, you are is pain free, only to be woken at the same time every night. The pain of Hypnic Headache is intense, diffuse and lasts anything from 30 to 180 minutes. If you fall asleep after an episode of Hypnic Headache you may be woken again later by another attack. Lithium Carbonate is the drug of choice 70% responding. Caffeine helps many people with Hypnic Headaches. Headaches During Sex Headaches during sex build up as sexual often described as a sharp head pain. A serious cause such as subarachnoid haemorrhage needs to be ruled out after a first episode of orgasmic headache. The most common cause is Reversible Cerebral Vasoconstriction Syndrome (RCVS), which causes bouts of painful spasm of arteries in the brain. RCVS takes several weeks or months to resolve. Brain Freeze Eating ice-cream or an iced drink induces intense sharp head pain as every school child knows. The technical term is ‘cold-stimulus headache’ which is more common in people with migraine. What to do about Sharp Head Pain In most cases you have Ice-Pick Headaches, and in the background lurks Migraine, Tension-Type Headache or Cluster Headache. If you have any of these three headaches you manage these headaches in a standard manner and the sharp head pains usually reduce. If you are free from rarer headaches, and do not suffer Migraine, Tension-Type Headache or Cluster Headache, it is likely you have Ice-Pick Headache. At worst you may need strong painkillers prescribed by your doctor. If you struggle with headaches you need to know that you are safe – it’s your first step to getting control. Once you know you are safe the best I can offer is that you consider these simple steps to help you get in control.


what is on the outside of dna

The sugar-phosphate backbone is on the outside and the four different bases are on the inside of the DNA molecule. The two strands of the double helix are anti-parallel, which means that they run in opposite directions.

"The Discovery of the Molecular Structure of DNA - The Double Helix A Scientific Breakthrough The sentence ""This structure has novel features which are of considerable biological interest"" may be one of science's most famous understatements. It appeared in April 1953 in the scientific paper where James Watson and Francis Crick presented the structure of the DNA-helix, the molecule that carries genetic information from one generation to the other. Nine years later, in 1962, they shared the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine with Maurice Wilkins, for solving one of the most important of all biological riddles. Half a century later, important new implications of this contribution to science are still coming to light. What is DNA? The work of many scientists paved the way for the exploration of DNA. Way back in 1868, almost a century before the Nobel Prize was awarded to Watson, Crick and Wilkins, a young Swiss physician named Friedrich Miescher, isolated something no one had ever seen before from the nuclei of cells. He called the compound ""nuclein."" This is today called nucleic acid, the ""NA"" in DNA (deoxyribo-nucleic-acid) and RNA (ribo-nucleic-acid). Francis Crick and James Watson, 1953. Photo: Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Archives Maurice Wilkins. Two years earlier, the Czech monk Gregor Mendel, had finished a series of experiments with peas. His observations turned out to be closely connected to the finding of nuclein. Mendel was able to show that certain traits in the peas, such as their shape or color, were inherited in different packages. These packages are what we now call genes. For a long time the connection between nucleic acid and genes was not known. But in 1944 the American scientist Oswald Avery managed to transfer the ability to cause disease from one strain of bacteria to another. But not only that: the previously harmless bacteria could also pass the trait along to the next generation. What Avery had moved was nucleic acid. This proved that genes were made up of nucleic acid. Solving the Puzzle In the late 1940's, the members of the scientific community were aware that DNA was most likely the molecule of life, even though many were skeptical since it was so ""simple."" They also knew that DNA included different amounts of the four bases adenine, thymine, guanine and cytosine (usually abbreviated A, T, G and C), but nobody had the slightest idea of what the molecule might look like. In order to solve the elusive structure of DNA, a couple of distinct pieces of information needed to be put together. One was that the phosphate backbone was on the outside with bases on the inside; another that the molecule was a double helix. It was also important to figure out that the two strands run in opposite directions and that the molecule had a specific base pairing. As in the solving of other complex problems, the work of many people was needed to establish the full picture. The original DNA model by Watson and Crick. Photo: Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Archives Using X-rays to See Through DNAWatson and Crick used stick-and-ball models to test their ideas on the possible structure of DNA. Other scientists used experimental methods instead. Among them were Rosalind Franklin and Maurice Wilkins, who were using X-ray diffraction to understand the physical structure of the DNA molecule. When you shine X-rays on any kind of crystal – and some biological molecules, such as DNA, can form crystals if treated in certain ways – the invisible rays bounce off the sample. The rays then create complex patterns on photographic film. By looking at the patterns, it is possible to figure out important clues about the structures that make up the crystal. ""Photograph 51"". X-ray diffraction photo of a DNA molecule, structure B. Photo: Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Archives A Three-Helical Structure? The scientist Linus Pauling was eager to solve the mystery of the shape of DNA. In 1954 he became a Nobel Laureate in Chemistry for his ground-breaking work on chemical bonds and the structure of molecules and crystals. In early 1953 he had published a paper where he proposed a triple-helical structure for DNA. Watson and Crick had also previously worked out a three-helical model, in 1951. But their theory was wrong. Their mistake was partly based on Watson having misremembered a talk by Rosalind Franklin where she reported that she had established the water content of DNA by using X-ray crystallographic methods. But Watson did not take notes, and remembered the numbers incorrectly. Instead, it was Franklin's famous ""photograph 51"" that finally revealed the helical structure of DNA to Watson and Crick in 1953. This picture of DNA that had been crystallized under moist conditions shows a fuzzy X in the middle of the molecule, a pattern indicating a helical structure. Model of the alpha helix, 1951. Photo: Oregon State University's Special Collections Specific Base-Pairing The base-pairing mystery had been partly solved by the biochemist Erwin Chargoff some years earlier. In 1949 he showed that even though different organisms have different amounts of DNA, the amount of adenine always equals the amount of thymine. The same goes for the pair guanine and cytosine. For example, human DNA contains about 30 percent each of adenine and thymine, and 20 percent each of guanine and cytosine. With this information at hand Watson was able to figure out the pairing rules. On the 21st of February 1953 he had the key insight, when he saw that the adenine-thymine bond was exactly as long as the cytosine-guanine bond. If the bases were paired in this way, each rung of the twisted ladder in the helix would be of equal length, and the sugar-phosphate backbone would be smooth. Structure Shows Action""It has not escaped our notice that the specific pairing we have postulated immediately suggests a possible copying mechanism for the genetic material"" wrote Watson and Crick in the scientific paper that was published in Nature, April 25, 1953. This was indeed a breakthrough in the study of how genetic material passes from generation to generation. Once the model was established, its mere structure hinted that DNA was indeed the carrier of the genetic code and thus the key molecule of heredity, developmental biology and evolution. The specific base pairing underlies the perfect copying of the molecule, which is essential for heredity. During cell division, the DNA molecule is able to ""unzip"" into two pieces. One new molecule is formed from each half-ladder, and due to the specific pairing this gives rise to two identical daughter copies from each parent molecule. We All Share the Same Building Blocks DNA is a winning formula for packaging genetic material. Therefore almost all organisms – bacteria, plants, yeast and animals – carry genetic information encapsulated as DNA. One exception is some viruses that use RNA instead. Different species need different amounts of DNA. Therefore the copying of the DNA that precedes cell division differs between organisms. For example, the DNA in E. coli bacteria is made up of 4 million base pairs and the whole genome is thus one millimeter long. The single-cell bacterium can copy its genome and divide into two cells once every 20 minutes. The DNA of humans, on the other hand, is composed of approximately 3 billion base pairs, making up a total of almost a meter-long stretch of DNA in every cell in our bodies. In order to fit, the DNA must be packaged in a very compact form. In E. coli the single circular DNA molecule is curled up in a condensed fashion, whereas the human DNA is packaged in 23 distinct chromosome pairs. Here the genetic material is tightly rolled up on structures called histones. A New Biological Era This knowledge of how genetic material is stored and copied has given rise to a new way of looking at and manipulating biological processes, called molecular biology. With the help of so-called restriction enzymes, molecules that cut the DNA at particular stretches, pieces of DNA can be cut out or inserted at different places. In basic science, where you want to understand the role of all the different genes in humans and animals, new techniques have been developed. For one thing, it is now possible to make mice that are genetically modified and lack particular genes. By studying these animals scientists try to figure out what that gene may be used for in normal mice. This is called the knockout technique, since stretches of DNA have been taken away, or knocked out. Scientists have also been able to insert new bits of DNA into cells that lack particular pieces of genes or whole genes. With this new DNA, the cell becomes capable of producing gene products it could not make before. The hope is that, in the future, diseases that arise due to the lack of a particular protein could be treated by this kind of gene therapy. Was Franklin Nominated? Rosalind Franklin. Photo: Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Archives Many voices have argued that the Nobel Prize should also have been awarded to Rosalind Franklin, since her experimental data provided a very important piece of evidence leading to the solving of the DNA structure. In a recent interview in the magazine Scientific American, Watson himself suggested that it might have been a good idea to give Wilkins and Franklin the Nobel Prize in Chemistry, and him and Crick the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine – in that way all four would have been honored. Rosalind Franklin died in 1958. As a rule only living persons can be nominated for the Nobel Prize, so the 1962 Nobel Prize was out of the question. The Nobel archives, at the Nobel Prize-awarding institutions, that among other things contain the nominations connected to the prizes, are held closed. But 50 years after a particular prize had been awarded, the archives concerning the nominees are released. Therefore, in 2008 it was possible to see whether Rosalind Franklin ever was a nominee for the Nobel Prize concerning the DNA helix. The answer is that no one ever nominated her - neither for the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine nor in Chemistry. The DNA-Helix

The sugar-phosphate backbone is on the outside of the helix, and the bases are on the inside. The backbone can be thought of as the sides of a ladder, whereas the bases in the middle form the rungs of the ladder. Each rung is composed of two base pairs. Either an adenine-thymine pair that form a two-hydrogen bond together, or a cytosine-guanine pair that form a three-hydrogen bond. The base pairing is thus restricted. This restriction is essential when the DNA is being copied: the DNA-helix is first ""unzipped"" in two long stretches of sugar-phosphate backbone with a line of free bases sticking up from it, like the teeth of a comb. Each half will then be the template for a new, complementary strand. Biological machines inside the cell put the corresponding free bases onto the split molecule and also ""proof-read"" the result to find and correct any mistakes. After the doubling, this gives rise to two exact copies of the original DNA molecule. The coding regions in the DNA strand, the genes, make up only a fraction of the total amount of DNA. The stretches that flank the coding regions are called introns, and consist of non-coding DNA. Introns were looked upon as junk in the early days. Today, biologists and geneticists believe that this non-coding DNA may be essential in order to expose the coding regions and to regulate how the genes are expressed. By Lotta Fredholm, Science Journalist First published 30 September 2003READ MORE PLAY A GAME MORE ABOUT THE GENETIC CODEThe Nobel Laureates in Medicine, 1962 »DNA - The Double Helix »Play a game or read more »MORE ABOUT DNA-RNA-PROTEINLearn more about the physical carriers of inheritance » "


what is the restaurant in seinfeld

2014When Jerry Seinfeld and Jason Alexander were spotted donning Seinfeld -style clothes and walking into Tom’s Restaurant on the Upper West Side earlier this week, the exterior location of Monk’s Cafe in Seinfeld, the Internet was abuzz with rumors that a Seinfeld reunion was in the works.

What Is the âSeinfeldâ Cast Doing at Tomâs Restaurant?

Home / Entertainment /What Is the ‘Seinfeld’ Cast Doing at Tom’s Restaurant? Thomas Mentel More Articles January 20,

Those rumors only intensified when Larry David, the writer-creator of Seinfeld, was also spotted leaving the restaurant. But while it is now confirmed that we will be seeing a Seinfeld reunion of sorts, fans of the show will have to settle for a small-scale revisit: a Super Bowl commercial. The Hollywood Reporter notes that earlier this week the restaurant was closed for a few hours with camera equipment set up inside and the shades down. The fact that they were seemingly shooting inside the restaurant is notable because while the outside of Tom’s Restaurant was used for Monk’s Cafe in the sitcom, the inside of the restaurant in the show was actually a staged set. When the images first appeared earlier this week, it was believed that it might be for a new episode of Seinfeld’s Comedians in Cars Getting Coffee — a web series revolving around Seinfeld taking a guest comedian out for coffee and their unrehearsed conversations. But production workers reportedly confirmed that Seinfeld, Alexander, and David were working on a Super Bowl commercial even as David and Seinfeld refused to elaborate on the nature of the production, the NY Daily News reports. Seinfeld first premiered on July 5, 1989 as The Seinfeld Chronicles and ran for nine seasons until May 14, 1998. Both a critical and commercial hit, the final two episodes of the series were watched by an estimated 76 million viewers. The idea of a Seinfeld reunion certainly isn’t a new idea. In the seventh season of David’s hit HBO series Curb Your Enthusiasm, the central plot revolves around a Seinfeld reunion and includes Seinfeld and David’s differing views of the original finale. ”We already screwed up one finale,” Seinfeld tells David. But David tells him, “we didn’t screw up a finale, that was a good finale!”More From Wall St. Cheat Sheet:8 TV Personalities America Loves7 Comedy Web Series You Need to Check Out The 7 Craziest Oscar Snubs This Year Share More Articles About: arts, celebrity, Entertainment, Hollywood, Super Bowl, television, television business, television industry, tv industry Everything You Need to Know About the Hottest Corvette Ever The Ford Cars You’ve Probably Never Seen and Will Never Be...10 Cars That Cost Way Too Much in the Long Run The Sneaky, Secret Strategies Starbucks Uses to Get You in... An Affordable Trip to Disney World Is Possible. Here’s How25 Classic Off-Roading Vehicles You Shouldn’t Forget About10 Classic Car Nameplates That Need to Make a Comeback Gun Control: Milk and 9 Other Shocking Things That Are More... Huge Gun Control Loopholes Used Every Year Are Killing Us Not Losing Weight? 9 Simple Changes That Make a Massive... Trending Articles ...


independence day was first celebrated in

And although the signing of the Declaration was not completed until August, the 4th of July has been accepted as the official anniversary of United States independence. The first Independence Day celebration took place the following year – July 4 1777. By the early 1800s the traditions of parades, picnics, and fireworks were established as the way to celebrate America’s birthday.

The Story of Independence Day and Americaâs Birthday

"The Story of Independence Day and America’s Birthday

Independence Day is the national holiday of the United States of America commemorating the signing of the Declaration of Independence by the Continental Congress on July 4, 1776, in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. At the time of the signing the US consisted of 13 colonies under the rule of England’s King George III.

There was growing unrest in the colonies concerning the taxes that had to be paid to England. This was commonly referred to as “Taxation without Representation” as the colonists did not have any representation in the English Parliament and had no say in what went on. As the unrest grew in the colonies, King George sent extra troops to help control any rebellion. In 1774 the 13 colonies sent delegates to Philadelphia Pennsylvania to form the First Continental Congress. The delegates were unhappy with England, but were not yet ready to declare war. In April 1775 as the King’s troops advanced on Concord Massachusetts Paul Revere would sound the alarm that “The British are coming, the British are coming” as he rode his horse through the late night streets. The battle of Concord and its “shot heard round the world” would mark the unofficial beginning of the colonies war for Independence. The following May the colonies again sent delegates to the Second Continental Congress. For almost a year the congress tried to work out its differences with England, again without formally declaring war. By June 1776 their efforts had become hopeless and a committee was formed to compose a formal declaration of independence. Headed by Thomas Jefferson, the committee included John Adams, Benjamin Franklin, Robert R. Livingston and Roger Sherman. Thomas Jefferson was chosen to write the first draft which was presented to the congress on June 28. After various changes a vote was taken late in the afternoon of July 4th. Of the 13 colonies, 9 voted in favor of the Declaration, 2 – Pennsylvania and South Carolina voted No, Delaware undecided and New York abstained. To make it official John Hancock, President of the Continental Congress, signed the Declaration of Independence. It is said that John Hancock signed his name “with a great flourish” so “King George can read that without spectacles!.”The following day copies of the Declaration were distributed.

The first newspaper to print the Declaration was the Pennsylvania Evening Post on July 6, 1776. On July 8th the Declaration had its first public reading in Philadelphia’s Independence Square. Twice that day the Declaration was read to cheering crowds and pealing church bells. Even the bell in Independence Hall was rung.

The “Province Bell” would later be renamed “Liberty Bell” after its inscription –Proclaim Liberty Throughout All the Land Unto All the Inhabitants Thereof

And although fireworks have been banned in most places because of their danger, most towns and cities usually have big firework displays for all to see and enjoy. Birthday Greetings From Captain America Cover - Signed Art By Colleen Doran $800.0Set Of 2 Captain America 50th Birthday Commemorative Lithographs Signed By Kirby $599.99Jack Kirby Auto Captain America In Black And White 50th Birthday Commemorative $300.0Four Rare 1976 Kentucky Fried Chicken ""happy Birthday America"" Items-banner, Box $170.0Rare Vtg 1976 Happy Birthday America Cast Aluminum License Plate Goodman 1973 $150.0Rare 1957 Jamestown Festival Americas 350th Birthday License Plate Topper Sign $115.0Vintage Rarities Mint Mickey Celebrates America's 215th Birthday 1oz .999 Silver $75.0Jack Kirby Limited Edition Print Captain America 50th Birthday Commemorative $55.0title: independence "


what is psychic remote viewing

Remote Viewer What is Psychic Clairvoyant Remote Viewing? Remote Viewing is a form of Psychic Clairvoyant ability, which allows the Psychic to use the ""mind's eye"" to view or see an object or location that is not actually in the same location or space.

Remote Viewer

When many people hear of Remote Viewing they may instantly think of the United States government's famous Psychic Viewing programs where the government reportedly used famous Psychic's such as Uri Geller and used the program in attempts to spy on secret locations throughout the former Soviet Union with Clairvoyance viewing techniques. One such famous operation the Stargate Project created a set of protocols designed to make the research of clairvoyance and out-of-body experiences more scientific. The Stargate Program reportedly was shut down in 1995. Remote Viewing can be thought of as a shorthand way of describing a more structured approach to Clairvoyance. Remote Viewers use their Psychic Clairvoyant abilities to view remote locations or spaces. Share this: Types of Psychics Psychic Clairvoyants Tarot Card Readers Psychic Mediums Astrology Readers Pet Psychic Reiki Clairaudient Remote Viewer "


what age can you start guitar lessons

The optimal age to start guitar lessons is closer to 10 to 12 years old. The hand muscles are just not developed enough and they dont have enough dexterity to do anything more than get frustrated. At age 10 or 12, get a decent guitar with a nice thin neck to learn on. [like an Azamra].

"Entertainment & Music Music6 years old too young for guitar lessons? My 6 year old desperatley wants a guitar (like her daddy) and lessons. We're all for it, but I wonder if she is physically capable at this age (hands/fingers). A lot of guitar instructors I've found online require a minimum age of 8 years. Let me know if you've know if kids starting this young, and/or... show more Follow 9 answers Answers Relevance Rating Newest Oldest Best Answer: Firstly buy her a guitar, you can get good half size ones for kids, you can buy them with plastic strings so they are gentler on young fingers. The sound obviously is not as good but im sure your daughter wont notice this yet. I wouldnt worry too much about lessons just yet, let her strum along with daddy..this will make her feel comfortable with the guitar and build up confidence for when she has proper lessons. most of all if she does start having lessons dont push her to hard, young children go through phazes with their likes and dislikes and hobbies, she may have 2 lessons and decide she hates it. Try a couple of different teachers until you find one she likes, she will learn alot faster and be more confident if she has a rappour with her teacher. I believe that children should not be pushed to enter contests or do music exams etc unless they want to. Encourage her but dont push her, give lots of praise even when she plays badly, it is all about confidence and practice. Let her start off playing alongside daddy as not only will this build up their relationship but she will be more confident with him than with a stranger.pinkkittenliverpool · 1 decade ago1 0 Comment Asker's rating

They're inexpensive and they play like an electric. Definitely not something that will frustrate them. Frustration means no more playing. Source (s):my daughter -- tried teaching her at 7, again at 9 and now she's actually giving it a shot at age 11.melvinschmugmeier · 1 decade ago0 0 Comment Was Tiger Woods to young and little to hold a golf club? Try guitar lessons and see what she does. Let her start on her Daddy's guitar and if she sticks with it and if she does get her one of her own !!!!! The main thing is to encourage not discourage !!!!! !Diana · 1 decade ago0 0 Comment If your child really has that big an interest in music then it should be encouraged. Just see if he really wants to continue. Mozart started younger!!!! I would recomend getting a small instruement, tune it, and than at first just let the child play with it, to get the feel of it, to hug it and hold it close. Just like a teddy bearor a favorite baseball glove. If he contiues this interest then I would start with some very simple instruction, as in the names of the strings, then let her see where she wants to go from there. I would not force anything, and would not go directly into music theory or reading music at first. Let it be one of her favorite toys. I wish her all the best in her love of mucic, and the guitar. Source (s): Been messing about with guitars for 40 years. Paulette S · 1 decade ago0 0 Comment There are three year olds playing the violin. My son is 2 and very interested in the guitar. I say you should get you son (errr daughter) lessons. Just dont let it get stressful for the child. There are guitars for small hands/fingers. Countess Bathory · 1 decade ago0 0 Comment I started piano lessons when I was in kindergarten... I think the younger you can get children involved in music, the better. I would recommend starting with piano first before you move on to other instruments, because it really shows you easily the concept of all of the notes and how they work.këlly · 1 decade ago0 0 Commentno kids start doing all kinds of things when they are young. look at Todays stars. Most of them started youngshe probably will like it. Become a famous guitarist or in a band. Babygurl78 · 1 decade ago0 0 Commentmy guitar teacher teaches a 6 year old boy.. but i haven't heard about any difficulties the child had.. i did see, however, that the child had a ""junior"" sized guitar. Konrad · 1 decade ago0 0 Commentshe isn't too young as long as she gets a smaller guitar.natalie* · 1 decade ago0 0 Commentit might be kind of hard especially since your kid is a girl. her hands will probably be too small but you can try it out anyway if she can't do it now she can try when she gets a little olderalizacci · 1 decade ago0 0 Comment Maybe you would like to learn more about one of these? Look For an Accident Attorney Best Home Security System? Get a Master's Degreee Online Graphic Design Degrees "


most expensive hotels in new york city

The 10 Most Expensive Hotel Suites in New York City

Share Tweet Share Post Send What would it take for you to drop $45,000 on a hotel stay? An endless supply of chocolate? A complimentary plane tour of New York City? How about some calfskin-covered walls and a Rolls-Royce driven by your own chauffeur? The Ty Warner Penthouse at the Four Seasons in New York City can provide the third luxury above alongside 360-degree views of Manhattan and a personal butler. Despite a growing sharing economy and the proliferation of deals-focused travel sites, luxury is still alive and well in Manhattan. Multi-room suites with more bathrooms and flat-screen TVs than guests will cost visitors anywhere from $10,000 to $45,000 a night in New York City. The Skift Daily newsletter puts you ahead of everyone about the future of travel. Subscribe now. Submit As a comparison, one of the cheapest accommodations we found in New York was a hostel on the Upper West Side, for $25 a night. Hotel search site New York Hotels.org compiled a list of the ten most expensive hotel suites in the city, based on September rates. Read below, or click through the slideshow above, for a sneak peak at the rooms and perks that are designed, quite literally, for a king. Photo 1 of 10

Guests also have access to a 24-hour personal butler, a Rolls-Royce chauffeur, and a personal trainer. The 4,300-square-foot suite is cleaned twice a day. The Ty Warner Penthouse at the Four Seasons is the most expensive hotel suite in New York City. For $45,000 a night, guests can enjoy 360-degree views of Manhattan through floor-to-ceiling windows, calfskin leather walls, and a grand piano. Guests also have access to a 24-hour personal butler, a Rolls-Royce chauffeur, and a personal trai

ner. The 4,300-square-foot suite is cleaned twice a day. The Presidential Suite at The St. Regis New York is the second more expensive suite in New York at $35,000. The hotel does not share images of the suite where Salvador Dali and Marilyn Monroe once slept. Us commoners can only dream how the celebrities decided between one of four full-service bathrooms.

It costs $30,000 a night for hotel guests to feel as through they are amidst the royal court of Louis XV at The Plaza Hotel’s Royal Plaza Suite. Guests can overlook Fifth Avenue or host a party of twelve in the dining room after dinner is prepared in a state-of-the-art kitchen that the hotel describes as “ideal” for guests who travel with a personal chef. The Peninsula Suite at The Peninsula Hotel goes for $24,000 a night. When guests grow tired of looking at their sky-high view of Fifth Avenue, they can wonder around the suite’s six rooms including a master bedroom, living room, kitchen, study, or second bedroom. For $20,000 a night, hotel guests in the Tata Suite at The Pierre, New York’s Taj Hotel, can enjoy much more than sweeping views of Central Park. Guests are treated to butlers called the Taj Royal Attaché. There are few limited to the service they provide from unpacking luggage to preparing in-suite meals. Silk walls, a wood-panelled study, and two-person shower await guests at the Presidential Suite in The Mandarin Oriental. At $18,000 a night, guests can enjoy being in the middle of Columbus Circle while still enjoying views of Central Park at the Hudson River. Visitors can “experience the grandeur of Versailles in the heart of contemporary New York” for $15,000 a night, according to The New York Palace Hotel. Eight people can fit in the Tower Royal Suite where entire rooms are decked out in gold. Views of Madison Avenue and St. Patrick’s Cathedral are right outside the window. The Empire Suite at The Carlyle costs $15,000 a night. The Art Deco-insipred three-bedroom suite spans two floors making the space — with its own curated art collection — feel more like your rich friend’s home than a hotel. Hotel guests can peer out of a telescope on the 22nd floor of the Ritz-Carlton wearing nothing but a plush robe for $14,000. The Royal Suite comes with just one master bedroom, but a second can be added on at request. In addition to the number of bedrooms, guests will also have a choice of seven different types of pillows. The two-bedroom penthouse at the Trump Soho is the most affordable suite to make the top ten list at just $10,000 a night. Guests here trade views of Central Park for the Hudson River and Empire State Building. Two master bedrooms and oversized bathrooms are situated on opposite sides of the suite making it the perfect property for groups that appreciate their private time. Tags: luxury, mandarin oriental, nyc Photo Credit: It costs $35,000 a night to sit at the dining area of the Royal Plaza Suite in the Plaza Hotel. The Plaza Hotel / The Plaza Hotel


when is the best time to take iron pills

A: Quick Answer There is no best time to take iron, but doctors recommend patients take supplements on an empty stomach either an hour before a meal or two hours after a meal, according to Mayo Clinic. Adults should take each dose with a full glass of fruit juice or water. Continue Reading

Health Medications & Vitamins Vitamins & Supplements Q: What Is the Best Time of Day to Take an Iron Supplement?

Keep Learning When Is the Best Time to Take Magnesium-OK? What Is the Best Time to Take Calcium? How Do You Choose the Best Co Q10 Supplements? Full Answer Patients must follow instructions for the correct dosing of iron supplements, explains Mayo Clinic. Patients should only take supplements for one to two months, and then check with a doctor to see if continuation of the supplements is necessary. Individuals should take each dose with water, tomato juice or fruit juice. If taking a liquid supplement, patients should take the dose through a straw to keep the liquid from getting on the teeth or via a dropper. If the iron stains the teeth, remove the stains by brushing with baking soda or medicinal peroxide. There are side effects for some patients when taking iron supplements, including back ache, dizziness, rapid heartbeat, flushing and trouble breathing, states Mayo Clinic. Other common side effects of iron supplements include a metallic taste, skin rashes, swelling of the throat or mouth and chills. Less common side effects include double vision, weakness, chest pain and blood in the stool. Signs of an iron overdose are fever, nausea, stomach pain and vomiting. Learn more about Vitamins & Supplements Sources: mayoclinic.org ods.od.nih.gov mayoclinic.org Related Questions Q: How Can You Treat Low Iron in the Blood? A: Physicians treat low blood iron levels in several ways: prescribing supplements, which patients take daily, suggesting diets with iron-rich foods, and in m... Full Answer >Filed Under: Vitamins & Supplements Q: What Time of Day Is Best to Take Probiotics? A: Researchers determined that probiotic supplements are most effective when taken 30 minutes before or simultaneously with a meal, according to Nutrition Fact... Full Answer >Filed Under: Vitamins & Supplements Q: When Is the Best Time to Take L-Arginine? A: Many patients take 2- to 3-gram doses of L-arginine up to three times daily as a supplement, says Web MD. Persons with certain medical conditions — includin... Full Answer >Filed Under: Vitamins & Supplements Q: What Is the Best Creatine Supplement? A: The best creatine supplement for improving performance is a compound that contains 20 grams per day for five days (called loading), followed by a maintenan... Full Answer >Filed Under: Vitamins & Supplements You May Also Like Q: How Do You Take Probiotic Supplements? Q: What Are the Benefits of Vitamin E for Women? Q: What Are Some of the Benefits of Drinking Boost Nutritional Drinks? Q: What Is Bee Pollen and What Health Benefits Does It Offer You? Q: What Vitamins Are Beneficial for Thin Skin? Q: When Was the First Groundhog Day?