what's the weight of a gallon of milk

ing One gallon of milk can be broken up into 4 quarts. Each of those quarts can be broken up into 2 pints. Therefore, 2 pints of milk equals 1 quart and 8 pints of milk equals one gallon. Each pint contains 16 ounces of milk. 16 ounces is also equal to one pound. So one pint of milk should weigh 1 pound. Therefore one gallon of milk should weigh 8 pounds. or more accurately: 8.62 lbs

Weight of 1 gallon of milk.?

Education & Reference Homework Help Weight of 1 gallon of milk.? Follow 3 answers Answers Relevance Rating Newest Oldest Best Answer: Source: USDA One quart of milk weighs 2.15 lbs. One gallon of milk weighs 8.6 lbs. 46.5 quarts of milk equals 100 lbs. Specific gravity of milk at 60ºF is 1.032 To make one pound of: Requires* Butter 21.2 lbs. whole milk Whole Milk Cheese 10.0 lbs. whole milk Evaporated Milk 2.1 lbs. whole milk Condensed Milk 2.3 lbs. whole milk Ice Cream (1 gal.) 12.0 lbs. whole milk Cottage Cheese 6.25 lbs. skim milk Nonfat Dry Milk 11.0 lbs. skim milk Plain Yogurt 1 lb. whole milk Whole Milk Powder 7.4 lbs. whole milk Source (s):http://www.wisdairy.com/Other Dairy Produc...croc hunter fan · 1 decade ago0 0 Comment Asker's rat

James A · 1 decade ago0 0 Commentaround 8 lbs, same as water maybe a bit heavierdualspace · 1 decade ago0 0 Comment Maybe you would like to learn more about one of these? Want to build your own website? Need a DUI Attorney? Want to buy a domain name? Try for your MBA online?


can inheritance monies be taken by the trustee in bankruptcy

a. )If your inheritance is deemed to be property of the bankruptcy estate, the trustee can take it unless you can exempt its full value. (To learn how exemptions work, see our Bankruptcy Exemptions area.

Inheritances in Chapter 7 Bankruptcy

If you receive an inheritance after filing for Chapter 7 bankruptcy, the bankruptcy trustee may be able to take it to pay your creditors. Whether your inheritance is safe or not depends on two things: Related Products MOREChapter 13 Bankruptcy How to File for Chapter 7 Bankruptcy The New Bankruptcy Related Adsthe date you became entitled to receive the inheritance (this determines if the inheritance is part of your bankruptcy estate), andwhether the money is exempt. What Is Property of the Bankruptcy Estate? Almost all of your assets become property of the bankruptcy estate the moment you file for Chapter 7 bankruptcy. The bankruptcy trustee administers the property of the estate by selling your nonexempt assets, if any, and paying your creditors with the proceeds. (To learn more about how Chapter 7 bankruptcy works, see our Chapter 7 Bankruptcy topic are

)Is Your Inheritance Property of the Bankruptcy Estate? The answer depends on when you became entitled to receive the inheritance. This date is usually the day the person leaving you the inheritance passes away. Not the day you actually collect the inheritance, which can be months later. The rule is this: Inheritances received within 180 days of your Chapter 7 bankruptcy filing are part of the bankruptcy estate. Inheritance Received Within 180 Days of Chapter 7 Filing If you become entitled to receive an inheritance within 180 days of your bankruptcy filing date it becomes part of your bankruptcy estate. This means you have to amend your bankruptcy schedules and notify the court and the trustee even if your case has already been closed. You will be able to keep your inheritance if you can exempt it. However, if you cannot exempt all of your inheritance, the trustee will take the nonexempt portion and use it to pay your creditors. Example. Sarah filed for Chapter 7 bankruptcy on January 1, 2012. Her case was closed and discharged on May 1, 2012. On May 10, 2012, her uncle died and left her $100,000. However, she will not receive the money until December of 2012 when all probate proceedings have been completed. She has no exemptions that cover the inheritance. Since Sarah became entitled to receive the inheritance on May 10th (which is within 180 days of her filing date), the $100,000 is considered property of the bankruptcy estate. The trustee will likely take the money and distribute it to her creditors. If there is money left after the trustee repays her creditors and subtracts the trustee commission, Sarah will get to keep it. Inheritance Received More Than 180 Days After Chapter 7 Filing If you become entitled to receive an inheritance more than 180 days after you file for Chapter 7, it is not considered property of the bankruptcy estate. The trustee has no claim to your inheritance so you can keep it whether it would have been exempt or not. Example. In the example above, if Sarah’s uncle died on July 15, 2012 (which is more than 180 days after her filing date), her inheritance would not be part of her bankruptcy estate. As a result, Sarah would be able to keep her entire inheritance. Why Does the 180-Day Rule Exist? Congress created the 180-day rule to discourage people from filing for bankruptcy in anticipation of receiving a significant inheritance. The idea is that people should not file for bankruptcy just to protect an upcoming inheritance.


airplane definition of drag

. Drag is the aerodynamic force that opposes an aircraft's motion through the air. Drag is generated by every part of the airplane (even the engines! ). How is drag generated?

"This page is intended for college, high school, or middle school students. For younger students, a simpler explanation of the information on this page is available on the Kid's Page

Drag is a mechanical force. It is generated by the interaction and contact of a solid body with a fluid (liquid or gas). It is not generated by a force field, in the sense of a gravitational field or an electromagnetic field, where one object can affect another object without being in physical contact. For drag to be generated, the solid body must be in contact with the fluid. If there is no fluid, there is no drag. Drag is generated by the difference in velocity between the solid object and the fluid. There must be motion between the object and the fluid. If there is no motion, there is no drag. It makes no difference whether the object moves through a static fluid or whether the fluid moves past a static solid object. Drag is a force and is therefore a vector quantity having both a magnitude and a direction. Drag acts in a direction that is opposite to the motion of the aircraft. Lift acts perpendicular to the motion. There are many factors that affect the magnitude of the drag. Many of the factors also affect lift but there are some factors that are unique to aircraft drag. We can think of drag as aerodynamic friction, and one of the sources of drag is the skin friction between the molecules of the air and the solid surface of the aircraft. Because the skin friction is an interaction between a solid and a gas, the magnitude of the skin friction depends on properties of both solid and gas. For the solid, a smooth, waxed surface produces less skin friction than a roughened surface. For the gas, the magnitude depends on the viscosity of the air and the relative magnitude of the viscous forces to the motion of the flow, expressed as the Reynolds number. Along the solid surface, a boundary layer of low energy flow is generated and the magnitude of the skin friction depends on conditions in the boundary layer. We can also think of drag as aerodynamic resistance to the motion of the object through the fluid. This source of drag depends on the shape of the aircraft and is called form drag. As air flows around a body, the local velocity and pressure are changed. Since pressure is a measure of the momentum of the gas molecules and a change in momentum produces a force , a varying pressure distribution will produce a force on the body. We can determine the magnitude of the force by integrating (or adding up) the local pressure times the surface area around the entire body. The component of the aerodynamic force that is opposed to the motion is the drag; the component perpendicular to the motion is the lift. Both the lift and drag force act through the center of pressure of the object. There is an additional drag component caused by the generation of lift. Aerodynamicists have named this component the induced drag . It is also called ""drag due to lift"" because it only occurs on finite, lifting wings. Induced drag occurs because the distribution of lift is not uniform on a wing, but varies from root to tip. For a lifting wing, there is a pressure difference between the upper and lower surfaces of the wing. Vortices are formed at the wing tips, which produce a swirling flow that is very strong near the wing tips and decreases toward the wing root. The local angle of attack of the wing is increased by the induced flow of the tip vortex, giving an additional, downstream-facing, component to the aerodynamic force acting on the wing. The force is called induced drag because it has been ""induced"" by the action of the tip vortices. The magnitude of induced drag depends on the amount of lift being generated by the wing and on the distribution of lift across the span. Long, thin (chordwise) wings have low induced drag; short wings with a large chord have high induced drag. Wings with an elliptical distribution of lift have the minimum induced drag. Modern airliners use winglets to reduce the induced drag of the wing. Two additional sources of drag are wave drag and ram drag. As an aircraft approaches the speed of sound, shock waves are generated along the surface. The shock waves produce a change in static pressure and a loss of total pressure. Wave drag is associated with the formation of the shock waves. The magnitude of the wave drag depends on the Mach number of the flow. Ram drag is produced when free stream air is brought inside the aircraft. Jet engines bring air on board, mix the air with fuel, burn the fuel, then exhausts the combustion products to produce thrust . If we look at the basic thrust equation , there is a mass flow times entrance velocity term that is subtracted from the gross thrust. This ""negative thrust"" term is the ram drag. Cooling inlets on the aircraft are also sources of ram drag. You can view a short movie of ""Orville and Wilbur Wright"" discussing the drag force and how it affected the flight of their aircraft. The movie file can be saved to your computer and viewed as a Podcast on your podcast player. Activities: Guided Tours Sources of Drag: Factors that Affect Drag: Forces on an Airplane: Forces on a Glider: Navigation .. Beginner's Guide Home Page "


world trade organization definition

World Trade Organization (WTO)an international organization which wasestablished in 1995 to administer the international trading system. The WTO took over the activitiesand responsibilities of its predecessor the ‘General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade’ ( GATT) which wasset up in 1947 to promote FREE TRADE.

World Trade Organization

"World Trade Organization Also found in: Dictionary, Thesaurus, Legal, Acronyms, Encyclopedia, Wikipedia. Related to World Trade Organization: World Bank World Trade Organization (WTO)A multilateral agency that administers world trade agreements, fosters trade relations amongnations, and solves trade disputes among member countries. Copyright © 2012, Campbell R. Harvey. All Rights Reserved. World Trade Organization An international organization with the goal of liberalizing international trade. It was established in 1995, succeeding the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade. The WTO aims to reducetariff barriers and promote global economic integration. It sponsors periodic gatherings of representatives of member states to discuss trade issues and further integration, though talkshave been marked by disagreement and little resolution. Particularly notorious were the protestsand riots at the WTO meeting in Seattle in 1999. See also: Doha Round, Globalization. Farlex Financial Dictionary. © 2012 Farlex, Inc. All Rights Reserved World Trade Organization (WTO). The WTO was formed in 1995 to enforce the regulations established by the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) and several other international trade agreements. Composed of representatives from 150 nations and observers from additional nations, it regulatesinternational trade with the goal of helping it to flow as smoothly and freely as possible. Advocates praise the WTO for helping create an increasingly global economy and bringing prosperity to developing nations through increased trade. Critics, however, assert that industrialized nations such the United States, Canada, and the countries of the European Union have used the WTO to open trade with developing nations while disregardingthese nations' environmental and labor-related practices. Dictionary of Financial Terms. Copyright © 2008 Lightbulb Press, Inc. All Rights Reserved.

The change of name partly reflects the wider responsibilitiesthe WTO has assumed for managing INTERNATIONAL TRADE and the new name more accuratelyreflects what the organization stands for as opposed to the ‘cumbersome’ title of its predecessor. The essential functions of the WTO areadministering and implementing the multilateral trade agreements which collectively make up the WTO;acting as a forum for multilateral trade negotiations;seeking to resolve trade disputes;reviewing national trade policies andcooperating with other international institutions involved in global economic policy-making. Thehighest authority of the WTO is the Ministerial Conference, which is composed of representatives of all WTO member countries and meets every two years to determine thegeneral policies of the WTO, while the day-to-day work of the WTO is undertaken by a number of subsidiary bodies, in particular the General Council and Dispute Settlement Body. In 2005,148 countries were members of the WTO which is headquartered in Geneva. The WTO embraces the two main operational principles of the original GATT: (1) reciprocity – arranging for countries to receive foreign tariff reductions in return for TARIFF cuts of their own and (2) the ‘most favoured nation’ rule – requiring that a country should apply its lowest tarifffor any particular product to all of its suppliers. The GATT supervized 11 major multilateral ‘rounds’ of tariff negotiations, including the ‘Kennedy Round’ of 1962-67 which secured an average cut in tariffs of around 35% and the ‘Tokyo Round’ of 1973-79which provided further significant cuts in tariffs. In the main these tariff cuts applied only to manufactured goods. The last ‘round’ supervized by GATT – the ‘Uruguay Round’ of 1988-93 also led to tariff cuts on manufacturers but concessions were also agreed on agricultural products, theliberalization of trade in commercial services, and protection of INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS. See PROTECTIONISM. Currently, a new round (the ‘Doha Round’) has been set in motion. While the WTO has sought to liberalize international trade on a global, multilateral basis, tradeliberalization has also taken place on a more limited basis through the formation of various ‘free tradeareas’ and ‘common markets’ (see TRADE INTEGRATION entry). Collins Dictionary of Business, 3rd ed. © 2002, 2005 C Pass, B Lowes, A Pendleton, L Chadwick, D O’Reilly and M Afferson World Trade Organization (WTO)an international organization that wasestablished in 1995 to administer the international trading system. The WTO took over the activitiesand responsibilities of its predecessor, the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade ( GATT ), which wasset up in 1947 to promote FREE TRADE. The change of name partly reflects the wider responsibilitiesthat the WTO has assumed for managing INTERNATIONAL TRADE, and the new name moreaccurately reflects what the organization stands for as opposed to the cumbersome title of itspredecessor. The essential functions of the WTO are:administering and implementing the multilateral trade agreements that collectively make up the WTO;acting as a forum for multilateral trade negotiations;seeking to resolve trade disputes;reviewing national trade policies; andcooperating with other international institutions involved in global economic policy making. The highest authority of the WTO is the Ministerial Conference, which is composed of representatives of all WTO member countries and meets every two years to determine the general policies of the WTO, while the day-to-day work of the WTO is undertaken by a number of subsidiary bodies, in particular the General Council and Dispute Settlement Body. In 2005, 148 countries were members of the WTO, which is headquartered in Geneva. The WTO embraces the two main operational principles of the original GATT:reciprocity - arranging for countries to receive foreign tariff reductions in return for TARIFF cuts of their own;the ‘most favoured nation’ rule -requiring that a country should apply its lowest tariff for anyparticular product to all its suppliers. The GATT supervised 11 major multilateral rounds’ of tariff negotiations, including the Kennedy Round of 1962–67, which secured an average cut in tariffs of around 35%, and the Tokyo Round of 1973–79,which provided further significant cuts in tariffs. In the main, these tariff cuts applied only to manufactured goods. The last round supervised by GATT, the Uruguay Round of 1988–93, also led to tariff cuts on manufacturers but concessions were also agreed on agricultural products, theliberalization of trade in commercial services and protection of INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS. The WTO met in Seattle, USA, in 1999 to draw up an agenda for a new round of trade concessions,but the talks were terminated without progress being made after rioters took to the streets protesting at the WTO's alleged lack of concern for the interests of developing countries (see UNITED NATIONS CONFERENCE ON TRADE AND DEVELOPMENT ). In 2001, supervised by the WTO, a new round of trade negotiations, the Doha Round, was initiated butquickly stalled on the issue of the liberalization of trade in agricultural produce. In 2004, however, an ‘interim accord’ was reached, with the rich countries agreeing to eliminate export subsidies on agricultural produce, together with the removal of internal farming subsidies. All this, coupled withmeasures to further reduce tariffs on manufactured goods and remove obstacles to trade in services, is yet to be finalized. The GATT initiatives, together with the work of the INTERNATIONAL MONETARY FUND, the formation of FREE TRADE BLOCS (in particular, the EUROPEAN UNION and the EUROPEAN FREE TRADE ASSOCIATION) and high growth rates in the industrial countries led to a record expansion of worldtrade up to the 1970s. The OPEC oil increases of 1973 and 1979 and the subsequent onset of recessionary conditions in the world economy, however, reduced the impact of GATT and led to a renaissance of PROTECTIONISM based on national self-interest. The ‘new protectionism’, as it is called, is based not on tariffs but on various measures that are much less transparent and diffuse andtherefore more difficult to control, including EXPORT RESTRAINT AGREEMENTS, LOCAL CONTENT RULES, import licensing restrictions and subsidies given to domestic industries. As a consequence, a prominent feature of the WTO's work in recent years has been as an arbiter in settling trade disputesbetween its members. In 1998, for example, it officiated in the celebrated ‘bananas’ dispute, finding in favour of US companies and their Latin American suppliers, which had complained that the European Union (EU) had unfairly restricted their access to the EU market in favour of banana exports from EU associates ( LOMÉ AGREEMENT countries). Nevertheless, there has been a substantial expansion of world trade in the 1990s. See INTERNATIONAL TRADE for details. Collins Dictionary of Economics, 4th ed. © C. Pass, B. Lowes, L. Davies 2005Want to thank TFD for its existence? Tell a friend about us, add a link to this page, or visit the webmaster's page for free fun content . Link to this page:World Trade OrganizationFacebook Twitter "


what law schools did justice anthony kennedy graduate from

CAMBRIDGE -- Justice Anthony M. Kennedy recalled being caught by the dean of Harvard Law School at a Red Sox game in 1960, the day before a major tax-law exam. Chief Justice John G. Roberts Jr. fondly recalled making a pilgrimage almost every day to Baskin-Robbins in Harvard Square.

Supreme Court justices reminisce about their Harvard days Jessica Rinaldi/Globe Staff (Left to right) Supreme Court Justices Anthony Kennedy, John Roberts, and Stephen Breyer took part in a procession to mark Harvard Law School's bicentennial on Thursday. By Michael Levenson Globe Staff October 26, 2017

“Marshmallow sundae with chocolate chip ice cream,” the chief justice recalled. “It’s good.”Advertisement And retired Justice David H. Souter somewhat sheepishly acknowledged landing in the university health services offices after taking part in a mock sword duel during his second year of law school. Get Fast Forward in your inbox: Forget yesterday's news. Get what you need today in this early-morning email. Sign Up“It was a way to pass the time,” Souter said by way of explanation. They were the kind of stories you might hear at any law school reunion, only the graduates who returned to Harvard on Thursday to reminisce about their student days all happened to be justices of the Supreme Court of the United States. Five current and one former justice took part in the unusual public discussion at Sanders Theatre to mark the law school’s bicentennial. Court observers said such a conversation among six justices was unprecedented in recent memory. Advertisement The discussion showcased the justices in a less formal and often jovial setting, as they laughed frequently and talked about their favorite professors and the challenges of serving on the nation’s highest court.“Nothing prepares you for the Supreme Court,” Justice Stephen G. Breyer told the audience of students, professors, and alumni, recalling that Justice Harry Blackmun once told him, “You’re going to find this an unusual experience.”The event didn’t touch on any cases currently before the court, President Trump, or other controversial topics. Mostly, it was an opportunity for the justices to talk about the law, show a more personal side of themselves, and tout their alma mater. The justices marched together from the law school library to Sanders Theatre, surrounded by law school students snapping pictures on their phones. Harvard Law School, founded in 1817, claims 20 graduates who have served on the high court — more than any other law school — plus three who attended but did not graduate: Ruth Bader Ginsburg, Melville Fuller, and William Henry Moody. Advertisement Roberts, a 1979 graduate, said the school prizes the free exchange of ideas and intellectual humility, although he acknowledged humility is “perhaps not the first word you think about when you think about Harvard Law School.”In a nostalgic mood, Kennedy recalled that when he was caught at the Red Sox game by the dean of the law school, Erwin Griswold, he had lugged the revenue code with him so he could study at Fenway Park. Years later, when Griswold would bump into Kennedy in Washington, the dean would needle Kennedy by asking: “Do you still bring the revenue code to the baseball game?”The law school dean, John F. Manning, asked the justices what careers they would have pursued if they weren’t judges. Justice Neil M. Gorsuch, a Coloradoan and the court’s newest member, said he envies “fly-fishing guys and ski instructors.”“And better yet, one who does one in the summer, and one in the winter,” he said. Roberts said he would be “hounding President Faust” for a job as a professor of modern European history. But, he conceded, that would not be “as much fun as fly fishing.”Kennedy said he would teach English literature or political thought. Justice Elena Kagan, a former law school dean, who was the clear crowd favorite, said she had considered becoming a history professor but decided to go to law school because it “seemed a much more practical route” than “sitting in the archives all day.”Plus, she said, “there was a sense I wanted what I did to matter.”Breyer didn’t answer the question directly, but said when he was 7, he wanted to be “a baseball player in the summer and drive a garbage truck in the winter.”Breyer also recounted achieving the rank of Eagle Scout at age 12, which prompted Kennedy to ask, “Can you tie a knot?”The justices also talked about formative jobs they had before joining the high court. Kennedy remembered using a hammer to help build oil rigs in Canada and Louisiana and once becoming so nervous when the foreman came around, that he nailed his glove to the rig. Roberts recalled, as he often does, that when young he was a member of the United Steelworkers union. Senior electricians, he said, liked to tell him to tighten bolts “that happened to be live” with electricity.“It just never got old for them,” he said. Michael Levenson can be reached at mlevenson@globe.com.


where is poole kentucky

Poole is a small town located on the Henderson-Webster county line in western Kentucky approximately 16 miles south of Henderson and nine miles north of Dixon on US Highway 41A. The town of Poole is reported to have been founded by John and Jane Poole, who arrived here via oxcart from Bardstown in 1826.

Poole is a peaceful little town with all of the necessary amenities for growing up in the style of Southern Living. Actually, the type of living in small town USA, or Poole in this case, was portrayed very accurately by Norman Rockwell many times on the cover of the Saturday Evening Post. Of course, he didn't use Poole as a model for his paintings, but some of the characters in his paintings could have been mistaken for people in our town. Poole has a restaurant, convenience store, post office, barber shop, Auto Body Shop, Crop Production Services, storage buildings, MX track, two beauty shops, and four churches. Poole Deposit Bank opened in 1902, but was closed in 2011. In 1988, Poole Harvest Daze began a yearly occasion that brings people from miles away to rekindle old friendships, eat good food and be entertained. Thousands of people have attended the Harvest Daze festivities over the years. More


who was dauphin

There was much rejoicing among the French population at the birth of Louis, Dauphin of France, on September 4, 1729. Finally, after three daughters, King Louis XV and his wife, Queen Marie Leszczynska, had their heir to the throne.

Louis, Dauphin of France Biography.com

Quick Facts Name Louis, Dauphin of France Occupation Royalty Birth Date September 4, 1729Death Date December 20, 1765Place of Birth Versailles, France Place of Death Fontainebleau, France AKALouis-Ferdinand Bourbon Louis, Dauphin de France Louis, Dauphin of France Dauphin of France Dauphin de France Cite This Page IN THESE GROUPSFamous People Named Louis Famous People Who Died in Fontainebleau Famous People Born in France Famous People Born in 1729Show All Groups Louis, Dauphin of France Biography.com Royalty (1729–1765)18SHARESLouis, Dauphin of France, was the only surviving son of King Louis XV. He was the father of three kings of France: Louis XVI, Louis XVIII and Charles X. Synopsis With much fanfare, Louis, Dauphin of France, was born heir to the French throne on September 4, 1729. He was prepared well for his eventual rise to the throne, but a falling-out with his father led him to play only a minor role in French politics. Unlike most of his Bourbon counterparts, he was a devoted husband. Though he never took the throne, he and his wife produced three kings of France. Early Life

There were also celebrations in other European courts, as the birth ensured stability of French royal rule. At age 7, Louis, Dauphin of France, was baptized and given the name Louis-Ferdinand. His status as heir to the throne demanded that he have the best of everything, including clothes, education, horses and weapons. Governor and governesses were appointed to assist in his development and needs. Louis took great interest in the military arts at an early age and enjoyed a close relationship with his father up until he was 15. It was King Louis' refusal to allow his son to join the 1744 campaign in the War of the Austrian Succession that bitterly disappointed the dauphin. During the war, King Louis XV went to the front to lead an army against the allied forces of Austria, Great Britain and the Dutch Republic. He became deathly ill with fever, due primarily to an overindulgent lifestyle. Louis, Dauphin of France, disobeyed orders and went to his father's bedside. The king saw this not as an act of loyalty, but as disobedience and a rash action that could have gotten them both killed. Louis' cold reception of his son resulted in a permanent breach in their relationship. Marriages and Children In 1744, Louis XV negotiated a marriage between the 15-year-old Louis and 19-year-old Infanta Maria Teresa Rafaela of Spain, daughter of King Philip V and his Italian wife Elisabeth of Parma. Louis and Maria Teresa were well matched and had great affection for each other. They had one daughter, Princess Marie Thérèse of France. Three days after giving birth, Maria Teresa died, on July 22, 1746. Louis was only 16 years old and already a widower. He grieved intensely at his loss, but responsibility to provide for the succession of the French crown necessitated he marry again. On February 9, 1747, Louis married Princess Marie-Josepha of Saxony, the 15-year-old daughter of Frederick Augustus II, Prince of Saxony and King of Poland, and his wife, Archduchess Maria Josepha of Austria. By this time Louis was becoming an adult, well-educated and studious, cultivated in the arts and letters, and a lover of music. He was more comfortable in intellectual conversation than he was hunting and at social functions. As he was with his first wife, Louis was a very devoted husband to Marie-Josepha. This stood in sharp contrast to the decadence of the Bourbon court, in particular his father, who was a notorious womanizer. Over the next 17 years, Louis, Dauphin of France, and his wife would have eight children, three of whom would go on to become kings of France: Louis XVI, Louis XVIII and Charles X. The dauphin himself would not live to become king. He died of consumption (tuberculosis) on December 20, 1765, at age 36, while his father was still alive. Upon the death of Louis XV, the French monarchy was at its lowest depths politically, financially and morally. The throne passed to the king's grandson Louis XVI, whose ineptitude would lead to the French Revolution and his execution at the guillotine in 1793. Fact Check We strive for accuracy and fairness. If you see something that doesn't look right, contact us!Citation Information Article Title Louis, Dauphin of France Biography.com Author Website Name The Biography.com website URLhttps://www.biography.com/people/louis-dauphin-of-france-21257403Access Date { {$root.current Time | date:'MMMM d, yyyy'}}Publisher A&E Television Networks Last Updated April 2, 2014Original Published Daten/a18SHARES


what is what is the weather like in big bear

Based on the tourism score, the best time of year to visit Big Bear City for warm-weather activities is from late June to early September. Temperature The warm season lasts for 3.3 months, from June 9 to September 19, with an average daily high temperature above 74°F.

Average Weather in Big Bear City California, United States In Big Bear City, the summers are warm, arid, and mostly clear and the winters are very cold, dry, and partly cloudy. Over the course of the year, the temperature typically varies from 22°F to 82°F and is rarely below 14°F or above 88°F . Climate Summary Click on each chart for more information.

The hottest day of the year is July 26, with an average high of 82°F and low of 54°F. The cold season lasts for 3.4 months, from November 21 to March 1, with an average daily high temperature below 50°F. The coldest day of the year is December 25, with an average low of 22°F and high of 43°F. Average High and Low Temperature The daily average high (red line) and low (blue line) temperature, with 25th to 75th and 10th to 90th percentile bands. The thin dotted lines are the corresponding average perceived temperatures. The figure below shows you a compact characterization of the entire year of hourly average temperatures. The horizontal axis is the day of the year, the vertical axis is the hour of the day, and the color is the average temperature for that hour and day. Average Hourly Temperature The average hourly temperature, color coded into bands: frigid < 15°F < freezing < 32°F < very cold < 45°F < cold < 55°F < cool < 65°F < comfortable < 75°F < warm < 85°F < hot < 95°F < sweltering. The shaded overlays indicate night and civil twilight. Candelario, Spain (5,677 miles away); Altınyayla, Turkey (7,068 miles); and Gümüşhacıköy, Turkey (6,957 miles) are the far-away foreign places with temperatures most similar to Big Bear City ( view comparison ). Clouds In Big Bear City, the average percentage of the sky covered by clouds experiences significant seasonal variation over the course of the year. The clearer part of the year in Big Bear City begins around April 21 and lasts for 6.5 months, ending around November 6. On September 7, the clearest day of the year, the sky is clear, mostly clear, or partly cloudy 89% of the time, and overcast or mostly cloudy 11% of the time. The cloudier part of the year begins around November 6 and lasts for 5.5 months, ending around April 21. On February 21, the cloudiest day of the year, the sky is overcast or mostly cloudy 46% of the time, and clear, mostly clear, or partly cloudy 54% of the time. Cloud Cover Categories The percentage of time spent in each cloud cover band, categorized by the percentage of the sky covered by clouds: clear < 20% < mostly clear < 40% < partly cloudy < 60% < mostly cloudy < 80% < overcast. Precipitation A wet day is one with at least 0.04 inches of liquid or liquid-equivalent precipitation. The chance of wet days in Big Bear City varies throughout the year. The wetter season lasts 4.1 months, from November 21 to March 25, with a greater than 8% chance of a given day being a wet day. The chance of a wet day peaks at 15% on February 21. The drier season lasts 7.9 months, from March 25 to November 21. The smallest chance of a wet day is 1% on June 13. Among wet days, we distinguish between those that experience rain alone, snow alone, or a mixture of the two. Based on this categorization, the most common form of precipitation in Big Bear City changes throughout the year. Rain alone is the most common for 9.7 months, from February 19 to December 12. The highest chance of a day with rain alone is 7% on August 21. Mixed snow and rain is the most common for 1.6 months, from January 1 to February 19. The highest chance of a day with mixed snow and rain is 6% on February 17. Snow alone is the most common for 2.9 weeks, from December 12 to January 1. The highest chance of a day with snow alone is 5% on December 24. Daily Chance of Precipitation The percentage of days in which various types of precipitation are observed, excluding trace quantities: rain alone, snow alone, and mixed (both rain and snow fell in the same day). Rainfall To show variation within the months and not just the monthly totals, we show the rainfall accumulated over a sliding 31-day period centered around each day of the year. Big Bear City experiences some seasonal variation in monthly rainfall. The rainy period of the year lasts for 2.6 months, from January 1 to March 19, with a sliding 31-day rainfall of at least 0.5 inches. The most rain falls during the 31 days centered around February 20, with an average total accumulation of 0.9 inches. The rainless period of the year lasts for 9.4 months, from March 19 to January 1. The least rain falls around June 12, with an average total accumulation of 0.0 inches. Average Monthly Rainfall The average rainfall (solid line) accumulated over the course of a sliding 31-day period centered on the day in question, with 25th to 75th and 10th to 90th percentile bands. The thin dotted line is the corresponding average liquid-equivalent snowfall. Snowfall We report snowfall in liquid-equivalent terms. The actual depth of new snowfall is typically between 5 and 10 times the liquid-equivalent amount, assuming the ground is frozen. Colder, drier snow tends to be on the higher end of that range and warmer, wetter snow on the lower end. As with rainfall, we consider the snowfall accumulated over a sliding 31-day period centered around each day of the year. Big Bear City experiences some seasonal variation in monthly liquid-equivalent snowfall. The snowy period of the year lasts for 4.7 months, from November 11 to April 3, with a sliding 31-day liquid-equivalent snowfall of at least 0.1 inches. The most snow falls during the 31 days centered around January 4, with an average total liquid-equivalent accumulation of 0.7 inches. The snowless period of the year lasts for 7.3 months, from April 3 to November 11. The least snow falls around August 5, with an average total liquid-equivalent accumulation of 0.0 inches. Average Liquid-Equivalent Monthly Snowfall The average liquid-equivalent snowfall (solid line) accumulated over the course of a sliding 31-day period centered on the day in question, with 25th to 75th and 10th to 90th percentile bands. The thin dotted line is the corresponding average rainfall. Sun The length of the day in Big Bear City varies significantly over the course of the year. In 2018, the shortest day is December 21, with 9 hours, 52 minutes of daylight; the longest day is June 21, with 14 hours, 27 minutes of daylight. Hours of Daylight and Twilight The number of hours during which the Sun is visible (black line). From bottom (most yellow) to top (most gray), the color bands indicate: full daylight, twilight (civil, nautical, and astronomical), and full night. The earliest sunrise is at 5:34 AM on June 12, and the latest sunrise is 1 hour, 34 minutes later at 7:09 AM on November 3. The earliest sunset is at 4:37 PM on December 5, and the latest sunset is 3 hours, 26 minutes later at 8:03 PM on June 29. Daylight saving time (DST) is observed in Big Bear City during 2018, starting in the spring on March 11, lasting 7.8 months, and ending in the fall on November 4. Sunrise & Sunset with Twilight and Daylight Saving Time The solar day over the course of the year 2018. From bottom to top, the black lines are the previous solar midnight, sunrise, solar noon, sunset, and the next solar midnight. The day, twilights (civil, nautical, and astronomical), and night are indicated by the color bands from yellow to gray. The transitions to and from daylight saving time are indicated by the 'DST' labels. Humidity We base the humidity comfort level on the dew point, as it determines whether perspiration will evaporate from the skin, thereby cooling the body. Lower dew points feel drier and higher dew points feel more humid. Unlike temperature, which typically varies significantly between night and day, dew point tends to change more slowly, so while the temperature may drop at night, a muggy day is typically followed by a muggy night. The perceived humidity level in Big Bear City, as measured by the percentage of time in which the humidity comfort level is muggy, oppressive, or miserable, does not vary significantly over the course of the year, remaining a virtually constant 0% throughout. Humidity Comfort Levels The percentage of time spent at various humidity comfort levels, categorized by dew point: dry < 55°F < comfortable < 60°F < humid < 65°F < muggy < 70°F < oppressive < 75°F < miserable. Wind This section discusses the wide-area hourly average wind vector (speed and direction) at 10 meters above the ground. The wind experienced at any given location is highly dependent on local topography and other factors, and instantaneous wind speed and direction vary more widely than hourly averages. The average hourly wind speed in Big Bear City experiences mild seasonal variation over the course of the year. The windier part of the year lasts for 5.1 months, from February 7 to July 10, with average wind speeds of more than 7.6 miles per hour. The windiest day of the year is April 26, with an average hourly wind speed of 8.9 miles per hour. The calmer time of year lasts for 6.9 months, from July 10 to February 7. The calmest day of the year is September 9, with an average hourly wind speed of 6.3 miles per hour. Average Wind Speed The average of mean hourly wind speeds (dark gray line), with 25th to 75th and 10th to 90th percentile bands. The predominant average hourly wind direction in Big Bear City varies throughout the year. The wind is most often from the west for 9.4 months, from February 4 to November 16, with a peak percentage of 77% on June 5. The wind is most often from the north for 2.6 months, from November 16 to February 4, with a peak percentage of 43% on January 1. Wind Direction The percentage of hours in which the mean wind direction is from each of the four cardinal wind directions (north, east, south, and west), excluding hours in which the mean wind speed is less than 1 mph. The lightly tinted areas at the boundaries are the percentage of hours spent in the implied intermediate directions (northeast, southeast, southwest, and northwest). Best Time of Year to Visit To characterize how pleasant the weather is in Big Bear City throughout the year, we compute two travel scores. The tourism score favors clear, rainless days with perceived temperatures between 65°F and 80°F. Based on this score, the best time of year to visit Big Bear City for general outdoor tourist activities is from late June to early September, with a peak score in the last week of July. Tourism Score The tourism score (filled area), and its constituents: the temperature score (red line), the cloud cover score (blue line), and the precipitation score (green line). The beach/pool score favors clear, rainless days with perceived temperatures between 75°F and 90°F. Based on this score, the best time of year to visit Big Bear City for hot-weather activities is from late June to late August, with a peak score in the third week of July. Beach/Pool Score The beach/pool score (filled area), and its constituents: the temperature score (red line), the cloud cover score (blue line), and the precipitation score (green line). Methodology For each hour between 8:00 AM and 9:00 PM of each day in the analysis period (1980 to 2016), independent scores are computed for perceived temperature, cloud cover, and total precipitation. Those scores are combined into a single hourly composite score, which is then aggregated into days, averaged over all the years in the analysis period, and smoothed. Our cloud cover score is 10 for fully clear skies, falling linearly to 9 for mostly clear skies, and to 1 for fully overcast skies. Our precipitation score, which is based on the three-hour precipitation centered on the hour in question, is 10 for no precipitation, falling linearly to 9 for trace precipitation, and to 0 for 0.04 inches of precipitation or more. Our tourism temperature score is 0 for perceived temperatures below 50°F, rising linearly to 9 for 65°F, to 10 for 75°F, falling linearly to 9 for 80°F, and to 1 for 90°F or hotter. Our beach/pool temperature score is 0 for perceived temperatures below 65°F, rising linearly to 9 for 75°F, to 10 for 82°F, falling linearly to 9 for 90°F, and to 1 for 100°F or hotter. Growing Season Definitions of the growing season vary throughout the world, but for the purposes of this report, we define it as the longest continuous period of non-freezing temperatures (≥ 32°F) in the year (the calendar year in the Northern Hemisphere, or from July 1 until June 30 in the Southern Hemisphere). The growing season in Big Bear City typically lasts for 5.2 months ( 160 days ), from around May 12 to around October 19, rarely starting before April 17 or after June 7, and rarely ending before September 29 or after November 8. Time Spent in Various Temperature Bands and the Growing Season The percentage of time spent in various temperature bands: frigid < 15°F < freezing < 32°F < very cold < 45°F < cold < 55°F < cool < 65°F < comfortable < 75°F < warm < 85°F < hot < 95°F < sweltering. The black line is the percentage chance that a given day is within the growing season. Growing degree days are a measure of yearly heat accumulation used to predict plant and animal development, and defined as the integral of warmth above a base temperature, discarding any excess above a maximum temperature. In this report, we use a base of 50°F and a cap of 86°F. Based on growing degree days alone, the first spring blooms in Big Bear City should appear around April 14, only rarely appearing before March 26 or after May 3. Growing Degree Days The average growing degree days accumulated over the course of the year, with 25th to 75th and 10th to 90th percentile bands. Solar Energy This section discusses the total daily incident shortwave solar energy reaching the surface of the ground over a wide area, taking full account of seasonal variations in the length of the day, the elevation of the Sun above the horizon, and absorption by clouds and other atmospheric constituents. Shortwave radiation includes visible light and ultraviolet radiation. The average daily incident shortwave solar energy experiences extreme seasonal variation over the course of the year. The brighter period of the year lasts for 3.5 months, from April 24 to August 6, with an average daily incident shortwave energy per square meter above 7.6 k Wh. The brightest day of the year is June 18, with an average of 8.8 k Wh. The darker period of the year lasts for 3.2 months, from November 6 to February 11, with an average daily incident shortwave energy per square meter below 4.2 k Wh. The darkest day of the year is December 22, with an average of 3.1 k Wh. Average Daily Incident Shortwave Solar Energy The average daily shortwave solar energy reaching the ground per square meter (orange line), with 25th to 75th and 10th to 90th percentile bands. Topography For the purposes of this report, the geographical coordinates of Big Bear City are 34.261 deg latitude, -116.845 deg longitude, and 6,998 ft elevation. The topography within 2 miles of Big Bear City contains very significant variations in elevation, with a maximum elevation change of 1,473 feet and an average elevation above sea level of 6,995 feet. Within 10 miles contains very significant variations in elevation ( 7,493 feet ). Within 50 miles also contains extreme variations in elevation ( 11,483 feet ). The area within 2 miles of Big Bear City is covered by shrubs ( 60%) and trees ( 37% ), within 10 miles by shrubs ( 51%) and trees ( 47% ), and within 50 miles by shrubs ( 81% ). Data Sources This report illustrates the typical weather in Big Bear City, based on a statistical analysis of historical hourly weather reports and model reconstructions from January 1, 1980 to December 31, 2016. Temperature and Dew Point There are 5 weather stations near enough to contribute to our estimation of the temperature and dew point in Big Bear City. For each station, the records are corrected for the elevation difference between that station and Big Bear City according to the International Standard Atmosphere, and by the relative change present in the MERRA-2 satellite-era reanalysis between the two locations. The estimated value at Big Bear City is computed as the weighted average of the individual contributions from each station, with weights proportional to the inverse of the distance between Big Bear City and a given station. The stations contributing to this reconstruction are: San Bernardino International Airport (18%, 40 kilometers, southwest); Palm Springs International Airport (15%, 58 kilometers, southeast); Southern California Logistics Airport (27%, 61 kilometers, northwest); Twenty-Nine Palms, Marine Corps Air-Ground Combat Center (21%, 63 kilometers, east); and Barstow Daggett County Airport (20%, 66 kilometers, north). Other Data All data relating to the Sun's position (e.g., sunrise and sunset) are computed using astronomical formulas from the book, Astronomical Tables of the Sun, Moon and Planets, by Jean Meeus. All other weather data, including cloud cover, precipitation, wind speed and direction, and solar flux, come from NASA's MERRA-2 Modern-Era Retrospective Analysis. This reanalysis combines a variety of wide-area measurements in a state-of-the-art global meteorological model to reconstruct the hourly history of weather throughout the world on a 50-kilometer grid. Land Use data comes from the Global Land Cover SHARE database, published by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. Elevation data comes from the Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM), published by NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory. Names, locations, and time zones of places and some airports come from the Geo Names Geographical Database. Time zones for aiports and weather stations are provided by Ask Geo.com. Maps are © Esri, with data from National Geographic, Esri, De Lorme, NAVTEQ, UNEP-WCMC, USGS, NASA, ESA, METI, NRCAN, GEBCO, NOAA, and i PC. Disclaimer The information on this site is provided as is, without any assurances as to its accuracy or suitability for any purpose. Weather data is prone to errors, outages, and other defects. We assume no responsibility for any decisions made on the basis of the content presented on this site. We draw particular cautious attention to our reliance on the MERRA-2 model-based reconstructions for a number of important data series. While having the tremendous advantages of temporal and spatial completeness, these reconstructions: (1) are based on computer models that may have model-based errors, (2) are coarsely sampled on a 50 km grid and are therefore unable to reconstruct the local variations of many microclimates, and (3) have particular difficulty with the weather in some coastal areas, especially small islands. We further caution that our travel scores are only as good as the data that underpin them, that weather conditions at any given location and time are unpredictable and variable, and that the definition of the scores reflects a particular set of preferences that may not agree with those of any particular reader.


what is prf for

t]Pulse repetition frequency (PRF) is the number of times a pulsed activity occurs every second. This is similar to cycle per second used to describe other types of waveforms. PRF has a pulse period,, which is the time between pulses. PRF is usually associated with pulse spacing, which is the distance that the pulse travels before the next pulse occurs.

Pulse repetition frequency

"""Pulses per second"" redirects here. It is not to be confused with Pulse-per-second signal. The pulse repetition frequency ( PRF) is the number of pulses of a repeating signal in a specific time unit, normally measured in pulses per second. The term is used within a number of technical disciplines, notably radar. In radar, a radio signal of a particular carrier frequency is turned on and off; the term ""frequency"" refers to the carrier, while the PRF refers to the number of switches. Both are measured in terms of cycle per second, or hertz. The PRF is normally much lower than the frequency. For instance, a typical World War II radar like the Type 7 GCI radar had a basic carrier frequency of 209 MHz (209 million cycles per second) and a PRF of 300 or 500 pulses per second. A related measure is the pulse width, the amount of time the transmitter is turned on during each pulse. The PRF is one of the defining characteristics of a radar system, which normally consists of a powerful transmitter and sensitive receiver connected to the same antenna. After producing a brief pulse of radio signal, the transmitter is turned off in order for the receiver units to hear the reflections of that signal off distant targets. Since the radio signal has to travel out to the target and back again, the required inter-pulse quiet period is a function of the radar's desired range. Longer periods are required for longer range signals, requiring lower PRFs. Conversely, higher PRFs produce shorter maximum ranges, but broadcast more pulses, and thus radio energy, in a given time. This creates stronger reflections that make detection easier. Radar systems must balance these two competing requirements. Using older electronics, PRFs were generally fixed to a specific value, or might be switched among a limited set of possible values. This gives each radar system a characteristic PRF, which can be used in electronic warfare to identify the type or class of a particular platform such as a ship or aircraft, or in some cases, a particular unit. Radar warning receivers in aircraft include a library of common PRFs which can identify not only the type of radar, but in some cases the mode of operation. This allowed pilots to be warned when an SA-2 SAM battery had ""locked on"", for instance. Modern radar systems are generally able to smoothly change their PRF, pulse width and carrier frequency, making identification much more difficult. Sonar and lidar systems also have PRFs, as does any pulsed system. In the case of sonar, the term pulse repetition rate ( PRR) is more common, although it refers to the same concept. Contents [ hide ]1 Introduction2 Definition3 Physics4 Measurement4.1 Range ambiguity4.2 Low PRF4.3 Medium PRF4.4 High PRF4.5 Sonar4.6 Laser5 See also6 References Introduction [ edit]Electromagnetic (radio or sound) waves are conceptually pure single frequency phenomena while pulses may be mathematically thought of as composed of a number of pure frequencies that sum and nullify in interactions that create a pulse train of the specific amplitudes, PRRs, base frequencies, phase characteristics, et cetera (See Fourier Analysis ). The first term (PRF) is more common in device technical literature ( Electrical Engineering and some sciences), and the latter (PRR) more commonly used in military-aerospace terminology (especially United States armed forces terminologies) and equipment specifications such as training and technical manuals for radar and sonar systems. The reciprocal of PRF (or PRR) is called the pulse repetition time ( PRT ), pulse repetition interval ( PRI ), or inter-pulse period ( IPP ), which is the elapsed time from the beginning of one pulse to the beginning of the next pulse. The IPP term is normally used when referring to the quantity of PRT periods to be processed digitally. Each PRT having a fixed number of range gates, but not all of them being used. For example, the APY-1 radar used 128 IPP's with a fixed 50 range gates, producing 128 Doppler filters using an FFT. The different number of range gates on each of the five PRF's all being less than 50. Within radar technology PRF is important since it determines the maximum target range ( R max) and maximum Doppler velocity ( V max) that can be accurately determined by the radar. [1] Conversely, a high PRR/PRF can enhance target discrimination of nearer objects, such as a periscope or fast moving missile. This leads to use of low PRRs for search radar, and very high PRFs for fire control radars. Many dual-purpose and navigation radars—especially naval designs with variable PRRs—allow a skilled operator to adjust PRR to enhance and clarify the radar picture—for example in bad sea states where wave action generates false returns, and in general for less clutter, or perhaps a better return signal off a prominent landscape feature (e.g., a cliff). Definition [ edi

Physics [ edit]PRF is crucial to perform measurements for certain physics phenomenon. For example, a tachometer may use a strobe light with an adjustable PRF to measure rotational velocity. The PRF for the strobe light is adjusted upward from a low value until the rotating object appears to stand still. The PRF of the tachometer would then match the speed of the rotating object. Other types of measurements involve distance using the delay time for reflected echo pulses from light, microwaves, and sound transmissions. Measurement [ edit]PRF is crucial for systems and devices that measure distance. Radar Laser range finder Sonar Different PRF allow systems to perform very different functions. A radar system uses a radio frequency electromagnetic signal reflected from a target to determine information about that target. PRF is required for radar operation. This is the rate at which transmitter pulses are sent into air or space. Range ambiguity [ edit]A real target in 100 km or a second-sweep echo in a distance of 400 km? A radar system determines range through the time delay between pulse transmission and reception by the relation: For accurate range determination a pulse must be transmitted and reflected before the next pulse is transmitted. This gives rise to the maximum unambiguous range limit: {The maximum range also defines a range ambiguity for all detected targets. Because of the periodic nature of pulsed radar systems, it is impossible for some radar system to determine the difference between targets separated by integer multiples of the maximum range using a single PRF. More sophisticated radar systems avoid this problem through the use of multiple PRFs either simultaneously on different frequencies or on a single frequency with a changing PRT. The range ambiguity resolution process is used to identify true range when PRF is above this limit. Low PRF [ edit]Systems using PRF below 3 k Hz are considered low PRF because direct range can be measured to a distance of at least 50 km. Radar systems using low PRF typically produce unambiguous range. Unambiguous Doppler processing becomes an increasing challenge due to coherency limitations as PRF falls below 3 k Hz. For example, an L-Band radar with 500 Hz pulse rate produces ambiguous velocity above 75 m/s (170 mile/hour), while detecting true range up to 300 km. This combination is appropriate for civilian aircraft radar and weather radar. Low PRF radar have reduced sensitivity in the presence of low-velocity clutter that interfere with aircraft detection near terrain. Moving target indicator is generally required for acceptable performance near terrain, but this introduces radar scalloping issues that complicate the receiver. Low PRF radar intended for aircraft and spacecraft detection are heavily degraded by weather phenomenon, which cannot be compensated using moving target indicator. Medium PRF [ edit]Range and velocity can both be identified using medium PRF, but neither one can be identified directly. Medium PRF is from 3 k Hz to 30 k Hz, which corresponds with radar range from 5 km to 50 km. This is the ambiguous range, which is much smaller than the maximum range. Range ambiguity resolution is used to determine true range in medium PRF radar. Medium PRF is used with Pulse-Doppler radar, which is required for look-down/shoot-down capability in military systems. Doppler radar return is generally not ambiguous until velocity exceeds the speed of sound. A technique called ambiguity resolution is required to identify true range and speed. Doppler signals fall between 1.5 k Hz, and 15 k Hz, which is audible, so audio signals from medium-PRF radar systems can be used for passive target classification. For example, an L band radar system using a PRF of 10 k Hz with a duty cycle of 3.3% can identify true range to a distance of 450 km (30 * C / 10,000 km/s). This is the instrumented range. Unambiguous velocity is 1,500 m/s (3,300 mile/hour). The unambiguous velocity of an L-Band radar using a PRF of 10 k Hz would be 1,500 m/s (3,300 mile/hour) (10,000 x C / (2 x 10^9)). True velocity can be found for objects moving under 45,000 m/s if the band pass filter admits the signal (1,500/0.033). Medium PRF has unique radar scalloping issues that require redundant detection schemes. High PRF [ edit]Systems using PRF above 30 k Hz function better known as interrupted continuous-wave (ICW) radar because direct velocity can be measured up to 4.5 km/s at L band, but range resolution becomes problematic. High PRF is limited to systems that require close-in performance, like proximity fuses and law enforcement radar. For example, if 30 samples are taken during the quiescent phase between transmit pulses using a 30 k Hz PRF, then true range can be determined to a maximum of 150 km using 1 microsecond samples (30 x C / 30,000 km/s). Reflectors beyond this range might be detectable, but the true range cannot be identified. It becomes increasingly difficult to take multiple samples between transmit pulses at these pulse frequencies, so range measurements are limited to short distances. [2]Sonar [ edit]Sonar systems operate much like radar, except that the medium is liquid or air, and the frequency of the signal is either audio or ultra-sonic. Like radar, lower frequencies propagate relatively higher energies longer distances with less resolving ability. Higher frequencies, which damp out faster, provide increased resolution of nearby objects. Signals propagate at the speed of sound in the medium (almost always water), and maximum PRF depends upon the size of the object being examined. For example, the speed of sound in water is 1,497 m/s, and the human body is about 0.5 m thick, so the PRF for ultrasound images of the human body should be less than about 2 k Hz (1,497/0.5). As another example, ocean depth is approximately 2 km, so sound takes over a second to return from the sea floor. Sonar is a very slow technology with very low PRF for this reason. Laser [ edit]Main article: lidar Light waves can be used as radar frequencies, in which case the system is known as lidar, which is short for ""LIght ra DAR"". Laser range or other light signal frequency range finders operate just like radar at much higher frequencies. Non-laser light detection is utilized extensively in automated machine control systems (e.g. electric eyes controlling a garage door, conveyor sorting gates, etc. ), and those that use pulse rate detection and ranging are at heart, the same type of system as a radar—without the bells and whistles of the human interface. Unlike lower radio signal frequencies, light does not bend around the curve of the earth or reflect off the ionosphere like C-band search radar signals, and so lidar is useful only in line of sight applications like higher frequency radar systems. See also [ edit]Radar Pulse-Doppler radar Weather radar References [ edit]^ ""Pulse Repetition Frequency"". Radartutorial.^ ""Continuous Wave Radar"". Retrieved January 29, 2011. "


what honey locust are seedless

ess.`Majestic' has nice dark-green foliage. It is seedless and podless. Comments Native Honey Locust trees are best known for their hazardous thorns and long, flat seed pods. Thornless, podless nursery varieties are highly recommended. Lacy foliage gives a loose, open shade ideal for patios and shade loving plants.

Honey Locust

Honey Locust A honey locust G. Lumis The leaf of a honey locust G. Lumis Scientific Name: Gleditsia triancanthos Summary Foliage: Deciduous broadleaf Height: 30 to 70 feet Spread: 30 to 50 feet Shape: Spreading Long compound leaves have little leaflets giving the foliage a lacy effect. Bright green foliage turns yellow in fall. Plant Needs Zone: 4 to 9 Light: Partial shade to full sun Moisture: Wet, moist, or dry Soil Type: Sandy, loam, or clay p H Range: 4.5 to 7.3Functions Suggested uses for this plant include shade, street tree, massing, and specimen plant. Planting Notes Plant improved thornless, podless varieties. Easy to transplant because it withstands a wide range of conditions. Does best in moist bottomlands or soils with high p H. Prefers full sun. Extremely salt tolerant. Care Spray twice yearly to control webworms. Click here to learn how to improve the soil. Problems Susceptible to mimosa webworms, leaf hoppers, spider mites, and leaf galls. Webworms are the worst problem, occasionally defoliating trees by August. Alternatives Consult local sources, including historic or public gardens and arboreta, regarding cultivars and related species that grow well in your area. Cultivars of GLEDITSIA TRIACANTHOS `Sunburst' has yellow new foliage which turns bright-green. It is seedless and podless.`Shademaster' has ascending branches, dark green leaves. It is seedless and podl

In autumn, the small leaflets filter into the grass as they fall, requiring little raking. This material was developed by Carol Ness as part of the Interactive Design and Development Project funded by the Kellogg Foundation. Mary Miller, Project Director. Diane Relf, Content Specialist, Horticulture. Copyright 1989 by VCE.


a benefit of a monopoly is

Answer The advantages of a monopoly include reducing resource waste, improving efficiency due to better investments, providing discounts to the economically weak and investing in research and development; some disadvantages include poor service, low quality goods and higher prices, no consumer sovereignty and no competition.

World View Social Sciences Economics Q: What Are the Advantages and Disadvantages of a Monopoly? A: Quick

When a monopoly has low competition, this may result in consumers getting goods that are either out of date or low in quality. Continue Reading Keep Learning What Are Advantages and Disadvantages of Price Discrimination? What Are the Advantages and Disadvantages of ASEAN? What Are Some of the Advantages and Disadvantages of Economic Growth? Full Answer In a market, a monopoly is the only seller, but there are numerous buyers. This allows them to set their prices without fear of competition having lower prices. The consumers in the monopoly's market may not have a lot of information about the monopoly or what they offer. The goods they offer generally do not have comparable substitutes. Learn more about Economics Sources: economicshelp.org wikipedia.org economicsonline.co.uk Related Questions Q: What Are the Advantages and Disadvantages of Mercantilism? A: The benefits of mercantilism include increased employment, the development of new technologies and products, and positive cultural exchanges as mercantilis... Full Answer >Filed Under: Economics Q: What Are the Advantages and Disadvantages of the GDP in Macroeconomics? A: Using GDP in macroeconomics gives the advantage of easy calculation, because most GDP calculations use the same methodology and it correlates with developm... Full Answer >Filed Under: Economics Q: What Are the Advantages and Disadvantages of Labor Unions? A: Supporters of labor unions argue that they give allow workers greater opportunities for securing higher wages, benefits and better working environments, wh... Full Answer >Filed Under: Economics Q: What Are the Advantages and Disadvantages of Free Trade? A: The main of advantage of free trade is lower prices for consumers, while a disadvantage is that domestic firms often find it difficult to compete with larg... Full Answer >Filed Under: Economics You May Also Like Q: What Are Some Advantages of Mail Merge? Q: What Are the Advantages and Disadvantages of Sales Promotions? Q: What Is Incremental Margin? Q: What Are the Advantages of Using a PBX Phone System? Q: What Are the Advantages and Disadvantages of LAN? Q: What Are the Advantages of Exercise?


what can displace oxygen

y Answers.com ® is making the world better one answer at a time. CO2 can displace oxygen, because it is heavier than oxygen. Here is a link to nafed: ""The mechanisms by which carbon dioxide extinguishes fire are rather well known. If we go back to the familiar fire triangle, we realize that an interaction between fuel, oxygen and heat is necessary to produce a fire condition.

What gases displace oxygen?

"Answers.com ® Wiki Answers ® Categories Science Chemistry Elements and Compounds What gases displace oxygen? Flag What gases displace oxygen? Answered by The Wiki Answers ®Communit

When these three elements are present in a proper relationship, fire will result. Carbon dioxide extinguishes fire by physically attacking all three points of the fire triangle. The primary attack is on the oxygen content of the atmosphere. The introduction of CO2 into the fire zone displaces sufficient oxygen in the atmosphere to extinguish the open burning. At the same time, the extinguishing process is aided by a reduction in the concentration of gasified fuel in the fire area. And finally, CO2 does provide some cooling in the fire zone to complete the extinguishing process.1 person found this useful Was this answer useful? Yes Somewhat No Ulvang 2 Contributions Does carbon dioxide displace oxygen? Yes Why is water displacement used in collecting oxygen?oxygen is insoluble (hardly soluble to be exact) in water Why oxygen can be collected by the downward displacement of water? Oxygen is carried by downward displacement of waterbecause in the experiment of preparing oxygen from hydrogenperoxide using manganese dioxide as a catalyst, when the gas jar …Which gases are lighter than oxygen? Oxygen is a very light gas. However, helium is much lighter thanoxygen. This is why helium filled balloons rise. What other gases are related to oxygen? Well there is Carbon monoxide, And other types of gases that come out of organisms like for example, Cows, Humans, What goes into trees, All sorts of things. Enjoi :) - Camero …What displaces oxygen from hemoglobin?carbon monoxide can. it has a higher binding affinity to haemoglobin than oxygen does. Aaron Del Duca Manager, Strategic Initiatives DNA Genotek Inc. Wolfgang schwartzschild 16,616 Contributions Will nitrogen displace oxygen? You can force it to do so with sufficient energy and creative conditions but you are taking two elements from extreme ends of the reactivity spectrum and imagining something t …Rpt908nb2t8346 1,610 Contributions Which gases are in oxygen? Oxygen is an element - it contains no other constituent gases. Can oxygen be collected by the downward displacement of water? Yes , because it is slightly soluble in water Rnp 279 212,567 Contributions Is nitrogen and oxygen noble gases? No. nitrogen and oxygen are gases, but not noble gases. Does oxygen react with noble gases? No! oxygen does not react with a noble gas because a noble gas does not want any electrons. This means, it's outer shell or valence shell is filled with electrons. Aman Taneja 20,307 Contributions Ozone Enthusiast and a budding Software Engineer What is oxygens role in greenhouse gases? Oxygen is not a greenhouse gas. It deceases the greenhouse gases. Rushabh Yapuram 38,567 Contributions B. Tech in Computer Science and Engineering Answered In Elements and Compounds Where did ozone and oxygen gases come from? They were already present in nature. They were just discovered byscientists. The Prism Group 305,894 Contributions I AM GILGAMESH. . . . WITH A PHDAnswered In Elements and Compounds What does displace oxygen mean? Moves it out of area Don Dfoofnik 4,378,273 Contributions There are three kinds of answers: ones that are mostly right, ones that are mostly wrong, and those that once were right but now are wrong. Answered In Chemistry What chemical displaces oxygen in the air? There are several chemicals that as a gas will displace oxygen,depending on the partial pressure of the gas and the atmosphere. Infirefighting systems, the halon family of ine …Jake Weatherby 139,353 Contributions Answered In Chemistry Can freon displace oxygen in the air? Yes. All gasses take up space and can therefore displace oxygen. Jake Weatherby 139,353 Contributions Answered In Science Why does nitrogen displace oxygen? Like all gasses, nitrogen takes up space, so when nitrogen is putinto a given area it pushed other gasses, including oxygen, out ofthe way. "


what is the synonym for prudent

)adj.1. Careful or wise in handling practical matters; exercising good judgment or common sense:a prudent manager of money.2. Characterized by or resulting from care or wisdom in practical matters or in planning for thefuture: a prudent investment.

prudence

"prudence Also found in: Thesaurus, Medical, Legal, Financial, Acronyms, Encyclopedia, Wikipedia .pru·dent (pro͞od′nt

[Middle English, from Old French, from Latin prūdēns, prūdent-, contraction of prōvidēns, present participle of prōvidēre, to provide for; see provide . ]pru′dence (pro͞od′ns) n.pru′dent·ly adv. American Heritage® Dictionary of the English Language, Fifth Edition. Copyright © 2016 by Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company. Published by Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company. All rights reserved.prudence ( ˈpruːdəns) n1. caution in practical affairs; discretion or circumspection2. care taken in the management of one's resources3. consideration for one's own interests4. the condition or quality of being prudent Collins English Dictionary – Complete and Unabridged, 12th Edition 2014 © Harper Collins Publishers 1991, 1994, 1998, 2000, 2003, 2006, 2007, 2009, 2011, 2014pru•dence (ˈprud ns)n.1. the quality or fact of being prudent.2. wisdom with regard to practical matters.3. cautiousness; circumspection.4. provident care in the management of resources; economy. [1300–50]Random House Kernerman Webster's College Dictionary, © 2010 K Dictionaries Ltd. Copyright 2005, 1997, 1991 by Random House, Inc. All rights reserved. Prudenceof vicars: vicars collectively — Bk. of St. Albans, 1486. Dictionary of Collective Nouns and Group Terms. Copyright 2008 The Gale Group, Inc. All rights reserved. Thesaurus Antonyms Related Words Synonyms Legend: Switch to new thesaurus Noun 1. prudence - discretion in practical affairsnatural virtue - (scholasticism) one of the four virtues (prudence, justice, fortitude,and temperance) derived from naturediscernment, discretion - the trait of judging wisely and objectively; ""a man of discernment""providence - the prudence and care exercised by someone in the management of resourcesfrugality, frugalness - prudence in avoiding wasteimprudence - a lack of caution in practical affairs2. prudence - knowing how to avoid embarrassment or distress; ""the servants showed greattact and discretion""circumspection, discreetness, discretionsagaciousness, sagacity, discernment, judgement, judgment - the mental ability to understand and discriminate between relationsconfidentiality - discretion in keeping secret information Based on Word Net 3.0, Farlex clipart collection. © 2003-2012 Princeton University, Farlex Inc.prudencenoun1. caution, care, discretion, vigilance, wariness, circumspection, canniness, heedfulness He urged prudence rather than haste on any new resolution.2. wisdom, common sense, good sense, good judgment, sagacity, judiciousnessacting with prudence and judgement3. thrift, economy, planning, saving, precaution, foresight, providence, preparedness, good management, husbandry, frugality, forethought, economizing, far-sightedness, careful budgeting A lack of prudence may lead to financial problems. Quotations ""I would rather worry without need than live without heed"" [Beaumarchais The Barber of Seville] ""Prudence is a rich, ugly, old maid courted by incapacity"" [William Blake Proverbs of Hell]Proverbs""Take care of the pennies and the pounds will look after themselves"" ""A stitch in time saves nine""""Waste not, want not""Collins Thesaurus of the English Language – Complete and Unabridged 2nd Edition. 2002 © Harper Collins Publishers 1995, 2002prudencenoun1. The exercise of good judgment or common sense in practical matters:caution, circumspection, discretion, forehandedness, foresight, foresightedness, forethought, forethoughtfulness, precaution.2. Careful use of material resources:economy, frugality, providence, thrift, thriftiness. The American Heritage® Roget's Thesaurus. Copyright © 2013, 2014 by Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company. Published by Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company. All rights reserved. Translations Select a language:prudenciaprudence [ˈpruːd ə ns] N → prudencia f Collins Spanish Dictionary - Complete and Unabridged 8th Edition 2005 © William Collins Sons & Co. Ltd. 1971, 1988 © Harper Collins Publishers 1992, 1993, 1996, 1997, 2000, 2003, 2005prudent ( ˈpruːdənt) adjectivewise and careful. a prudent person/attitude. prudenteˈprudently adverbprudentementeˈprudence nounwisdom and caution. prudencia Kernerman English Multilingual Dictionary © 2006-2013 K Dictionaries Ltd. Want to thank TFD for its existence? Tell a friend about us, add a link to this page, or visit the webmaster's page for free fun content . Link to this page: Facebook Twitter "


do physicians pay for insurance from their salaries?

Active-duty physicians and their dependents will receive free or discounted health care coverage and dental coverage. Physicians in the Reserve and Guard can also participate in TRICARE Reserve Select, which is part of the Military's health care plan. Finally, physicians can receive up to $400,000 in term life insurance coverage for only $29 a month.

Physician Salary + Benefits

Physician Salary + Benefits The Military provides benefits for physicians and their families competitive with what is offered in the civilian world. These benefits include not only pay, but also repayment of student loans and various types of insurance coverage. Base Pay + Allowances All active-duty physicians receive base pay, along with housing and subsistence allowances. Members of the Reserve or Guard are paid for drilling (training in your military and medical duties) and when they are deployed. Pay and allowances will increase along with your rank as an officer, and military physicians can expect promotions every five to six years. Depending on experience and specialty, licensed physicians may be able to enter at a higher rank, which means they would receive a higher base pay. Compensation Estimator for Military Careers More Information Army Benefits Special Pay + Bonuses Depending on your specialty and experience, special pays will increase your overall take-home pay. The opportunities to receive special pay will increase during your time of service. Special pay may be based on your specialty, board certification, the length of your service agreement or deployment. Health Professions Scholarship Program participants may receive a $20,000 sign-on bonus in exchange for four years of active-duty service in a non-training status. Licensed physicians with in-demand skills may receive a signing bonus from either the active-duty or Reserve forces, as well as special pays that correspond to their medical specialties. Retirement Benefits The Military offers considerable retirement benefits for physicians in Active Duty, the Reserve or the Guard. If you serve for 20 years (and reach age 60 for Reserve and Guard), you have a choice to receive a monthly pension based on your base pay, or a discounted lump sum, paid either all at once or distributed annually for up to four years. All service members are also automatically enrolled in the Thrift Savings Plan (TSP), which deducts money from your paycheck to save in a retirement account, similar to a civilian 401 (k). The Services match your contribution after two years, which is also when that savings is yours to take with you, even if you leave the Military. More information on the Uniformed Services Blended Retirement System Insurance: Medical, Dental + Life

Student Loan Repayment Medical school is expensive, but the Health Professions Loan Repayment Program (HPLRP) offers up to $120,000 to help you with your student loans in exchange for a service commitment. Those in the Reserve and Guard are also eligible for student loan repayment, with the amount varying based on specialty and length of service commitment. Members of the Reserve and Guard who participated in the Medical and Dental Student Stipend Program during medical school are also eligible to apply for loan repayment. The HPLRP offers up to $120,000 to help you with your student loans in exchange for a service commitment. If you are a medical student interested in scholarships rather than student loan repayment, learn more about the Military's medical school scholarships or the Military's medical school. Malpractice Insurance The Military provides malpractice coverage for active-duty physicians practicing in a military setting. However, active-duty physicians who moonlight outside their military position must pay for their own malpractice coverage. Also, physicians in the Reserve and Guard receive malpractice coverage when they are serving for the Military, but they will need to pay for their own malpractice coverage when practicing as civilians. Contact a Recruiter Next Step: Community and Lifestyle


who wrote we just disagree original

We Just Disagree "" is a song recorded by English singer-guitarist Dave Mason, written by Jim Krueger.

We Just Disagree

"We Just Disagree From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedianavigation search""We Just Disagree""Single by Dave Masonfrom the album Let It Flow B-side ""Mystic Traveller""Released August 1977Format 7"" single Recorded 1977Genre Soft rock [1]Length 3: 00Label Columbia Songwriter (s) Jim Krueger Producer (s) Dave Mason, Ron Nevison Dave Mason singles chronology""So High (Rock Me Baby and Roll Me Away)"" (1977) "" We Just Disagree "" (1977) ""Mystic Traveller"" (1978)""

[2]Contents [ hide ]1 Dave Mason version2 Billy Dean version2.1 Music video2.2 Chart performance2.3 Year-end charts3 Other cover versions4 References5 External links Dave Mason version [ edit]Released in August 1977 as the second single from the album Let It Flow, the ballad featured Krueger's 12-string guitar prominently; the author also sang the harmony above Mason's lead vocal. [3] It reached number 12 on the Billboard Hot 100 in 1977. Chart (1977-78) Peak position US Billboard Hot 100 [4] 12US Billboard Adult Contemporary [5] 19Billy Dean version [ edit]""We Just Disagree""Single by Billy Deanfrom the album Fire in the Dark Released November 1, 1993Recorded 1993Genre Country Length 3: 24Label Liberty Songwriter (s) Jim Krueger Producer (s) Jimmy Bowen, Billy Dean Billy Dean singles chronology"" I'm Not Built That Way "" (1993) "" We Just Disagree "" (1993) "" Cowboy Band "" (1994)The song was later covered in 1993 by country singer Billy Dean. It was released in November 1993 as the fourth and final single from his album Fire in the Dark. It was a Top Ten hit on the country music charts, peaking at number 9. Music video [ edit]The music video was directed by Marius Penczner and premiered in early 1994. Chart performance [ edit]Chart (1993–1994) Peak position Canada Country Tracks ( RPM) [6] 6US Hot Country Songs ( Billboard) [7] 9Year-end charts [ edit]Chart (1994) Position Canada Country Tracks ( RPM) [8] 83Other cover versions [ edit]A novelty grindcore cover of the song appears on Anal Cunt 's 1997 album, I Like It When You Die. Bob Dylan covered the song on his Fall 1980 tour. [9]Recently released by Home Free Vocal Band on their Timeless Album. References [ edit]^ One Hit Wonder Center - one hit wonder music of the '50s, '60s, '70s, '80s and '90s^ "" Let It Flow / Dave Mason"". Allmusic. Retrieved 2012-03-14.^ ""Dave Mason article (VERY long) - The Ledge"". Ledge.fleetwoodmac.net. Retrieved 2012-03-14.^ ""Dave Mason Chart History (Hot 100)"". Billboard.^ Whitburn, Joel (1993). Top Adult Contemporary: 1961–1993. Record Research. p. 154.^ "" Top RPM Country Tracks: Issue 2391 ."" RPM. Library and Archives Canada. February 21, 1994. Retrieved August 4, 2013.^ ""Billy Dean Chart History (Hot Country Songs)"". Billboard.^ ""RPM Top 100 Country Tracks of 1994"". RPM. December 12, 1994. Retrieved August 4, 2013.^ http://www.bjorner.com/80-a.htm External links [ edit]Lyrics of this song at Metro Lyrics [ show]v t e Dave Mason [ show]v t e Billy Dean Categories:1977 singles 1993 singles Dave Mason songs Billy Dean songs Song recordings produced by Jimmy Bowen Columbia Records singles Liberty Records singles 1977 songs Song recordings produced by Ron Nevison "


ira transfer vs rollover ira

Examples include 401k to traditional IRA or 401k to Roth IRA transactions. Rollovers can only be made once every 365 days, and you must notify the IRS. A transfer occurs when funds from one retirement account are relocated to a new retirement account of the same type.

IRA Rollover vs. Transfer: Critical Questions Maybe you’re moving on to bigger and better things after being offered a job at another firm. What are you going to do about that pesky 401k still under your previous employer? Or maybe you have kept your IRA at a particular custodian for years, out of loyalty, but the returns have been lackluster. Thankfully, you have a number of IRA transfer options, and the “best” one depends on the risk you’re willing to take and whether you fully understand the tax implications involved. You can either rollover or transfer your funds into a new retirement account, and knowing the difference between these two distribution methods is crucial for the safety of your nest egg. A couple of wrong moves and you could be out thousands of dollars, or more. Definition of IRA Rollover vs Transfer Many people wrongfully believe the terms “rollover” and “transfer” are interchangeable. While they both concern moving funds from one account to another, the process differs enormously. A rollover occurs when funds from one retirement account (typically under your current or former employer, but not in all cases) are relocated to a retirement account of a different type.

This includes 401k to 401k, a traditional IRA transfer to traditional IRA, and Roth IRA transfer to Roth IRA transactions. Transfers can be conducted as many times as one likes during the year, and the IRS does not have to be notified. If you get laid off and want to move your 401k to an IRA, it requires a 401k rollover. On the other hand, if you’re switching to a new employer and want to move your 401k to your new employer’s 401k, it requires a transfer. Likewise, if you want to relocate funds from your current traditional IRA to a new traditional IRA, that’s also a transfer rather than a rollover. How IRA Rollovers Work A slew of information exists regarding tax implications and the process of rolling over funds. It’s recommended that you talk to your tax adviser before undergoing this process. But, in the meantime, let’s discuss the basics. When funds are rolled over, a check is made out from the administrator of the account to the recipient (unless it’s a direct transfer, which will be discussed later). The IRS deems this payout as taxable income and requires administrators to withhold 20%. You then have 60 days to re-invest the remaining funds into a new retirement account. If you miss the 60-day deadline, the IRS keeps the 20% that was withheld from your distribution. They may also withhold an extra 10% if you conducted the rollover before the age of 59.5 (an early-withdrawal penalty). If these guidelines are not adhered to, individuals can potentially lose thousands of dollars. The good news: Once you return those funds to an eligible retirement account within 60 days, the IRS will reimburse the amount that was withheld when you file your taxes. However, you must cover the full amount. If your 401k had $8,000 in it and you received $6,400 because 20% was withheld, you have to come up with the $1,600 when re-investing the money into a new retirement account. Only then will the IRS reimburse those funds. How IRA Transfers Work Transfers are more straightforward than rollovers. To conduct a transfer, ask your administrator to send the funds straight to another retirement account. This new account must be of the same type as your previous one (401k to 401k, IRA to IRA). However, you never gain control of the funds during a transfer. They are not distributed to you personally. This is typically known as a “trustee to trustee” or custodial transfer. As such, the IRS does not consider the funds taxable income and never touches them. Transfers act as a hassle-free way to relocate funds when the same account types are involved and there’s no need to take delivery of the funds before they go into another account. It’s important to note, even though you never gain control of the funds, your administrator may write you a check made payable to [the new administrator] + [FBO] + [your name]. FBO stand for “for the benefit of.” You cannot cash this check and it must be sent directly to the new administrator. This is still considered a transfer, not a rollover. Direct IRA Rollovers vs Transfer To make matters slightly more complicated (but not overwhelmingly so), there are two types of rollovers; direct and indirect. Direct rollovers act like transfers, in that the money never touches your hands. However, unlike transfers, they occur between retirement accounts of different types. You must report a rollover to the IRS, whether you’re conducting a direct or indirect rollover. Indirect IRA Rollovers Indirect rollovers come with the tax implications. They occur between retirement accounts of different types, but your administrator cashes out your account and hands you a check with the amount required by the IRS withheld. This amount differs whether you’re rolling over from a 401k or an IRA. If you’re rolling over from a 401k, 20% of the total will be withheld. If you’re rolling over from an IRA, 10% will be withheld. To reiterate, you are responsible for coming up with the amount of the withholding when re-investing your funds. Only then will the IRS reimburse you at tax time. Critical Questions for IRA Rollovers vs Transfers Of course, you can always leave the funds in your previous employer’s 401k. However, if less than $5,000 exists, some 401k plans may automatically empty the account. Contact your administrator as soon as possible to attain these funds. If you’re age 55 or older and lose your job, the IRS allows you to make withdrawals from your 401k without being charged an early-withdrawal penalty. IRAs do not allow you to do this, but you cannot add to your 401k once your employment is terminated. This information is not exhaustive. However, it does provide a strong basis for handling those precious retirement funds. Make sure to contact your tax supervisor for further information or contact Janguard for free, personalized assistance. Alternatively, you can call Janguard directly at 800.571.6341 today for an obligation-free portfolio evaluation as well as recommendations on how you can better secure your financial independence with an IRA transfer.


number of people ditching their landline

The days of having a fixed-line home phone are coming to an end, with 6.67 million Australians ditching the landline in 2017 and moving completely to mobile. By June 30, 36 per cent of Australian adults had scrapped their landline, up from 22 per cent five years ago, the Australian Communications and Media Authority's latest communications report found.

"Business Companies Telecommunications A third of Australians have ditched their landline By Jennifer Duke8 December 2017 — 4:34pm Normal text size Larger text size Very large text size In numbers Online Australians who used a mobile to access the internet at least once a day in 2017.84%Online Australians who used a laptop to access the internet at least once a day in 2017.69%Online Australians who used a desktop computer to access the internet at least once a day in 2017.54%

A third of Australians have ditched their landline. Photo: Theresa Ambrose If the move away from the landline continues at the same pace, the majority of Australians would be mobile-only within the next five years. ""The trend away from landline phones for voice communication has continued for a number of years and has not slowed in recent years,"" ACMA senior research analyst Kylie Trengove said. Providers had been offering home telephone handsets when customers connected to cable and fibre-internet services, including the national broadband network (NBN), which could slow their decline. ""However, our research shows that consumer reliance on mobile phones is continuing to strengthen, with volume of data downloaded over mobile phones handsets by 45 per cent,"" Ms Trengove said. ""Consumers are also increasingly reliant on their mobile phone for communication in a number of ways including making voice calls and sending SMS, along with use of communications apps for messaging or to make voice or video calls. ""Now, eight in 10 Australian adults own a smartphone - up from 64 per cent five years ago. Mobile has also become the most-used device to access the internet, for both the proportion and frequency of use, with 84 per cent of people using their mobile devices to access the internet daily. This outstripped both laptops and desktop computers. Phone operators recorded 4G coverage for 96 to 99 per cent of the Australian population, with 33.64 million mobile services in operation. And while questions have been raised about whether a 5G future could make the NBN obsolete, mobile-only access to the internet is still yet to get a huge amount of traction. ""Despite the increase in internet access over mobile phones, there has not been a corresponding decline in internet access over fixed networks and there is not a clear trend towards mobile-only for internet at this stage,"" Ms Trengove said. Six per cent of adults used just a smartphone to connect to the internet with no other option at home. The increase in smartphone and internet use also coincided with a significant increase in data usage - 3.1 million terabytes were downloaded in the June 2017 quarter. This was up 43 per cent year on year. Communications Alliance chief executive John Stanton said the data showed the ""growing dominance of mobile phones to access the internet"". ""Apart from the convenience of mobile online access, the figures also reflect the much more generous mobile data allowances available in the market – largely freeing consumers from past concerns about the cost of mobile data and the risk of hitting monthly data limits,"" Mr Stanton said. License this article Telecommunications Phones Morning & Afternoon Newsletter Delivered Mon–Fri. By signing up you accept our privacy policy and conditions of use "