what is the kinneret sardine?

The Kinneret sardine (Mirogrex terraesanctaeterraesanctae) is the most abundant zooplanktivore fish in the lake (Gophen and Landau, 1977). However, sardine cannot be held responsible for the extinction of D. lumholtzi since it was not found in the gut of the fish when this cladoceran was common in the lake (Komarovsky, 1952).

Short communicationExtinction of Daphnia lumholtzi  (Sars) in Lake Kinneret (Israel) â

Aquaculture Volume 16, Issue 1, January 1979, Pages 67-71Short communication Extinction of Daphnia lumholtzi (Sars) in Lake Kinneret (Israel) ☆Moshe Gophen Show morehttps://doi.org/10.1016/0044-8486 (79)90173-X Get rights and content Abstract Daphnia lumholtzi (Sars) was found in Lake Kinneret until the late nineteen-fifties. Lake Kinneret was the northern-most limit of the distribution of this species. It is suggested that fingerlings of grey mullets and Sarotherodon aureus that were introduced into Lake Kinneret caused the extinction of D. lumholtzi. Previous article Next article Aquaculture, 16 (1979) 67-71 67 Elsevier Scientific Publishing Company, Amsterdam --- Printed in The Netherlands Short Communication EXTINCTION OF DAPHNIA LUMHOLTZI (SARS) IN LAKE KINNERET (ISRAEL)* MOSHE GOPHEN Kinneret Limnological Laboratory, P. O. Box 345 Tiberias (Israel) * Contribution No. 172, Israel Oceanographic and Limnological Research Company. (Received 29 August 1978) ABSTRACT Gophen, M., 1979. Extinction of Daphnia lumholtzi (Sars) in Lake Kinneret (Israel). Aquaculture, 16: 67-71. Daphnia lumholtzi (Sars) was found in Lake Kinneret until the late nineteen-fifties. Lake Kinneret was the northern-most limit of the distribution of this species. It is suggested that fingerlings of grey mullets and Sarotherodon aureus that were introduced into Lake Kinneret caused the extinction of D. lumholtzi. Daphnia lumholtzi (Sars) is widely distributed in the warm areas of the old world and has been recorded in Australia (Hebert, 1977), Asia (Gurney, 1916, 1923; Bar, 1924; Brehm, 1950; Rzoska, 1976; Hebert, 1977) and Africa (Daday, 1910; Gurney, 1911; Worthington, 1931; Wagler, 1936; Ruttner, 1943; Green, 1967; Taping and Rzoska, 1967; Rzoska, 1976). In the Levant, Lake Kinneret was the northern-most limit of this species and has not even been reported in Lake Hula, located 16 km north of the Kinneret and belonging to the same hydrological system. In Lake Kinneret, D. lumholtzi was found for the first time by Barrois (1894) at all sampled depths, and described by Richard (1894). It was found by Annandale (1913) and examined by Gurney (1913), and Bodenheimer (1935) reported its presence in Lake Kinneret and its absence in Lake Hula. In Lake Kinneret, D. lumholtzi was found in highest numbers between April and July 1948--1950 by Komarovsky (1959). In 1978, I studied unexamined material collected by Yashouv and Alhunis in 1952---1956 and in 1958-1960 and found D. lumholtzi in the samples collected in 1954, 1955 and 1956 (Fig. 1) but not in those collected from summer 1958 onwards. In 1956--1957, Yashouv and Alhunis collected zooplankton samples by filtering 50 1 of surface lake water at a southern sampling point near Beit-Yerach, but did not find D. lumholtzi (Yashouv and Alhunis, 1961), possibly due to the sampling technique. In summer 1958, Yashouv and Alhunis continued to sample at various depths all over the lake but did not publish any information concerning these samples. 68 Fig. 1. Daphnia lumholtzi collected in Lake Kinneret on 10 April 1954 at 30 m depth. Scale bar 180 um. From 1963 various investigators have looked for, but not found D. lumholtzi in Lake Kinneret: Por (1968) between 1963 and 1965; Por mentioned the disappearance of D. lumholtzi by quoting unpublished data by Yashouv and Golan - Yashouv (1967); and Golan (1965) during 1963-1964. In 1978 I re-examined zooplankton samples collected by Yashouv and Brener-Samsonov during 1965-1967 but did not find D. lumholtzi. I have been studying the zooplankton of Lake Kinneret from 1968 until the present time, which involved taking several thousand water samples in all parts of the lake at different depths. Bottom sediments, overlying bottom layers, and waters of the Jordan inflow have been sampled using several different techniques. D. lumholtzi was not found in any of these samples. It may then be concluded that D. lumholtzi became extinct in Lake Kinneret, sometime between 1957 and 1963. The man-made modifications in the Kinneret system after 1954 (Berman, 1973) include the drying of the Hula swamps, completed in 1957, the operation of the National Water Carrier in 1964 and partial diversion of the salty springs located on the northwest shores of the lake in 1965. The drying of the Hula resulted in increased drainage of Hula water, a process very similar to the winter floods that were recorded in the Jordan inflow before and after the extinction of D. lumholtzi; the operation of the National Water Carrier do not cause any prominant change in the Kinneret system, 69 therefore they were not directly responsible for the extinction of D. lumholtzi. Variations in the salinity of the lake water could have affected the presence of D. lumholtzi. The salinity varied from 285 p.p.m. chloride in 1955 to 350 p.p.m. in winter 1960 (Serruya, 1978), reached a maximum of 380 p.p.m. in summer 1960 and dropped to 250 p.p.m. in winter 1969. Although these variations of salinity are not negligible, they occurred in a smooth and progressive manner. Moreover, D. lumholtzi is found over a much wider range of salinity in the various ecosystems in which it has been recorded and the cladoceran species of Lake Kinneret probably belong to the euryhalines fauna originating in fresh water (Por, 1968). However, we cannot exclude a possible indirect influence of these human interventions on D. lumholtzi; for example, they might have caused a drastic modification of the algal assemblage which serves as a food source for D. lumholtzi. Therefore, I examined systematically the gut content of the specimens collected from 1952 to 1956. Ankistrodesmus falcatus, Pediastrum simplex, Scenedesmus sp., Chlorella sp. and Selenastrum sp. formed the bulk of the gut content. Since these algae have been found continuously in Lake Kinneret from 1949 until now (Komarovsky, 1959; Kimor and Pollingher, 1965), we can conclude that the trophic factor did not cause the disappearance of D. lumholtzi. Predation by zooplankton consumers is another factor which should be carefully examined.

From 1951, in the framework of the stocking program of the Israel Ministry of Agriculture (Reich, 1976; M. Bar Ilan, personal communication, 1977; Spataru and Zorn, 1978), a few other zooplanktivore fishes were introduced into Lake Kinneret. The stocking of Sarotherodon aureus (Tilapia aurea) and mugilids was initiated in 1958. S. aureus was present in the lake in small amounts prior to this date, but the grey mullets do not belong at all to the Kinneret ichtiofauna. S. aureus and grey mullets are known to be active predators feeding mostly on species of large zooplankton (Zismann et al., 1975; Spataru and Zorn, 1978). In experimental tanks, I observed that the fingerlings of S. aureus preyed preferentially upon Daphnia magna, subsequently upon Bosmina spp., Ceriodaphnia spp. and Diaphanosoma sp. (Gophen, unpublished data, 1978). Moreover, gut contents of fingerlings (16.2-60.0 mm total length) of mugilids (Liza aurata and L. ramada) that were collected in the littoral zone of the west side of Lake Kinneret during 1975-1976 contained the following dominant organisms: Cyclopoids (Eucyclops), harpacticoids, diaptomids, Diaphanosoma sp., Ceriodaphnia spp., Bosmina spp., Daphnia magna, Moina rectirostris, Keratella spp., Brachyonus calyciflorus, Synchaeta oblonga, Ascomorpha saltans, tintinids, gammarids, chironomid larvae and pupae, dipterids, coleopterids, nematodes, 70 turbelarids and spicules of spongilids. It is logical to think that D. lumholtzi, which belongs to the same size group and habitat as most of the above mentioned organisms, was also actively preyed upon. In the lake, fingerlings and adults of S. aureus and grey mullets, live in the same habitat as the daphnids, especially in summer during the stratification period, when they cannot survive in the deep anaerobic water. These fishes (especially fingerlings) and the daphnids are both abundant in the inshore water of the lake. I therefore suggest that intensive stocking of the lake with mugilids and S. aureus has caused the extinction of D. lumholtzi in Lake Kinneret, slightly disturbing the equilibrium of the Kinneret system. When stocking programmes are undertaken such disturbances on the ecosystem should be taken into consideration. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I thank Mr Alhunis, Mr Bernstein and Mrs Brener-Samsonov for giving me the zooplankton samples that were collected in Lake Kinneret during 19521960 and 1965-1967; Mrs Zismann for the samples of mugilids fingerlings she gave me; Drs C. Serruya and D. Wynne for reviewing the manuscript and helpful discussions and R. Herschovitch for her typing. REFERENCES Annandale, N., 1913. Introduction to a report on the biology of Lake Tiberias. J. Asiatic Soc. Bengal, 9: 17-23. Bar, G., 1924. Uber Cladoceren von der Insel Ceylon. Jena. Z. Naturwiss., 60: 83-126. Barrois, T., 1894. Contributions a 1'etude de quelques lacs de Syrie. Rev. Biol. Nord. France, 6: 224-312. Berman, T. (Editor), 1973. Basic parameters. In: Lake Kinneret Data Record. pp. 5-8. Bodenheimer, F. S., 1935. Animal Life in Palestine. L. Mayer, Jerusalem, 506 pp. Brehm, V., 1950. Contribution to the freshwater fauna of India. Part 2. Rec. Indian Mus., 48: 9-28. Daday, E., 1910. Untersuchungen uber die susswasser - Mikrofauna Deutsch Ost-Afrikas. Zoologica (Stuttgart), 59: 1-34. Golan, S., 1965. The Biology and Dynamics of Cladocera (Crustacea) in Lake Kinneret during 1963-1964. M. Sc. thesis, Hebrew University, Israel, 70 pp. Gophen, M. and Landau, R., 1977. Trophic interactions between zooplankton and sardine Mirogrex terraesanctae populations in Lake Kinneret, Israel. Oikos, 29: 166-174. Green, J., 1967. The distribution and variation of Daphnia lumholtzi (Crustacea; Cladocera) in relation to fish predation in Lake Albert, East Africa. J. Zool., 151: 181-197. Gurney, R., 1911. On some freshwater Entomostraca from Egypt. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., 7: 25-33. Gurney, R., 1913. Entomostraca from the Lake of Tiberias. J. Asiatic Soc. Bengal (N. S.), 9: 231-232. Gurney, R., 1916. On some freshwater Entomostraca from Ceylon. Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 303-313. Gurney, R., 1923. Freshwater Crustacea collected by Dr. A. Buxton in Mesopotamia and Persia. J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc., 27: 835-843. Hebert, P. D. N., 1977. A revision of the taxonomy of the genus Daphnia (Crustacea: Daphnidae) in Southern-Eastern Australia. Aust. J. Zool., 25: 371-398. 71 Kimor, B. and Pollingher, U., 1965. The Plankton Algae of Lake Tiberias. Sea Fish. Res. Stn, Haifa, Ser. A, Cont. No. 78, 65 pp. Komarovsky, B., 1952. An analysis of the stomach contents of Acanthobrama terraesanctae from Lake Tiberias. Sea Fish. Res. Stn, Bull. No. 4: 1-8. Komarovsky, B., 1959. The plankton of Lake Tiberias. Bull. Res. Counc. Israel, B8: 65-96. Por, F. D., 1968. The invertebrates zoobenthos of Lake Tiberias. I. Qualitative aspects. Israel J. Zool., 17: 51-79. Reich, K., 1976. Problems of fisheries research in Lake Kinneret. Bamidgeh, 28 (1/2): 3-11. Richard, J., 1894. Cladoceres recueillis par M. le Dr. Barrois en Syrie et en Egypte. Rev. Biol. Nord. France, 6: 360-390. Ruttner, F., 1943. Beobachtungen uber die tagliche vertikal Wanderung des Planktons in tropichen Seen. (Aus den Ergebissen der Deutschen Limnologischen Sunda-Expedition 1928-1929). Arch. Hydrobiol, XL. Aug. Thie., Festband 2: 474-492. Rzoska, J. (Editor), 1976. Zooplankton of the Nile system. In: The Nile, Biology of an Ancient River. Junk, The Hague, pp. 333-343. Serruya, C., 1978. Water quality problems of Lake Kinneret. In: H. Shuval (Editor), Water Resources Quality Management Under Conditions of Scarcity. Israel as a Case Study. Academic Press, New York, N. Y., pp. 178-205. Spataru, P. and Zorn, M., 1978. Food and feeding habits of Tilapia aurea (Cichlidae) in Lake Kinneret (Israel). Aquaculture, 13: 67--79. Talling, J. F. and Rzoska, J., 1967. The development of plankton in relation to Hydrological regime in the Blue Nile. J. Ecol., 55: 637-662. Wagler, E., 1936. Die Systematik and geographische Verbreitung des Genus Daphnia O. F. Milller mit besunderer Beriicksichtigung der Siidafrikanischen Arten. Arch. Hydrobiol., 30: 505-556. Worthington, E. B., 1931. Vertical movements of freshwater macroplankton. Int. Rev. Hydrobiol. Hydrogr., 25: 394-436. Yashouv, A., 1967. Progress Report on Zooplankton Research in Lake Kinneret. Mekorot Water Co. Fish Res. Stn, Dor, Israel, 4 pp. Yashouv, A. and Alhunis, M., 1961. The dynamics of biological processes in Lake Tiberias. Bull. Res. Counc. Israel, 1OB: 12-35. Zismann, L., Viviane, B. and Kmor, B., 1975. The food and feeding habit of early stages of grey mullets in the Haifa Bay region. Aquaculture, 6 : 59-75. References Annandale, 1913 N. Annandale Introduction to a report on the biology of Lake Tiberias J. Asiatic Soc. Bengal, 9 ( 1913), pp. 17 - 23Bar, 1924 G. Bar Uber Cladoceren von der Insel Ceylon Jena. Z. Naturwiss., 60 ( 1924), pp. 83 - 126Barrois, 1894 T. Barrois Contributions à l'étude de quelques lacs de Syrie Rev. Biol. Nord. France, 6 ( 1894), pp. 224 - 312Berman, 1973 T. Berman (Ed. ), Basic parameters, Lake Kinneret Data Record ( 1973), pp. 5 - 8Bodenheimer, 1935 F. S. Bodenheimer Animal Life in Palestine, L. Mayer, Jerusalem ( 1935), p. 506Brehm, 1950 V. Brehm Contribution to the freshwater fauna of India. Part 2Rec. Indian Mus., 48 ( 1950), pp. 9 - 28Daday, 1910 E. Daday Untersuchungen uber die susswasser — Mikrofauna Deutsch Ost-Afrikas Zoologica (Stuttgart), 59 ( 1910), pp. 1 - 34Golan, 1965 S. Golan The Biology and Dynamics of Cladocera (Crustacea) in Lake Kinneret during 1963–1964M. Sc. thesis, Hebrew University, Israel ( 1965), p. 70Gophen and Landau, 1977 M. Gophen, R. Landau Trophic interactions between zooplankton and sardine Mirogrex terraesanctae populations in Lake Kinneret, Israel Oikos, 29 ( 1977), pp. 166 - 174Green, 1967 J. Green The distribution and variation of Daphnia lumholtzi (Crustacea; Cladocera) in relation to fish predation in Lake Albert, East Africa J. Zool., 151 ( 1967), pp. 181 - 197Gurney, 1911 R. Gurney On some freshwater Entomostraca from Egypt Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., 7 ( 1911), pp. 25 - 33Gurney, 1913 R. Gurney Entomostraca from the Lake of Tiberias J. Asiatic Soc. Bengal (N. S.), 9 ( 1913), pp. 231 - 232Gurney, 1916 R. Gurney On some freshwater Entomostraca from Ceylon Proc. Zool. Soc. London ( 1916), pp. 303 - 313Gurney, 1923 R. Gurney Freshwater Crustacea collected by Dr. A. Buxton in Mesopotamia and Persia J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc., 27 ( 1923), pp. 835 - 843Hebert, 1977 P. D. N. Hebert A revision of the taxonomy of the genus Daphnia (Crustacea: Daphnidae) in Southern-Eastern Australia Aust. J. Zool., 25 ( 1977), pp. 371 - 398Kimor and Pollingher, 1965 B. Kimor, U. Pollingher The Plankton Algae of Lake Tiberias Sea Fish. Res. Stn, Haifa, Ser. A, Cont. No. 78 ( 1965), p. 65Komarovsky, 1952 B. Komarovsky An analysis of the stomach contents of Acanthobrama terraesanctae from Lake Tiberias Sea Fish. Res. Stn, Bull. No. 4 ( 1952), pp. 1 - 8Komarovsky, 1959 B. Komarovsky The plankton of Lake Tiberias Bull. Res. Counc. Israel, B8 ( 1959), pp. 65 - 96Por, 1968 F. D. Por The invertebrates zoobenthos of Lake Tiberias. I. Qualitative aspects Israel J. Zool., 17 ( 1968), pp. 51 - 79Reich, 1976 K. Reich Problems of fisheries research in Lake Kinneret Bamidgeh, 28 ( 1/2) ( 1976), pp. 3 - 11Richard, 1894 J. Richard Cladoceres recueillis par M. 1e Dr. Barrois en Syrie et en Egypte Rev. Biol. Nord. France, 6 ( 1894), pp. 360 - 390Ruttner, 1943 F. Ruttner Beobachtungen uber die tagliche vertikal Wanderung des Planktons in tropichen Seen. (Aus den Ergebissen der Deutschen Limnologischen Sunda-Expedition 1928–1929)Arch. Hydrobiol, XL. Aug. Thie., Festband, 2 ( 1943), pp. 474 - 492Rzoska, 1976 J. Rzoska (Ed. ), Zooplankton of the Nile system, The Nile, Biology of an Ancient River, Junk, The Hague ( 1976), pp. 333 - 343Serruya, 1978 C. Serruya Water quality problems of Lake Kinneret H. Shuval (Ed. ), Water Resources Quality Management Under Conditions of Scarcity. Israel as a Case Study, Academic Press, New York, N. Y ( 1978), pp. 178 - 205Spataru and Zorn, 1978 P. Spataru, M. Zorn Food and feeding habits of Tilapia aurea (Cichlidae) in Lake Kinneret (Israel)Aquaculture, 13 ( 1978), pp. 67 - 79Talling and Rzoska, 1967 J. F. Talling, J. Rzoska The development of plankton in relation to Hydrological regime in the Blue Nile J. Ecol., 55 ( 1967), pp. 637 - 662Wagler, 1936 E. Wagler Die Systematik und geographische Verbreitung des Genus Daphnia O. F. Müller mit besunderer Berücksichtigung der Südafrikanischen Arten Arch. Hydrobiol., 30 ( 1936), pp. 505 - 556Worthington, 1931 E. B. Worthington Vertical movements of freshwater macroplankton Int. Rev. Hydrobiol. Hydrogr., 25 ( 1931), pp. 394 - 436Yashouv, 1967 A. Yashouv Progress Report on Zooplankton Research in Lake Kinneret, Mekorot Water Co. Fish Res. Stn, Dor, Israel ( 1967), p. 4Yashouv and Alhunis, 1961 A. Yashouv, M. Alhunis The dynamics of biological processes in Lake Tiberias Bull. Res. Counc. Israel, 10B ( 1961), pp. 12 - 35Zismann et al., 1975 L. Zismann, B. Viviane, B. Kmor The food and feeding habit of early stages of grey mullets in the Haifa Bay region Aquaculture, 6 ( 1975), pp. 59 - 75☆Contribution No. 172, Israel Oceanographic and Limnological Research Company. View Abstract Copyright © 1979 Published by Elsevier B. V.


difference between subjunctive mood and conditional

ces The subjunctive that talks about a situation that is uncertain, unreal, or just a wish. Also, the subjunctive mood talks about the urgency or importance of something. Conditional Mood The conditional mood expresses something that would happen if certain circumstances happen. Let's take a look at this example: 'I would eat insects if I were starving.'

Using Verbs in the Conditional and Subjunctive Moods

Instructor: Pablo Serna Pablo has taught college Spanish at the University of MIssouri and Central Methodist University, and has a master's degree in Spanish literature. In this lesson, we will learn how to use the conditional and subjunctive moods (or modes). We will also practice them through several examples and distinguish between present and past subjunctive. Conditional & Subjunctive Moods'If I were you, I would pay a lot of attention to this lesson. 'What are we saying in this sentence? Well, two things: That if the condition of me being you were fulfilled (although we know that this is only hypothetical because I cannot be you)Then, I would do something In this simple sentence, we can find two different moods coming together: The conditional that talks about what would happen or what one would do in certain circumstan

We have a condition: 'If I were starving.' So, what would I do if the condition were fulfilled? 'I would eat insects. 'Let's look at another example: 'I would climb Mount Everest if I wanted to.' What is the condition here? 'If I wanted to.' And what would I do if the condition were fulfilled? 'I would climb Mount Everest.' (I don't want to because I have TV, but that's not relevant right now. )These sentences have used the word 'would,' but we can also use the words 'could' and 'might' in the conditional tense. For example, 'He could get the concert tickets tomorrow.' 'It might work. 'Subjunctive Mood Most of the time, the subjunctive mood is used to discuss something that is uncertain or is hypothetical. The present subjunctive is used with triggers (certain verbs and expressions that indicate that a subjunctive tense is required. You will learn some later in this lesson). The past subjunctive is used in unreal if-clauses similar to the conditional tense. To conjugate verbs in the present subjunctive, it's just like the present tense, except for the 'he,' 'she' and 'it' are conjugated identically to all the other subjects. In the present tense, the third person singular usually has an -s at the end. For example, 'I eat,' 'you eat,' 'he eats,' 'we eat,' 'you eat,' 'they eat.' In the subjunctive, even he/she/it is conjugated as eat. The verb 'to be' is an irregular verb because in the present, we use the infinitive 'be' without the word 'to,' as in 'I suggest that you be yourself. 'For past subjunctive, verbs are conjugated like the past ('I ran,' 'you ran,' 'she ran,' 'we ran,' 'you ran,' 'they ran,' 'everyone ran'). Past subjunctive is to discuss hypothetical or unreal situations in the present or even in the future, as in 'I wish you were here for my birthday.' Before we go any further, let's take a look at the verb 'to be:'subject be (present) be (past)I be were You be were He/she/it be were We be were You be were They be were Let's look at some examples: To unlock this lesson you must be a Study.com Member. Create your account Register for a free trial Are you a student or a teacher? I am a student I am a teacher


what's the difference between c++ and java

C++ is an evolution to C. Which was a system programming language. C++ Added many features to the language to make it object oriented. It became the mainstream programming language for that reason. Java is an evolution of C++, with different goals ( cross platform for instance ). It remove some of the features that make C++ so hard to learn. Simplify others and remove others.

"Join Stack Overflow to learn, share knowledge, and build your career. Email Sign Upor sign in with Google Facebook What is the difference between Java and C++? [closed]Ask Questionup vote-2down votefavorite1What is the difference between Java and C++? Are both object-oriented?java c++share improve this questionasked Dec 22 '08 at 20:27user4516126 1 3closed as too broad by T. J. Crowder, Nathan Oliver, François Andrieux, John Dvorak, Lynn Crumbling Mar 23 '17 at 17:53Please edit the question to limit it to a specific problem with enough detail to identify an adequate answer. Avoid asking multiple distinct questions at once. See the How to Ask page for help clarifying this question. If this question can be reworded to fit the rules in the help center, please edit the question.1Please close the question or make it a community wiki. This question is not worth getting reputations on. – Perpetualcoder Dec 22 '08 at 20:31@Perpetualcoded: Not voting it would be enough. – Oscar Ryz Dec 22 '08 at 20:422He didn't ask which is ""better"", he asked what the differences are. Perfectly valid question. – bpapa Dec 22 '08 at 20:473Why are we so worried about rep? This guy sounds like a newbie and may not understand the community wiki process. It is a valid question, look at the response that is has generated. A lot more than some of the highly geeky questions that get asked. – Wolfman Dragon Dec 24 '08 at 19:551I find that often questions ideally suited for programmers, are marked as not programmer questions.. How much easier it would be to just ignore them and let question stand. Still upset that my question on how to save a career in programming was nixed. – baash05 Nov 22 '11 at 11:39show 2 more comments11 Answers active oldest votesup vote20down vote This is far too general a question to be answered here. Java is an explicitly object-oriented language, with the harder-to-use bits snipped off. C++ is a multi-paradigm language with the safety off. You can do object-oriented programming in it, as well as procedural and generic. If you had a more specific question, we could be of more help. Why did you ask? If you want recommendations for a particular platform, or project, or whatever, we could be more responsive.share improve this answeranswered Dec 22 '08 at 20:31David Thornley48.6k 8 77 13811""Any language will let you shoot yourself in the foot. C++ will provide the gun, load the bullets, give you a drink to steady your hand, mount telescopic sights, and paint a large target on your foot"" – Paul Tomblin Dec 22 '08 at 20:456Sure will, but it will also gives you a gun with a big enough bang to drop a dinosaur. All in perspective. – Wolfman Dragon Dec 22 '08 at 21:39@Paul Tomblin ""Java will give you a gun which randomly sues you back..."" – Abhinav Gauniyal Jan 18 '17 at 10:47add a commentup vote15down vote A C++ programmer will tell you that Java is rubbish. A Java programmer will tell you that C++ is rubbish. Therefore I conclude that they are indeed the same thing.share improve this answeranswered Dec 22 '08 at 23:12Daniel Paull5,146 2 22 383Besides, everyone knows that Erlang is better than both. Or is that Scheme? Or Clojure? Or Ruby? I can never remember. – James Schek Dec 22 '08 at 23:514An Erlang programmer will tell you that Scheme is rubbish and a Scheme programmer will tell you that Erlang is rubbish. Therefore I conclude that they are indeed the same thing. – Daniel Paull Dec 23 '08 at 1:042and when c# gets involved both join forces for a second and chuck their whole arsenal at the c# programmer. – Aleks Sep 5 '12 at 21:46add a commentup vote5down vote Each language designed with different purposes in mind, so IMO it's not fair to compare the two from one perspective, and ignore the other. Generally speaking, C++ is an open standard, designed for implementing high performance systems where speed and performance and critical, there are lots of impressing projects designed using this language like Phoenix Lander, Adobe Acrobat Reader and others. C++ gives the developer the ability to program using a very high level abstraction -using generics for example, and, when needed, go down deep to the bare metal of the machine -to handle an interrupt for instance. Java was designed with other purposes in mind, when Sun was planning Oak (later called Java), it focused on web applications so it supported the language with a bunch of heavy libraries of easy-to-use interfaces considering that. and portability (Compile once, run anywhere) using JVM, which prevents the programmer from coding to specific machine, but instead coding to a sandbox which in turn runs the code on the hosting machine, and this has obviously negative reflections on performance/speed. Comparison of those two language is a popular cause of debate between programmers, and this is due to their different working demands and nature, IMO every language has made mistakes in order to mature, for example, C++'s exported templates, and Java's lack of procedural programming (Big Mistake). plus, each one has its pros and cons regarding different aspects, hence the one that balance productivity/performance issue IS the right language. For more information Wikipedia's comprehensive article on Comparison of Java and C++It might be interesting to take a look at what languages are used (and being used) to create major systems (like Google) from here.share improve this answeredited Dec 22 '08 at 23:03answered Dec 22 '08 at 22:58Josef190 1 81Java used to be an open standard too, for some time... (or at least a bit more open that it's now under the rule of oracle) – scravy Jan 22 '12 at 11:38add a commentup vote2down vote One of the most important differences hasn't been mentioned yet - one is compiled to machine code, the other is compiled to bytecode which is interpreted by a virtual machine.share improve this answeranswered Dec 22 '08 at 21:12Michael Sharek4,462 2 22 311unless the bytecode gets compiled to machine code by a JIT compiler – Ferruccio Dec 23 '08 at 3:33add a commentup vote1down vote Both are object oriented but they are very different languages. This probably isn't the best forum to ask for the differences... I would suggest you look both up on Wikipedia and review the descriptions there. You will be able to see the differences very quickly for yourself.share improve this answeranswered Dec 22 '08 at 20:28Jason Coco71.4k 19 169 171add a commentup vote1down vote I love c++ but unless you absolutely need to use c++ then use something else. When you need to use c++ then you will know the difference, Grasshopper. (hint do not write device drivers, video decoders, encryption libraries, 3-d graphics engines or language run-time engines in java).share improve this answeranswered Dec 22 '08 at 20:36Dipstick7,878 2 22 26add a commentup vote1down vote Yes, both are object oriented programming languages.

The main difference is C++ programs are compiled directly to machine code ( understood by the CPU ) while Java programs are compiled to be run in a ""Virtual Machine"" the JVM most of the cases. For these reasons java programs were interpreted by another program and at the beginning were veeeery slow programs. Nowadays the VM may optimize this code and make it run very very fast.share improve this answeranswered Dec 22 '08 at 20:39Oscar Ryz134k 94 326 497jit (just in time) often converts the java ""compiled"" bits down to the machine code.. so this mitigates many of the speed differences.. I (being a c++ developer in my heart of hearts) resent the note evolution of c++. I'm also not sure I understand the sentence fragment ""hard to learn"". It's no harder to master than Java. Both take about 10 years.. (or I'm assuming java does, I'll tell you when I get there) – baash05 Nov 22 '11 at 11:45add a commentup vote1down vote See this link. http://www.javacoffeebreak.com/articles/thinkinginjava/comparingc++andjava.htmlshare improve this answeranswered Dec 22 '08 at 21:13Jared28k 27 99 140It's good, but some places are really old – Yoni Roit Dec 22 '08 at 21:29add a commentup vote0down vote Gross but accurate oversimplification: Java is easier. C++ is faster.share improve this answeranswered Dec 22 '08 at 21:14Obie Jazz With the state of compilers at the moment, C++ is only faster than java if it is optimized. Not the languages fault though. – Wolfman Dragon Dec 22 '08 at 22:33add a commentup vote0down vote Just a quick addition to what David Thornley posted. C++ is a procedural language that supports Objects and OO design. Java is pure OO. Java does less but on more.share improve this answeranswered Dec 22 '08 at 21:53Wolfman Dragon4,703 14 40 57Hence a multi-paradigm langauge. I personally think ""procedural"" langauge capabilities are far less important than C++'s template metaprogramming capabilities. Not only can C++ drop a dinosaur, but you can do it in an infinite number of ways. – James Schek Dec 22 '08 at 23:49touche'. You have me there. – Wolfman Dragon Dec 23 '08 at 2:20add a commentup vote0down vote Everything is Object in Java as everything is derived from java.lang. Object But this is not the case in C++No pointers in Java whereas C++ has provide support for pointers No destructors in java (Java has automatic garbage collection) but C++ has destructors to do that Thread support is built in Java but not in C++No scope resolution operator in Java No Goto statement in Java No Multiple Inheritance allowed in Java but C++ allows that No operator overloading is allowed in Java but C++ allows that Java is interpreted for most part and hence Platform independentshare improve this answeranswered Apr 27 '15 at 6:14Astha1 1add a comment Not the answer you're looking for? Browse other questions tagged java c++ or ask your own question.asked9 years, 3 months agoviewed8,623 timesactive2 years, 11 months ago Linked6 Differences between the C++ and the Java object model9 The switch from C++ to Java Related1696 What is the difference between #include <filename> and #include “filename”?2997 Differences between Hash Map and Hashtable?5206 Is Java “pass-by-reference” or “pass-by-value”?2477 What are the differences between a pointer variable and a reference variable in C++?2262 What does the explicit keyword mean?4255 The Definitive C++ Book Guide and List7500 What is the “-->” operator in C++?2524 Creating a memory leak with Java5836 Why is subtracting these two times (in 1927) giving a strange result?20982 Why is it faster to process a sorted array than an unsorted array? Hot Network Questions How old is the oldest light visible from Earth? I'm using canon 800D in manual mode. Aperture is 22, shutter speed is 4000 and iso is 100 but exposure meter doesn't show any value, why? Story about a spaceship ""emergency program"" that simulates a ""perfect woman""Print the Previous Answer!Git clone only works with ssh://git@.. and not with git@Two lasers between two mirrors In US universities, are the sport coaches typically considered tenured professors? Does writing matter a lot in research? Why use baking powder instead of yeast? What's the probable cause for extremely low inbound traffic and high outbound traffic? Why was Bruce's silence referred to as a ""Walt Disney""? What is the most effective use of phoenixes in battle? What is the power / energy of a discrete time constant signal? What should I play on a keyboard to accompany singing? How much room does an Aarakocra need to fly/take-off? Is the word 'Hitherto' outdated? How are we supposed to use debug logs for a specific Apex class only How do I keep presenting progressively more challenging encounters to my PCs without making them think that the world is gaining Levels as they are? When is a function in a standard library module called a built-in function? How to make people spread over the earth? Is % of escaped defects a good KPI for a tester performance? For n nodes that are connected to at most m and at least 2 other nodes, what values of n and m always allow the connections to not intersect? Evil Campaigns: How to explain the difference between being evil and being a jerk? When senators thank the chairman, what are they thanking him for? "


can you file bankruptcy separately if you are getting divorced

If you qualify for a Chapter 7 bankruptcy, then you should finish in about 90 days. Therefore, you and your spouse can eliminate unsecured debt which takes away the fight over debt. Warning, if you and your spouse file for a Chapter 13 bankruptcy then you are both responsible for the repayment plan. You may also be prevented from dividing assets by sale. After the bankruptcy is completed, then divorce will proceed without any further delay from bankruptcy.

Bankruptcy and Divorce: Which Comes First?

If you are contemplating filing for bankruptcy and divorce, then timing can be critical. Read on to learn more about whether it makes sense to file for bankruptcy before or after a divorce. How Can Bankruptcy and Divorce Affect Each Other? In general, bankruptcy takes precedence over your divorce. Filing for bankruptcy during a divorce can delay the distribution of assets and liabilities until the bankruptcy is completed. In other words, you have to finish your bankruptcy before a divorce can be finished. As a result, there is no real way to “do them at the same time.” Also, bankruptcy handles debts tied to a person’s name or social security number. Therefore, it can affect how debts are treated in your divorce. Finally, bankruptcy courts treat your income differently depending on whether you are married, separated, or divorced when the case is filed. Why File for Bankruptcy First? If you and your spouse are on good terms, then consider a bankruptcy before the divorce. By filing jointly, all debts will be addressed under one bankruptcy case. You can wipe out your joint debts together and may also be able to increase your exemption amounts. This is also helpful if one spouse makes all the money because it will increase the chance of qualifying for a Chapter 7 for that spouse. Bankruptcy will also eliminate contracts that neither one of you wants, like car loans that cost too much or mortgages on houses that are completely underwater.

Why File for Divorce First? Filing for divorce first might make sense if your joint income is too high to qualify for Chapter 7 bankruptcy. For example, if you make significantly less than your spouse then you may be able to qualify for a Chapter 7 to get rid of debt in your name without a Chapter 13 payment plan. In some cases, both spouses may qualify for Chapter 7 bankruptcy individually after a divorce even if they could not do it jointly. Proper planning in a divorce may also move certain assets outside of the trustee’s influence. For example, if one spouse takes a house in the divorce, a proper judgment with the proper transfer of title/mortgage can protect the ex-spouse from your creditors. Finally, by divorcing first, it will allow for support considerations. For example, if you will owe a lot of support, then it will help to know that amount before the bankruptcy. Specifically, the support can affect how your bankruptcy will proceed. Nothing is worse than having a bankruptcy repayment plan based on income you do not have access to.


what is the surface area of the square pyramid?

Surface Area of a Square Pyramid Formula A square pyramid is a polyhedron with a square base and 4 triangular faces. All the triangular faces meet at a single point called the apex. The faces of the pyramid connect the bases with the apex. Surface Area of a Square Pyramid is the sum of the surface area of the square base and the surface area of the 4 triangular faces. The Surface Area of a Square Pyramid Formula is, Where,

Formulas Math Formulas Geometry Formulas Pyramid Formula Surface Area of a Pyramid Formula Surface Area of a Square Pyramid Formula

b is the side length of the square base of the square pyramid. s is the slant height of the face of the square pyramid. Surface Area of a Square Pyramid Problems Back to Top Some solved problems on the surface area of a square pyramid are given below : Solved Examples Question 1: Find the surface area of a square pyramid of base length 3 cm and slant height 5 cm ? Solution: Given, b = 3 cm s = 5 cm Surface area of a square pyramid = 2bs + b 2 = 2 (3 cm) (5 cm) + (3 cm) 2 = 30 cm 2 + 9 cm 2 = 39 cm 2Question 2: Find the surface area of a square pyramid of base length 9 cm and slant height 13 cm ? Solution: Given, b = 9 cm s = 13 cm Surface area of a square pyramid = 2bs + b 2 = 2 (9 cm) (13 cm) + (9 cm) 2 = 234 cm 2 + 81 cm 2 = 315 cm 2


how old is lil moco

rweb video star Lil Moco born on 02 11 1994 in . Until now, Lil Moco 's age is 23 year old and have Scorpio constellation. Count down 355 days will come next birthday of Lil Moco !

Lil Moco

"Lil Mocoweb video star#14138 Most Popular Boost Birthday November 02, 1994Birthplace Zimbabwe AGE 23 years old Horoscope Scorpio About Popular You Tuber who creates music video parodies on his channel spacejamgardenz. He has a side vlog channel called spacejamsjournal as well. As of April 2015, his channel was approaching 650,000 subscribers. His most viewed parody video is a parody of Drake's ""Started from the Bottom"" called ""Started from the Border"" featuring Chingo Bling. Before fame He joined the You Tube world on February 12, 2010 and posted his first video a few months later. Related to He was born in Zimbabwe. The meaning of the name Moco: Booge

Lil Moco Popularity#14138Most popular#1183Born on November 02#328Born in 1994#1144web video star#82Scorpio web video star#1Born in Lil Moco is a member of Famous Famous Scorpio Famous web video star Famous 1994More November 02 Birthdays More 23 Year Olds More web video stars "


what are plastids

Plastids are the cellular organelles that contain several different pigments, starch, oil, protein, etc. They contain various pigments which impart different colours to leaves, fruits and other parts of the plants. Plastids on the basis of pigments can be classified into chloroplasts, chromoplasts and leucoplasts.

what are plastids or chloroplasts

Rishav Raj, asked a question Subject: Science, asked on 22/5/13what are plastids or chloroplasts Share with your friends 0 Follow 0EXPERT ANSWERDr Saman Ahmad, Meritnation Expert added an answer, on 23/5/13

Chloroplasts are green-coloured plastids. They are responsible for the green colour of the leaves. They carry out the process of photosynthesis and help plants prepare their own food. This conversation is already closed by Expert Was this answer helpful? 1View Full Answer


baby doctor visits price

Without insurance, the cost of a well-baby doctor’s visit is right around $100. However, the majority of these visits are covered by insurance and the only thing you will need to pay is your copay, which could range from $5-$25 depending on your insurance provider.

Baby Costs > How Much Does a Well-Baby Doctor Visit Cost? How Much Does a Well-Baby Doctor Visit Cost? In order to ensure that your baby is growing properly, it is recommended that you schedule well-baby doctors visits on a regular basis. In the first year, a baby should see the doctor for 7 well-visits: between 2-5 days after birth, and then at one, two, four, six, nine, and twelve months. During the second year, the baby will usually visit every three months.“ Baby toes ” ( CC BY 2.0 ) by sabianmaggy How much is it?

A baby will need a visit during the first week of life, followed by a two-week visit, four-month visit, six-month visit, nine-month visit, and first-year visit. Without insurance, the cost of immunizations for your baby’s first year will be, on average, a little over $600. This won’t include the physician fee. This cost is almost always covered by insurance, however, and some states even do it for free for those without insurance. According to BMO Harris Bank, the average out-of-pocket medical expenses in the first year is about $1,297. Physician visit at hospital with Hep B vaccine injected $2503 day well visit $1502 week well visit with newborn screening $5004 month well visit with the DTa P, Hib, PCB, Rotavirus and IPV immunizations $5506 month well visit with the DTa P, Hep B, PCV, Hib, Rotavirus and IPV immunizations $5509 month well visit with immunizations $55012 month well visit with MMR, Hepatitis A, Varicella, Hib and PCV immunizations $550TOTAL $3,100 without insurance What is going to be included? As noted on the charts above, well-baby visits will be done during the first week, first month, second month, forth month, sixth month and ninth month. Mayo clinic provides much information regarding what to expect at each of the child’s well-baby check-ups in the first year. The doctor will take the baby’s measurements including his or her height, weight, and head circumference. A doctor will use a chart to see how your child is growing compared to other children in the same range. Your baby’s head will be checked for soft spots as well as external problems such as cradle cap. The doctor will look in the baby’s ears, mouth, and eyes. A stethoscope will be used to listen to the baby’s heart and lungs. The doctor will press and feel the baby’s abdomen to make sure there are no problems with the organs. The doctor will move the baby’s hips and legs around to see if there are any dislocations or bone problems. The baby’s genitalia will be checked for a number of different things, such as a hernia. Immunizations will also be given according to schedule. During these visits, a pediatrician will ask if the baby is hitting milestones, is active and is eating well. What are the extra costs? Some doctor offices charge a “new patient” or “processing” fee for the first visit. The visits discussed here are only well-baby visits. If your child becomes ill, the cost will increase. Tips to know: When choosing a pediatrician, be sure to ask friends and family for a recommendation. While the Yellow Pages can help with the search, you’re not going to be able to get a first-hand experience. Neighbors, friends and family will be more than happy to assist those with recommending a good pediatrician. Do a background check with your pediatrician to see if any wrongdoings have been done in the past. The Federation of State Medical Boards (FSMB) can show you if there are serious disciplinary actions, or if there are any bad marks. It doesn’t hurt to interview a handful of those that you’re interested in. Before talking with one, make sure that your insurance company works with this doctor. Take a look around the office. How clean is the office? Talk with the staff. How is the staff? Are they accommodating? Do they feel annoyed when you ask them questions during off hour sessions? Does the pediatrician make you feel stupid when you ask questions? It’s always best to trust your gut. Be sure to add your newborn to your health insurance policy within 30 days. According to the Affordable Care Act, the health care reform law notes that well-baby visits must be covered. Questions to ask: How many doctor’s offices do you have? If there is more than one, ask them why they have more than one. What are the latest trends with diseases, nutrition and treatments? What are you doing to help prevent these problems? What is your experience with working with children? How long have you been practicing medicine? Do you have any references that I can talk to? Is my baby up to date with immunizations? What can I do to make sure my baby is sleeping healthy? How much television can my baby watch? How can I compare prices? Most people find a doctor based on a friend or family member’s recommendation. Some insurance companies have a list of recommended doctors from which to choose. Websites such as pediatricians.com can help you find a pediatrician in your area. Be hesitant when reading reviews online. These reviews can commonly be rigged by insiders. Tips to know: When choosing a pediatrician, be sure to ask friends and family for a recommendation. While the Yellow Pages can help with the search, you’re not going to be able to get a first-hand experience. Neighbors, friends and family will be more than happy to assist those with recommending a good pediatrician. Advertising Disclosure: This content may include referral links. Please read our disclosure policy for more info. Average Reported Cost: $122100 %0 %Map data ©2018 Google, INEGI Terms of Use Map Satellite Less Expensive$1 $1.5K $3K $5K $6.5KMore Expensive$8k How much did you spend? Was it worth it? Anonymous ( Waukesha, Wisconsin) paid $122 and said: Well Child visit was $122 with no ins. Was it worth it? Yes


what family of antibiotics is levaquin in

eet Before taking an antibiotic in the Flouroquinolone ( Quinolones) family (Cipro, Levaquin, Floxin, Avelox, Tequin, Noroxin, Maxaquin, Trovan, Raxar, Zagam, Ciloxin, Quixin, Ocuflox, Penetrex, Chibroxin, Cinoxin, Vigamox, and Factive, just to name a few), please do your research.

"Teresa Allen Contributor •Flouroquinolone Antibiotics (Cipro, Levaquin, Avelox, Floxin and many others) and their dangers Posted by Teresa Allen November 26, 2009 1:49 AMComments Off Tw

This family of antibiotics carries some very dangerous side effects. Even the FDA has put out ‘black box’ warnings on these drugs. Before today, I didn’t even know about this particular family of antibiotics. But what I have learned after being prescribed Avelox, along with Ibuprofen has opened my eyes and reinforced what we should all do…educate yourself before you vaccinate or take any prescription medications. I have been suffering with a sinus infection for about a month. I went to the doctor when this started and they put me on the Z pack. I took it for the required number of days (I’ve taken this before in the past). After finishing up the Z pack, I started having pain in my mouth and tongue. My tongue was actually cracking and bleeding. So I went back to the doctor. I was diagnosed with thrush. The doctor put me on a mouthwash of Nystatin. I still had the sinus infection but he couldn’t treat both at the same time. He advised me to use the mouthwash and once the thrush was gone to come back and see him. Well, this past Thursday, I started feeling just rotten. By the next morning, I was feeling so bad I got up and went back to the doctor. He said I was still suffering from the sinus infection but also had an ear infection and throat infection. He put me on 2000mg per day of Amoxicillin. I started taking it on Friday of last week. I have been taking 4 capsules (500 mg each) for the last 6 days. After 6 days I was not improving so I went BACK to the doctor today (Wednesday). This is where it gets good (or bad). She gave me a prescription for an antibiotic called Avelox. I asked her about side effects because I’ve never heard of this antibiotic before. She said the ‘normal’ things you would expect to hear. She also gave me something called Fluconazole for the yeast infection. This is a 1 time pill by mouth. She also gave me a prescription for 600mg Ibuprofen for the pain. I had the prescriptions filled and returned home to research. What I found shows how doctors fail to read the package inserts on the medications they prescribe. Avelox is used for pneumonia in hospitals. It is supposed to be the LAST resort and only when the patients life is in danger. Obviously my life is NOT in danger! I’m just suffering from a bad sinus infection. Go to these sites and see what I’ve found on this antibiotic:http://fqvictims.org/fqvictims/index.htm This is what I found on the Antibiotics.org site: The Food and Drug Administration imposed the government’s most urgent safety warning on Cipro, Levaquin, Avelox and many other flouroquinolone antibiotics. The FDA orders a prominent ""black box"" warning and the development of new literature for patients emphasizing the risks. The most prominent risk is tendon rupture causing long term disability, possibly permanent. This is an important first step to ensuring these antibiotics are only used when the patient faces a potential fatal outcome, and only after the use of all other antibiotics have been ruled out. This is not due to the probability of risk, but rather severity. To those who have been affected, prognosis is normally not good. There is no cure. Often repeat exposure through food and water cause a continual never ending cycle of symptoms. Many victims face the fact that their lives have been completely destroyed. Many face loss of job and income, some face breakup of the family. Some have even committed suicide because of the pain inflicted by these drugs. Unfortunately, physicians currently give these prescriptions out like candy. To emphasize the ignorance of physicians, Cipro is often prescribed post-op for tendon repair surgery. The physician will often prescribe a drug known to cause tendon rupture as a preventive to infection after tendon repair surgery. There is an obvious neglect on the part of the physicians who simply do not known the potential dangers of the drugs they prescribe. So where is the breakdown of information? Unfortunately many physicians mistakenly rely on pharmaceutical drug reps to point out any potential side effects rather than investigating it themselves. Further implicating the physicians, they accept gifts from drug companies and in return will prescribe unnecessary and dangerous substances. Drug Reps, paid on commission, find themselves making more sales by not disclosing the dangers, or make light of potential side effects. Making the problem worse, the drug manufactures trivialize and distort the potential risks. A pending U. S. Senate bill would require drug companies to report gifts to doctors of more than $25. New York State’s legislature plans to hold hearings this year on the relationship between doctors and drug companies. One congressional critic has even compared the drug industry with the tobacco industry, and Senator John Mc Cain has called drugmakers the ""bad guys. ""Antibiotics known as flouroquinolones have been associated with some or all of the following adverse drug reactions: Tendonitis, Tendon Rupture, Tendon, Ligament, Joint and Muscle Damage Vision Damage, Hearing Loss, Taste Perversion Peripheral Neuropathy (Tingling, burning sensation)Insomnia, Nightmares, Anxiety Attacks, Depersonalization, Cognitive Disorders Brain, Heart, Liver, Kidney, Pancreas, Blood and Endocrine Disorders Severe Psychotic Reactions, Suicidal Thoughts or Actions Gastrointestinal Damage Compounding the problem, there are numerous drugs which should not be taken in combination with this class of antibiotics. There are increased risks of injury when they are taken in combination with corticosteroids (e.g. : Prednisone, Flovent, Nasarel, Azmacort, Advair Disku, Methylprednisolone Dospak, Elocon Cream, Desoximetasone Cream, and Sterapred) and when taken in combinations with non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) (e.g. : Motrin, Pamprin, Aleve, Advil, and Ibuprofen, among others). Physicians are frequently not aware of these contraindications and prescribe dangerous combinations of drugs which cause severe injuries to their patients. Physicians may also not be able to identify that their patient is suffering an adverse reaction and instruct them to continue to take more of the antibiotic resulting in very serious and perhaps preventable injuries. Commonly prescribed antibiotics in the Fluoroquinolone class can cause: peripheral neuropathy-eye and sinus problems-muscle pains-tendonitis-gastro-intestinal problems, and more. Some of the antibiotics responable are: Cipro,Levaquin,Avelox,Floxin. There are 13 total in this class of antibiotics that have side effects that can cause the above mentioned problems. The side effects are listed in the PDR, but most Drs. are unaware of this problem. A new warning was included in 2004 of the potential for severe and permanent PN with the use of Quinolones. There are several forums filled with people that have had thier lives ruined by these antibiotics. The damage can show up weeks to months after you are done taking the Quinolones. They can also cause severe insomnia and anxiety that goes away after a few weeks. This could be the cause of alot of the so called ""idiopathic"" PNs out there. Just google in – Quinolones and adverse drug reactions. There is a petition to Congress concerning Quinolones: A petition To the United States Congress I , _________________________________________am signing this petition to request the United States Congress to immediately take action to protect consumers from the reckless and negligent abuses of the FDA and the following Pharmaceutical Companies: Bayer, Ortho-Mc Neill, Pfizer, Merck, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Sanofi Winthrop, Bertek Pharmaceuticals – Rhone-Poulenc Rorer and Barr. These companies manufacture and distribute fluoroquinolone antibiotics in the United States in a manner that fails to warn of serious adverse event risks, and downplays and fails to warn physicians of the serious risks associated with fluoroquinolone therapy. As a result, physicians and patients cannot adequately assess the Risk/Benefit ratio of medical therapy using these drugs, leaving patients permanently crippled, paralyzed, in chronic pain with a host of other long-term/permanent, multi-systemic adverse drug reactions. The fluoroquinolone antibiotics manufactured and distributed are: Cipro, Levaquin, Floxin, Avelox, Tequin, Noroxin, Maxaquin, Trovan, Raxar, Zagam, Ciloxin, Quixin, Ocuflox, Penetrex, Chibroxin, Cinoxin, Vigamox, and Factive, to name a few. Fluoroquinolone adverse events which were known by the drug companies and the FDA, have been occurring for over twenty years. These adverse events were not made known to physicians, pharmacists and patients. In essence, the drug companies marketed their drugs in a reckless manner, recommending these powerful “last-line of defense” antibiotics be prescribed as a “first-line of defense” drug in order to capitalize on expanding markets and maximize profits. These companies pushed and pressured physicians to prescribe these drugs for “off-label” uses and failed to disclose and make known to doctors the serious adverse reactions that are causing long-term and sometimes permanent crippling damage. Physicians have been left with the illusion that fluoroquinolone antibiotics are safer and superior to other competitive drugs on the market although they are not. The adverse drug reactions listed below are some of the long lasting and/or permanent reactions caused by these antibiotics: cardiovascular damage; peripheral and central nervous system damage; tendon and muscle damage including tenosynovitis, tendonitis, atrophy, joint and bone damage; vision problems; hearing loss; liver damage; kidney damage; cancer; brain toxicity and death, just to name a few. Two decades after introducing these drugs, the FDA finally mandated the drug companies to make warning label changes to their package inserts providing almost anecdotal warnings of some of these reactions. Unfortunately those warnings do not adequately describe the serious potential long term effects of the medications. Physicians, pharmacists and patients remain unaware of the potentially lethal effects of these drugs. Because the drug companies failed to warn of these serious adverse reactions when they first learned of them years and years ago, as required by law, these companies have evaded litigation by dodging under the statute of limitations. With these actions, the companies have committed fraud, depraved indifference, false advertising, and a number of other violations of the law. This behavior must be addressed and justice served. In August, 1996, Public Citizen petitioned the FDA to:1) Immediately require a warning in bold type in the official product labeling (package insert) for all fluoroquinolone antibiotics sold in the U. S.; 2) Immediately require that a Med Guide (patient package insert) be distributed with all new and refill fluoroquinolone prescriptions warning the public of possible tendon damage and informing the public to stop using the drug and contact their physicians if tendon pain develops; 3) Immediately inform all U. S. physicians through a ""Dear Doctor Letter"" by registered mail about the risk of tendon rupture with fluoroquinolone antibiotics; 4) Immediately inform all other U. S. health professionals through the F. D. A. Medical Bulletin about the new warning. The FDA and drug companies DID NOT FOLLOW THROUGH to warn anyone and in the meantime, thousands more people have had their lives destroyed by these antibiotics. The FDA and pharmaceutical companies should be held liable for the disabilities, loss of income and medical bills attributed to the dangerous adverse drug reactions of this class of antibiotic drugs. The FDA and pharmaceutical companies have long been aware of these issues and continually do nothing about it. By law, if the pharmaceutical companies know their products have a safety issue, they are required to notify the medical community and general public through amended product labeling, Dear Doctor Letters and advertisements in clinical and research health journals, publications and other media sources. I respectfully request that that the United States Congress immediately and fully investigate the misconduct of the pharmaceutical companies and the FDA and implement a procedure for the victims of this misconduct to be compensated for the damages they have suffered—notwithstanding existing statutes of limitations. I’m going back to the doctors office to show her what I found on this antibiotic. She gave me a prescription for 600mg of Ibuprofen along with the Avelox. Avelox should not be taken with Ibuprofen. I can thank Merck for one thing…I’ve learned to RESEARCH before taking anything. "


what is a mimo receiver

MIMO (multiple input, multiple output) is an antenna technology for wireless communications in which multiple antennas are used at both the source (transmitter) and the destination (receiver). The antennas at each end of the communications circuit are combined to minimize errors and optimize data speed.

MIMO (multiple input, multiple output)

MIMO is one of several forms of smart antenna technology, the others being MISO (multiple input, single output) and SIMO (single input, multiple output). Download this free guide PDF: Tips for Successful Mobile App Development and Deployment Save this guide to compare 12 mobile app development platforms to discover which option is best for your organization. Corporate E-mail Address: By submitting your personal information, you agree that Tech Target and its partners may contact you regarding relevant content, products and special offers. You also agree that your personal information may be transferred and processed in the United States, and that you have read and agree to the Terms of Use and the Privacy Policy. In conventional wireless communications, a single antenna is used at the source, and another single antenna is used at the destination. In some cases, this gives rise to problems with multipath effects. When an electromagnetic field (EM field) is met with obstructions such as hills, canyons, buildings, and utility wires, the wavefronts are scattered, and thus they take many paths to reach the destination. The late arrival of scattered portions of the signal causes problems such as fading, cut-out (cliff effect), and intermittent reception (picket fencing). In digital communications systems such as wireless Internet, it can cause a reduction in data speed and an increase in the number of errors. The use of two or more antennas, along with the transmission of multiple signals (one for each antenna) at the source and the destination, eliminates the trouble caused by multipath wave propagation, and can even take advantage of this effect. MIMO technology has aroused interest because of its possible applications in digital television (DTV), wireless local area networks (WLANs), metropolitan area networks (MANs), and mobile communications. PRO+Content Find more PRO+ content and other member only offers, here. E-Handbook Take a mobile-first approach to digital transformation E-Handbook Explore the latest enterprise mobile security technology E-Zine Enterprise mobile application development changes IT strategy


what county is holliston ma

The Town of Holliston Town of Holliston - Tax Assessors' Office Office is located in the Holliston Town Hall building in Holliston, Massachusetts. Town of Holliston is a locality in Middlesex County, Massachusetts. Unlike many other areas where property taxes are collected on a county level, Town of Holliston has its own tax assessor's office. If your property is located in a different Middlesex County locality, see that page for tax assessor's information.

Town of Holliston, Massachusetts Tax Assessors' Office

Where is the Town of Holliston Tax Assessor's Office?

City of Cambridge City of Everett City of Lowell City of Malden City of Marlborough City of Medford City of Melrose City of Newton City of Somerville City of Waltham City of Woburn Town of Acton Town of Arlington Town of Ashby Town of Ashland Town of Ayer Town of Bedford Town of Belmont Town of Billerica Town of Boxborough Town of Burlington Town of Carlisle Town of Chelmsford Town of Concord Town of Dracut Town of Dunstable Town of Framingham Town of Groton Town of Holliston Town of Hopkinton Town of Hudson Town of Lexington Town of Lincoln Town of Littleton Town of Maynard Town of Natick Town of North Reading Town of Pepperell Town of Reading Town of Sherborn Town of Shirley Town of Stoneham Town of Stow Town of Sudbury Town of Tewksbury Town of Townsend Town of Tyngsborough Town of Wakefield Town of Watertown Town of Wayland Town of Westford Town of Weston Town of Wilmington Town of Winchester What can the Town of Holliston Assessor's Office do for me? The Town of Holliston Tax Assessor's Office oversees the appraisal and assessment of properties as well as the billing and collection of property taxes for all taxable real estate located in Town of Holliston. Contact the assessor's office if you need help with paying your property taxes, applying for a homestead exemption or other tax exemption, reporting upgrades to your home, appealing your property tax assessment, or verifying your property records. Submitting a Town of Holliston property tax appeal If you believe that your house has been unfairly overappraised (i.e. appraised at a value higher than the true market value of the property), you can attempt to get your home re-appraised at a lower value by contacting the Assessor's Office to submit a property tax appeal. You will have to submit a form describing your property and sufficient proof that it is overassessed, including valuations of similar homes nearby as evidence. If your appeal is accepted, your home assessment (and property taxes) will be lowered as a result. If you would like to appeal your property, call the Town of Holliston Assessor's Office at (508) 429 0604 and ask for a property tax appeal form. Keep in mind that property tax appeals are generally only accepted in a 1-3 month window each year. For more information and example appeals, see how to appeal your property taxes . Useful Town of Holliston Facts: The median home value in Town of Holliston is between $418,787.00 and $422,813.00. Property tax rates are based on property values.


why did spock die in wrath of khan

The damage done to the ship in battle made her unable to achieve warp drive; she couldn't get out of the danger zone fast enough. Spock entered the containment area of the anti-matter core and adjusted it manually, allowing the ship to go to warp speed. In the process, he fatally irradiated himself. I also recall that when the news leaked that Spock would die in The Wrath of Khan, fans went crazy.

How did Spock die?

Lacey Sheridan, Retired School Administrator Answered Jun 27, 2015 · Author has 939 answers and 602.7k answer views As I remember it, the Enterprise was about to be destroyed because of its proximity to the Genesis device.

The studio was inundated with angry mail, one fan or club took out newspaper ads condemning the idea, and Leonard Nimoy received some death threats.1.8k Views · View Upvoters


what is the colorless, gaseous element that makes up four-fifths of the air

Nitrogen is a chemical element with the symbol N and atomic number of 7. Under normal conditions nitrogen is a colorless, odorless and tasteless gas. Nitrogen makes up around 78% of the air you breathe. Nitrogen is present in all living things, including the human body and plants. Nitrogen gas is used in food storage to keep packaged or bulk foods fresh. It is also used in the making of electronic parts, for industrial purposes and has many other useful applications.

Nitrogen gas is often used as an alternative to carbon dioxide for storing beer in pressurized kegs. The smaller bubbles it produces is preferred for some types of beer. Titan, the largest moon of Saturn, has an atmosphere nearly entirely made of nitrogen (over 98%). It is the only moon in our solar system known to have a dense atmosphere. Nitrogen is in a liquid state when at a very low temperature. Liquid nitrogen boils at 77 kelvin (−196 °C, −321 °F). It is easily transported and has many useful applications including storing items at cold temperatures, in the field of cryogenics (how materials behave at very low temperatures), as a computer coolant (a fluid used to prevent overheating), removing warts and much more. Decompression sickness (also known as the bends) involves nitrogen bubbles forming in the bloodstream and other important areas of the body when people depressurize too quickly from scuba diving. Similar situations can occur for astronauts and those working in unpressurized aircraft. Nitrous oxide (also known as laughing gas or by its chemical formula N 2 O) is used in hospitals and dental clinics as an anesthetic (removing or reducing pain and general awareness for various surgeries). Nitrous oxide is also used in motor racing to increase the power of engine and speed of the vehicle. When used for this purpose it is often referred to as nitrous or NOS. Nitrous oxide is a considerable greenhouse gas and air pollutant. By weight is has nearly 300 times more impact than carbon dioxide. Nitroglycerin is a liquid used to create explosives such as dynamite. It is often used in the demolition and construction industries as well as by the military. Nitric acid (HNO 3) is a strong acid often used in the production of fertilizers. Ammonia (NH 3) is another nitrogen compound commonly used in fertilizers. More Chemistry Facts!Calcium Carbon Chlorine Coal Diamond Helium Hydrogen Neon Nitrogen Oil Oxygen Radon Silicon Sulfur


what is microsoft ssrs

As you can see, Microsoft SQL Server Reporting Services is an excellent vehicle for tapping into your data in a meaningful way across the entire organization and providing better insight into what is going on in your business.

8 Top Reasons Why You Should Consider Microsoft SQL Server Reporting Services (SSRS)Email| Print Companies collect and store large amounts of data, and many times it is difficult to present that data in a meaningful way and provide insight into what is going on in the business to make relevant and timely decisions for the company. To be able to make effective business decisions, all types of users across the company need to have easy access to informative and intuitive reports that combine data from the many sources throughout the organization. That’s where Microsoft SQL Server Reporting Services (SSRS), in conjunction with SQL server database, will help. If your company has an Enterprise, Standard or Express edition of Microsoft SQL Server running, you already have SSRS available to you; there's no need to shell out extra money for purchasing SSRS. So if you’re a current Dynamics ERP user, you can start using SSRS to your advantage! SQL Server Reporting Services combines the benefits of a centrally-managed reporting system with the flexibility and on-demand nature of desktop and web-based applications. It’s designed to support a wide variety of reporting needs including managed enterprise reporting, ad-hoc reporting, embedded reporting, and web based reporting to enable organizations to deliver relevant information wherever it’s needed across your entire organization. As a Microsoft Dynamics GP partner, we work with many organizations to help them realize the benefits of SSRS whether it’s through deployment, implementation and/or customization of SSRS. Here are some top advantages our clients experience with SSRS: Easy to deploy - SSRS is a comprehensive reporting platform whereby reports are stored on a centralized web server. Because reports are centralized, users can run reports from one place and having centralized reports also means that report deployment is quite simple. Easy export for further analysis with multiple file formats - Users need to be able to access and share reports in the format with which they are most familiar. SSRS supports rendering to most common file formats including HTML, PDF, CSV, XML, and Image (TIFF) and also offers complete rendering in Microsoft Office Word and Microsoft Office Excel. Reports in Microsoft Office formats are fully editable, enabling users to create custom documents based on these reports. Ability to develop a Reporting Portal - Enables organizations to embed reports directly into business applications and web portals, enabling users to consume reports within the context of their business process. Organizations are able to bring all business critical data, structured as well as unstructured, from across the company together in one central location providing one common experience for information access so that users can see key business performance information at a glance. Make a report run based on your timing via Report Subscription – SSRS supports standard as well as data-driven subscriptions, enabling the automatic delivery of reports to the right users by pushing them directly to each user via email or by sending them to a file share from where users can pull the reports. Users can use standard subscriptions to have reports delivered to them based on a custom schedule and specified report parameter values. Interactive sorting capabilities - Applying sort capabilities to a report enables users to sort the data by any of the columns of the report in ascending or descending order. For example, a user viewing a report containing a list of sales might sort the data first by date, and then by sales amount. Drilldown reporting - Without any customization or programming, users can seamlessly drill through any combination of data in the database. Intuitive display options – Users have different requirements and expectations when viewing and interacting with reports, and a report format that works well for one kind of data might not be appropriate for other kinds of data. SSRS supports a number of display options, enabling you to create reports that display data in the most suitable layout for the users including a list, chart, table, or matrix format. Windows Security - In today’s world, security of data is important and SSRS provides enough security measures to ensure the safety of company data. SSRS implements a flexible and a role-based security model to protect reporting resources. This ensures that every employee is allowed access to data which the user role is entitled to.

For more details on how you can tap into all the benefits of SSRS for your organization, feel free to contact the certified SSRS experts at Borek Business Solutions. By Roger Borek, Borek Business Solutions, Microsoft Dynamics GP Implementation and Services, Oregon March 14, 2013 by Roger Borek, Borek Business Solutions Email| Print Ask The Author Tags: Microsoft Dynamics GP Partner Oregon, Microsoft SQL Server Reporting Services, Microsoft SQL Server Reporting Services top reasons to consider Posted in Dynamics ERP Reporting/BI, Financial Reporting, User - ERP User Posts | 2 Comments »More Posts By Roger Borek, Borek Business Solutions Top 4 ERP Trends for 2014Move from Quick Books and Get 5 Microsoft Dynamics GP Users for $3,000!4 Critical Success Factors to Upgrading Your ERP Solution Move Up to Dynamics GP ERP for Less – Get 5 Users for $3,000Improve Financial Reporting with the Latest Features of Management Reporter 2012 Rollup 5 (RU5)Related Posts My Three, No My FOUR, Favorite New Features in Management Reporter 2012Improve Financial Reporting with the Latest Features of Management Reporter 2012 Rollup 5 (RU5)Microsoft Dynamics GP Workflow 2.0 Configuration Tutorial FRx Row Linking: How to Replicate Reports in MS Management Reporter Microsoft Dynamics GP Timecard Entry – Overview


what is beer gas

Gas (CO2 and sometimes N2) is a normal ingredient in beer, and is used to push beer from the keg to the glass. Up to now, the tradition was to use Co2 to push beer out of a keg.

"Announcing Draftmasters by Camcarb!Camcarb is proud to announce the launch of it's new sister company Draftmasters; specialists in the installation of complete or partial draft systems including assembly and installation of refrigeration units, kegs, presurized lines, heads and taps. Literally end to end services when combined with Camcarbs highly regarded beer gas supply and service. Visit the new Draftmasters website at www.draftmasters.ca .... Beer Gas & Food Grade Certified CO2 ""POPGAS""Camcarb is the leader in supplying the hospitality and restaurant industry with certified food grade compressed gases, such as food grade certified CO2, and specialty gases like Beer Gas. We remove the stress of maintaining gas stocks, and provide expert advice on managing your compressed gas inventory. This includes delivering and connecting cylinders, removing empties, managing your inventory, and providing expertise and guidance on the best solution to match your specific requirements. Camcarb has a full selection of hospitality gases, from Beer Gas to food grade certified carbon dioxide, in a wide variety of cylinder sizes. Camcarb specializes in supporting some of the following industries, commercial uses, or home based examples: Restaurants Pubs/Bars/Dance Clubs Banquet Halls Arenas/Stadiums Theatre/Concert Halls Events (Concerts, Sports, Parties, Weddings)Golf Courses Resorts Company Cafeterias/Lunch Rooms Home Entertainment (Bar, Patio)Call us and we can assist you in any questions regarding your food quality compressed gases to Beer Gas needs. What Is Food Grade Certified CO2? Food grade certified CO2 is used in soda machines and such, added to pop syrup to carbonate the liquid, whereas commercial grade CO2 is used for industrial uses such as welding applications. What Is Beer Gas?

But pure Co2 causes too much foam. Beer Gas is a special mixture of nitrogen and CO2 designed to correctly carbonate beer without excessive foam. The reduced CO2 content of the gas maintains the perfect carbonation level as the nitrogen pushes the beer from keg to tap. By controlling the carbonation level, Beer Gas greatly reduces foam at the tap. The result, a perfect glass of beer with a creamy head and no wasted foam. Beer Gas maintains optimum carbonation right to the bottom of barrel. The right balance of gases will keep the dissolved gas levels perfect, whereas the wrong balance will damage the beer by changing dissolved gas levels. Any change in gas levels will affect pressure and temperature, and impact both flavour and appearance of the beer. Advantages of using Beer Gas Maximize Your Beer Profits: Minimize beer waste and Extend the Life of your Beer System. Faster Pours: Allows you to increase the tap pressure without over-carbonating the beer. Higher tap pressure means quicker fills. Better Tasting Beer: Every beer is brewed to a specific carbonation level. Since mixed gas maintains this level, you serve beer the way the brewer intended. The Science Of Beer Pressure is the force of gas molecules hitting the walls (and floor and ceiling) of a container. The amount of force (pressure) depends on the number of molecules hitting the surfaces and the speed at which they hit. Pressure changes if we change temperature, volume or the number of molecules. Under normal beer dispensing conditions gas molecules are constantly going in and out of solution in the beer. Gas Molecules hit the surface and get absorbed into the beer while dissolved molecules hit the surface and escape the beer. If we increase the pressure, the gas molecules hit the surface of the liquid faster, and/or more often. After a pressure increase, more molecules are going in than are going out. This process continues until equilibrium is reached. At equilibrium, enough molecules are absorbed that the same number of molecules are leaving as are entering. When the temperature rises, the dissolved molecules move faster, hitting the surface harder and more often, causing more of them to escape the beer. As it gets colder the opposite is true. Therefore, colder beer temperatures keep more gas in solution if the pressure remains constant. Warmer temperatures require more pressure to keep the same amount of gas in solution. If the keg is filled with more than one type of gas molecule (N2 and CO2 for example) each gas acts independently. If there were enough CO2 molecules in a keg to generate 15 psi of CO2 and you added enough N2 to bring the total pressure to 25 psi you still have 15 psi worth of CO2 molecules hitting the surface and entering solution. If the CO2 was in equilibrium before adding the N2 it will stay at equilibrium after adding the N2: Adding enough N2 to take the total pressure to 1000 psi will not change the number of CO2 molecules or the force with which they strike the surface or the amount of CO2 dissolved in the beer. For the most part, we all live at one atmosphere of pressure. One Atmosphere is 14.7 (15) psi above a complete vacuum. Absolute pressure (PSIA) starts at complete vacuum (no gas molecules at all). Gauge Pressure (PSIG) is always indicated from one atmosphere which changes with altitude and barometric pressure. When we think of gas dissolved in beer it is necessary to think in terms of absolute (PSIA) pressure since to get all of a gas out of a liquid at normal temperatures it is necessary to expose it to a vacuum. A keg half full of beer and half full of CO2 at 0 PSIG still has 15 PSIA worth of CO2 molecules doing their thing. "


why is bioluminescence impacted

Bioluminescent organisms can glow in complete darkness. They contain a unique compound called luciferin, according to scientists who study bioluminescence at the University of California at Santa Barbara. When luciferin is exposed to oxygen, a chemical reaction (aided along by an enzyme called luciferase) emits light. Bioluminescence is different from fluorescence. Fluorescent organisms, such as butterflies that have fluorescent markings on their wings, would not glow in complete darkness. Fluorescent pigments only glow in the presence of an external light source, according to the UCSB scientists.

What Causes Bioluminescence?

"Live Science Animals What Causes Bioluminescence? By Benjamin Radford, Live Science Contributor | June 16, 2010 09:44am ETMOREBioluminescent jellyfish can glow in complete darkness. Credit: Anzhelika Koval | Dreamstime Wouldn't it be cool to have a flashlight at your fingertips whenever you need one? No more fumbling for your car keys in the dark, or trying to navigate over uneven terrain at dusk. Though humans can't create our own light, some animals do, in a process called bioluminescence. Fireflies are perhaps the best known example, though many other species are bioluminescent, including glow worms, anglerfish, and octopus. Even some plants, such as mushrooms and other fungi, are bioluminescent. What allows some plants and animals to create their own light? It's all about energy. Most people know that chemical energy can be released as heat that's how the food we eat gets transformed into body heat. In bioluminescent organisms, that chemical energy can also be released in the form of light.

For humans, that ability to glow in the dark might be fun, but body heat may be a bit more practical. How Do Spiders Make Silk? How Deadly Is the Box Jellyfish? What Is a Mirage? Got a question? Email it to Life's Little Mysteries and we'll try to answer it. Due to the volume of questions, we unfortunately can't reply individually, but we will publish answers to the most intriguing questions, so check back soon. Ads by Revcontent From The Web Computer Owners Urged to Do This Today (Free Scan)Safe Web User This App Teaches People Spanish in Just 3 Weeks - Find out How!The Babbel Magazine It's Here: America's Next Big Bankruptcy Stansberry Research You Could Become a PCH Multi-Millionaire on 4/27!Publishers Clearing House You Should Never Shop on Amazon Again After Seeing This Site Tophatter The Average Everquote User Saves $536 / Year Ever Quote Author Bio Benjamin Radford, Live Science Contributor Benjamin Radford is the Bad Science columnist for Live Science. He covers pseudoscience, psychology, urban legends and the science behind ""unexplained"" or mysterious phenomenon. Ben has a master's degree in education and a bachelor's degree in psychology. He is deputy editor of Skeptical Inquirer science magazine and has written, edited or contributed to more than 20 books, including "" Scientific Paranormal Investigation: How to Solve Unexplained Mysteries ,"" "" Tracking the Chupacabra: The Vampire Beast in Fact, Fiction, and Folklore "" and “Investigating Ghosts: The Scientific Search for Spirits,” out in fall 2017. His website is www. Benjamin Radford.com. Benjamin Radford, Live Science Contributor on "


us estate tax for canadians

"Given the lack of details beyond the above statement, it is natural for people to wonder what this proposal really means and how the changes will impact them, particularly for Canadians. As a reminder, US estate tax, which Trump calls the ""death tax"", is a federal estate tax that applies at a rate of 40% on individual estates over $5.49million or $10.98million for married couples. The US estate tax affects Canadians who are dual US citizens and even Canadians who own US situs property, which includes both real property and US-based securities (whether registered or not).

Canada: Trump's Overhaul Of US Estate Tax â What Does It Mean For Canadians?

"Canada: Trump's Overhaul Of US Estate Tax – What Does It Mean For Canadians? Last Updated: November 2 2017 Article by Jag Gandhi Miller Thomson LLPYour Linked In Connections at Firm On September 27, 2017, Donald Trump released his ""unified framework for fixing our broken tax code"", which included a one-line statement that would significantly impact taxation on death for many Americans and even some Canadians: ""The framework repeals the death tax and the generation skipping transfer tax. "

There is a significant amount of cross border estate planning that Canadian-US citizens or Canadians owning US situs property engage in to help mitigate the effects of US estate tax. While the repeal of US estate tax and generation skipping transfer tax would have a significant impact on the very rich Americans and how much tax that they would pay on death, such a repeal would also relieve some of the complicated estate planning required by many Canadians trying to avoid US estate tax from applying to their own estates. However, such relief should be taken with caution, as the one-liner fails to address or explain whether the ""death tax"" will be repealed in its entirety or whether there will be exceptions for non-Americans owning US situs property. It would be difficult to imagine the US government giving up the opportunity to collect money from non-Americans who might be benefiting from being part American or owning US property. Also, such repeal of tax, even if it does apply to both Canadian-US citizens or Canadians owning US situs property, would not alleviate any disclosure or filing requirements that many Canadians have as a result of their US connection. How that collected information will or could be used against dual citizens or Canadians owning US property is still unknown. Could another type of tax be created to collect money from non-Americans? Therefore, while such repeal may seem exciting for Canadians, the news should be taken with a grain of salt until all the details become available. Until the reform moves through the US judicial system and more details are provided, we will not know how such a change will really affect cross border estate planning going forward. The content of this article is intended to provide a general guide to the subject matter. Specialist advice should be sought about your specific circumstances. Do you have a Question or Comment? Click here to email the Author Interested in the next Webinar on this Topic? Click here to register your Interest Contributor Jag Gandhi Miller Thomson LLPEmail Firm View Website More from this Firm More from this Author News About this Firm Authors Jag Gandhi More Popular Related Articles on Tax from Canada The ""Income Sprinkling"" Trilogy – V3 Of The Tax On Split Income Proposals Moodys Gartner Tax Law LLPWhen we think about trilogies, our brains often think about movies and not tax proposals. US Tax Debt, No Social Security Number…Goodbye US Passport? Moodys Gartner Tax Law LLPAs another season of summer travel starts, UK residents with US ties should make sure they are thinking carefully about their US tax obligations. Further Elimination Of The Small Business Tax Deferral Collins Barrow National Incorporated Ontario corporations are subject to a general corporate income tax rate of 26.5%CRA Monitors Your Bedroom Common Law Marriage For Tax Purposes Rotfleisch & Samulovitch P. C. A common law marriage is an informal relationship that does not require the legal form of a statutory marriage. U. S. Tax Reform Punishes U. S. Citizens Abroad Collins Barrow National Incorporated From a taxation perspective, the period from July 2017 to February 2018 has been one of the most tumultuous in recent history for Canadian private company owners. Subjecting Transfers Of Beneficial Ownership To PTT Is Not As Simple As It Might Seem Thorsteinssons LLPBC's Property Transfer Tax Act (""PTTA"") currently taxes only registered transfers of realty. In other words, it essentially taxes transfers of legal ownership ... Budget 2018: Developments Affecting Private Companies Miller Thomson LLPBudget 2018 contains two new measures to deter the accumulation of passive assets within private corporations. These changes are a welcome departure from the Federal Government's July 18, 2017 ... U. S. Internal Revenue Service To End Offshore Voluntary Disclosure Program MNPOn March 13, 2018 the U. S. Internal Revenue Service (IRS) announced it will be shutting down the Offshore Voluntary Disclosure Program (OVDP) in September. "


qsen definition of safety

The following statement is to be displayed prominently in instructional materials: The Quality and Safety Education for Nurses Education Consortium (QSENEC) is a national initiative of the American Association of Colleges of Nursing (AACN) to enhance quality and safety content throughout nursing courses in entry-level nursing programs.

Quality and Safety Education for Nurses Education QSEN Attribution and Copyright When using QSEN curriculum materials in any form, clear attribution to the program is expected.

This project is generously funded by The Robert Wood Johnson Foundation. All materials are copyrighted by the AACN and are used with permission from the original source. Users are encouraged to reproduce and modify these materials for non-commercial educational use only. They may not be used for ANY commercial or other purpose. Further information about the QSEN program can be found at http://www.aacn.nche.edu/qsenec/index.htm . (e Raider login is required)QSEN Project Overview QSEN Attribution Statement QSEN Project Overview Evidence Based Practice EBP Educational Blueprint EBP Resource Paper EBP Glossary EBP Resource Page EBP Content Presentation Informatics Informatics Educational Blueprint Informatics Resource Paper Informatics Glossary Informatics Resource Page Informatics Self Assessment Health Informatics Presentation Patient-Centered Care PCC Educational Blueprint PCC Resource Paper PCC Glossary PCC Resource Page PCC Tool Kit QSEN How culturally competent are you QSEN How culturally competent are you directions CLAS Standards Patient Centered Care Content Presentation Quality Improvement QI Educational Blueprint QI Resource Paper QI Glossary QI Resource Page Exploring the Compare Website Tool Organizational Quality Improvement Philosophy QI Tool Kit Quality Improvement Content Presentation Safety Safety Educational Blueprint Safety Resource Paper Safety Glossary Safety Resource Page Safety Content Presentation Do Not Use List Error Prone Abbreviations WHO Safety Curriculum Teamwork and Collaboration Teamwork Educational Blueprint Teamwork Resource Paper Teamwork Glossary Teamwork Resource Page Teamwork and Collaboration Content Presentation


where is clifton springs, ny

Clifton Springs is a village located in Ontario County, New York, United States. The population was 2,223 at the 2000 census. The village takes its name from local mineral springs. The Village of Clifton Springs is located primarily in the Town of Manchester, but the eastern part is in the Town of Phelps. The village is southeast of Rochester, NY. The location was first settled around 1801, and much of the early community endeavors exploited the sulfur springs as a health spa.

Clifton Springs

Clifton Springs Clifton Springs, NYFavorite Share More Nearby Directions Sponsored Topics Description

The village was incorporated in 1859.


how long does it take to get a va refinance loan?

an. Most common factors that affect how quickly you close a VA loan: How quickly you return your VA loan disclosures Once you lock your interest rate in (generally 30-45 days to give enough time to process the loan), the clock starts ticking. Your lender should get the disclosures to you that same day.

How long does it take to close a VA loan? April 26, 2014 By Bruce Glassinger0 0 1It is one of the most common questions asked by future VA home buyers or home owners looking to refinance with a VA loan.“How long will it take to close?”There are many factors that go into determining how long it takes to close a VA loan. Each factor can add days to the process. A VA loan should be easily closed inside of 30 days. However, several things can slow the process down, such as your lender’s processing time, VA state appraisal delivery times and more importantly than anything, how quickly you return the loan disclosures authorizing the bank to process the lo

At that point it is your job to gather the information needed by the lender to process your loan and send it in along with the signed authorization documentation. The longer this takes, the more files other customers are turning in get in front of you. So you definitely want to get a quick start and be in front of the line. How popular is the lender? This may seem like an odd reason for slower VA processing times but this can have a severe impact on how long it takes to close a VA loan. In fact, it often has a negative impact on rates and fees as well but we’ll stick to the turn times here. What makes one lender more popular than another?...advertising. How much a lender advertises on television, the radio, or even on the internet can cause a huge spike in business. Because there are extreme ebbs and flows in the mortgage business due to fluctuating rates, lenders can’t forecast the levels of business that will occur. This combined with large advertising budgets creates a mass influx of files at one time. A lender just can’t increase their workforce at a moments notice. As a result major bottlenecks occur in the workflow, thus slowing down every aspect of the business. Choosing a lender because you see them on TV all of the time is like going to a movie on opening day. It generally won’t be the best experience. Is the lender LAPP certified? A lot of veterans don’t know what LAPP is or realize how much quicker this can speed up the process. LAPP stands for Loan Appraisal Process Procedure. It basically means VA has authorized the lender to review the appraisal certify the value. In short, it is a review of the appraisal for accuracy. This assures the veteran is getting a fair value for the home and not over paying or borrowing more than the home’s worth. If a lender is not LAPP, they have to let VA issue the NOV (Notice of Value). Keep in mind, there are thousands of lenders nationwide that don’t have this certification. All of these lenders are turning appraisals into VA for review. This of course causes a backlog and delays the NOV. It can take as long as two weeks depending on the number of appraisals coming in at one time whereas a LAPP lender can turn it around the day they receive the appraisal. Appraisal delivery times VA gives appraisers a specific time frame to complete their appraisals. This VA appraisal delivery time is based on the state where the property located. In most states, the appraiser is given 10 business days and it’s not uncommon for the appraisers to take the entire 10 days. If the home is located in rural area, the appraiser may need additional time as well, to gather the necessary information to complete the appraisal. Repairs to the property Often times, through the home inspection or as requested by the appraiser, the property requires repairs to bring it to your standards or the standards of VA. The level of repair can severely impact the loan process. How quickly these repairs are completed and if they are required by the appraiser or not could determine how quickly you close as well. If it’s required by the appraiser, it will have to be confirmed by the appraiser, which means an additional trip and amended report by the appraiser. Water testing If the home is not on public water, a water test will be required to assure it meets the local Health Authority’s standards. This process can take a couple days or a couple weeks. If you’re buying a home that does not have public water, you should have a water test immediately to assure it does not slow the process down at all. You can help determine how long it takes to close a VA loan All in all, this may seem like a long list of factors that can slow the process down. Keep in mind, as long as your file is moving along, most of these items can happen at the same time. More importantly, planning ahead, having due diligence, knowing the VA loan process and working with a bank that has quick turn times will all speed up the time it takes to close your VA loan. Image courtesy of Suat Eman / Free Digital Photos.net Find more VA FAQHow to Apply for a VA loan Filed Under: Buying a Home with a VA Loan, VA Lenders, VA Loan Information, VA Refinance, Veteran First Time Home Buyer Tagged With: VA Loan, VA loan closing time, VA underwriting turn time About Bruce Glassinger Bruce Glassinger is the sole contributing author to VAloanlending.com. His experience with VA loans and working with veterans spans 13 years. Currently he is a VA Loan Specialist with BNC National Bank, a Federally Chartered bank based in Bismarck, ND.


definition of lu

Lu - a trivalent metallic element of the rare earth group; usuallyoccurs in association with yttriumatomic number 71, lutecium, lutetiummetal, metallic element - any of several chemical elements that are usually shinysolids that conduct heat or electricity and can be formed into sheets etc.

Lu Also found in: Thesaurus, Medical, Financial, Acronyms, Encyclopedia, Wikipedia . Lu The symbol for lutetium. American Heritage® Dictionary of the English Language, Fifth Edition. Copyright © 2016 by Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company. Published by Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company. All rights reserved.luthe internet domain name for (Computer Science) Luxembourg Luthe chemical symbol for (Elements & Compounds) lutetium LUabbreviation for (Units) loudness unit Collins English Dictionary – Complete and Unabridged, 12th Edition 2014 © Harper Collins Publishers 1991, 1994, 1998, 2000, 2003, 2006, 2007, 2009, 2011, 2014Lu Chem. Symbol.lutetium. Random House Kernerman Webster's College Dictionary, © 2010 K Dictionaries Ltd. Copyright 2005, 1997, 1991 by Random House, Inc. All rights reserved. Lu The symbol for lutetium. The American Heritage® Student Science Dictionary, Second Edition. Copyright © 2014 by Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company. Published by Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company. All rights reserved. Thesaurus Antonyms Related Words Synonyms Legend: Switch to new thesaurus Noun 1.

Based on Word Net 3.0, Farlex clipart collection. © 2003-2012 Princeton University, Farlex Inc. Want to thank TFD for its existence? Tell a friend about us, add a link to this page, or visit the webmaster's page for free fun content . Link to this page: Facebook Twitter