what year did the song come out love me like you do

" Love Me like You Do "" is a song recorded by English singer Ellie Goulding for the soundtrack to the film Fifty Shades of Grey (2015). The song was written by Savan Kotecha, Ilya Salmanzadeh, Tove Lo, Max Martin and Ali Payami; the latter two also produced it. Goulding was selected to sing the track.

Love Me like You Do

"From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Redirected from Love Me Like You Do)navigation search This article is about the Ellie Goulding song. For other uses, see Love Me like You Do (disambiguation). ""Love Me like You Do""Single by Ellie Gouldingfrom the album Fifty Shades of Grey: Original Motion Picture Soundtrack Released 7 January 2015Format CD digital download Recorded 2014Studio MXM Studios ( Los Angeles and Stockholm)The Red Room ( Gothenburg) Wolf Cousins Studios (Stockholm)Genre Electropop Length 4: 12Label Cherrytree Interscope Republic Songwriter (s)Max Martin Savan Kotecha Ilya Salmanzadeh Ali Payami Tove Nilsson Producer (s)Max Martin Ali Payami Ellie Goulding singles chronology"" Outside "" (2014) "" Love Me like You Do "" (2015) "" Powerful "" (2015)Fifty Shades soundtrack singles chronology Earned It (2014) Love Me Like You Do (2015) Crazy in Love (Remix) (2015)Music video""Love Me like You Do"" on You Tube"

It was released on 7 January 2015 as the second single from the soundtrack. The song was also included on Goulding's third studio album, Delirium (2015). ""Love Me like You Do"" is a mid-tempo electropop power ballad, with instrumentation consisting of massive synths and crushing drums. Lyrically, similar to the film's theme, the song talks about the uncontrollable feeling of falling in love and being seduced by someone whose touch leaves her begging for more, even when it hurts. It received acclaim from music critics, who praised Goulding's soft vocals and the song for being sultry and grandiose. The song earned Goulding her first Grammy Award nomination for Best Pop Solo Performance, while the songwriters were nominated for the Grammy Award for Best Song Written for Visual Media, the Golden Globe Award for Best Original Song, and the Broadcast Film Critics Association Award for Best Song. ""Love Me like You Do"" was a global success, becoming Goulding's most successful single as well as becoming her first number-one in various countries, topping the charts of over 25 territories, including Australia, Austria, Bulgaria, the Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden and Switzerland. In the United Kingdom, it spent four weeks at number one on the UK Singles Chart, while holding the record for the most-streamed track in a single week in the United Kingdom at the time. In the United States, it peaked at number three on the US Billboard Hot 100 and was her first number-one on the Adult Top 40 and second on the Mainstream Top 40. Its accompanying music video, which features scenes of the film and Goulding dancing with her partner in a ballroom, became the 21st video to receive one billion views on You Tube and received a nomination at the 2015 MTV Video Music Awards for Best Female Video. Contents [ hide ]1 Background2 Composition and lyrics3 Critical reception3.1 Accolades4 Chart performance5 Music video6 Live performances and cover versions7 Track listings8 Credits and personnel9 Charts9.1 Weekly charts9.2 Year-end charts10 Certifications11 Release history12 References13 External links Background [ edit]While seeking material for the Fifty Shades of Grey soundtrack, Republic Records contacted various artists, managers and music publishers to create a compilation that would appropriately represent the film's tone. ""Love Me like You Do"" was the result of Republic executive Tom Mackay contacting Max Martin 's manager about writing a song for the film. [1] Ilya started writing the chorus, while Ali Payami and Martin came next, with Martin ""tweaking"" the song and Savan Kotecha and Tove Lo also contributing with lyrics. According to Kotecha, ""Love Me like You Do"" was already being developed by both him and Martin prior to Fifty Shades of Grey, and he had considered giving the song to American singer Demi Lovato. However, after being shown a scene from the film during a meeting for the film's soundtrack, Martin thought ""Love Me like You Do"" could work, and began reworking the song for inclusion. [2] After that, the film director Sam Taylor-Johnson asked Ellie Goulding to sing the song. Goulding, who previously contributed songs to the soundtracks to The Twilight Saga: Breaking Dawn – Part 2, The Hunger Games: Catching Fire and Divergent, initially thought about declining the invitation to record another song for a soundtrack to focus on her then-upcoming third studio album. However, after meeting the film crew and hearing the ballad she accepted. [3] She commented:""I wasn't going to get involved in that soundtrack because I've done a lot of soundtracks and we kind of thought we've done a bit too much film stuff. So we should probably just chill and write that third album, which is what I should be focusing on. And then I met the director [Sam Taylor-Johnson] and everyone involved and I was like, 'This is a pretty cool thing to be involved in.' Then I heard the song and I was like, 'Woah, this is a pretty awesome song.' I didn't know that it was going to be this big, genuinely. I thought [maybe] it would do well."" [3]A slightly reworked version of the song was included on the soundtrack to the 2018 film Fifty Shades Freed, the third and final installment in the series. [4]Composition and lyrics [ edit]""Love Me like You Do"" was written by Max Martin, Savan Kotecha, Ilya Salmanzadeh, Ali Payami and Tove Lo, with production being done by Martin and Payami; they were also responsible for programming, drums, percussion, keys and bass. Strings were arranged by Mattias Bylund, violin was played by Mattias Johansson and cello by David Bukovinsky. Peter Carlsson was responsible for vocal editing, as well as background vocals, along with Martin, Payami, Ilya, Kotecha, Oscar Holter, Robin Fredriksson and Ludvig Soderberg. It was recorded in Los Angeles and Stockholm. [5] According to the sheet music published at Musicnotes.com by Kobalt Music Group, the song is written in the key of A ♭ major, with a moderate tempo of 96 beats per minute. Goulding's vocal range spans from the low note of Ab3 to the high note of Eb5. [6]""Love Me like You Do"" is a tender electropop power ballad, [7] [8] [9] with a ""synth-filled, '80s-sounding"" production. [10] Its instrumentation consists of massive synthesisers and crushing drums, [8] while Goulding delivers a ""soft, understated vocals"". [9] In the opening seconds she sings, ""You're the cure/ you're the pain/ you're the only thing I want to touch/ Never knew that it/ could mean so much/ You're the fear/ I don't care/ 'Cause I've never been so high."" [11] Lyrically, ""Love Me like You Do"" contrasts ""innocent romantic longing"" and ""brooding, addictive, pain-laced sensuality"", which according to Plugged In 's Adam R. Holz, ""mirrors the story arc of Anastasia Steele and Christian Grey "" in both the book and the film. He went on to explain its lyrical content: "" [It] tells the tale of a woman entranced and seduced by someone whose touch leaves her begging for more, even when—or perhaps especially when—it hurts."" [10]Critical reception [ edit]""Love Me like You Do"" was acclaimed by music critics. Samantha Grossman of Time called the song ""sultry"" and dubbed it a ""solid addition to the Fifty Shades soundtrack."" [12] Christina Garibaldi of MTV News also called it ""sultry"" and ""soft"", adding that ""we can totally picture it being played during any steamy scene."" [13] Ryan Reed of Rolling Stone opined that its ""results are grandiose, considering the film's sensual subject matter."" [8] Jim Farber of the NY Daily News praised her ""little-girl-lost voice"", noting that ""Goulding sounds sweet even when she's courting danger. The music, likewise, goes for a high gloss take on romance, recalling the heavily echoed beats and dense synthesizers of a Phil Collins ballad from the '80s."" [14] Robbie Daw of Idolator described ""Love Me like You Do"" as ""a sweeping power ballad that finds Goulding delivering soft, understated vocals over producer Max Martin's swelling bed of synths."" [9] Lucas Villa of AXS commended Goulding for ""masterfully tread [ing] between delicacy and power in her performance"", calling the song ""intimately magnificent"". [15] Glenn Gamboa of Newsday called it ""sweet, catchy, near-perfect rom-com fare"". [16]Carolyn Menyes of Music Times complimented the song for being ""sweet and dreamy, like the majority of Goulding's discography"", also observing that "" [t]he crawling pace works well as Goulding rolls her way through the melody, all at once being enchanting and loving. Her breathy vocals, as always, complete the atmospheric sensibility of the track."" [17] While reviewing the Fifty Shades of Grey soundtrack, Dave Holmes wrote for Esquire that the song was "" [t]he closest thing to a single we've heard so far"", adding that the song has ""a touch of longing, a little bit of a beat"" and ""Goulding's voice is the sound of heavy petting."" [18] Mikael Wood, writing for Los Angeles Times, said that Goulding ""put across a tender sensuality [...] even as super-producer Max Martin jacks the stadium-rave beat."" [19] Stephen Thomas Erlewine of All Music, in his soundtrack analysis, wrote that ""it moves into the area of background romantic music, a vibe that's sometimes pierced by those overly familiar oldies that surely play a bigger role onscreen than they do on album."" [20] In a less favourable review, Jason Lipshutz of Billboard gave the song two and a half stars out of five, complimenting Goulding's voice as ""one of pop's more distinct voices"" and the tune's ""colossal chorus"", but panning its ""cliched lyrics"". [21]Accolades [ edit]""Love Me like You Do"" was first nominated for a 2015 Teen Choice Award in the category ""Song from a Movie or TV Show"", but eventually lost to Furious 7 's "" See You Again "", performed by Wiz Khalifa and Charlie Puth. [22] It was also nominated for a 2015 MTV Europe Music Award for ""Best Song"", but lost to Taylor Swift 's "" Bad Blood "". [23] At the 2015 BBC Music Awards, the song was nominated for ""Song of the Year"". It won the award of 'Best International Song"" at the 2015 Los Premios 40 Principales. [24] The song is also nominated for ""Favorite Song of the Year"" at the 42nd People's Choice Awards [25] and received two nominations at the 58th Annual Grammy Awards: Best Pop Solo Performance and Best Song Written for Visual Media, becoming the first time Goulding was nominated. [26] The song received a Golden Globe nomination in its upcoming 73rd edition on the Best Original Song category. [27] [ show] Full list of accolades for ""Love Me like You Do""Chart performance [ edit]""Love Me like You Do"" debuted atop the UK Singles Chart with first-week sales of 172,368 units, becoming Goulding's second number-one hit in the United Kingdom after "" Burn "" (2013). [28] [29] The single remained at number one for a second week with chart sales of 118,225 copies and 2.25 million streams, [30] [31] and then a third consecutive week selling a further 118,000 copies. In its third week at number one, ""Love Me like You Do"" broke the streaming record in the United Kingdom at the time, with 2.58 million streams over seven days, surpassing Mark Ronson 's "" Uptown Funk "" previous record. [32] At the same time, the song was streamed almost 15.5 million times globally. [33] It spent a total of four weeks at the top, becoming her longest number-one single in the UK. [34] Elsewhere in Europe, ""Love Me like You Do"" topped the charts in Austria, Bulgaria, the Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden and Switzerland. [35] [36] [37] [38] [39] [40] [41] [42]In the United States, ""Love Me like You Do"" debuted at number 45 on the Billboard Hot 100 chart dated 24 January 2015, with first-week sales of 79,000 copies. [43] The following week, the song climbed to number 36, [44] and then to number 20 in its third week. [45] On the issue dated 14 February 2015, it rose to number 14. [46] ""Love Me like You Do"" reached number nine the following week, becoming Goulding's second top-10 hit on the chart. [47] In its seventh week, the song peaked at number three on the Billboard Hot 100, becoming her highest charting-single since "" Lights "" (2011). [48] On the Pop Songs chart, it was her second single to top the charts, [49] and on the Adult Top 40 it was her first number-one. [50] ""Love Me like You Do"" debuted at number 38 on the Canadian Hot 100 for the week ending 24 January 2015, [51] later peaking at number three. [52] [53] The track entered at number eight on the Australian Singles Chart and at number three on the New Zealand Singles Chart. In its fourth week, ""Love Me like You Do"" reached number one on both charts, becoming Goulding's first number-one hit in both countries. [54] [55] In France, the song was not only her highest-charting single, reaching number five, but also her second top-10 single. [56] In Netherlands, the song was her first solo single to reach the top 10, peaking at number two. [57]Music video [ edit]The music video for ""Love Me like You Do"" was directed by Georgia Hudson and premiered on 22 January 2015. [58] It stars Goulding and her on-screen partner ballroom dancing in a mansion, as well as scenes from Fifty Shades of Grey. Regarding the dance in the video, she commented: ""I am in it. That's me! I'm dancing in it!. [...] I basically have become fascinated with ballroom dancing so I was like, 'Can I please do some dancing in it?'. So they let me do that. There's a guy in it, Charlie, and there's some really sensual moments in it, and it's in a really beautiful house. I think it's one of my favorite videos."" [59] The video received a nomination for Best Female Video at the 2015 MTV Video Music Awards. [60] With over 1.6 billion views, the video is the 31st most viewed You Tube video of all time; [61] it surpassed one billion views on 29 February 2016, becoming the 21st video in the site's history to do so. Live performances and cover versions [ edit]Goulding performed ""Love Me like You Do"" in March 2015 at a Nike app launch. On 17 October 2015, Goulding was invited by Taylor Swift on her 1989 Tour as a surprise guest to sing a duet with her. [62] On 25 October 2015, Goulding delivered a performance at the 2015 MTV Europe Music Awards, which Billboard called ""sexy"" and ""straightforward"". [63] On 7 November 2015, she sang it at the NRJ Music Awards. [64] In the same month, she was also part of the American Express Unstaged, directed by Scarlett Johansson. [65] On 20 November 2015, Goulding's performance at Idol Sweden included the song. [66] On 24 November 2015, she and James Corden sang it in several genres during The Late Late Show with James Corden, including rock, hip hop, country, rave, reggae, folk, and gospel. [67] Goulding performed it during Victoria's Secret Fashion Show, which aired on 8 December 2015. On 6 December 2015, she appeared at Capital FM 's Jingle Bell Ball. [68] On 10 December 2015, she gave another rendition of the song at the 2015 BBC Music Awards with the BBC Concert Orchestra. [69]In March 2015, Circa Waves performed a rock cover at BBC Radio 1 's Live Lounge. [70] That same month, James Arthur covered the song for MTV. [71] In May 2015, Ella Henderson delivered an acoustic cover at Spin 1038 Live Room. [72] In September 2015, Rhodes covered the song at BBC Radio 1's Live Lounge. [73]Track listings [ edit]Digital download [74]No. Title Length1. ""Love Me like You Do"" 4:12CD single [75]No. Title Length1. ""Love Me like You Do"" (radio edit) 3:522. ""Love Me like You Do"" (instrumental) 4:12Credits and personnel [ edit]Credits adapted from the liner notes of Fifty Shades of Grey: Original Motion Picture Soundtrack. [5]Ellie Goulding – lead vocals David Bukovinszky – cello Mattias Bylund – string arrangement, string editing, string recording, strings Peter Carlsson – backing vocals, vocal editing Tom Coyne – mastering Robin Fredriksson – backing vocals Serban Ghenea – mixing Oscar Görres – backing vocals John Hanes – engineering for mix Sam Holland – engineering Oscar Holter – backing vocals Ilya – backing vocals, songwriting Mattias Johansson – violin Savan Kotecha – backing vocals, songwriting Mattias Larsson – backing vocals Max Martin – backing vocals, drums, keys, percussion, production, programming, songwriting Tove Nilsson – songwriting Ali Payami – backing vocals, drums, keys, percussion, production, programming, songwriting Ludvig Söderberg – backing vocals Charts [ edit]Weekly charts [ edit]Chart (2015) Peak position Australia ( ARIA) [54] 1Austria ( Ö3 Austria Top 40) [76] 1Belgium ( Ultratop 50 Flanders) [35] 2Belgium ( Ultratop 50 Wallonia) [77] 3Brazil ( Brasil Hot 100 Airplay) [78] 26Bulgaria ( BAMP) [36] 1Canada ( Canadian Hot 100) [53] 3Canada AC ( Billboard) [79] 4Canada CHR/Top 40 ( Billboard) [80] 1Canada Hot AC ( Billboard) [81] 1Colombia ( National-Report Top Anglo) [82] 5Czech Republic ( Rádio Top 100) [83] 1Czech Republic ( Singles Digitál Top 100) [37] 1Denmark ( Tracklisten) [84] 1Europe ( Euro Digital Songs) [85] 1Finland ( Suomen virallinen lista) [86] 1France ( SNEP) [56] 5Germany ( Official German Charts) [87] 1Greece Digital Songs ( Billboard) [88] 1Hungary ( Rádiós Top 40) [89] 16Hungary ( Single Top 40) [38] 1Iceland ( RÚV) [90] 7Ireland ( IRMA) [39] 1Israel ( Media Forest) [91] 1Italy ( FIMI) [92] 1Japan ( Japan Hot 100) [93] 36Luxembourg Digital Songs ( Billboard) [94] 1Mexico Ingles Airplay ( Billboard) [95] 1Mexico Top 20 Inglés ( Monitor Latino) [96] 3Netherlands ( Dutch Top 40) [40] 2Netherlands ( Single Top 100) [57] 2New Zealand ( Recorded Music NZ) [55] 1Norway ( VG-lista) [97] 1Poland ( Polish Airplay Top 100) [98] 1Portugal Digital Songs ( Billboard) [99] 1Scotland (Official Charts Company) [100] 1Slovakia ( Rádio Top 100) [101] 1Slovakia ( Singles Digitál Top 100) [41] 1Slovenia ( Slo Top50) [42] 1South Africa ( EMA) [102] 1South Korea International Chart ( Gaon) [103] 12Spain ( PROMUSICAE) [104] 1Sweden ( Sverigetopplistan) [105] 1Switzerland ( Schweizer Hitparade) [106] 1UK Singles (Official Charts Company) [107] 1US Billboard Hot 100 [108] 3US Adult Contemporary ( Billboard) [109] 4US Adult Top 40 ( Billboard) [110] 1US Dance Club Songs ( Billboard) [111] 30US Dance/Mix Show Airplay ( Billboard) [112] 1US Mainstream Top 40 ( Billboard) [113] 1US Rhythmic ( Billboard) [114] 27Year-end charts [ edit]Chart (2015) Position Australia (ARIA) [115] 7Austria (Ö3 Austria Top 40) [116] 7Belgium (Ultratop 50 Flanders) [117] 13Belgium (Ultratop 50 Wallonia) [118] 7Canada (Canadian Hot 100) [119] 13Denmark (Tracklisten) [120] 3Germany (Official German Charts) [121] 4Hungary (MAHASZ) [122] 2Ireland (IRMA) [123] 6Israel (Media Forest) [124] 2Italy (FIMI) [125] 10Netherlands (Dutch Top 40) [126] 18Netherlands (Single Top 100) [127] 16New Zealand (Recorded Music NZ) [128] 12Poland (ZPAV) [129] 17Slovenia ( Slo Top50) [130] 1Spain (PROMUSICAE) [131] 7Sweden (Sverigetopplistan) [132] 2Switzerland (Schweizer Hitparade) [133] 8UK Singles (Official Charts Company) [134] 4US Billboard Hot 100 [135] 13US Adult contemporary ( Billboard) [136] 7US Adult Top 40 ( Billboard) [137] 10US Dance/Mix Show Airplay ( Billboard) [138] 6US Mainstream Top 40 ( Billboard) [139] 8Chart (2016) Position Slovenia (Slo Top50) [140] 24Certifications [ edit]Region Certification Certified units /Sales Australia ( ARIA) [141] 3× Platinum 210,000 ^Austria ( IFPI Austria) [142] Platinum 30,000 *Belgium ( BEA) [143] Platinum 30,000 *Canada ( Music Canada) [144] 3× Platinum 245,000 [145]Denmark ( IFPI Denmark) [146] 3× Platinum 180,000 ^France ( SNEP) [147] Gold 75,000 *Germany ( BVMI) [148] 3× Gold 600,000 ^Italy ( FIMI) [149] 4× Platinum 200,000New Zealand ( RMNZ) [150] 2× Platinum 30,000 *Norway ( IFPI Norway) [151] 6× Platinum 60,000 *Poland ( ZPAV) [152] 2× Diamond 200,000 *Spain ( PROMUSICAE) [153] 2× Platinum 80,000 ^Sweden ( GLF) [154] 7× Platinum 280,000 ^Switzerland ( IFPI Switzerland) [155] Platinum 30,000 ^United Kingdom ( BPI) [156] 2× Platinum 1,200,000United States ( RIAA) [157] 2× Platinum 2,360,000 [158]*sales figures based on certification alone^shipments figures based on certification alonesales+streaming figures based on certification alone Release history [ edit]Region Date Format Label Ref. Canada 7 January 2015Digital download Universal [159]United States Cherrytree Interscope Republic [160]United Kingdom 12 January 2015Contemporary hit radio Polydor [161]United States 13 January 2015 Interscope [162]France 19 January 2015 Digital download Universal [163]Australia 23 January 2015 [164]Ireland 30 January 2015 Polydor [165]United Kingdom 1 February 2015 [74]Germany 6 February 2015 Universal [166]Japan 9 February 2015 [167]Germany 12 February 2015 CD single [75]References [ edit]^ Ugwu, Reggie (26 February 2015). ""Why The ""Fifty Shades Of Grey"" Soundtrack Is Better Than It Has Any Right To Be"". Buzz Feed. Retrieved 2 July 2015.^ Cragg, Michael (5 October 2015). ""Savan Kotecha interview: ""The people with the longest careers are the people who learn how to do it on purpose "" "". Popjustice. Retrieved 11 December 2015.^ a b Inocencio, Marc (29 April 2015). ""Ellie Goulding Talks No. 1 Hit 'Love Me Like You Do', Teases Third Studio Album"". American Top 40. 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Billboard. Retrieved 4 January 2016.^ ""Superstar Ellie Goulding to Swedish Idol Nov 20"". TV4. 13 November 2015. Retrieved 4 January 2016.^ Feeney, Nolan (25 November 2015). ""Ellie Goulding and James Corden Sing 'Love Me Like You Do' in 8 Different Genres"". Time. Retrieved 4 January 2016.^ ""Ellie Goulding – 'Love Me Like You Do' (Live At Capital's Jingle Bell Ball 2015)"". Capital FM. 6 December 2015. Retrieved 4 January 2016.^ ""Replay: BBC Music Awards 2015 – absent Adele dominates after One Direction and Little Mix kick off show at Birmingham's Genting Arena"". Birmingham Mail. 10 December 2015. Retrieved 4 January 2016.^ ""Circa Waves"". BBC Radio 1. 31 March 2015. Retrieved 4 January 2016.^ ""James Arthur Covers Sia & Ellie Goulding | MTV Live Session"". MTV UK. 30 March 2015. Retrieved 2 September 2016.^ Gavin, Georgie (15 May 2015). ""Ella Henderson covers Ellie Goulding in The Live Room"". SPIN 1038. Retrieved 4 January 2016.^ ""Rhodes & Birdy"". BBC Radio 1. 15 September 2015. Retrieved 4 January 2016.^ a b ""Love Me Like You Do (From ""Fifty Shades Of Grey""): Ellie Goulding: MP3 Downloads"". Amazon.co.uk. Retrieved 30 January 2015.^ a b ""Love Me Like You Do (2-Track)"" (in German). Amazon.de. Retrieved 15 February 2015.^ "" Austriancharts.at – Ellie Goulding – Love Me Like You Do"" (in German). Ö3 Austria Top 40. Retrieved 18 February 2015.^ "" Ultratop.be – Ellie Goulding – Love Me Like You Do"" (in French). Ultratop 50. Retrieved 20 February 2015.^ ""Top 100"". Billboard Brasil (in Portuguese). 11 April 2015. Archived from the original on 6 July 2015. Retrieved 19 April 2015.^ ""Ellie Goulding Chart History (Canada AC)"". Billboard. Retrieved 5 March 2015.^ ""Ellie Goulding Chart History (Canada CHR/Top 40)"". Billboard. Retrieved 5 March 2015.^ ""Ellie Goulding Chart History (Canada Hot AC)"". Billboard. Retrieved 5 March 2015.^ ""ANGLO"" (in Spanish). National-Report. 27 April 2015. 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Israeli Airplay Chart. Media Forest. Retrieved 28 February 2015.^ "" Italiancharts.com – Ellie Goulding – Love Me Like You Do"". Top Digital Download. Retrieved 26 February 2015.^ ""Ellie Goulding Chart History (Japan Hot 100)"". Billboard. Retrieved 23 February 2015.^ ""Ellie Goulding – Chart history"" Billboard Luxembourg Digital Songs for Ellie Goulding. Retrieved 26 February 2015.^ ""Mexico Ingles Airplay"". Billboard.^ ""Top 20 México Inglés. Semana del 11 al 17 de Mayo, 2015"" (in Spanish). Monitor Latino. Archived from the original on 25 May 2015. Retrieved 21 May 2015.^ "" Norwegiancharts.com – Ellie Goulding – Love Me Like You Do"". VG-lista. Retrieved 15 February 2015.^ "" Listy bestsellerów, wyróżnienia :: Związek Producentów Audio-Video"". Polish Airplay Top 100. Retrieved 16 March 2015.^ ""Ellie Goulding – Chart history"" Billboard Portugal Digital Songs for Ellie Goulding. Retrieved 26 February 2015.^ ""Official Scottish Singles Sales Chart Top 100"". Official Charts Company. Retrieved 8 February 2015.^ "" SNS IFPI"" (in Slovak). Hitparáda – Radio Top 100 Oficiálna. IFPI Czech Republic. Note: insert 201511 into search. Retrieved 21 February 2015.^ "" EMA Top 10 Airplay: Week Ending 2015-03-10"". Entertainment Monitoring Africa. Retrieved 11 March 2015.^ ""Gaon Chart"" (in Korean). Gaon. Retrieved 24 March 2015.^ "" Spanishcharts.com – Ellie Goulding – Love Me Like You Do"" Canciones Top 50. Retrieved 25 February 2015.^ "" Swedishcharts.com – Ellie Goulding – Love Me Like You Do"". Singles Top 100. Retrieved 29 January 2015.^ "" Swisscharts.com – Ellie Goulding – Love Me Like You Do"". Swiss Singles Chart. Retrieved 15 February 2015.^ ""Ellie Goulding: Artist Chart History"". Official Charts Company. Retrieved 8 February 2015.^ ""Ellie Goulding Chart History (Hot 100)"". Billboard. Retrieved 25 February 2015.^ ""Ellie Goulding Chart History (Adult Contemporary)"". Billboard. Retrieved 18 June 2015.^ ""Ellie Goulding Chart History (Adult Pop Songs)"". Billboard. Retrieved 7 May 2015.^ ""Ellie Goulding Chart History (Dance Club Songs)"". Billboard. Retrieved 26 March 2015.^ ""Ellie Goulding Chart History (Dance Mix/Show Airplay)"". Billboard. Retrieved 10 April 2015.^ ""Ellie Goulding Chart History (Pop Songs)"". Billboard. Retrieved 23 April 2015.^ ""Ellie Goulding Chart History (Rhythmic)"". Billboard. Retrieved 7 May 2015.^ ""ARIA Charts – End Of Year Charts – Top 100 Singles 2015"". Australian Recording Industry Association. Retrieved 6 January 2016.^ ""Jahreshitparade Singles 2015"" (in German). austriancharts.at. Hung Medien. Retrieved 9 January 2016.^ ""Jaaroverzichten 2015 – Singles"" (in Dutch). Ultratop. Hung Medien. Retrieved 9 January 2016.^ ""Rapports Annuels 2015 – Singles"" (in French). Ultratop. Hung Medien. Retrieved 9 January 2016.^ ""Canadian Hot 100: Year End 2015"". Billboard. Retrieved 9 December 2015.^ ""Track Top-100 2015"" (in Danish). Hitlisten. NU. Retrieved 9 January 2016.^ ""Top 100 Single-Jahrescharts – 2015"" (in German). Offizielle Deutsche Charts. Gf K Entertainment. Retrieved 6 January 2016.^ ""Összesített singles- és válogatáslemez-lista – eladási darabszám alapján - 2015"". Mahasz. Retrieved 15 January 2017.^ ""Best of 2015 – Singles"". Irish Recorded Music Association. Retrieved 24 January 2016.^ ""Yearly Charts – 2015: Top Tracks International"". Media Forest. Retrieved 5 January 2016.^ ""Classifiche ""Top of the Music"" 2015 FIMI-Gf K: La musica italiana in vetta negli album e nei singoli digitali"" (in Italian). Federazione Industria Musicale Italiana. Retrieved 9 January 2016. Click on ""Scarica allegato"" to download the zipped file containing the year-end chart PDF documents.^ ""Top 100-Jaaroverzicht van 2015"" (in Dutch). Dutch Top 40. Retrieved 9 January 2016.^ ""Jaaroverzichten – Single 2015"" (in Dutch). dutchcharts.nl. Hung Medien. Retrieved 9 January 2016.^ ""Top Selling Singles of 2015"". Recorded Music NZ. Retrieved 25 December 2015.^ ""Airplay – podsumowanie 2015 roku"" (in Polish). Polish Society of the Phonographic Industry. Retrieved 30 December 2015.^ ""Slo Top50: Slovenian official year end singles chart"". slotop50.si. Retrieved 5 June 2015.^ ""Top 100 Canciones Anual 2015"" (PDF) (in Spanish). Productores de Música de España. Retrieved 2 September 2016.^ ""Årslista Singlar – År 2015"" (in Swedish). Sverigetopplistan. Retrieved 9 January 2016.^ ""Swiss Year-End Charts 2015"". swisscharts.com. Hung Medien. Retrieved 9 January 2016.^ Copsey, Rob (4 January 2016). ""The Official Top 40 Biggest Songs of 2015 revealed"". Official Charts Company. Retrieved 4 January 2016.^ ""Hot 100 Songs: Year End 2015"". Billboard. Retrieved 9 December 2015.^ ""Adult Contemporary Songs: Year End 2015"". Billboard. Retrieved 9 December 2015.^ ""Adult Pop Songs: Year End 2015"". Billboard. Retrieved 9 December 2015.^ ""Dance/Mix Show Songs: Year End 2015"". Billboard. Retrieved 9 January 2016.^ ""Pop Songs: Year End 2015"". Billboard. Retrieved 9 January 2016.^ ""Slo Top50: Slovenian official year end singles chart"". slotop50.si. Retrieved 31 December 2016.^ ""ARIA Charts – Accreditations – 2015 Singles"". Australian Recording Industry Association. Retrieved 7 August 2015.^ ""Austrian single certifications – Ellie Goulding – Love Me Like You Do"" (in German). IFPI Austria. 30 March 2015. Retrieved 22 March 2015. Enter Ellie Goulding in the field Interpret. Enter Love Me Like You Do in the field Titel. Select single in the field Format. Click Suchen^ ""Ultratop − Goud en Platina – 2015"". Ultratop. Hung Medien. 18 September 2015. Retrieved 2 October 2015.^ ""Canadian single certifications – Ellie Goulding – Love Me Like You Do"". Music Canada. 24 June 2015.^ ""2015 Nielsen Mid-Year Music Canada Report"" (PDF). Nielsen. 16 July 2015. p. 4. Retrieved 21 July 2015.^ ""Ellie Goulding ""Love Me Like You Do "" "" (in Danish). IFPI Denmark. 11 March 2015. Retrieved 14 January 2016.^ ""French single certifications – Ellie Goulding – Love Me Like You Do"" (in French). Syndicat National de l'Édition Phonographique. 31 December 2015. Retrieved 1 March 2016.^ ""Gold-/Platin-Datenbank (Ellie Goulding; 'Love Me Like You Do')"" (in German). Bundesverband Musikindustrie. Retrieved 13 January 2016.^ ""Italian single certifications – Ellie Goulding – Love Me Like You Do"" (in Italian). Federazione Industria Musicale Italiana. Retrieved 6 January 2015.^ ""New Zealand single certifications – Ellie Goulding – Love Me Like You Do"". Recorded Music NZ. 1 June 2015. Retrieved 29 May 2015.^ ""Trofésøknad"" (in Norwegian). IFPI Norway. 1 March 2016. Retrieved 2 March 2016.^ ""Polish single certifications – Ellie Goulding – Love Me Like You Do"" (in Polish). Polish Society of the Phonographic Industry. 23 March 2016. Retrieved 23 March 2016.^ ""Top 100 Songs: 14 Aug 2015 – 20 Aug 2015"". El Portal de Música. Archived from the original on 30 August 2015. Retrieved 2 September 2016.^ ""Veckolista Singlar – Vecka 48, 27 november 2015"" (in Swedish). Sverigetopplistan. Retrieved 6 February 2016.^ ""The Official Swiss Charts and Music Community: Awards (Ellie Goulding; 'Love Me Like You Do')"". IFPI Switzerland. Hung Medien. Retrieved 7 August 2015.^ ""British single certifications – Ellie Goulding – Love Me Like You Do"". British Phonographic Industry. 13 March 2015. Retrieved 13 March 2015. Enter Love Me Like You Do in the search field and then press Enter.^ ""American single certifications – Ellie Goulding – Love Me Like You Do"". Recording Industry Association of America. 15 May 2015. If necessary, click Advanced, then click Format, then select Single, then click SEARCH^ ""YTD Marketshare at the Seven-Month Mark"". Hits Daily Double. 31 July 2015. Archived from the original on 1 August 2015. Retrieved 1 August 2015.^ ""Love Me Like You Do (From ""Fifty Shades Of Grey"") | Ellie Goulding"". 7digital (Canada). Retrieved 15 February 2015.^ ""Love Me Like You Do (From ""Fifty Shades Of Grey""): Ellie Goulding: MP3 Downloads"". Amazon.com. Archived from the original on 15 February 2015. Retrieved 11 January 2015.^ ""BBC – Radio 1 – Playlist"". BBC Radio 1. Archived from the original on 12 January 2015. Retrieved 12 January 2015.^ ""Top 40/Mainstream > Future Releases"". All Access Media Group. Archived from the original on 10 January 2015. Retrieved 12 January 2015.^ ""Love Me Like You Do (From ""Fifty Shades Of Grey""): Ellie Goulding: Téléchargements MP3"" (in French). Amazon.fr. Retrieved 15 February 2015.^ ""Love Me Like You Do (From ""Fifty Shades of Grey"") – Single by Ellie Goulding"". i Tunes Store (Australia). Retrieved 18 January 2015.^ ""Love Me Like You Do (From ""Fifty Shades Of Grey"") | Ellie Goulding"". 7digital (Ireland). Archived from the original on 15 February 2015. Retrieved 15 February 2015.^ ""Love Me Like You Do (From ""Fifty Shades Of Grey""): Ellie Goulding: MP3-Downloads"" (in German). Amazon.de. Retrieved 18 January 2015.^ ""Love Me Like You Do (From ""Fifty Shades Of Grey""): Ellie Goulding: MP3 Downloads"". Amazon.co.jp. Retrieved 15 February 2015. External links [ edit]""Love Me Like You Do"" music video on You Tube Lyrics of this song at Metro Lyrics [ show]v t e Fifty Shades by E. L. James [ show]v t e Ellie Goulding singles Categories:2010s ballads 2015 singles 2015 songs Billboard Adult Top 40 number-one singles Billboard Dance/Mix Show Airplay number-one singles Billboard Mainstream Top 40 (Pop Songs) number-one singles Cherrytree Records singles Electropop ballads Ellie Goulding songs Fifty Shades film music Interscope Records singles Irish Singles Chart number-one singles Number-one singles in Australia Number-one singles in Austria Number-one singles in Denmark Number-one singles in Germany Number-one singles in New Zealand Number-one singles in Norway Number-one singles in Poland Number-one singles in Sweden Number-one singles in Switzerland Polydor Records singles Republic Records singles Song recordings produced by Max Martin Songs about sexuality Songs written for films Songs written by Ali Payami Songs written by Ilya Salmanzadeh Songs written by Max Martin Songs written by Savan Kotecha Songs written by Tove Lo South African Airplay Chart number-one singles UK Singles Chart number-one singles "


when were the first call

76The First Telephone Call March 10, 1876Born in 1847 in Edinburgh, Scotland, Bell became an expert in sound and public speaking. His understanding of sound helped him to teach the deaf and then invent the telephone. Bell was a man of vision.

"Reconstruction (1866-1877)Bell's notebook entry on March 10, 18

After the telephone's success, he wrote to his father about a future when ""friends converse with each other without leaving home."" How often do you talk with your friends on the phone? Can you imagine how life would be different without it?page 2 of 4Library Of Congress | Legal Notices | Privacy | Site Map | Contact Us "


foods that belong in the crisper

Crisper Drawers The purpose of crisper drawers is to maintain moist conditions that help preserve fruits and vegetables. But don’t make the mistake of jumbling all your produce together in a fruit and veg free-for-all. Many fruits, including apples, peaches, plums, pears, and cantaloupes, produce ethylene, a chemical that helps them to ripen.

How to Organize Your Fridge to Keep Food Fresher, Longer (and Cut Your Energy Bill)

Tip: Your fridge isn't just a closet for food—it’s a high-tech device that helps you store all of your favorite snacks, condiments, and meal-fixins in optimal conditions. Not only do refrigerators have different compartments that serve different purposes, they also have different temperature zones. This means that if you’re storing things in the wrong place, you're not taking advantage of the modern miracle of refrigeration. And that leads to loss of food, loss of money, and less desire to cook at home. (Who wants to face down a crisper drawer of wilted greens? Talk about a bummer! )Chill Out Food needs to be maintained at cold temperatures to prevent the growth of bacteria and other microbes that make food spoil—and can make people sick. Refrigerators should be kept at 40 F or lower, and freezers should be set to 0 F. But even when the refrigerator is sufficiently cold, the temperature will vary in different parts of the fridge depending on how close they are to the cooling element. Master the art of the refrigerator, and your food will last longer. Your Game Plan Freezer Let’s start with the obvious stuff: Freezers are for storing frozen things (duh!). Your ice goes in the freezer, as do frozen fruits, veggies, meat, stock, and other items. You can also store a surprising number of other foods in the freezer for later use, such as tortillas, pasta sauce, and even eggs. (Note: You can freeze bread for up to three months, but don’t store it in the fridge or it’ll dry out.) The trick with freezers is to pack foods tightly in their containers and keep things well organized, since this optimizes storage and also saves energy (and moolah on that energy bill). Rather than using glass jars, which can break, freeze foods in stackable plastic containers or in plastic freezer bags laid flat. Doors Doors are the warmest part of the fridge and should be reserved for foods that are most resistant to spoiling. Keep condiments, juices, and other foods that can stand up to temperature fluctuations here. (And remember that even condiments have a shelf life ). Since fridge doors can get warm (particularly when they're opened often), eggs and dairy shouldn’t go here, even if you guzzle milk straight from the carton all the live-long day. (Although if that’s how you roll, you have bigger bacteria to worry about. )Upper Shelves The upper shelves of the fridge have the most consistent temperatures, while the lower shelves are coldest. One pro strategy from restaurant kitchens is to place foods that don’t need to be cooked near the top of the fridge. This includes leftovers, drinks, and ready-to-eat foods like tortillas, hummus, and deli meats. Herbs can be kept fresh by placing them upright in a vase or jar with water and loosely covering it with a plastic bag. You’ll also want to keep berries up here for easy access (see the crisper section for more berry info). Lower Shelves The lower shelves are your best bet for raw meat, eggs, seafood, and other dairy to be stored at the coldest temperatures. To prevent raw meat’s bacteria from spreading to other areas, assign a particular section of the fridge as your meat locker. Keep meat in its original packaging, and place it on a plate or in and improvised bin that’s cleaned regularly. Overall: Don’t crowd your shelves too much. Unlike the freezer, the fridge shouldn’t be totally packed. Cold air needs to flow here, and if it can’t, you’ll get inconsistent temps with pockets of heat and warmth. (Lukewarm yogurt, anyone? Didn’t think so.) Leaving a little wiggle room between your leftovers will also help keep down your energy bill.

Unfortunately the ethylene produced can also promote ripening in other plants, causing vegetables to go yellow, limp, or even sprout. For this reason, keep veggies in one drawer and fruits in another. Fruits and veggies should be washed before eating, but too much moisture can cause foods to flip from ripe to rotten before you can get your antioxidants on. The goal is to wash fruits and veggies when it’s convenient, but not so far in advance that they are likely to spoil before you eat them. When washing fruits, remove extra moisture by draining in a colander, blotting with paper towel, or using a salad spinner. Berries are particularly fragile, so handle with care and gobble them within a day or two of washing. (Storing them on the top shelf of the fridge will help with that.) Once washed, put greens and herbs in a plastic bag or container with a square of paper towel to soak up excess moisture and everything else in clean (and preferably clear) containers. Put the containers back in the crisper for longer-term storage or on the top shelf where you’re more likely to see them and eat them up quickly. On Top of the Fridge If you’ve been using the top of your fridge like a food attic, stacking bottles of Merlot or loaves of bread up there, stop. Even if your kitchen is tiny and that space feels super convenient, it’s not a smart idea. To regulate cold temps inside, the fridge’s condenser coil pumps warm air out, and that heat rises around the appliance’s cabinet. Result: It gets pretty warm up top. Heat is Kryptonite to wine. And it’ll make bread mold faster. (We’d rather get our spores from blue cheese. Amirite?) The best use of this space? Store appliances or supplies like paper towels or a stack of cookbooks. To Fridge or Not to Fridge? One of the tougher questions is figuring out if something goes in the fridge in the first place. Certain foods don’t belong in the fridge. Tomatoes will turn mealy and odorless in the fridge—keep them comfy at room temperature. Onions, squash, and potatoes do best in a cooler environment with low moisture, so store them in a dark cupboard or other place outside of the fridge. Avocados and many fruits are just fine being left on the counter to ripen, but also can go in the fridge to slow the process down if needed. Herbs can be kept in the fridge or in a vase on the countertop if they’ll be used with a few days. Then there’s the gray zone: foods that can be refrigerated to maintain maximum freshness and quality but don’t have to be refrigerated if you use them up relatively quickly. For example, nuts, nut flours, and many nut butters are just fine to store in the cupboard but refrigeration will help to maintain the natural oils and keep nut butters from separating. Refrigerate these items if your house is warm or if you won’t be using these products up within a few weeks (or both). Likewise, whole-grain flours (which contain healthy oils and nutrients) and oils low in saturated fat such as canola oil, safflower oil, and olive oil will last longer if stored in the fridge away from warm temperatures. But again, if you’re making almond-meal muffins every week, storing that flour at room temp is just fine. Bottom line: if these products are laying around your kitchen for a long time, putting them in the center or upper shelves of your fridge (or even freezing flours) will help prevent off flavors that can develop over time. THE NEWSLETTERWant to make your coffee healthier? Sign up for our newsletter to get a cheat sheet. READ THIS NEXT: This Insanely Fast Water Filter Is a Total Game Changer Pin It Share Food Safety Hacks Healthy Living Tips Eat


why was title ix created

Title IX was signed into law by President Nixon on June 23, 1972. In 37 momentous words, it outlawed gender discrimination in all publicly supported educational programs. Before its passage, many leading universities did not accept women and law schools and medical schools often used quotas to limit female enrollment.

Title lX: How a Good Law Went Terribly Wrong

By Christina Hoff Sommers June 23, 2014The Title IX activist campaign against men's sports | FACTUAL FEMINISTYour browser does not currently recognize any of the video formats available. Click here to visit our frequently asked questions about HTML5 video.0:00 / 5:16A weary wrestling coach once lamented that his sport had survived the Fall of Rome, only to be vanquished by Title IX. How did an honorable equity law turn into a scorched-earth campaign against men’s sports? This week is the 42nd anniversary of this famous piece of federal legislation so it’s an ideal time to consider what went wrong and how to set it right.

As for sports, female student athletes were rare — and received precious little support from college athletic programs. The logic behind Title IX is the same as that behind all great civil rights legislation: In our democracy, the government may not play favorites among races or religions or between the sexes. We are all equal before the law — including students in colleges and universities receiving public funds. Title IX applies to all areas of education but is best known for its influence on sports. Women’s athletics have flourished in recent decades, and Title IX deserves some of the cheers. But something went wrong in the law’s implementation. The original law was about equality of opportunity and indeed forbade quotas or reverse discrimination schemes. But over the years, government officials, college administrators and jurists — spurred on by groups like the National Women’s Law Center and the Women’s Sports Foundation — transformed a fair-minded equity law into just such a quota-driven regime, with destructive results. Women’s groups strongly object to the “q” word. “Title IX does not in any way require quotas,” says the National Women’s Law Center. “It simply requires that schools allocate participation opportunities non-discriminatorily.” That can mean many things, but in the hands of bureaucrats and advocates, this diffuse requirement somehow came to mean that women are entitled to “statistical proportionality.” That is to say, if a college’s student body is 60% female, then 60% of the athletes should be female — even if far fewer women than men are interested in playing sports at that college. Title IX defenders will tell you that there are several ways that schools can satisfy the non-discrimination standard other than proportional representation. That is true on paper but false in practice. The regulations are murky and ever-changing, leaving most schools to scramble to the only safe harbor: Proportionality. Schools have cut back on male teams and created new women’s teams, not because of demand but because they fear federal investigations. Since football is a money-generating male sport with large rosters, Title IX quotas have all but decimated smaller less lucrative sports such as men’s swimming, diving, gymnastics and wrestling. More than 450 wrestling teams vanished since 1972, with only 328 remaining. Then why not say that men’s sports were a casualty of football rather than Title IX? Because women’s groups have consistently rejected reasonable solutions to the football challenge. College football is qualitatively different from sports like diving, rowing and tennis. It is a mass spectacle, loved by millions of students, and integral to the identity and history of colleges and universities everywhere. It requires a large number of players and has no female counterpart. So why not just take it out of the Title IX mix? That one concession would have saved hundreds of small male teams. But no such concession was offered. Football is not destroying men’s teams; intransigent women’s groups and their “proportionality gap” bear most of the blame. Look what happened at Howard University in Washington, D. C.: The school’s student body is 67% female, but women constitute only 43% of its athletic program. In 2007, the Women’s Sports Foundation, a powerful Title IX advocacy group, gave Howard an “F” grade because of its 24% “proportionality gap.” Howard had already cut men’s wrestling and baseball and added women’s bowling, but that did little to narrow the gap. Unless it cuts almost half of its current male athletes, Howard will remain under a Title IX cloud and legally vulnerable. The school’s former wrestling coach, Wade Hughes, summed up the problem this way: “The impact of Title IX’s proportionality standard has been disastrous because … far more males than females are seeking to take part in athletics.”But the Women’s Sports Foundation disagrees. Girls are every bit as interested in sports as boys. According to its Title IX Myths and Facts, “Given equal athletic opportunities, women will rush to fill them; the remaining discrepancies in sports participation rates are the result of continuing discrimination in access to those opportunities.” And many well-meaning judges and government officials have agreed with them. But there’s overwhelming evidence that women, taken as a group, are less interested than men in competitive sports. In 2012, a group of psychologists analyzed men’s and women’s propensities by looking at how many of them pursue team sports in their leisure time. Intramural sports are recreational games that college students can play just for the love of the sport. The researchers found that only 26% of intramural participants are women. They also studied recreational activity in 41 public parks in four different states. Lots of women were exercising, but only 10% of those playing competitive team sports were women. A 2013 ESPN report on youth sports found that 34% of girls in grades 3-12 say sports is a big part of who they are; for boys the figure is 61%. No matter how much the Title IX activists and government officials want to pretend otherwise, the sexes are different. Overall, women care far less about athletics, both as participants and spectators. Sports Illustrated for Women, first published in 2000, was marketed to females between the ages of 18 and 34 with a “passion for sports.” The magazine lasted less than two years. The Women’s United Soccer Association and the American Basketball League were supposed to appeal to this same passionate demographic: Both folded after a few seasons. There is no call for magazines such as Vogue, Allure and Cosmopolitan, or websites like Jezebel, to include stories about draft picks, photographs of awesome plays and up-to-date information about fantasy teams and brackets. Meanwhile, men by the legion (and a small percentage of women) support a vast network of sports magazines, websites, radio shows and fantasy teams. More than half of young men are sports-obsessives, and many would give their right arm to play competitive sports in high school or college — or even to sit on a bench all season with only a remote chance of playing.“Build it and they will come,” says the National Women’s Law Center. But they don’t come. At least not many. So colleges are going to absurd lengths to achieve gender balance. It is not an easy task when women now far outnumber men on many campuses—thereby raising the proportionality hurdle—yet far fewer of them aspire to play varsity sports. Many schools solve the problem by axing men’s teams or limiting their rosters. Padding the women’s numbers is another common maneuver. As a 2011 story in The New York Times reported, nearly half of the fencers on Cornell’s women’s fencing team were men. Because of some loophole, male practice players counted as women. And, according to the Times, players don’t actually have to play to be counted as members, so at many schools dozens of girls are technically on teams — but never play. Some —like several women that were on the University of South Florida’s cross-country roster — didn’t even know they were listed. Title-niners treat women’s underrepresentation in sports as an injustice that must be aggressively targeted. But areas where men fall behind raise little concern. They cannot have it both ways. If Howard University’s 24%sports gap (favoring males) warrants federal intervention, then its far more serious 34% attendance gap (favoring females) should warrant a Congressional investigation. Instead of more investigations, restrictions, closed opportunities, bean counting, number fudging and gender politics, we should follow the advice of the novelist (and former wrestler) John Irving: “Keep Title IX: eliminate proportionality.” I know of no better way to celebrate this intrinsically good law on its 42nd anniversary. Christina Hoff Sommers is a resident scholar at the American Enterprise Institute. She is the author of several books including The War Against Boys and hosts a weekly video blog The Factual Feminist . Follow her @CHSommers SPONSORED FINANCIAL CONTENTYou May Like Living Tips on Visiting 26 National Parks, Straight From Park Employees Living First Grader Finds Out She Has the Same Textbook Blake Shelton Used in 1982Living National Beer Day Falls on a Saturday This Year. 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difference between discrete and process manufacturing

Process Manufacturing involves Variable Ingredients, By & Co-products whereas discrete manufacturing is Standard Parts and Components driven. Discrete manufacturing uses Complex Multilevel BOMs while process manufacturing uses Multiple Recipes and Formulas.

Difference Between Discrete and Process Manufacturing Posted by Batch Master India in Software Selection On January 4, 2016Share What makes process manufacturing different from discrete? Process manufacturing uses formulations or recipes. A discrete manufacturer uses Bills of Materials (BOMs). A discrete manufacturer assembles along a routing, whereas a process manufacturer blends in a batch. Therefore Discrete manufacturers – including make-to-stock, make-to-order, and assemble to order production facilities require sophisticated planning, scheduling and tracking capabilities to improve operations and profitability. Whereas Process manufacturers with batch or continuous operations rely on sophisticated tracking and scheduling mechanisms to keep operations running at peak efficiency. Discrete manufacturing is all about assembling things, and making things that are exact. The products are typically manufactured in individually defined lots, the sequence of work centers through production varying for each one of these. Thus in discrete manufacturing, the product is made by sequential steps made in the same process or by the same craftsman. Discrete manufacturing based on the production orders and products change frequently from order to order. Whereas process Manufacturing is when you have a product that requires a set of processes to be finished, yet each process requires certain needs, therefore, it is better to separate each process from the other while planning and setting the Manufacturing requirements thus the processes are better controlled and maintained if they are dealt separately. Process manufacturers build something that cannot be taken apart, technically you can take the mix out of the container and reuse the container, but you can’t take the ingredients out of the finished goods produced. This makes process manufacturers ‘process’ or formula based. Discrete manufacturers are making a finished good that may have screws, nuts, handles, etc. that can be taken apart and used on something else if need be. In discrete manufacturing, the manufacturing floor works off shop orders to build something. The individual products are easily identifiable. While in process manufacturing, you can’t tell the difference between one product and another. The biggest difference between these two distinct manufacturing areas is that outcome of discreet manufacturing can be without difficulty reversed, while with process manufacturing there is no way to do it.

The obligatory requisite for process manufacturing is Lot Potency and Shelf Life whereas discrete manufacturing values Serial Numbers, ECN’s and assembles. Process manufacturing is distinguished by a production approach that has minimal interruptions in the actual processing in any one production run, or between production runs of similar products. But in Discrete Manufacturing is distinguished by the production of distinct items that use bills of material and routings to determine costs and lead times. By and large process industries are characterized as industries that make products in bulk quantities, such as paints, pharmaceuticals, beverages and food products, which often undergo a chemical conversion. On the other hand, discrete manufacturers produce or assemble component or finished products that are identifiable as distinct units, such as automobiles, capable of being recognized by serial numbers or labeling products and assessable as numerical quantities rather than by weight or volume. In the process industries we don’t learn to do defect-oriented manufacturing, say if you process a little too much dye, you can just put a little more base in and fix it. The approach in the process industry is direct, real-time control. Whereas in discrete manufacturing its after-the-fact statistical analysis to get continuous improvement. Advancing globalization and stronger competition, demand businesses in both discrete and process manufacturing industry to have seamless process control, greater flexibility and cost efficiency provided seamlessly by Batch Master Software Inc. Both discrete and process manufacturers rely on Batch Master as it offers all necessary tools essential to compete successfully in the marketplace and to maximize profits. Batch Master ERP is the complete solution for Process Manufacturers while Optipro is the first choice of discrete manufacturers around the globe. Share Related Posts Five Common Inventory Management Mistakes Inventory is the biggest asset of manufacturing organizations. Inventory is one of their biggest What Makes Batch Master ERP Perfect for your Industry? Once on a trip to an amusement park, I saw two friends sitting just About Author Batch Master India Batch Master is a true process-centric ERP software that integrates, handles and keeps track of all distribution and manufacturing operations.


the clavicle is what to the sternum

The enlarged medial end of the clavicle that articulates with the sternum Acromial end of the clavicle The flattened lateral end of the clavicle, articulates with the acromion and is connected to the coracoid process. Shoulder Bladeshallow socket where the head of humerus articulates with the scapulas

Clavicle, Scapula And Sternum

Collar bonea prominence on the underside of the clavicle that forms one attachment of the conoid ligament.

capular spine Acromian Process Coracoid Process Supraglenoid Tuberacle Suprascapular Notch Manubrium Body of the Sternum Interclavicular Ligament Sternoclavicular Ligament Acromioclavicular Joint Coracoacromial ligamentacromioclavicular ligament Related Textbooks Regional Human Anatomy: A Laboratory Workbook for Use With Models and Pros... Related Study Materialsarteries & veins of the lower limbmuscles of the brachium and rotator cuffhumerus, radius, ulnapelvic girdleanatomical planes, directions, movementselbow, wrist, & shoulder joints Recent Class Questionswhen leah successfully solves a difficult algebra problem, her teacher tells her...in the humid subtropical hot-summer climate of the southeastern united states...three attributes that are components of temperament are Popular Study Materials from Anatomy 240arteries & veins of the lower limbveins and arteries of upper limbnerves of the lower limbanat 240 study guide (2013-14 mcleod)oral & nasal cavitiesmuscles of the upper armanatomy lower limbhead and neck musclesanat 240 study guide (2011-12 mcleod)exam 1pelvic girdle


when the irs accepts your return

. If your deadline is October 15 (because you filed an extension), and your original submission is rejected you generally have until October 20 to get your return accepted by the IRS. Generally, as long as your original e-file was submitted prior to the October 15 deadline and the return is accepted by October 20, your return is still considered timely. However, unlike April 15 filers, if you are unable to get your return accepted by October 20, you will not be able to e-file your return. U

Start For Free Fast, Secure, and Always Accurate!Back to List Category: How do I know my return was successfully E-filed? How long will it take the IRS to process my return?

Generally, once your return is e-filed you will receive an acknowledgement email within 48 hours. This email will let you know if your return was accepted or rejected. If your return is rejected, you can simply log in to your account, make the corrections, and resubmit your return at no additional charge.

Once the IRS has accepted your return, the amount of time that it will take to actually receive a refund may vary. When filing close to the deadlines (April 15 for standard filers, October 15 for those who have filed extensions), certain other deadlines will apply. If your deadline is April 15 and your return gets rejected, you generally have until April 20 to get the return accepted.

Generally, as long as your original e-file was submitted prior to the April 15 deadline and the return is accepted by April 20, your return is still considered timely. If your return is accepted after that date, it is considered late.

You can still e-file after April 20. However, at that point the return may be considered late

nfortunately, the IRS completely stops accepting electronically transmitted returns at that time. If you are unable to get your return accepted by the IRS prior to October 20, you will have to mail your return in.


what is an for generic substitution

A generic medicine is one that is similar to the original, brand-name medicine, and contains the same active substances but it will have a different (but often similar) name. Generic versions of branded drugs can be made by any other drug company once the patent on the branded drug expires.

"Generic Substitution - Common Questions & Answersprint version share on facebook What is the Generic Substitution system about? Generic substitution is a system that will allow pharmacists to dispense a different version of a particular medicine, even when a specific brand has been prescribed. As the law currently stands, a pharmacist may only supply the particular brand that is prescribed. What is a branded medicine? A branded drug (also called an originator or innovator drug) is a drug that has a trade name and is or has been protected by a patent in the recent past. It can be produced and sold only by the company holding the patent. What is a generic medicine?

The price of generics are usually less than the branded drug as the company making the generic version does not have to cover the costs of research and marketing. Generic versions of a medicine may have different colours, flavours or non-active substances. They may also be a different shape or size and come in different packaging. What is the Health (Pricing & Supply of Medical Goods) Bill? The Bill provides for the introduction of a system of generic substitution between 'interchangeable' medicines. The Irish Medicines Board (IMB) will be responsible for developing lists of medicines that are interchangeable. To be deemed interchangeable, drugs must have the same qualitative and quantitative composition of each of their active substances, must be in the same pharmaceutical form, and must have the same route of administration. Only drugs that the IMB deem interchangeable can be substituted and substitution of a particular drug cannot take place until the IMB permit it. Once a drug is deemed interchangeable, pharmacists will be obliged to dispense the cheapest generic version of that drug which they have in stock that day. This could mean that a different generic is received every month by a patient. If a patient refuses a generic version and insists on the branded drug, they must pay the difference between the cost of the generic and the cost of a set reference price for the branded drug. Is Generic Substitution safe? For most classes of drugs (not including AEDs), there are no safety issues associated with substituting a branded drug for a generic equivalent. A generic medicine must meet exactly the same standards of quality and safety, within certain limits, and have the same effect as the branded medicine. Pharmacists will only be able to substitute medicines that have been designated as 'interchangeable' by the Irish Medicines Board (IMB). If a doctor believes that there may be a safety concern, the Bill allows him/her to indicate on a prescription when substitution should not take place for clinical reasons. Why was Epilepsy Ireland objecting to the Bill? Unlike in most other treatment areas, there are serious concerns regarding the safety of substituting a branded AED with a generic version of that drug and even greater concerns around switching from one generic to another from time to time. These safety concerns have been highlighted in a number of studies of generic AED substitution and also in a HSE/ Department of Health report (the Moran Report) from 2010. In addition, many European counties do not allow substitution of AEDs. Despite this evidence, the Government has refused to exempt AEDs from the new legislation introducing the new system. By not including a specific exclusion for AEDs, the Government missed an opportunity to protect the wellbeing of people with epilepsy, instead exposing them to real risk. Why are AEDs different to most other classes of medications? There are several AEDs available, all of which work in different ways. When doctors prescribe an AED, many factors are taken into account including your age, gender, seizure type and medical history. For the medication to work most effectively, it must be taken according to the doctor's directions. AEDs usually take time to become effective as the epilepsy specialist will increase the dosage slowly over time until an optimum level is attained, something which will vary with each person. In medical terms, AEDs are regarded as having a ""narrow therapeutic range"". In other words, any variation in the manufacture and composition of a tablet or capsule introduces a factor that may disturb the balance and result in an otherwise avoidable or breakthrough seizure. Switching between different generic versions is particularly problematic in this regard. Two different generic drugs could in theory, have bioequivalence values at the two extremes of the permitted 80%--125% range from the branded drug, causing large fluctuations in how the drug would perform in the individual. What are the risks for people with epilepsy? If your epilepsy is controlled, switching from one version of a drug to another may lead to breakthrough seizures. Just one seizure can have a huge impact in terms of driving, employment, education and social life. Seizures also expose risks to the person such as injury from falls, burns and accidents. Maintaining seizure control is also vital in preventing SUDEP. If your seizures are not controlled, switching may make it more difficult to achieve seizure freedom. What can I do to stay safe? Currently, AEDs are not considered interchangeable and therefore cannot legally be substituted. However, Epilepsy Ireland is concerned that there may not be full awareness among GPs and Pharmacists that AED substitution differs from other drugs. Unfortunately, we have received several reports of substitution actually taking place, in some cases with negative outcomes for the people concerned. For this reason, we urge you to follow our 3-step guide to make sure that you remain on your usual brands of epilepsy drug. Is Epilepsy Ireland entirely against the concept of generic substitution? No. We recognise that generic substitution will reduce the State's annual drug bill and we have no difficulty with the system provided that it does not endanger the health and wellbeing of PWE. Equally, we are not against the use of generic AEDs when prescribed for new patients and on the condition that there will be an adequate supply of that specific generic available in the longer term (so that switching does not need to take place). What is Epilepsy Ireland doing to ensure the safety of people with epilepsy? EI is doing everything possible to protect the health and welfare of people with epilepsy. In recent months, our work has focused on informing politicians about the dangers of AED switching and raising the issue in the media. We have been meeting with TDs and Senators as well with HSE, Department of Health and IMB officials. In March, we addressed the Joint Oireachtas Committee on Health with our concerns. We will also work to educate PWE and their families on the issues involved while also working with the IMB, and with doctors and pharmacists to ensure they understand the special case of AEDs. When will the Bill become law? The Bill is currently going through the Oireachtas. It is expected to be passed into law shortly (May/ June 2013). "


side effects of baytril injections in dogs

Side Effects Baytril is generally well-tolerated by dogs and cats, but some animals do experience side effects. That's especially true if a high dose, to combat serious infections, is prescribed. In dogs, high doses of Baytril can cause vomiting and diarrhea. Other possible side effects include appetite loss and lethargy. Cats receiving high doses of Baytril can develop retinal damage. Long-term use in felines and canines can cause cataract formation.

What Is Baytril?

Enrofloxacin, marketed under the brand name Baytril, is part of the fluoroquinolone class of antibiotics. Available by prescription only, it's used in dogs and cats to treat tough bacterial infections. While generally safe and effective for veterinary use, humans should not take this drug. Baytril is toxic to people. The human equivalent of enrofloxacin is ciprofloxacin. A veterinarian giving medicine to a kitten with a dropper.credit: Wavebreakmedia Ltd/Wavebreak Media/Getty Images Baytril for Pets As a broad-spectrum antibiotic, Baytril can eradicate both gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria. Available both as tablets and as an injectable, Baytril works by stopping bacteria from transcribing DNA. The drugs renders it impossible for an enzyme assigned to this job to read the DNA, causing the bacteria to die. The drug has the ability to penetrate into all fluids and tissues in the animal's body. Baytril Uses If your pet is diagnosed with a skin, respiratory or urinary tract infection, your vet might prescribe Baytril. It's also commonly prescribed for stubborn ear infections, often at high doses. If your dog or cat experiences an abscess with strains of Staphylococcus aureus, E. coli or Pasteurella multocida, Baytril can kill the bacteria. Some of these bacteria, along with others also vulnerable to Baytril, cause cystitis in the bladder, or rhinitis or pneumonia in the respiratory system.

While Baytril can cause crystal formation in urine, these are not the same type of crystals that cause urinary tract disease. Precautions and Contraindications Pregnant or lactating animals should not receive this medication. Dogs under the age of 8 months should not receive Baytril, as the drug can damage growing joint cartilage in canines. This does not appear to be true in cats. Animals with disorders of the central nervous system should not receive this medication, as it can raise the chance of seizures. Tell your vet about any medications or supplements your pet receives. Medications or supplements containing zinc, iron, calcium or magnesium prevent Baytril absorption, so wait at least two hours between the administration of Baytril and these substances. Show Comments


what is the chemical formula for oxygen tetrafluoride?

A: Quick Answer N2F4 is the chemical formula for the chemical compound tetrafluorohydrazine or dinitrogen tetrafluoride. It is a colorless inorganic gas that is extremely hazardous. It is produced from nitrogen trifluoride, an inorganic gas that is toxic, colorless and nonflammable, using iron or iron (II) fluoride.

What Is N2F4?

Science Chemistry Q: What Is N2F4?

Continue Reading Keep Learning Is SF4 Polar or Nonpolar? What Is Dinitrogen Tetrafluoride? What Compound Does Cr (NO3)2 Refer To? Full Answer Dinitrogen tetrafluoride is a highly toxic gas that explodes if it comes into contact with reducing agents at normal temperatures such as ammonia, boranes, alcohols and hydrogen. It can also explode at high temperatures. It may be fatal if inhaled or absorbed through the skin. Dinitrogen tetrafluoride is used in chemical synthesis, as a catalyst or a precursor. It is also an oxidizing agent in rocket fuel. Learn more about Chemistry Sources: cameochemicals.noaa.gov en.wikipedia.org Related Questions Q: What Is Potassium Citrate? A: Potassium citrate is a chemical compound with a formula of C6H5K3O7 and molecular weight of 306.39 grams per mole, notes Pub Chem. Medicinally, potassium ci... Full Answer >Filed Under: Chemistry Q: What Is Bromine Monochloride? A: Bromine monochloride, often referred to as simply bromine chloride, is an inorganic compound with the chemical formula Br Cl. It is used as a disinfectant i... Full Answer >Filed Under: Chemistry Q: What Is the Name of the Compound Na Br O2? A: The molecular formula Na Br O2 is representative of the compound named sodium bromite. According to Pub Chem, this compound may also be known as sodium salt ... Full Answer >Filed Under: Chemistry Q: What Is Sn (SO3)2? A: Sn (SO3)2 is the molecular formula for the chemical compound tin (IV) sulfite. The compound contains one atom of tin, represented by the symbol Sn; six atoms... Full Answer >Filed Under: Chemistry You May Also Like Q: What Is an Example of Pentose? Q: What Is Stainless Steel Made Of? Q: What Is the Angular Momentum Quantum Number? Q: What Are the Types of Molecules? Q: What Did Henri Becquerel Contribute to Atomic Theory? Q: How Did Fluorine Get Its Name?


legal guardianship of a minor meaning

A legal guardianship is a relationship established by the court where one person acts for the benefit and protection of another person. A person receiving the services of a legal guardian is called a “ward”. The ward is usually a child or minor whose parents are no longer capable of raising them, usually due to death or incapacity.

Legal Guardianship and Child Custody

Legal Topics Family Children Guardianship Legal Guardianship and Child Custody Find a Local Family Lawyer near You1 (may not be the same place you live)2Can't find a category? Click here What Is a Legal Guardianship?

Adults with mental or physical handicaps may also be appointed a legal guardian. There are several different types of legal guardianships, such as temporary guardianships, emergency guardianships, and adult guardianships. However, guardianship almost always refers to non-parental parties who assume legal responsibility for a child. In many cases, a legal guardianship does not end an existing parent-child relationship. That is, the parent can request the court to end a guardianship if it is in the child’s best interest. Adoption is similar to legal guardianship, but adoption is more permanent. Who Can Be a Legal Guardian? A legal guardian can be anyone over the age of majority (18-21 depending on the state) who is capable of taking care of the child’s needs, including shelter, food, education, and medical care. Often, the court will make the determination of whether the adult applying to be a guardian is capable of adequately caring for the child. How Can I Establish Legal Guardianship of a Child? You can establish legal guardianship of a child by filing a petition stating your interest in obtaining guardianship along with a filing fee. Once you have filed the petition, the court will evaluate if a guardianship is appropriate according to the “child’s best interest” standard. The court will gather facts, conduct interviews, and possibly request background checks before making its decision. What Are the Differences between Legal Guardianship and Child Custody? While child custody provides rights and responsibilities to the parent of the child, a legal guardianship provides similar rights to someone that is not the parent of the child. Both relationships require providing for the well-being of the child but the responsibilities of a legal guardian can be greater depending on the type of child custody . A guardian has the power to make legal decisions on behalf of a child, however, a parent with physical but not legal custody does not. Find the Right Family Lawyer Hire the right lawyer near your location Find A Lawyer Now!What Are the Differences between Legal Guardianship and an Adoption? Both guardianship and adoption create legal relationships between a child and an adult that give the adult certain rights and obligations regarding the child. However, a guardianship does not sever the legal relationship that exists between a child and their biological parents. An adoption permanently changes the legal relationship between a child and their biological parents. Adopted parents become the legal parents of the child, and biological parents give up all of the parental rights that they have with the child. What If a Parent Already Has Custody of the Child? If a parent has legal custody of a child, a court usually will not intervene and appoint a legal guardian. It is the practice of courts not to interfere in a child/parent relationship if the custody arrangement is in the child’s best interest. Only if both parents can no longer care for the child will a legal guardianship be considered. A newly-created legal guardianship may affect any visitation schedules from a previous custody arrangement. For example, suppose that a couple divorced, with the mother receiving full custody of the child and the father receiving weekend visitation rights. If the mother becomes incapacitated and a legal guardian is appointed, the court will likely have to revise the father’s visitation rights. How Does Guardianship End? There are several ways that legal guardianship can end: The child dies The child reaches the age of 18A judge decides that the guardianship is no longer needed The necessity of having a guardian no longer exists, especially where the child is adopted or placed into foster care The guardian asks the court to be relieved of their guardianship Do I Need a Lawyer for Legal Guardianship Issues? The laws governing legal guardianship can often be complex, especially if child custody issues are also involved. If you have any legal concerns involving legal guardianship, you may wish to contact a child custody attorney. Your lawyer can assist you in legal guardianship proceedings, and can represent you in court if any legal claims arise. Post Your Case - Get Answers from Multiple family Lawyers John Kirby Legal Match Legal Writer Last Modified: 03-05-2018 02:21 AM PSTLink to this page: Law Library Disclaimer


what does the idiom off the wall mean

Pisseth against the wall was an idiomatic expression used in ancient Israel. It refers to males, who are the only ones who can urinate against walls. When someone in the Bible refers to someone else pissing against a wall, it’s understood that the person urinating is a male and not a female.

What does âpisseth against the wallâ mean?

"What does “pisseth against the wall” mean? Subscribe to our Question of the Week: Question: ""What does ‘pisseth against the wall’ mean?"" Answer: Several times in the King James Version of the Bible, we find the colorful phrase pisseth against the wall. To piss is to urinate, so the verses referring to someone who “pisseth against the wall” could read “urinates against the wall.” We should note that the word piss is considered vulgar today, and modern Bible translations replace the reference to pissing with something else.

Some interpreters detect an added nuance in the phrase. It’s possible that the main reference is to dogs, since male dogs often urinate on vertical surfaces. The application of the phrase to men would then carry the idea that the men in question were ignoble individuals of low character. Saying “I shall discomfit all that pisseth against the wall” would translate into “I’m going to utterly defeat every male, down to the last low-life cur.” Some biblical characters who used the idiom are David, when he was angry with Nabal: “So and more also do God unto the enemies of David, if I leave of all that pertain to him by the morning light any that pisseth against the wall” ( 1 Samuel 25:22, KJV ). The historian who wrote the book of Kings: “It came to pass, when [Zimri] began to reign, as soon as he sat on his throne, that he slew all the house of Baasha: he left him not one that pisseth against a wall, neither of his kinsfolks, nor of his friends” ( 1 Kings 16:11, KJV ). And God Himself, speaking of the pending judgment of Ahab: “The whole house of Ahab shall perish: and I will cut off from Ahab him that pisseth against the wall” ( 2 Kings 9:8, KJV ). Again, it’s mainly the KJV that translates the Hebrew phrase as “pisseth against the wall.” Most other translations simply put “male.” For example, the NIV translates 2 Kings 9:8 as “I will cut off from Ahab every last male in Israel.” The KJV is more literal (the Hebrew does indeed refer to urination), but the NIV and other modern translations do a bit of interpretation in that they render the idiom as “males.”Recommended Resource: 1 & 2 Samuel: NIV Application Commentary by William Arnold Dig into this topic more with Logos Bible Software—Get 10% off any base package. Related Topics: What can we learn from the life of David? How could David be considered a man after God's own heart? Who was Abigail in the Bible? Why did David choose five smooth stones before going to fight Goliath? Who was Mephibosheth? Return to: Questions about 1 Samuel Return to: Got Questions.org Home What does “pisseth against the wall” mean? "


battle of gettysburg how many troops

Fact #7: The Battle of Gettysburg is by far the costliest battle of the Civil War but not necessarily the largest. While each of the three days of the Battle of Gettysburg rank in the top 15 bloodiest battles of the Civil War—the 160,000 troops present at Gettysburg are eclipsed by the more than 185,000 at Fredericksburg.

10 Facts: Gettysburg

"July 1-3, 1863It is the site of the bloodiest battle of the Civil War and one of the most visited places in the United States, but Gettysburg is still plagued by misinformation. Set the record straight with these ten key facts. Fact 1#: The battle was fought at Gettysburg because of the area road system—it had nothing to do with shoes. The Town of Gettysburg, population 2,000, was a town on the rise. It boasted three newspapers, two institutes of higher learning, several churches and banks, but no shoe factory or warehouse. The ten roads that led into town are what brought the armies to Gettysburg. The shoe myth can be traced to a late-1870s statement by Confederate general Henry Heth. Fact #2: The First Day’s battle was a much larger engagement than is generally portrayed. The first day’s fighting (at Mc Pherson’s Ridge, Oak Hill, Oak Ridge, Seminary Ridge, Barlow’s Knoll and in and around the town) involved some 50,000 soldiers of which roughly 15,500 were killed, wounded, captured or missing. The first day in itself ranks as the 12th bloodiest battle of the Civil War—with more casualties than the battles of Bull Run and Franklin combined. Fact #3: The Second Day’s Battle was the largest and costliest of the three days. The second day’s fighting (at Devil’s Den, Little Round Top, the Wheatfield, the Peach Orchard, Cemetery Ridge, Trostle’s Farm, Culp’s Hill and Cemetery Hill) involved at least 100,000 soldiers of which roughly 20,000 were killed, wounded, captured or missing. The second day in itself ranks as the 10th bloodiest battle of the Civil War—with far more casualties than the much larger Battle of Fredericksburg. Fact #4: Of 120 generals present at Gettysburg, nine were killed or mortally wounded during the battle. On the Confederate side, generals Semmes, Barksdale, Armistead, Garnett, and Pender (plus Pettigrew during the retreat). On the Union side, generals Reynolds, Zook, Weed, and Farnsworth (and Vincent, promoted posthumously). No other battle claimed as many general officers. Fact #5: Culp’s Hill and Cemetery Hill were far more important than Little Round Top. While Little Round Top is far more popular today, its importance to the Union army is at least debatable. The same cannot be said for Culp’s Hill and Cemetery Hill. The two latter hills formed the center and right of the Union’s main position and also protected the Union army’s only real lifeline on July 2 and 3—the Baltimore Pike. Had Confederates captured and controlled either of these two hills, the Union army would have had to leave the Gettysburg area. It is as simple as that. Even with its sweeping views and commanding height, the same cannot be said for Little Round Top. Fact #6: Pickett’s Charge was large and grand but by no means the largest charge of the Civil War. Not even close. Pickett’s Charge involved some 12,000 Confederate soldiers, but the Confederate charge at Franklin had roughly 20,000. Even that pales in comparison to the grand Confederate charge at Gaines’ Mill which involved more than 50,000 Confederate troops. Even the well-known 260-gun bombardment that preceded Pickett’s Charge was not the largest of the war. There was at least one bombardment at Petersburg with more than 400 cannons involved.

Fact #8: 63 Medals of Honor awarded to Union soldiers for their actions at Gettysburg The deeds spanned the battlefield and were awarded from wartime into the 20th century. Eight were awarded for actions on July 1, and 28 each for actions on July 2 and July 3. Fact #9: The Gettysburg Address essentially said the same thing as the famous orator Edward Everett’s speech but in 1/60th the time. When Lincoln uttered these two sentences, “We have come to dedicate a portion of that field as a final resting place for those who here gave their lives that that nation might live. It is altogether fitting and proper that we should do this,” he was essentially repeating an idea that had already been stated—only more succinctly. Everett used more than 5,500 words ( the entire speech can be found here) to make the same point. Most every part of the corresponding speeches can be examined this way and leaves no doubt as to why Everett wrote to Lincoln: ""I should be glad, if I could flatter myself that I came as near to the central idea of the occasion, in two hours, as you did in two minutes. ""Fact #10: While the Gettysburg Battlefield is well-preserved, there are still numerous parcels to be saved. The Civil War Trust and the National Park Service have identified several unpreserved parcels which are important to the story of America’s greatest battle. The battlefield itself is among the best resources for historians and others to learn about the battle. The unique terrain, when used in conjunction with the words of those who fought here, images created on the ground, and monuments placed by the veterans, provides an unparalleled learning opportunity. We must continue to work to preserved this hallowed ground. Learn More: Gettysburg Animated Map "