what tree has acorns?

The leaves and acorns of the oak tree are poisonous to cattle, horses, sheep, and goats in large amounts due to the toxin tannic acid, and cause kidney damage and gastroenteritis. Symptoms of poisoning include lack of appetite, depression, constipation, diarrhea (which may contain blood), blood in urine, and colic.

Oak

"""Oak tree"" and ""Quercus"" redirect here. For other uses, see Oak (disambiguation), Oak Tree (disambiguation), and Quercus (disambiguation). This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (January 2017) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message)Oak Foliage and acorns of Quercus robur Scientific classification Kingdom: Plantae Clade: Angiosperms Clade: Eudicots Clade: Rosids Order: Fagales Family: Fagaceae Genus: Quercus L. Species See List of Quercus species An oak is a tree or shrub in the genus Quercus ( / ˈ k w ɜːr k ə s /; [1] Latin ""oak tree"") of the beech family, Fagaceae. There are approximately 600 extant species of oaks. The common name ""oak"" also appears in the names of species in related genera, notably Lithocarpus (stone oaks), as well as in those of unrelated species such as Grevillea robusta (silky oaks) and the Casuarinaceae (she-oaks). The genus Quercus is native to the Northern Hemisphere, and includes deciduous and evergreen species extending from cool temperate to tropical latitudes in the Americas, Asia, Europe, and North Africa. North America contains the largest number of oak species, with approximately 90 occurring in the United States, while Mexico has 160 species of which 109 are endemic. The second greatest center of oak diversity is China, which contains approximately 100 species. [2]Oaks have spirally arranged leaves, with lobate margins in many species; some have serrated leaves or entire leaves with smooth margins. Many deciduous species are marcescent, not dropping dead leaves until spring. In spring, a single oak tree produces both male flowers (in the form of catkins) and small female flowers. [3] The fruit is a nut called an acorn or oak nut borne in a cup-like structure known as a cupule; each acorn contains one seed (rarely two or three) and takes 6–18 months to mature, depending on their species. The acorns and leaves contain tannic acid, [4] which helps to guard from fungi and insects. [5] The live oaks are distinguished for being evergreen, but are not actually a distinct group and instead are dispersed across the genus. Contents [ hide ]1 Classification1.1 Genus Quercus1.2 Genus Cyclobalanopsis2 Hybridization3 Uses4 Biodiversity and ecology5 Genetics6 Diseases and pests7 Toxicity8 Cultural significance8.1 National symbol8.1.1 Oaks as regional and state symbols8.1.2 Political use8.2 Religious8.3 Historical8.4 Famous oak trees9 Historical note on Linnaean species10 See also11 References12 Bibliography13 External links Classification The oak tree is a flowering plant. Oaks may be divided into two genera (sometimes referred to as subgenera) and a number of sections: Genus Quercus Oak at Schönderling See also: List of Quercus species The genus Quercus is divided into the following sections: Sect. Quercus (synonyms Lepidobalanus and Leucobalanus ), the white oaks of Europe, Asia and North America. Styles are short; acorns mature in 6 months and taste sweet or slightly bitter; the inside of an acorn shell is hairless. The leaves mostly lack a bristle on their lobe tips, which are usually rounded. The type species is Quercus robur. Sect. Mesobalanus, Hungarian oak and its relatives of Europe and Asia. Styles long; acorns mature in about 6 months and taste bitter; the inside of this acorn's shell is hairless. The section Mesobalanus is closely related to section Quercus and sometimes included in it. Sect. Cerris, the Turkey oak and its relatives of Europe and Asia. Styles long; acorn mature in 18 months and taste very bitter. The inside of the acorn's shell is hairless. Its leaves typically have sharp lobe tips, with bristles at the lobe tip. Sect. Protobalanus, the canyon live oak and its relatives, in southwest United States and northwest Mexico. Styles short, acorns mature in 18 months and taste very bitter. The inside of the acorn shell appears woolly. Leaves typically have sharp lobe tips, with bristles at the lobe tip. Sect. Lobatae (synonym Erythrobalanus ), the red oaks of North America, Central America and northern South America. Styles long; acorns mature in 18 months and taste very bitter. The inside of the acorn shell appears woolly. The actual nut is encased in a thin, clinging, papery skin. Leaves typically have sharp lobe tips, with spiny bristles at the lobe. Genus Cyclobalanopsis Old oak tree on the shore of Lake Koluvere, Estonia. The ring-cupped oaks of eastern and southeastern Asia. Evergreen trees growing 10–40 m (33–131 ft) tall. They are distinct from subgenus Quercus in that they have acorns with distinctive cups bearing concrescent rings of scales; they commonly also have densely clustered acorns, though this does not apply to all of the species. IUCN, ITIS, Encyclopedia of Life and Flora of China treats Cyclobalanopsis as a distinct genus, but some taxonomists consider it a subgenus of Quercus. It contains about 150 species. Species of Cyclobalanopsis are common in the evergreen subtropical laurel forests which extend from southern Japan, southern Korea, and Taiwan across southern China and northern Indochina to the eastern Himalayas, in association with trees of genus Castanopsis and the laurel family ( Lauraceae ). Hybridization A hybrid white oak, possibly Quercus stellata × Q. muhlenbergii Interspecific hybridization is quite common among oaks but usually between species within the same section only and most common in the white oak group (subgenus Quercus, section Quercus; see List of Quercus species ). Inter-section hybrids, except between species of sections Quercus and Mesobalanus, are unknown. Recent systematic studies appear to confirm a high tendency of Quercus species to hybridize because of a combination of factors. White oaks are unable to discriminate against pollination by other species in the same section. Because they are wind pollinated and they have weak internal barriers to hybridization, hybridization produces functional seeds and fertile hybrid offspring. [6] Ecological stresses, especially near habitat margins, can also cause a breakdown of mate recognition as well as a reduction of male function (pollen quantity and quality) in one parent species. [6] [7]Frequent hybridization among oaks has consequences for oak populations around the world; most notably, hybridization has produced large populations of hybrids with copious amounts of introgression, and the evolution of new species. [8] Frequent hybridization and high levels of introgression have caused different species in the same populations to share up to 50% of their genetic information. [9] Having high rates of hybridization and introgression produces genetic data that often does not differentiate between two clearly morphologically distinct species, but instead differentiates populations. [10] Numerous hypotheses have been proposed to explain how oak species are able to remain morphologically and ecologically distinct with such high levels of gene flow, but the phenomenon is still largely a mystery to botanists. The Fagaceae, or beech family, to which the oaks belong, is a very slow evolving clade compared to other angiosperms, [11] [12] and the patterns of hybridization and introgression in Quercus pose a great challenge to the concept of a species since a species is often defined as a group of “actually or potentially interbreeding populations which are reproductively isolated from other such groups.” [13] By this definition, many species of Quercus would be lumped together according to their geographic and ecological habitat, despite clear distinctions in morphology and, to a large extent, genetic data. Uses Heart of oak beams of the frame of Saint-Girons church in Monein, France Oak wood has a density of about 0.75 g / cm 3 (0.43 oz/cu in) creating great strength and hardness. The wood is very resistant to insect and fungal attack because of its high tannin content. It also has very appealing grain markings, particularly when quartersawn. Oak planking was common on high status Viking longships in the 9th and 10th centuries. The wood was hewn from green logs, by axe and wedge, to produce radial planks, similar to quarter-sawn timber. Wide, quarter-sawn boards of oak have been prized since the Middle Ages for use in interior panelling of prestigious buildings such as the debating chamber of the House of Commons in London and in the construction of fine furniture. Oak wood, from Quercus robur and Quercus petraea, was used in Europe for the construction of ships, especially naval men of war, [14] until the 19th century, and was the principal timber used in the construction of European timber-framed buildings. Today oak wood is still commonly used for furniture making and flooring, timber frame buildings, and veneer production. Barrels in which wines, sherry, and spirits such as brandy, Irish whiskey, Scotch whisky and Bourbon whiskey are aged are made from European and American oak, with single barrel whiskey fetching a premium. The use of oak in wine can add many different dimensions to wine based on the type and style of the oak. Oak barrels, which may be charred before use, contribute to the colour, taste, and aroma of the contents, imparting a desirable oaky vanillin flavour to these drinks. The great dilemma for wine producers is to choose between French and American oakwoods. French oaks ( Quercus robur, Q. petraea) give the wine greater refinement and are chosen for the best wines since they increase the price compared to those aged in American oak wood. American oak contributes greater texture and resistance to ageing, but produces more powerful wine bouquets. Oak wood chips are used for smoking fish, meat, cheeses, [15] and other foods. Sherry maturing in oak barrels Japanese oak is used in the making of professional drums from the manufacturer Yamaha Drums. The higher density of oak gives the drum a brighter and louder tone compared to traditional drum materials such as maple and birch. In hill states of India, besides fuelwood and timber, the local people use oak wood for making agricultural implements. The leaves are used as fodder during lean period and bedding for livestock. [16] [17]A cross section of the trunk of a cork oak, Quercus suber The bark of the cork oak is used to produce winestoppers (corks). This species grows in the Mediterranean Sea region, with Portugal, Spain, Algeria, and Morocco producing most of the world's supply. Of the North American oaks, the northern red oak is one of the most prized of the red oak group for lumber, much of which is marketed as red oak regardless of the species of origin. It is not good for outdoor use due to its open capillaries unless the wood is treated. If the wood is properly treated with preservatives, it will not rot as quickly as cured white oak heartwood. The closed cell structure of white oaks prevents them from absorbing preservatives. With northern red oak, one can blow air through an end grain piece 10 inches long to make bubbles come out in a glass of water. These openings give fungus easy access when the finish deteriorates. Shumard oak, a member of the red oak subgenus, provides timber which is described as ""mechanically superior"" to northern red oak. Cherrybark oak is another type of red oak which provides excellent timber. The standard for the lumber of the white oak group – all of which is marketed as white oak – is the Quercus alba. White oak is often used to make wine barrels. The wood of the deciduous pedunculate oak and sessile oak accounts for most of the European oak production, but evergreen species, such as Holm oak and cork oak also produce valuable timber. The bark of the white oak is dried and used in medical preparations. Oak bark is also rich in tannin, and is used by tanners for tanning leather. Acorns are used for making flour or roasted for acorn coffee. Oak forest in Estonia. Oak on sandy earth. Oak forest on the beach in Njivice, Croatia Oak galls were used for centuries as a main ingredient in iron gall ink, a kind of manuscript ink, harvested at a specific time of year. [ citation needed] In Korea, oak bark is used to make shingles for traditional roof construction. Biodiversity and ecology Oaks are keystone species in a wide range of habitats from Mediterranean semi-desert to subtropical rainforest. For example, oak trees are important components of hardwood forests, and certain species are particularly known to grow in associations with members of the Ericaceae in oak-heath forests. [18] [19] A number of kinds of truffles, including the two well known varieties, the black Périgord truffle [20] and the white Piedmont truffle, [21] have symbiotic relationships with oak trees. The European pied flycatcher is an example of an animal species that often depends upon oak trees. Many species of oaks are under threat of extinction in the wild, largely due to land use changes, livestock grazing and unsustainable harvesting. For example, over the past 200 years, large areas of oak forest in the highlands of Mexico, Central America and the northern Andes have been cleared for coffee plantations and cattle ranching. There is a continuing threat to these forests from exploitation for timber, fuelwood and charcoal. [22] In the USA, entire oak ecosystems have declined due to a combination of factors still imperfectly known, but thought to include fire suppression, increased consumption of acorns by growing mammal populations, herbivory of seedlings, and introduced pests. [23] In a recent survey, 78 wild oak species have been identified as being in danger of extinction, from a global total of over 500 species. [24] The proportion under threat may be much higher in reality, as there is insufficient information about over 300 species, making it near impossible to form any judgement of their status. In the Himalayan region of India, oak forests are being invaded by pine forests due to the increase in temperature. The associated species of pine forest may cross frontiers and become new elements of the oak forests. [25]In eastern North America, rare species of oak trees include scarlet oak ( Quercus coccinea ), chinkapin oak ( Quercus muehlenbergii ), and post oak ( Quercus stellata ). [26]The mature trees shed varying numbers of acorns annually. Scientists suggest that shedding excess numbers allows the oaks to satiate nut gathering species, improving the chances of germination. Every four to ten years, certain oak populations will synchronize to produce almost no acorns at all, only to rain them down excessively the following year, known as a ""mast"" year. The year preceding the mast year is thought to starve off the mammal populations feeding on the supply, thereby increasing the effectiveness of the overproduction in the mast year that follows. [27] [28] This is necessary to the survival of any given oak species, as only one in 10,000 acorns results in an eventual tree. [29]Genetics Beginning November 1, 2011, a project began to sequence the entire oak genome. The goal of the project is to create a high resolution sequence of the Quercus robur genome, and to study genetic diversity by comparison of the genomes of different species. [30] Current research has compiled genomic data from many different sources and techniques to create a genome map with 89% coverage of the genome. The project is still in the process of annotating this genome. [31]Diseases and pests See also: List of Lepidoptera that feed on oaks Oak powdery mildew on pedunculate oak Sudden oak death ( Phytophthora ramorum) is a water mould that can kill oaks within just a few weeks. Oak wilt, caused by the fungus Ceratocystis fagacearum (a fungus closely related to Dutch elm disease ), is also a lethal disease of some oaks, particularly the red oaks (the white oaks can be infected but generally live longer). Other dangers include wood-boring beetles, as well as root rot in older trees which may not be apparent on the outside, often being discovered only when the trees come down in a strong gale. Oak apples are galls on oaks made by the gall wasp. The female kermes scale causes galls to grow on kermes oak. Oaks are used as food plants by the larvae of Lepidoptera ( butterfly and moth) species such as the gypsy moth, Lymantria dispar, which can defoliate oak and other broadleaved tree species in North America. [32]A considerable number of galls are found on oak leaves, buds, flowers, roots, etc. Examples are oak artichoke gall, oak marble gall, oak apple gall, knopper gall, and spangle gall. A number of species of fungus cause powdery mildew on oak species. In Europe the species Erysiphe alphitoides is the most common cause. [33]A new and yet little understood disease of mature oaks, acute oak decline, has been reported in parts of the UK since 2009. [34]Oak processionary moth ( Thaumetopoea processionea) has become a serious threat in the UK since 2006. The caterpillars of this species defoliate the trees, and are hazardous to human health; their bodies are covered with poisonous hairs which can cause rashes and respiratory problems. [35]In California, oaks are affected by the fungal disease Foamy bark canker. Toxicity

The exception to livestock and oak toxicity is the domestic pig, which may be fed entirely on acorns in the right conditions, and has traditionally been pastured in oak woodlands (such as the Spanish dehesa and the English system of pannage) for hundreds of years. Acorns are also edible to humans, after leaching of the tannins. [36]Cultural significance Oak branches on the coat of arms of Estonia National symbol The oak is a common symbol of strength and endurance and has been chosen as the national tree of many countries. Already an ancient Germanic symbol (in the form of the Donar Oak, for instance), certainly since the early nineteenth century, it stands for the nation of Germany and oak branches are thus displayed on some German coins, both of the former Deutsche Mark and the current Euro currency. [37] In 2004 the Arbor Day Foundation [38] held a vote for the official National Tree of the United States of America. In November 2004, the United States Congress passed legislation designating the oak as America's National Tree. [39]Other countries have also designated the oak as their national tree including Bulgaria, Cyprus ( Golden Oak ), England, Estonia, France, Germany, Moldova, Jordan, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Romania, Serbia, and Wales. [40]Oaks as regional and state symbols The oak is the emblem of County Londonderry in Northern Ireland, as a vast amount of the county was covered in forests of the tree until relatively recently. The name of the county comes from the city of Derry, which originally in Irish was known as Doire meaning oak. The Irish County Kildare derives its name from the town of Kildare which originally in Irish was Cill Dara meaning the Church of the Oak or Oak Church. Iowa designated the oak as its official state tree in 1961; and the White Oak is the state tree of Connecticut, Illinois and Maryland. The Northern Red Oak is the provincial tree of Prince Edward Island, as well as the state tree of New Jersey. The Live Oak is the state tree of Georgia, USA. The oak is a national symbol from the Basque Country, specially in the province of Biscay. The oak is a symbol of the East Bay of the San Francisco Bay Area; the coat-of-arms and flag of Oakland, California feature the oak and the logo of the East Bay Regional Park District is an oak leaf. The coat-of-arms of Vest-Agder, Norway, and Blekinge, Sweden, features oak trees. The coat-of-arms of the municipality Eigersund, Norway features an oak leaf. Oak leaves are traditionally an important part of German Army regalia. [ citation needed] The Nazi party used the traditional German eagle, standing atop of a swastika inside a wreath of oak leaves. It is also known as the Iron Eagle. During the Third Reich of Nazi Germany, oak leaves were used for military valor decoration on the Knights Cross of the Iron Cross. They also symbolize rank in the United States Armed Forces. A gold oak leaf indicates an O-4 ( Major or Lt. Commander ), whereas a silver oak leaf indicates an O-5 ( Lt. Colonel or Commander ). Arrangements of oak leaves, acorns and sprigs indicate different branches of the United States Navy Staff corps officers. [41] Oak leaves are embroidered onto the covers (hats) worn by field grade officers and flag officers in the United States armed services. If a member of the United States Army or Air Force earns multiple awards of the same medal, then instead of wearing a ribbon or medal for each award, he or she wears one metal representation of an "" oak leaf cluster "" attached to the appropriate ribbon for each subsequent award. [42]Political use The oak tree is used as a symbol by a number of political parties. It is the symbol of Toryism (on account of the Royal Oak) and the Conservative Party in the United Kingdom, [43] and formerly of the Progressive Democrats in Ireland [44] and the Democrats of the Left in Italy. In the cultural arena, the oakleaf is the symbol of the National Trust (UK), The Woodland Trust, and The Royal Oak Foundation. [41]Religious Grīdnieku ancient oak in Rumbas parish, Latvia, girth 8.27m, 2015In Greek mythology, the oak is the tree sacred to Zeus, king of the gods. In Zeus's oracle in Dodona, Epirus, the sacred oak was the centerpiece of the precinct, and the priests would divine the pronouncements of the god by interpreting the rustling of the oak's leaves. [45]In Baltic and Slavic mythology, the oak is the sacred tree of Latvian Pērkons, Lithuanian Perkūnas, Prussian Perkūns and Slavic Perun, [46] the god of thunder and one of the most important deities in the Baltic and Slavic pantheons. In Celtic polytheism, the name of the oak tree was part of the Proto-Celtic word for 'druid': *derwo-weyd- > *druwid- ; however, Proto-Celtic *derwo- (and *dru-) can also be adjectives for 'strong' and 'firm', so Ranko Matasovic interprets that *druwid- may mean 'strong knowledge'. As in other Indo-European faiths, Taranis, being a thunder god, was associated with the oak tree. [47] The Indo-Europeans worshiped the oak and connected it with a thunder or lightning god; ""tree"" and drus may also be cognate with ""Druid,"" the Celtic priest to whom the oak was sacred. There has even been a study that shows that oaks are more likely to be struck by lightning than any other tree of the same height. [48]In Norse mythology, the oak was sacred to the thunder god, Thor. Thor's Oak was a sacred tree of the Germanic Chatti tribe. In the Bible, the oak tree at Shechem is the site where Jacob buries the foreign gods of his people (Gen. 35:4) . In addition, Joshua erects a stone under an oak tree as the first covenant of the Lord (Josh. 24.25–7). In Isaiah 61, the prophet refers to the Israelites as ""Oaks of Righteousness."" Absalom's long hair (2 Samuel 18:9) gets caught in an oak tree, and allows Joab to kill him. The badnjak is central tradition in Serbian Orthodox Church Christmas celebration where young and straight oak, is ceremonially felled early on the morning of Christmas Eve. In some traditions of Wicca, the Oak King is one of the two faces of the Sun God. He is born on Yule and rules from Ostara to Mabon. [ citation needed]Historical Several singular oak trees, such as the Royal Oak in Britain and the Charter Oak in the United States, are of great historical or cultural importance; for a list of important oaks, see Individual oak trees."" The Proscribed Royalist, 1651 "", a famous painting by John Everett Millais, depicted a Royalist fleeing from Cromwell 's forces and hidden in an oak. Millais painted the picture in Hayes, Kent, from a local oak tree that became known as the Millais Oak. [49] [50]Approximately 50 km west of Toronto, Canada is the town of Oakville, ON, famous for its history as a shipbuilding port on Lake Ontario. [ clarification needed]The city of Raleigh, N. C., is known as ""The City of Oaks. ""The Jurupa Oak tree – a clonal colony of Quercus palmeria or Palmer’s oak found in Riverside County, California – is an estimated 13,000 years old. [51]Large groups of very old oak trees are rare [ why?]. One of the oldest groups of oak trees, found in Poland, is about 480 years old, which was assessed by dendrochronological methods. [52]In the Roman Republic, a crown of oak leaves was given to those who had saved the life of a citizen in battle; it was called the "" civic oak crown "". [48]Famous oak trees Main article: List of notable trees Tamme-Lauri oak is the thickest and oldest tree in Estonia. The Big Oak, by Gustave Courbet (1843). The Emancipation Oak is designated one of the 10 Great Trees of the World by the National Geographic Society and is part of the National Historic Landmark district of Hampton University. The Ivenack Oak which is one of the largest trees in Europe is located in Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Germany, and is approximately 800 years old. [53]The Bowthorpe Oak, located in Bourne, Lincolnshire, is thought to be 1,000 years old. It was featured in the Guinness Book of World Records and was filmed for a TV documentary for its astonishing longevity. [53]The Minchenden (or Chandos) Oak, in Southgate, London, is said to be the largest oak tree in England (already 27 feet or 8.2 meters in girth in the nineteenth century), and is perhaps 800 years old. [54]The Seven Sisters Oak is the largest certified southern live oak tree. Located in Mandeville, Louisiana, it is estimated to be up to 1,500 years old with a trunk that measures 38 ft (11.6 meters). [55] [56]The Major Oak is an 800 to 1000-year-old tree located in Sherwood Forest, Nottinghamshire. According to folklore, it was used by Robin Hood for shelter. Friendship Oak is a 500-year-old southern live oak located in Long Beach, Mississippi. The Crouch Oak is believed to have originated in the 11th Century and is located in Addlestone, Surrey. It is an important symbol of the town with many local businesses adopting its name. It used to mark the boundary of Windsor Great Park. Legend says that Queen Elizabeth I stopped by it and had a picnic. The Angel Oak is a southern live oak located in Angel Oak Park on John's Island near Charleston, South Carolina. The Angel Oak is estimated to be in excess of 400–500 years old, stands 66.5 ft (20.3 m) tall, and measures 28 ft (8.5 m) in circumference. The Kaiser's Oak, located at the village of Gommecourt in Artois, France, named in honour of Kaiser Wilhelm II, symbolically marked from late 1914 to April 1917 the furthest point in the West of the German Imperial Army during World War One. The Wye Oak in Maryland was the United States' largest white oak tree before it blew down in a storm in 2002, at an estimated age of 460 years. Historical note on Linnaean species Linnaeus described only five species of oak from eastern North America, based on general leaf form. These were white oak, Quercus alba; chestnut oak, Q. montana; red oak, Q. rubra; willow oak Q. phellos; and water oak, Q. nigra. Because he was dealing with confusing leaf forms, the Q. montana and Q. rubra specimens actually included mixed foliage of more than one species. See also List of Quercus species References^ Sunset Western Garden Book, 1995, Leisure Arts, pp. 606–607, ISBN 0376038519.^ Hogan, C. 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Bio Tech Books, Delhi, ISBN 8176222097.^ The Natural Communities of Virginia Classification of Ecological Community Groups (Version 2.3), Virginia Department of Conservation and Recreation, 2010Archived 15 January 2009 at the Wayback Machine .. Dcr.virginia.gov. Retrieved on 2011-12-10.^ Schafale, M. P. and A. S. Weakley. 1990. Classification of the natural communities of North Carolina: third approximation. North Carolina Natural Heritage Program, North Carolina Division of Parks and Recreation.^ ""Truffle Glossary: Black Truffles"". thenibble.com. 1 July 2010. Archived from the original on 19 April 2010. Retrieved 1 July 2010.^ ""Truffle Glossary: White Truffles"". thenibble.com. 1 July 2010. Archived from the original on 25 September 2010. Retrieved 1 July 2010.^ Kappelle, M. (2006). ""Neotropical montane oak forests: overview and outlook"", pp 449–467 in: Kappelle, M. (ed.). Ecology and conservation of neotropical montane oak forests. Ecological Studies No. 185. 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""That's nuts: Acorn onslaught hits Florida"". Florida Today. Melbourne, Florida. pp. 1A, 11A. Archived from the original on 29 December 2016. Retrieved 3 December 2016.^ ""Quercus Portal"". Archived from the original on 29 December 2016. Retrieved 3 December 2016.^ Plomion, C., Aury, J.-M., Amselem, J., Alaeitabar, T., Barbe, V., Belser, C., Bergès, H., Bodénès, C., Boudet, N., Boury, C., Canaguier, A., Couloux, A., Da Silva, C., Duplessis, S., Ehrenmann, F., Estrada-Mairey, B., Fouteau, S., Francillonne, N., Gaspin, C., Guichard, C., Klopp, C., Labadie, K., Lalanne, C., Le Clainche, I., Leplé, J.-C., Le Provost, G., Leroy, T., Lesur, I., Martin, F., Mercier, J., Michotey, C., Murat, F., Salin, F., Steinbach, D., Faivre-Rampant, P., Wincker, P., Salse, J., Quesneville, H. and Kremer, A. (2016), Decoding the oak genome: public release of sequence data, assembly, annotation and publication strategies. Mol Ecol Resour, 16: 254–265. doi:10.1111/1755-0998.12425^ ""Trees: Oak Insects and Diseases: Gypsy Moth"". Tree Help.com. Archived from the original on 7 July 2010. Retrieved 27 April 2010.^ Mougou, A.; Dutech, C.; Desprez-Loustau, M. -L. (2008). ""New insights into the identity and origin of the causal agent of oak powdery mildew in Europe"". Forest Pathology. 38 (4): 275. doi: 10.1111/j.1439-0329.2008.00544.x.^ Kinver, Mark (28 April 2010). ""Oak disease 'threatens landscape ' "". BBC News. Archived from the original on 29 April 2010. Retrieved 29 April 2010.^ ""Invasion of toxic moths"". The Northern Echo. July 10, 2012.^ Bainbridge, D. A. (12–14 November 1986), Use of acorns for food in California: past, present and future, San Luis Obispo, CA. : Symposium on Multiple-use Management of California's Hardwoods, archived from the original on 27 October 2010^ Schierz, Kai Uwe (2004). ""Von Bonifatius bis Beuys, oder: Vom Umgang mit heiligen Eichen"". In Hardy Eidam; Marina Moritz; Gerd-Rainer Riedel; Kai-Uwe Schierz. Bonifatius: Heidenopfer, Christuskreuz, Eichenkult (in German). Stadtverwaltung Erfurt. pp. 139–45.^ ""Trees – Arbor Day Foundation"". Arborday.org. Archived from the original on 28 April 2010. Retrieved 27 April 2010.^ ""Oak Trees"". arborday.org. Archived from the original on 9 January 2010. Retrieved 27 April 2010.^ ""Oak as a Symbol"". Venables Oak. Archived from the original on 5 May 2013. Retrieved 26 September 2012.^ a b ""Political or Symbolic"". Extended Definition: oak. Archived from the original on 30 May 2013. Retrieved 26 September 2012.^ ""Army Regulation 670-1 | Wear of appurtenances | Section 29.12 Page 278"". ar670.com. Archived from the original on 22 January 2018. Retrieved 19 January 2018.^ Pickles, Eric. ""The Conservative Party"". Conservatives.com. Archived from the original on 29 April 2010. Retrieved 27 April 2010.^ Coalition Government 1989 To 1992. progressivedemocrats.ie^ Frazer, James George (1922). The Golden Bough. Chapter XV: The Worship of the Oak. Archived 21 May 2012 at the Wayback Machine.^ ""Ąžuolas paprastasis"". Zolininkas.lt (in Lithuanian). 21 February 2011. Retrieved 10 January 2018.^ Taylor, John W. (September 1979). ""Tree Worship""Archived 17 March 2014 at the Wayback Machine ., Mankind Quarterly, pp. 79–142.^ a b Oak. A Dictionary of Literary Symbols. Cambridge.^ Millais, J. G. (1899) Life and Letters of Sir John Everett Millais, vol. 1, p. 166, London : Methuen.^ Arborecology, containing a photograph of the Millais oak Archived 28 August 2008 at the Wayback Machine .. arborecology.co.uk^ Yong, Ed. ""The 13,000-year old tree that survives by cloning itself"". www.nationalgeographic.com. Archived from the original on 6 March 2016. Retrieved 3 February 2016.^ Ufnalski K. The oldest groups of oak trees in Poland. Proceedings of Euro Dendro 2008 ""The long history of wood utilization"" News of Forest History Nr. V (39)/2008:83–84^ a b Bermosa, Nobert. ""Famous Oak Trees in the World"". Archived from the original on 17 August 2012. Retrieved 30 September 2012.^ ""Geograph:: Minchenden Oak, Garden of Remembrance,... (C) Christine Matthews"". Archived from the original on 29 December 2016. Retrieved 3 December 2016.^ Seven Sisters Oak Archived 11 October 2012 at the Wayback Machine .. americanforests.org^ ""Seven Sisters Oak"". 100 Oaks Project. 4 December 2009. Archived from the original on 19 July 2012. Bibliography Byfield, Liz (1990) An oak tree, Collins book bus, London : Collins Educational, ISBN 0-00-313526-8Philips, Roger. Trees of North America and Europe, Random House, Inc., New York ISBN 0-394-50259-0, 1979. Logan, William B. (2005) Oak : the frame of civilization, New York ; London : W. W. Norton, ISBN 0-393-04773-3Paterson, R. T. (1993) Use of trees by livestock, 5: Quercus, Chatham : Natural Resources Institute, ISBN 0-85954-365-XRoyston, Angela (2000) Life cycle of an oak tree, Heinemann first library, Oxford : Heinemann Library, ISBN 0-431-08391-6Savage, Stephen (1994) Oak tree, Observing nature series, Hove : Wayland, ISBN 0-7502-1196-2Tansley, Arthur G., Sir (1952) Oaks and oak woods, Field study books, London : Methuen.Żukow-Karczewski, Marek (1988) Dąb – król polskich drzew (Oak – the king of the Polish trees), AURA (A Monthly for the protection and shaping of human environment), 9, 20–21. External links Wikimedia Commons has media related to Quercus. Wikispecies has information related to Quercus Flora of China – Cyclobalanopsis Oak diseases Flora Europaea: Quercus Oaks from Bialowieza Forest Common Oaks of Florida Oaks of the world The Global Trees Campaign The Red List of Oaks and Global Survey of Threatened Quercus Latvia – the land of oaks Janka Hardness Scale – The Janka Hardness Scale for many Exotic and Domestic species Eichhorn, Markus (May 2010). ""Oak – A Very English Tree"". Test Tube. Brady Haran for the University of Nottingham. [ show]v t e Sources of tannins [ show]v t e National symbols of the United States [ show]v t e Woodworking Taxon identifiers Wd: Q12004 APDB: 194255 Eo L: 32233 EPPO: 1QUEG FNA: 127839 Fo C: 127839Fossilworks: 54594 GBIF: 2877951 GRIN: 10203 i Naturalist: 47851 IPNI: 13507-1 ITIS: 19276NCBI: 3511 PLANTS: QUERC Tropicos: 40021776 VASCAN: 1609Authority control LCCN: sh85093565 GND: 4151140-2 BNF: cb12089056w (data) "


what is peculiar facies

st Hydronephrosis with Peculiar Facies: Introduction Hydronephrosis with Peculiar Facies: A very rare inherited disorder characterized by an unusual face and abnormalities in organs involved with urination. More detailed information about the symptoms , causes, and treatments of Hydronephrosis with Peculiar Facies is available below.

Hydronephrosis with Peculiar Facies

Hydronephrosis with Peculiar Facies Intro Symptoms Causes Tests Prognosis Treatment Misdiagnosis Doctors Complications Must Reads in Health Protecting Your Skin During Winter Watch: My Personal Psoriasis Journey Are You Getting The Best Cancer Care? Keeping An Active Lifestyle With COPDLiver Disease? Find a Doc Who Treats PBCAre You Allergic To Your Clothes? Why Psoriasis Treatments Can Fail Hydronephrosis with Peculiar Facies: Hydronephrosis with Peculiar Facies: Introduction Symptoms Causes Treatments Misdiagnosis Home Testing Complications Prognosis Full Contents li

Symptoms of Hydronephrosis with Peculiar Facies Click to Check Hydroureter Abnormal facial expression Inverted smile Unusual facial expression when crying Unusual facial expression smilingmore symptoms...»See full list of 15 symptoms of Hydronephrosis with Peculiar Facies Treatments for Hydronephrosis with Peculiar Facies Symptomatic measures: bladder retraining, medications - alpha blockers, anticholinergics, antibiotics (to prevent urinary tract infection), catheterization when needed and management of constipation (diet, medications, fluids).more treatments...»Read more about treatments for Hydronephrosis with Peculiar Facies Home Diagnostic Testing Home medical testing related to Hydronephrosis with Peculiar Facies: Bladder & Urinary Health: Home Testing: Home Bladder Testing Home Urinary Tract Infection Testsmore...»Wrongly Diagnosed with Hydronephrosis with Peculiar Facies? Misdiagnosis of Hydronephrosis with Peculiar Facies Failure to diagnose Hydronephrosis with Peculiar Facies Hidden causes of Hydronephrosis with Peculiar Facies (possibly wrongly diagnosed)Undiagnosed: Hydronephrosis with Peculiar Facies Hydronephrosis with Peculiar Facies: Complications Review possible medical complications related to Hydronephrosis with Peculiar Facies: Kidney failure Urinary tract infection Damage to upper urinary tractmore complications...»Causes of Hydronephrosis with Peculiar Facies The condition is inherited in an autosomal recessive mannermore causes...»Read more about causes of Hydronephrosis with Peculiar Facies More information about causes of Hydronephrosis with Peculiar Facies: Underlying causes of Hydronephrosis with Peculiar Facies Hydronephrosis with Peculiar Facies: Undiagnosed Conditions Commonly undiagnosed diseases in related medical categories: Urinary & Bladder Disorders -- serious medical disorders that may be undiagnosed: Incontinence -- Undiagnosed Overactive Bladder Syndrome -- Undiagnosed Interstitial Cystitis -- Undiagnosed Prostate Disorders -- Undiagnosedmore ...»more undiagnosed conditions...»Misdiagnosis and Hydronephrosis with Peculiar Facies Interstitial cystitis an under-diagnosed bladder condition: The medical condition of interstitial cystitic is a bladder condition that can be misdiagnosed as various conditions such as overactive bladder or other causes of pelvic pain... read more »Read more about Misdiagnosis and Hydronephrosis with Peculiar Facies Hydronephrosis with Peculiar Facies: Research Doctors & Specialists Research related physicians and medical specialists: Urinary & Bladder Specialists (Urology): Urology (Urinary Specialists)Urological Surgery (Urinary Surgeons)Kidney Doctors (Nephrologists) -- State Directory Kidney Health Specialists (Nephrology): Nephrology (Kidney Health)Pediatric Nephrology (Child Kidney Health)Urology (Urinary/Bladder)Kidney Doctors (Nephrologists) -- Local Directorymore specialists...»Other doctor, physician and specialist research services: Rate Your Doctor Online Research Your Doctor Online Review Patient Surveys About Your Doctor Research local specialists including ratings, affiliations, and sanctions. Hospitals & Clinics: Hydronephrosis with Peculiar Facies Research quality ratings and patient safety measures for medical facilities in specialties related to Hydronephrosis with Peculiar Facies: Kidney Dialysis Centers -- Hospital Quality Ratings Kidney Doctors (Nephrologists) -- Ratings and Reports Kidney Health (Nephrology) -- Hospital Quality Ratings Urinary Health (Urology) -- Hospital Quality Ratingsmore hospital ratings...»Hospital & Clinic quality ratings »Choosing the Best Hospital: More general information, not necessarily in relation to Hydronephrosis with Peculiar Facies, on hospital performance and surgical care quality:50 Best Hospitals Report Outstanding Patient Experience Award Winning Hospitals Women's Health Best Hospitals Patient Safety Hospital Quality and Clinical Excellence Study (2009)Prognosis for Hydronephrosis with Peculiar Facies Prognosis for Hydronephrosis with Peculiar Facies: If the condition is diagnosed early then kidney failure and damage to the upper urinary tract can be avoided. The unusual facial expression is present at infancy and this should prompt further investigation and diagnosis. More about prognosis of Hydronephrosis with Peculiar Facies Hydronephrosis with Peculiar Facies: Broader Related Topics Kidney conditions Bladder conditions Pelvic conditionsmore types...»Types of Hydronephrosis with Peculiar Facies User Interactive Forums Read about other experiences, ask a question about Hydronephrosis with Peculiar Facies, or answer someone else's question, on our message boards: I can not get a diagnosis. Please help. Tell us your medical story. Share your misdiagnosis story. What is the best treatment for this? See all the forums. Contents for Hydronephrosis with Peculiar Facies: Hydronephrosis with Peculiar Facies What is Hydronephrosis with Peculiar Facies? Prognosis of Hydronephrosis with Peculiar Facies Causes of Hydronephrosis with Peculiar Facies Symptoms of Hydronephrosis with Peculiar Facies Diagnostic Tests for Hydronephrosis with Peculiar Facies Home Testing and Hydronephrosis with Peculiar Facies Signs of Hydronephrosis with Peculiar Facies Complications of Hydronephrosis with Peculiar Facies Misdiagnosis of Hydronephrosis with Peculiar Facies Undiagnosed Hydronephrosis with Peculiar Facies Misdiagnosis of Underlying Causes of Hydronephrosis with Peculiar Facies Treatments for Hydronephrosis with Peculiar Facies Doctors and Medical Specialists for Hydronephrosis with Peculiar Facies Hospital Statistics for Hydronephrosis with Peculiar Facies Glossary for Hydronephrosis with Peculiar Facies Related Hydronephrosis with Peculiar Facies Info Videos about Hydronephrosis with Peculiar Facies More information about Hydronephrosis with Peculiar Facies Hydronephrosis with Peculiar Facies: Introduction Symptoms Causes Treatments Misdiagnosis Home Testing Complications Prognosis» Next page: What is Hydronephrosis with Peculiar Facies? Medical Tools & Articles: Tools & Services: Bookmark this page Symptom Search Symptom Checker Medical Dictionary Medical Articles: Disease & Treatments Search Misdiagnosis Center Full list of interesting articles Forums & Message Boards Ask or answer a question at the Boards: I cannot get a diagnosis. Please help. Tell us your medical story. Share your misdiagnosis story. What is the best treatment for my condition? See all the Boards.


what is soap over http

SOAP is a communication protocol that specifies the format for sending messages. RPC and CORBA has compatibility and security issues, whereas HTTP is compatible with all the browsers. Now that HTTP communicates over TCP/IP. A SOAP method is an HTTP request/HTTP response that compiles with the SOAP encoding rules. using SOAP, a protocol submitted to the W3C data can be enclosed in XML and transmitted using any number of Internet Protocols.

"Join Stack Overflow to learn, share knowledge, and build your career. Email Sign Upor sign in with Google Facebook Why does a SOAP message have to be sent over HTTP? Ask Questionup vote15down votefavorite5Below is a demo SOAP request message: HTTP/1.1 200 OK Content-Type: text/xml; charset=""utf-8"" Content-Length: nnnn <SOAP-ENV: Envelopexmlns: SOAP-ENV = ""http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/soap/envelope/""SOAP-ENV:encoding Style = ""http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/soap/encoding/"" /><SOAP-ENV: Header><t: Session Orderxmlns:t = ""http://example.com""xsi:type = ""xsd:int"" must Understand = ""1"" >5</t: Session Order></SOAP-ENV: Header><SOAP-ENV: Body><Get Stock Quotexmlns = ""http://someexample.com"" ><Price> MSFT </Price></Get Stock Quote></SOAP-ENV: Body></SOAP-ENV: Envelope>And we can see, this SOAP message is encoded as if it is a web page. Why do we have to use the HTTP protocol? SOAP message is just some XML, why not we just use XML as the information exchange protocol and get rid of the HTTP headers (thus leave HTTP alone). Many thanks. Update - 1HTTP is not a transport level protocol. It is just a application-level protocol. It has nothing to do with transport. Actually, my question is what's the motive of adding HTTP stuff to a SOAP message?xml soap network-programming protocols webservice-clientshare improve this questionedited Dec 27 '10 at 17:09asked Dec 27 '10 at 16:55smwikipedia18.3k 52 182 3366XML is not a networking protocol, it is set of data encoding rules. – jball Dec 27 '10 at 16:59Who says SOAP works only over HTTP?? – marc_s Dec 27 '10 at 17:044It seems like your actual questions are about what HTTP is, what purpose it serves, and how it functions. Once you've gained an understanding of that, the reasons for the use of HTTP in SOAP implementations should be clear to you. – jball Dec 27 '10 at 17:32@jball, thanks for reminding. Maybe this question could be really solved if I fully understand what magic HTTP protocol has. And this magic qualifies HTTP as a protocol for distributed computing. – smwikipedia Dec 27 '10 at 18:05add a comment9 Answers active oldest votesup vote19down voteaccepted SOAP can be sent over different transports. HTTP is just one of them.share improve this answeranswered Dec 27 '10 at 16:59Emil Vikström69.4k 12 102 1431HTTP is not a transport level protocol. It is just a application-level protocol. It has nothing to do with transport. Actually, my question is what's the motive of adding HTTP stuff to a SOAP message? – smwikipedia Dec 27 '10 at 17:082In SOAP terms it is a transport. In the WSDL you bind the web service to a transport. I think I've read that the motivation behind the decision to allow HTTP as one of multiple transports is that most firewalls are already configured to allow HTTP (I know that's a rather silly explanation but I haven't seen any other explanation). – Emil Vikström Dec 27 '10 at 17:14Thanks, I have read similar explanations related to firewall. But based on what could a firewall believe that it is a HTTP packet that is passing through? The existence of HTTP headers? So we add HTTP headers to SOAP messages? Not so persuasive. – smwikipedia Dec 27 '10 at 17:174It's not really a silly explanation, you have a pre defined set of protocols for dealing with HTTP. Using tried technology can save quite a bit of time. There are servers that have been tested and are secure, hopefully preventing Bufferoverflow attacks etc. It is quite difficult to design a secure application layer protocol that goes over the internet. This is a simple way to use an existing protocol for messaging, and is very portable across platforms. – Andrew T Finnell Dec 27 '10 at 17:49Thank you, Andrew. – smwikipedia Feb 19 '11 at 9:03show 1 more commentup vote32down vote Overview SOAP is a messaging protocol and in a nutshell is just another XML language. Its purpose is the data exchange over networks. Its concern is the encapsulation of these data and the rules for transmitting and receiving them. HTTP is an application protocol and SOAP messages are placed as the HTTP payload. Although there is the overhead of HTTP, it has the advantage that it is a protocol that is open to firewalls, well-understood and widely-supported. Thus, web services can be accessed and exposed via technology already in-place. SOAP messages are usually exchanged via HTTP. Although it is possible to use other (application) protocols, e.g. SMTP or FTP, the non-HTTP bindings are not specified by SOAP specs and are not supported by WS-BP (interoperability spec). You could exchange SOAP messages over raw TCP but then you would have web services that are not interoperable (not compliant to WS-BP). Nowadays the debate is why have the SOAP overhead at all and not send data over HTTP ( RESTful WS ). Why use HTTP for SOAP? I will try to address in more detail the question in the OP, asking why use HTTP for SOAP: First of all SOAP defines a data encapsulation format and that's that. Now the majority of traffic in the web is via HTTP. HTTP is literary EVERYWHERE and supported by a well-established infrastructure of servers and clients (namely browsers). Additionally it is a very well understood protocol. The people who created SOAP wanted to use this ready infrastructure and SOAP messages were designed so that they can be tunneled over HTTPIn the specs they do not refer to any other non-HTTP binding but specifically refer to HTTP as an example for transfer. The tunneling over HTTP would and did help in it's rapid adoption. Because the infrastructure of HTTP is already in-place, companies would not have to spend extra money for another kind of implementation. Instead they can expose and access web services using technology already deployed. Specifically in Java a web service can be deployed either as a servlet endpoint or as an EJB endpoint. So all the underlying network sockets, threads, streams, HTTP transactions etc. are handled by the container and the developer focuses only on the XML payload. So a company has Tomcat or JBoss running in port 80 and the web service is deployed and accessible as well. There is no effort to do programming at the transport layer and the robust container handles everything else. Finally the fact that firewalls are configured not to restrict HTTP traffic is a third reason to prefer HTTP. Since HTTP traffic is usually allowed, the communication of clients/servers is much easier and web services can function without network security blockers issues as a result of the HTTP tunneling. SOAP is XML=plain text so firewalls could inspect the content of HTTP body and block accordingly. But in this case they could also be enhanced to reject or accept SOAP depending on the contents. This part which seems to trouble you is not related to web services or SOAP, and perhaps you should start a new thread concerning how firewalls work. Having said that, the fact that HTTP traffic is unrestricted often causes security issues since firewalls are essentially by-passed, and that is why application-gateways come in. But this is not related to this post. Summary So to sum up the reasons for using HTTP: HTTP is popular and successful. HTTP infrastructure is in place so no extra cost to deploy web services. HTTP traffic is open to firewalls, so there are no problems during web service functioning as a result of network security.share improve this answeredited Aug 1 '14 at 7:33mthomas384 1 6 16answered Dec 27 '10 at 17:19Cratylus31.4k 49 160 283Thanks for your reply. But what magic makes a SOAP message can pass a firewall once it is stuffed as a HTTP payload? – smwikipedia Dec 27 '10 at 17:281@smwikipedia: It is not SOAP that does that. Firewalls do not restrict HTTP traffic in port 80, even in private corporations, so HTTP is very convenient for communication among client/servers behind firewalls. Firewalls is a MAJOR issue in distributed computing and HTTP helps on this since its traffic is allowed. As a result web services (as a distributed mechanism) can function with no such headaches due to security blockings – Cratylus Dec 27 '10 at 17:36On what criteria does a firewall decide it is HTTP traffic? The port number can be easily changed. Does the firewall make the decision based on the traffic format? If so, how about we just add some dummy http headers to fool the firewall? – smwikipedia Dec 28 '10 at 17:05@smwikipedia: Please see my update in my answer. If you have an HTTP server deployed in port 80 you can have a rule to accept all inbound traffic to port 80 for the specific IP. For outbound you can have more complicated rules or use a proxy. HTTP is plain text so it can easily be inspected. – Cratylus Dec 28 '10 at 20:49How about SOAP on Web Socket? It's as extensible as HTTP, and gets through firewalls. – Franklin Yu Nov 15 '16 at 18:57add a commentup vote5down vote The motive of using HTTP was to get through firewalls. You see most network IT people do not allow just any port to be open, but for some reason they always allowed port 80 to be open for web pages. Because web servers have been tested over the years it is ""easier"" to secure them. By using HTTP you have an existing set of tools for dealing with a communications protocol.share improve this answeranswered Dec 27 '10 at 17:11Andrew T Finnell11.5k 2 23 36Thanks for your reply. If so, what we should do is not to add HTTP headers, but to make the SOAP message go through the port 80. Isn't it? – smwikipedia Dec 27 '10 at 17:32That is a solution, however, there are smart switches now that can do packet inspection to see if it is a valid HTTP response/request. If this is in a intranet and you control the IT then yes you can just use port 80 as a regular port. If not, you run the risk of a switch denying the communications because it isn't in proper format. – Andrew T Finnell Dec 27 '10 at 17:46Thanks. We are closing the target. So, just adding HTTP headers will fool the firewall. If so, I could just adding a dummy HTTP header to my SOAP message as long as it is a well-formated HTTP request/response. – smwikipedia Dec 27 '10 at 17:50So the question comes down to: Does the HTTP part content has any actual meaning? Or it just exist to fool the firewall? – smwikipedia Dec 28 '10 at 17:02add a commentup vote2down voteyou can use TCP too and that was named . NET Remoting before and now its part of WCF...share improve this answeranswered Dec 27 '10 at 16:58Numenor1,537 10 18Is there any formal (standardized) protocol, or everyone has to turn to Microsoft? – Franklin Yu Nov 15 '16 at 18:43add a commentup vote0down vote It is up to developer to choose the transfer layer for Simple Object Access Protocol. The XML is not a network protocol so the data cant be transfered using just XML. It has to be packed into something.share improve this answeranswered Dec 27 '10 at 17:02Damian Leszczyński - Vash23.8k 7 43 86add a commentup vote0down vote Another reason might be that (if I remember correctly) HTTP is also designated as a ""gold standard"" for how an internet protocol is supposed to look/work, so if you were to develop an own protocol, you'd basically (in an ideal world at least) end up with something very similar if you followed all the RFCs. Therefore, why not use HTTP, one of the worlds most common and well understood protocols.share improve this answeranswered Oct 28 '13 at 13:28Stuggi110 7add a commentup vote0down vote Basically SOAP is the web services standard that contains descriptions of the message which in the form of XML. That message structure will passed at time of web service called by service requester. In SOA architecture one of the most important characteristic is interoperability, in SOA SOAP play massive role that passed via HTTP/HTTPS and therefore can cross the firewalls, other architecture like DCOM, CORBA and RPC does not cross the firewall.share improve this answeranswered Jul 12 '16 at 6:04yogesh wanjari1add a commentup vote0down vote SOAP doesn't have to be sent over HTTP. Developers most frequently use HTTP and POST the soap as if it were a normal HTTP POST because we are most probably more familiar with HTTP than other protocols like SMTP, add this to the fact that we already implement REST over HTTP. For example here is how we send SOAP over SMTP email protocol. Sending SOAP over SMTPIt's just a common practice to use HTTPshare improve this answeranswered Jul 21 '17 at 5:46Sudip Bhandari489 9 15add a commentup vote-1down vote All the browsers supports HTTP for compatibility and its the most widely used Internet Protocol.

share improve this answeranswered Jan 6 '13 at 12:03SULAVA SINGHA MAHAPATRA11add a comment Your Answer Sign up or log in Sign up using Google Sign up using Facebook Sign up using Email and Password Post as a guest Name Email By posting your answer, you agree to the privacy policy and terms of service. Not the answer you're looking for? Browse other questions tagged xml soap network-programmingprotocols webservice-client or ask your own question.asked7 years, 3 months agoviewed26,145 timesactive8 months ago Linked-1 SOAP can be sent can't sent over SMTP, FTP why? Related1 Deserialization error in a new environment3 Using HTTP POST (www-form-encoded) against ASP. NET ASMX with Soap Authentication1 Read SOAP XML by ASMX web servcie function1 C#+Magento API V2: The content type text/xml; charset=utf-8,text/xml; charset=UTF-8 of the response message does not match1 SOAP response/Request then how to convert it in to PHP4 SOAP server 1.1 sending response using content type defined for 1.2?1 Invalid soapenv: Envelope when using spring Web Service Template0 Nu SOAP Service Response on Localhost1 Does SOAP 1.2 support SOAP 1.1 version as well?1 Can we rename soap response with multiple namespace on spring-boot application? Hot Network Questions Is your future tax bracket the ONLY consideration for Roth vs Traditional 401 (k) accounts? Can thoughts be unethical? How many arguments were passed? Can a writer joke with the reader without breaking the fourth wall? Why is this shared-neutral wiring bad? Why was UNIX never backported to the PDP-7? How do I keep presenting progressively more challenging encounters to my PCs without making them think that the world is gaining Levels as they are? When senators thank the chairman, what are they thanking him for? Hmm another Riley Riddle Why would a god tolerate an impostor in his church? How does the title 'The Imitation Game' justify the story of the movie? How can I avoid the awkwardness of a returning player who wears a low-cut shirt?“GOD is real, unless declared integer.”Concat multiple md files in a tex file using Xe Latex Why do we need so many classes in design patterns Acknowledging a MO user Is the word 'Hitherto' outdated? How can you run a program that is bigger than RAM? Git clone only works with ssh://git@.. and not with git@What can I do to get models to take my small camera more seriously? How to go out for a walk in microgravity? Was the Twin Pines Mall scene at 1:15am for in-universe or out-of-universe reasons? Why doesn’t the IRS just send me a bill for the taxes I owe based on the info they already have? Why will the BFS reenter broadside rather than engine first?question feed "


what is the minimum area needed for a full bathroom

. Small Full Bathroom Dimensions: 40 square feet (5’ x 8’)Fixtures: Sink, toilet and tub shower combo or luxury shower A full bathroom usually requires a minimum of 36 to 40 square feet. A 5’ x 8’ is the most common dimensions of a guest bathroom or a master bathroom in a small house. If you happen to have this standard-sized small bathroom, there are two different layouts you can consider.

7 Awesome Layouts That Will Make Your Small Bathroom More Usable

Get up to 4 Free Quotes!Zip Code Project Get Started!Taking a bath should be one of the easiest ways to relax after a long day.

You can either unwind in your hot tub or let a rainfall shower wash away your stress. Yet, not everyone is fortunate enough to have a lavish bathroom that can fit luxury fixtures. Chances are, you live with a small bathroom, where you always bump into the door or vanity when you undress or step into the shower.

What’s worse, your bathroom can’t accommodate more than one adult. Hence, you’ll agree that having a bath is indeed a daily struggle, causing more stress. Don’t fret just yet. Before you throw a bunch of money in bathroom expansion, try to re-examine the layout of your existing bathroom. A well-planned layout will help solve the above issues, but beware, you’ll have to make a few compromises, such as tearing out your tub. Below, I picked several ideal layouts that can work with five of the most common small bathrooms. By simply rearranging the layout, you can make a BIG difference and keep the same footprint. Looking to upgrade your bathroom? Contact a bathroom pro today and receive up to four free quotes

Based on your bathing habits, you can either go with a modest tub-shower combo or opt for a fancy shower with multiple shower heads. No matter what you choose, you should be able to towel off comfortably without hitting your door or toilet. According to House Plans Helper, the position of the door doesn’t really matter. Nonetheless, for aesthetic reasons, you may want to hide your toilet from the entrance view. Small Third-Quarter Bathroom Dimensions: 36 square feet (6’ x 6’)Fixtures: Sink, toilet and standard shower Get up to 4 Free Quotes!Zip Code Project Get Started!Another common size you can find in small bathrooms is 6’ x 6’. Although this square floor plan meets the minimum requirement of a full bathroom, I'd recommend using it as a third-quarter bathroom. Here are a few reasons. A bathtub will take up too much space in your tiny bathroom, not to mention its bulky look will make your bathroom feel even more cramped. On the contrary, a third-quarter bathroom only comes with a sink, toilet and shower, helping declutter your tiny space. To open your small square bathroom and create a smooth traffic flow, you can position your shower or vanity in the corner. Small Bathroom With A Separate Tub & Shower Dimensions: 45 square feet (5’ x 9’)Fixtures: Sink, toilet, tub and shower Having a separate tub and shower in a small bathroom sounds like an impossible dream. However, like I mentioned before, with a well-planed layout, nothing is impossible. Of course, to fit both fixtures into your bathroom and leave enough space to get in/out of your tub and shower, the ideal size of your bathroom should be no less than 45 square feet. As you can see from this 5’ x 9’ bathroom plan, there is little room left for dressing and undressing, even if you already use a space-saving corner shower. Therefore, if you really want to give your shower and tub their own space in your small bathroom, here's my advice. Swap out your swing door with a sliding door, so you can save more space. Narrow, Small Bathroom Dimensions: 27 square feet (3’ x 9’) or 32 square feet (4’ x 8’)Fixtures: Sink, toilet and shower Most homeowners have a difficult time arranging essential fixtures in a small, narrow bathroom. It seems most standard-sized fixtures, such as the toilet or sink, will stick out too much and interrupt traffic flow. Despite the dimensions of your long and thin bathroom, here are some universal tips to follow: Outward Swinging Door: No matter where you put your door, it should be swinging out of your bathroom. An outward swinging door will help you not only get in and out easier, but also make the most of your narrow bathroom. Sink & Toilet Side by Side: Place your sink and toilet on the same long wall to free up space for storage and foot traffic along the other wall. Wall Niches for Sink & Toilet Cistern: Are your standard-sized sink and toilet getting in the way? Consider creating wall niches to hold your sink and toilet cistern so they don’t stick out too much. Shower Against the Short Wall: To open up your narrow bathroom, remember to place your shower against the short wall. This will also help you arrange the rest of your fixtures. Tiny Half Bathroom Dimensions: 20 to 30 square feet Fixtures: Toilet and sink/shower A bathroom layout between 20 and 30 square feet is most likely the smallest bathroom layout you will find. More often than not, homeowners will use it as a half bathroom that only contains a toilet and sink. But, think of it this way. Wouldn’t it be great if you could turn your half bath into a full bath without carving out space from your existing floor plan? Plus, it doesn’t need much plumbing work. By simply using a sink faucet converter, your sink can do double-duty as a shower (no extra space needed). The only laborious work involved here is making sure you get a drain installed on your floor. Conclusion With a simple layout change, you can make your small bathroom feel more comfortable. Additionally, don’t forget to check out these fabulous small bathroom designs collected by my coworker, Jacob Hurwith. You’ll learn some secret design tips on making the most of your small bathroom without spending too much. Need a bathroom professional to get these jobs done? Get up to four free estimates from local contractors before you sign that contract.


what system does straight talk use?

Straight Talk is a type of carrier known as an MVNO (mobile virtual network operator), which means that it doesn't run or own a wireless network. Instead, it purchases the right to use towers from AT&T, T-Mobile, Verizon, and Sprint.

Prepaid carrier Straight Talk now offers LTE service to those with compatible AT&T devices

"Straight Talk Wireless Logo LTE is starting to become a reality for prepaid customers on inexpensive plans. Straight Talk, a carrier formed from a partnership between Walmart and Tracfone, is now allowing users who bring smartphones capable with AT&T's LTE network to use the 4G data service. You'll need to buy a new SIM card for $6.99 to get the service, but once you do, you'll get ""unlimited"" data, talk, and text for $45 per month (or international calling on top for $15 more per month). And unlike some other services, you'll be able to use a device purchased directly from AT&T that's still locked to the network on Straight Talk. Of course, most phones purchased from AT&T come with a two-year contract — you'll need to complete the contract or pay an early termination fee to switch.

There are two primary reasons why one would choose prepaid cellular service: low price, and no long-term contracts. Traditionally, the drawback to such affordable service is that you can't use LTE service, you're stuck with older devices, and coverage can be spotty. Now that LTE has matured a bit and has proliferated across much of the country, it appears major carriers are willing to let MVNOs use the high-speed networks. Today's move by Straight Talk comes after AT&T opened up its LTE network to its own Aio Wireless prepaid brand, which the company is working to expand nationwide after purchasing another competitor in the space, Cricket Wireless. If you're considering making the switch, keep in mind that coverage can be rough at times, and ""unlimited"" isn't really unlimited as the carrier will throttle heavy users. Via: Android Central Source: Straight Talk More From The Verge Apple’s new, cheaper i Pad is very, very familiar China’s spiraling space station will plunge to Earth in about a week How Silicon Valley’s feature creep is ruining sex toys How to stop Facebook from looking for you with face recognition Toxic management cost an award-winning game studio its best developers A day in real-life Westworld from a host’s perspective Now Trending Apple will reportedly announce a red i Phone 8 tomorrow This Game Boy-style i Phone case has one redeeming feature Command Line Command Line delivers daily updates from the near-future. Subscribe By signing up, you agree to our Privacy Policy and European users agree to the data transfer policy. "


what is the training wage

ge. Training minimum wage The training minimum wage:applies to employees aged 20 years or over whose employment agreement states that they have to do at least 60 credits a year of an industry training programme to become qualified in the area they are working in.

Adult minimum wage

Adult minimum wage The adult minimum wage applies to all employees aged 16 years and over who are:not starting-out workers or trainees, orinvolved in supervising or training other workers. What this means will depend on each individual situation. For example, it would usually include an employee overseeing the performance of another employee, or instructing another employee in the performance of their job; the employee doesn’t have to have direct line management responsibility for other employees. The supervising or training needs to be a part of that person’s job, not just a one-off event. Starting-out minimum wage The starting-out minimum wage applies to workers who are:16- and 17-year-old employees who haven’t done six months of continuous employment service with their current employer. After six months with one employer they are not starting-out workers and must be paid the adult minimum wage18 and 19 year old employees who have been paid one or more social security benefits for six months or more, and who haven’t completed six months’ continuous employment with an employer since they started being paid a benefit. Specified security benefits include:domestic purposes benefitemergency benefitindependent youth benefitinvalid’s benefitjobseeker supportsickness benefitsole parent supportsupported living paymentunemployment benefitwidow’s benefityoung parent payment and youth payment.16- to 19-year-old employees whose employment agreement states they have to undertake industry training for at least 40 credits a year in order to become qualified in the area they are working in. If an employee is supervising or training other workers, then the starting-out minimum wage doesn’t apply and they must be paid at least the adult minimum wage. Calculating six months of continuous service Six months of continuous employment with an employer is calculated for the next six calendar months from the employee’s first day of work; the number of hours per week the employee works is not relevant. Calculating whether or not an employee has completed six months of continuous service must include any time:the employee was employed by their employer before they turned 16on leave (paid or not). If the employee moves to a new employer, they’ll be a starting-out worker again for the first six months; this applies with each new employer until they reach the maximum a

Many of these employees will be apprentices. An apprentice has the same minimum rights and protections under employment law as any other employee but may be paid the training wagedoesn’t apply to employees who are being trained at work, for example, by their employer at the start of their employment; it only applies to employees doing an approved industry training programmedoesn’t apply to an employee who is supervising or training other workers. These employees must be paid at least the adult minimum wage.


what's the temperature in sitka?

The average surface water temperature in Sitka is gradually increasing during July, rising by 3°F, from 52°F to 55°F, over the course of the month. Average Water Temperature in July

Average Weather in July in Sitka Alaska, United States Daily high temperatures increase by 2°F, from 60°F to 62°F, rarely falling below 55°F or exceeding 68°F. Daily low temperatures increase by 3°F, from 51°F to 54°F, rarely falling below 48°F or exceeding 57°F. For reference, on August 11, the hottest day of the year, temperatures in Sitka typically range from 54°F to 62°F, while on February 23, the coldest day of the year, they range from 33°F to 41°F. Average High and Low Temperature in July The daily average high (red line) and low (blue line) temperature, with 25th to 75th and 10th to 90th percentile bands. The thin dotted lines are the corresponding average perceived temperatures. The figure below shows you a compact characterization of the hourly average temperatures for the quarter of the year centered on July. The horizontal axis is the day, the vertical axis is the hour of the day, and the color is the average temperature for that hour and day. Average Hourly Temperature in July The average hourly temperature, color coded into bands: frigid < 15°F < freezing < 32°F < very cold < 45°F < cold < 55°F < cool < 65°F < comfortable < 75°F < warm < 85°F < hot < 95°F < sweltering. The shaded overlays indicate night and civil twilight.Ålesund, Norway (3,929 miles away) is the far-away foreign place with temperatures most similar to Sitka ( view comparison ). Clouds The month of July in Sitka experiences gradually decreasing cloud cover, with the percentage of time that the sky is overcast or mostly cloudy decreasing from 66% to 62%. The highest chance of overcast or mostly cloudy conditions is 67% on July 12. The clearest day of the month is July 31, with clear, mostly clear, or partly cloudy conditions 38% of the time. For reference, on January 25, the cloudiest day of the year, the chance of overcast or mostly cloudy conditions is 79%, while on August 12, the clearest day of the year, the chance of clear, mostly clear, or partly cloudy skies is 38%. Cloud Cover Categories in July The percentage of time spent in each cloud cover band, categorized by the percentage of the sky covered by clouds: clear < 20% < mostly clear < 40% < partly cloudy < 60% < mostly cloudy < 80% < overcast. Precipitation A wet day is one with at least 0.04 inches of liquid or liquid-equivalent precipitation. In Sitka, the chance of a wet day over the course of July is gradually increasing, starting the month at 38% and ending it at 42%. For reference, the year's highest daily chance of a wet day is 71% on October 31, and its lowest chance is 36% on June 21. Probability of Precipitation in July The percentage of days in which various types of precipitation are observed, excluding trace quantities: rain alone, snow alone, and mixed (both rain and snow fell in the same day). Rainfall To show variation within the month and not just the monthly total, we show the rainfall accumulated over a sliding 31-day period centered around each day. The average sliding 31-day rainfall during July in Sitka is rapidly increasing, starting the month at 3.6 inches, when it rarely exceeds 6.0 inches or falls below 1.9 inches, and ending the month at 4.8 inches, when it rarely exceeds 7.6 inches or falls below 1.8 inches. Average Monthly Rainfall in July The average rainfall (solid line) accumulated over the course of a sliding 31-day period centered on the day in question, with 25th to 75th and 10th to 90th percentile bands. The thin dotted line is the corresponding average liquid-equivalent snowfall. Sun Over the course of July in Sitka, the length of the day is rapidly decreasing. From the start to the end of the month, the length of the day decreases by 1 hour, 29 minutes, implying an average daily decrease of 2 minutes, 59 seconds, and weekly decrease of 20 minutes, 50 seconds. The shortest day of the month is July 31, with 16 hours, 17 minutes of daylight and the longest day is July 1, with 17 hours, 47 minutes of daylight. Hours of Daylight and Twilight in July The number of hours during which the Sun is visible (black line). From bottom (most yellow) to top (most gray), the color bands indicate: full daylight, twilight (civil, nautical, and astronomical), and full night. The earliest sunrise of the month in Sitka is 4:11 AM on July 1 and the latest sunrise is 47 minutes later at 4:58 AM on July 31. The latest sunset is 9:58 PM on July 1 and the earliest sunset is 43 minutes earlier at 9:15 PM on July 31. Daylight saving time is observed in Sitka during 2018, but it neither starts nor ends during July, so the entire month is in daylight saving time. For reference, on June 21, the longest day of the year, the Sun rises at 4:06 AM and sets 17 hours, 54 minutes later, at 10:00 PM, while on December 21, the shortest day of the year, it rises at 8:38 AM and sets 6 hours, 42 minutes later, at 3:20 PM. Sunrise & Sunset with Twilight in July The solar day over the course of July. From bottom to top, the black lines are the previous solar midnight, sunrise, solar noon, sunset, and the next solar midnight. The day, twilights (civil, nautical, and astronomical), and night are indicated by the color bands from yellow to gray. Humidity We base the humidity comfort level on the dew point, as it determines whether perspiration will evaporate from the skin, thereby cooling the body. Lower dew points feel drier and higher dew points feel more humid. Unlike temperature, which typically varies significantly between night and day, dew point tends to change more slowly, so while the temperature may drop at night, a muggy day is typically followed by a muggy night. The chance that a given day will be muggy in Sitka is essentially constant during July, remaining around 0% throughout. For reference, on August 29, the muggiest day of the year, there are muggy conditions 0% of the time, while on January 1, the least muggy day of the year, there are muggy conditions 0% of the time. Humidity Comfort Levels in July The percentage of time spent at various humidity comfort levels, categorized by dew point: dry < 55°F < comfortable < 60°F < humid < 65°F < muggy < 70°F < oppressive < 75°F < miserable. Wind This section discusses the wide-area hourly average wind vector (speed and direction) at 10 meters above the ground. The wind experienced at any given location is highly dependent on local topography and other factors, and instantaneous wind speed and direction vary more widely than hourly averages. The average hourly wind speed in Sitka is essentially constant during July, remaining within 0.1 miles per hour of 7.9 miles per hour throughout. For reference, on December 6, the windiest day of the year, the daily average wind speed is 13.9 miles per hour, while on July 18, the calmest day of the year, the daily average wind speed is 7.8 miles per hour. The lowest daily average wind speed during July is 7.8 miles per hour on July 18. Average Wind Speed in July The average of mean hourly wind speeds (dark gray line), with 25th to 75th and 10th to 90th percentile bands. The hourly average wind direction in Sitka throughout July is predominantly from the west, with a peak proportion of 42% on July 15. Wind Direction in July The percentage of hours in which the mean wind direction is from each of the four cardinal wind directions (north, east, south, and west), excluding hours in which the mean wind speed is less than 1 mph. The lightly tinted areas at the boundaries are the percentage of hours spent in the implied intermediate directions (northeast, southeast, southwest, and northwest). Water Temperature Sitka is located near a large body of water (e.g., ocean, sea, or large lake). This section reports on the wide-area average surface temperature of that water.

The daily average water temperature (purple line), with 25th to 75th and 10th to 90th percentile bands. Growing Season Definitions of the growing season vary throughout the world, but for the purposes of this report, we define it as the longest continuous period of non-freezing temperatures (≥ 32°F) in the year (the calendar year in the Northern Hemisphere, or from July 1 until June 30 in the Southern Hemisphere). The growing season in Sitka typically lasts for 6.8 months ( 209 days ), from around April 9 to around November 4, rarely starting before March 21 or after April 28, and rarely ending before October 13 or after November 27. The month of July in Sitka is reliably fully within the growing season. Time Spent in Various Temperature Bands and the Growing Season in July The percentage of time spent in various temperature bands: frigid < 15°F < freezing < 32°F < very cold < 45°F < cold < 55°F < cool < 65°F < comfortable < 75°F < warm < 85°F < hot < 95°F < sweltering. The black line is the percentage chance that a given day is within the growing season. Growing degree days are a measure of yearly heat accumulation used to predict plant and animal development, and defined as the integral of warmth above a base temperature, discarding any excess above a maximum temperature. In this report, we use a base of 50°F and a cap of 86°F. The average accumulated growing degree days in Sitka are increasing during July, increasing by 184°F, from 153°F to 337°F, over the course of the month. Growing Degree Days in July The average growing degree days accumulated over the course of July, with 25th to 75th and 10th to 90th percentile bands. Solar Energy This section discusses the total daily incident shortwave solar energy reaching the surface of the ground over a wide area, taking full account of seasonal variations in the length of the day, the elevation of the Sun above the horizon, and absorption by clouds and other atmospheric constituents. Shortwave radiation includes visible light and ultraviolet radiation. The average daily incident shortwave solar energy in Sitka is gradually decreasing during July, falling by 0.5 k Wh, from 5.1 k Wh to 4.6 k Wh, over the course of the month. Average Daily Incident Shortwave Solar Energy in July The average daily shortwave solar energy reaching the ground per square meter (orange line), with 25th to 75th and 10th to 90th percentile bands. Topography For the purposes of this report, the geographical coordinates of Sitka are 57.053 deg latitude, -135.331 deg longitude, and 7 ft elevation. The topography within 2 miles of Sitka contains large variations in elevation, with a maximum elevation change of 2,411 feet and an average elevation above sea level of 274 feet. Within 10 miles contains large variations in elevation ( 4,806 feet ). Within 50 miles also contains extreme variations in elevation ( 58,976 feet ). The area within 2 miles of Sitka is covered by trees ( 49% ), water ( 37% ), and sparse vegetation ( 12% ), within 10 miles by water ( 45%) and trees ( 39% ), and within 50 miles by water ( 61%) and trees ( 27% ). Data Sources This report illustrates the typical weather in Sitka year round, based on a statistical analysis of historical hourly weather reports and model reconstructions from January 1, 1980 to December 31, 2016. Temperature and Dew Point There are 3 weather stations near enough to contribute to our estimation of the temperature and dew point in Sitka. For each station, the records are corrected for the elevation difference between that station and Sitka according to the International Standard Atmosphere, and by the relative change present in the MERRA-2 satellite-era reanalysis between the two locations. The estimated value at Sitka is computed as the weighted average of the individual contributions from each station, with weights proportional to the inverse of the distance between Sitka and a given station. The stations contributing to this reconstruction are: Sitka Rocky Gutierrez Airport (99%, 2.1 kilometers, west); Angoon Seaplane Base (0.7%, 67 kilometers, northeast); and Kake Airport (0.5%, 87 kilometers, east). Other Data All data relating to the Sun's position (e.g., sunrise and sunset) are computed using astronomical formulas from the book, Astronomical Tables of the Sun, Moon and Planets, by Jean Meeus. All other weather data, including cloud cover, precipitation, wind speed and direction, and solar flux, come from NASA's MERRA-2 Modern-Era Retrospective Analysis. This reanalysis combines a variety of wide-area measurements in a state-of-the-art global meteorological model to reconstruct the hourly history of weather throughout the world on a 50-kilometer grid. Land Use data comes from the Global Land Cover SHARE database, published by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. Elevation data comes from the Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM), published by NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory. Names, locations, and time zones of places and some airports come from the Geo Names Geographical Database. Time zones for aiports and weather stations are provided by Ask Geo.com. Maps are © Esri, with data from National Geographic, Esri, De Lorme, NAVTEQ, UNEP-WCMC, USGS, NASA, ESA, METI, NRCAN, GEBCO, NOAA, and i PC. Disclaimer The information on this site is provided as is, without any assurances as to its accuracy or suitability for any purpose. Weather data is prone to errors, outages, and other defects. We assume no responsibility for any decisions made on the basis of the content presented on this site. We draw particular cautious attention to our reliance on the MERRA-2 model-based reconstructions for a number of important data series. While having the tremendous advantages of temporal and spatial completeness, these reconstructions: (1) are based on computer models that may have model-based errors, (2) are coarsely sampled on a 50 km grid and are therefore unable to reconstruct the local variations of many microclimates, and (3) have particular difficulty with the weather in some coastal areas, especially small islands. We further caution that our travel scores are only as good as the data that underpin them, that weather conditions at any given location and time are unpredictable and variable, and that the definition of the scores reflects a particular set of preferences that may not agree with those of any particular reader.


what do you learn in nursing school

In nursing school, you'll learn about the history of nursing, a plethora of disease processes across the lifespan, pharmacology, nursing skills and how to do nursing procedures, and how to talk to patients in a therapeutic manner.

What do you learn in nursing school?

Chelsea Meissner, RN, BSNAnswered Aug 24, 2015 · Author has 5.2k answers and 7.4m answer views You learn about what you need to know in order to be a nurse. In a Bachelor's program, you'll get the foundations of anatomy & physiology, biology, chemistry, mathematics, English, and any other liberal arts requirements.

The way that I view it is that as a nurse, you'll need to know enough to be able to not only do your own job, but catch errors from other healthcare providers -- including doctors, OT/PT, and pharmacists -- so that you can have the knowledge to catch errors before something bad happens and you can protect the patients. The nurse is the last line of defense for the patient, especially since the nurse tends to spend the most time with the patient in a hospital setting.259 Views · View Upvoters


is panama city beach on eastern time

A: Quick Answer Panama City, Fla. is located in the Eastern Standard Time zone. In the United States, the Eastern Standard Time zone is the Greenwich Mean Time, or Universal Time, minus five hours. Continue Reading

Science Time & Calendars Time Zones Q: In what time zone is Panama City, Fla. located?

Keep Learning What is the closest airport to Panama City, Fla.? What is the time zone in New York? Where can you find time zone chart for Alaska? Full Answer There are four time zones in the continental United States. From east to west, they are Eastern, Central, Mountain and Pacific. Each time zone is measured as a variant of the GMT, which is measured from the Greenwich Meridian at England's Greenwich Observatory. Astronomers declared this to be the prime meridian at a conference held in 1884. The entire state of Florida is part of the Eastern time zone, although some states straddle two time zones. Learn more about Time Zones Sources: science.howstuffworks.com travel.com.hk Related Questions Q: What is 4 p.m. Eastern time in GMT? A: The time 4 p.m. in the Eastern Standard Time zone is 9 p.m. in the Greenwich Mean Time zone. During daylight savings time, the GMT time is 8 p.m. when the ... Full Answer >Filed Under: Time Zones Q: What is the time difference between GMT and EST? A: The time difference between Greenwich Mean Time (GMT) and Eastern Standard Time (EST) is 5 hours, according to the WWP's Eastern Standard Time website. Dur... Full Answer >Filed Under: Time Zones Q: What is the difference between EST and EDT? A: The difference between Eastern Standard Time and Eastern Daylight Time is one hour, as Eastern Standard Standard Time is one hour earlier. Eastern Daylight... Full Answer >Filed Under: Time Zones Q: How many vendors are at the Red Barn Flea Market in Bradenton, Fla.? A: At any given time, there are more than 600 flea market booths and vendors at the Red Barn Flea Market in Bradenton, Fla. Other specialty booths and events ... Full Answer >Filed Under: Geography You May Also Like Q: What is 12 pm PST in other time zones? Q: What countries have the longest daylight hours? Q: How do you change GMT to EDT? Q: What is the time difference between the United States and Japan? Q: How do you find out the exact time in Greenwich Mean Time? Q: What are some time differences between major cities around the world?