population of little falls nj

Passaic County where Little Falls resides is 197.05 square miles. The resident population of this county is 489,049 and has a population rank of 115 out of all the places in the United States. Little Falls has a total of 10,855 people and of those residents there are 5,134 males and 5,721 females. The median age of the male population is 38.9 and the female population is 42.3. There are approximately 7,903 births each year and around 4,028 deaths.

"Little Falls, NJ City Data Little Falls, NJ is a city with great restaurants, attractions, history and people. There are around 10,855 people who live in Little Falls and approximately 489,049 who live in Passaic County. We want to help people moving to or living in Little Falls to understand the dynamics of the city, so we have put together information gathered from various creditable sources to give you a better understanding of Little Falls. We have included Little Falls housing information, demographics, social and education characteristics, and even economic information. General Little Falls Information

The race breakdown of the population in Little Falls varies per year, but currently 10,681 are one race and 174 are two or more races. Of the 10,855 people who live in Little Falls, there are 2,162 under 20 years old. The sex breakdown of the 20 years old and younger population in Little Falls is 1,102 male and 1,060 female. If you have children or you are under the age of 20, then you will be considered in that statistic. For those of you who are older, then you will be part of the population that is 18 years and older and totals 8,888. General Little Falls Information Total area in square miles - Passaic County 197.05Water area in square miles - Passaic County N/AResident population - Passaic County 489,049Population rank - Passaic County 115Total population 10,855Total population (male) 5,134Total population (female) 5,721Population median age (male) 38.9Population median age (female) 42.3Births - Passaic County 7,903Deaths- Passaic County 4,028Population of one race 10,681Population of two or more races 174Population under 20 years 2,162Population under 20 years (male) 1,102Population under 20 years (female) 1,060Total population 18 years and over 8,888Passaic County Population Other Passaic Cities Little Falls Population Little Falls Popluation & Gender Little Falls Population0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000 12000 Population Female Male Little Falls Social Characteristics There are 163,856 households in Little Falls. Families make up 120,455 of these households. The table below breaks down the Little Falls families into three different groups. Married-couple families (84,401), male householder with no wife present (8,757) and female householder with no husband present (25,438). The remainder of the Little Falls households are made up of nonfamily households, which total 44,167. Little Falls, NJ moving companies help people in Little Falls move locally and all around the world. For years, the US has been building stats on the relationship of males and females 15 years and older in cities around the country including Little Falls. This information helps individuals analyze the area they are living in or moving to. For the county where Little Falls is based, there are 199,443 females 15 and over; of those females there are 55,697 never married, 96,373 now married, 7,487 separated, 22,689 widowed, and 17,197 divorced. As for the males, there are N/A males 15 and older: N/A never married, N/A now married, 4,845 separated, 4,908 widowed and 11,205 never married. There is a lot of great information below regarding Little Falls social characteristics. Be sure to review the tables for more information on Little Falls. If you are moving to or from Little Falls and need a place to store your things be sure to check out the Moving Ideas.org Little Falls, NJ self storage quote page or storage guides. HOUSEHOLDS BY TYPE (Passaic County)Total households 163,856Family households (families) 120,455With own children under 18 years 65,328Married-couple family 84,401With own children under 18 years 42,302Male householder, no wife present, family 8,757With own children under 18 years 3,674Female householder, no husband present, family 25,438With own children under 18 years 13,509Nonfamily households 44,167Householder living alone 36,28365 years and over 15,516House Holds By Type - Passaic County Family Household Married Household Male Only Household Female Only Household0 20000 40000 60000 80000 100000 120000 140000 Households Total Households GENERAL HOUSEHOLDSHouseholds with one or more people under 18 years 1,139Households with one or more people 65 years and over 1,474Average household size 2.32Average family size 2.99RELATIONSHIP FAMILY HOUSEHOLDSPopulation in family households 8,709Householder 2,871Spouse 2,303Child 2,907Other relatives 158Nonrelatives 122Unmarried partner 50Roomer or boarder 24Housemate or roommate 17Unmarried partner 191Foster child 2Other 29Relationship Family Households Householder Spouse Child Other Relatives Nonrelatives 0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500 Households Population in Households RELATIONSHIP NONFAMILY HOUSEHOLDSPopulation in nonfamily households 2,145Male householder 728Male householder living alone 584Male householder not living alone 144Female householder 1,088Female householder living alone 968Female householder not living alone 120Nonrelatives 329Unmarried partner 141Roomer or boarder 31Housemate or roommate 129Foster child 1Other 27RELATIONSHIP BY SEXFemales 15 years and over 199,443Never married 55,697Now married 96,373Separated 7,487Widowed 22,689Divorced 17,197Males 15 years and over N/ANever married N/ANow married N/ASeparated 4,845Widowed 4,908Divorced 11,205TOTAL POPULATION BY SEX AND AGETotal Population 10,855Male 5,134Under 5 years 2805 to 9 years 28010 to 14 years 26515 to 17 years 16418 and 19 years 11320 years 4921 years 4922 to 24 years 14625 to 29 years 37230 to 34 years 46235 to 39 years 48840 to 44 years 43445 to 49 years 39250 to 54 years 34655 to 59 years 28660 and 61 years 10162 to 64 years 15565 and 66 years 7567 to 69 years 11070 to 74 years 22575 to 79 years 17980 to 84 years 10485 years and over 59Female 5,721Under 5 years 2765 to 9 years 27610 to 14 years 25115 to 17 years 17518 and 19 years 8220 years 4021 years 4622 to 24 years 19625 to 29 years 35530 to 34 years 49535 to 39 years 45740 to 44 years 45845 to 49 years 43750 to 54 years 38155 to 59 years 30260 and 61 years 13862 to 64 years 17065 and 66 years 10767 to 69 years 16570 to 74 years 29775 to 79 years 26680 to 84 years 19785 years and over 154TOTAL POPULATION BY RACETotal population 10,855One race 10,681White 10,001Black or African American 71American Indian and Alaska Native 7Asian 456Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander 2Some other race 10Two or more races 174RACE POPULATION IN HOUSEHOLDSTotal population in households 10,854People who are White alone 10,000People who are Black or African American alone 71People who are American Indian and Alaska Native alone 7People who are Asian alone 456People who are Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander alone 2People who are Hispanic or Latino 579People who are Some other race alone 144Passaic County Population White Black or African American Asian Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander American Indian and Alaskan Hispanic or Latino Other RESIDENCE IN 1995Population 5 years and over 452,743Same house 268,889Different house - same county N/ADifferent county - same state 33,025Different state or abroad 39,583Different state 16,522Abroad 23,061PLACE OF BIRTH (Passaic County)Total resident population 489,049Born in United States 265,649State of residence 264,008Different state 73,904Born in Puerto Rico, U. S. Island areas 20,846Foreign born 130,291Little Falls Education and School Enrollment School enrollment refers to students currently attending school, both private and public. By understanding the school enrollment in an area, you can make decisions concerning your kids' environments and even job markets. In a table below, we provide you with the total school enrollment for children 3 years and older in the county surrounding Little Falls. That total enrollment is 129,731 for the population of the country, which includes Little Falls. Nursery school and kindergarten enrollment was 85,617 and elementary or high school enrollment was 172,453 children. College or graduate school enrollment was 25,784. Education attainment is defined as ""the highest level of education completed in terms of highest degree or the highest level or schooling completed."" The table below shows the Little Falls population over 25 years old and their level of education achievement. SCHOOL ENROLLMENTPopulation 3 years and over enrolled in school 129,731Pre-kindergarten 9,774Public 4,290Private 5,484Kindergarten 7,945Public 6,093Private N/AElementary school grades 1 to 8 58,565Public 49,064Private 9,501Elementary and high school 86,227Public 73,116Private 13,111High school grades 9 to 12 27,662Public 24,052Private 3,610College, undergraduate years 21,604Public 15,344Private 6,260Graduate or professional school 4,181Public 2,242Private 1,939Not enrolled in school 337,554School Enrollment - Passaic County Before Kindergarten Kindergarten Grades1 to 8Grades9 to 12College Graduate School0 10000 20000 30000 40000 50000 60000 70000 School Enrollment Population Enrolled Public vs. Private School Enrollment - Passaic County Public School Private School EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENTPopulation 25 years and over 316,401Less than 9th grade 37,3479th to 12th grade, no diploma 47,063High school graduate 98,830Some college, no degree 52,856Associate's degree 13,228Bachelor's degree 67,077Graduate or professional degree 21.2Percent high school graduate or higher 73.3Percent bachelor's degree or higher 44,793Little Falls Employment and Labor Characteristics There are 374,502 people that are employed over the age of 16 in Little Falls. The Little Falls occupations categories include management, professional and related occupations (64,759), service occupations (31,327), sales and office occupations (61,729), farming, fishing and forestry occupations (238), constructions, extraction, maintenance and repair occupations (17,862) and production, transportation and material moving occupations (39,593). The 374,502 employed over the age of 16 are broken down into the class of worker. There are 179,592 private wage and salary workers, 26,141 government workers, 9,289 self-employed workers and approximately N/A unpaid family workers. EMPLOYMENT STATUS (Passaic County)Population 16 years and over 374,502In labor force 232,485Civilian labor force 232,408Employed 215,508Unemployed 16,900Percent Unemployed 7.3Armed Forces 77Females 16 years and over 196,231In labor force 108,563Civilian labor force 108,563Unemployed Civilian labor force 8,122Armed forces Males 16 years and over 178,271In labor force 123,922Civilian labor force N/AUnemployed Civilian labor force 8,778Armed forces 77COMMUTING TO WORK (Passaic County)Workers 16 years and over 210,378Car, truck, or van -- drove alone 149,839Car, truck, or van -- carpooled 28,352Public transportation (excluding taxicab) N/AWalked 8,134Other means 2,073Worked at home 4,493Mean travel time to work (minutes) 5,425,775OCCUPATION (Passaic County)Civilian employed population 16 years and over 64,759Management, professional, and related occupations 64,759Service occupations 31,327Sales and office occupations 61,729Farming, fishing, and forestry occupations 238Construction, extraction, maintenance and repair occupations 17,862Production, transportation, and material moving occupations 39,593INDUSTRY (Passaic County)Civilian employed population 16 years and over 64,759Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting, and mining 350Construction N/AManufacturing 38,426Wholesale trade 11,963Retail trade 26,346Transportation and warehousing, and utilities 11,738Information 7,538Finance and insurance, and real estate and rental and leasing 13,977Professional, scientific, and management, and administrative 22,427Educational services, and health care and social assistance 41,052Arts, entertainment, and recreation, and accommodation, and food services 12,341Other services, except public administration N/APublic administration 7,059CLASS OF WORKER (Passaic County)Civilian employed population 16 years and over 64,759Private wage and salary workers 179,592Government workers 26,141Self-employed workers in own not incorporated business 9,289Unpaid family workers N/AClass Of Worker - Passaic County Private Wage& Salary Government Self Employed Unpaid Family0 25000 50000 75000 100000 125000 150000 175000 200000 Class of Worker Number of Workers Little Falls Housing Characteristics In Little Falls, NJ there are 170,048 housing units; of those housing units, there are approximately 163,856 occupied and 6,192 vacant. Types of homes change over the years, but single family homes detached have remained fairly consistent. In Little Falls, there are 73,746 1-unit detached housing units. Single-family attached homes, 1-unit attached, which are also known as row houses or town homes, total 7,467 units in Little Falls. Apartment housing and apartment buildings are from 2-50 units and the statistics are below. With so many housing units people are always in need of Little Falls, NJ local movers to help them move from one place to another so be sure to check out Moving Ideas.org for moving guides, Little Falls, NJ truck rentals options, quotes and additional information. There are several different ranges if you are looking to rent or are a renter in Little Falls. There are 2,852 housing units with rent less than $200, 2,089 with rent between $200-299, 6,764 with rent between $300-499 and 58,757 with rent for $500 and above. Full Little Falls gross rent statistics are shown in the table below. Regardless of the housing unit value, it is always suggested by Moving Ideas.org to have Little Falls, NJ home security systems installed to keep you and your family safe. HOUSING OCCUPANCY (Passaic County)Total housing units 170,048Occupied housing units 163,856Vacant housing units 6,192UNITS IN STRUCTURE (Passaic County)Total housing units 170,0481-unit, detached 73,7461-unit, attached 7,4672 units 38,1453 or 4 units 16,8215 to 9 units 10,70610 to 19 units 7,25320 to 49 units 5,34750 or more units 10,240Mobile home 310HOUSING TENURE (Passaic County)Occupied housing units 163,856Owner-occupied 91,169Renter-occupied 72,687VEHICLES AVAILABLE (Passaic County)Occupied housing units 163,856No vehicles available 26,5182 vehicle available 80,2333 vehicles available 16,6894 vehicles available 5,1625 or more vehicles available 1,959HOUSE HEATING FUEL (Passaic County)Occupied housing units 163,856Utility gas 118,317Bottled, tank, or LP gas N/AElectricity 12,362Fuel oil, kerosene, etc. 26,033Coal or coke 31Wood 168Solar energy 43Other fuel 626No fuel used 678HOUSING UNIT VALUE (Passaic County)Occupied housing units 163,856Less Than $50,000 91,169$50,000 to $99,999 2,120$100,000 to $149,999 12,778$150,000 to $199,999 23,326$200,000 to $299,999 20,057$300,000 to $499,999 7,086$1,000,000 or more 102Median (dollars) 190,600Housing Unit Value - Passaic County Less Than$50k$50k-$99k $100k-$149k $150k-$199k $200k-$299k $300k-$499k $1M+ 0 20000 40000 60000 80000 100000 Housing Units Housing Units GROSS RENT (Passaic County)Occupied units paying rent 72,687Less than $200 2,852$200 to $299 2,089$300 to $499 6,764$500 to $699 17,928$700 to $999 30,388$1,000 to $1,499 9,410$1,500 or more 1,030Gross Rent - Passaic County Less Than $499/month in Rent More Than $500/month in Rent "


who is mark davis

ian Mark Davis (Unicode) (born 1952), President and co-founder of the Unicode Consortium Mark Steven Davis (born 1962), U. S. federal judge Mark E. Davis, professor of chemical engineering at the California Institute of Technology

Mark Davis

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedianavigation search Mark Davis may refer to: Contents [ hide ]1 Entertainers2 Sports3 Other4 See also Entertainers [ edit]Mark Davis (talk show host), radio talk show host Mark Jonathan Davis, actor/singer and creator of Richard Cheese Mark Davis, bassist and founding member for the band Emmure Mark Davis (actor) (born 1965), adult film actor Sports [ edit]Mark Davis (American football) (born 1954/1955), principal owner of the NFL's Oakland Raiders Mark Davis (pitcher) (born 1960), Major League Baseball player Mark Davis (outfielder) (born 1964), Major League Baseball player Mark Davis (basketball, born 1960), former player in the Australian National Basketball League Mark Davis (basketball, born 1973), former National Basketball Association player Mark Davis (basketball, born 1963), former National Basketball Association player Mark Davis (snooker player) (born 1972), snooker player Mark Davis (golfer) (born 1964), English golfer Mark Davis (English cricketer) (born 1962), English cricketer, played for Somerset and Wiltshire Mark Davis (South African cricketer) (born 1971), South African former cricketer, played for Northern Transvaal then in England for MCC and Sussex Mark Davis (fisherman) (born 1963), American bass fisher Mark Davis (boxer) (born 1987), American lightweight boxer Mark Davis (footballer) (born 1969), English footballer Other [ edit]Mark Davis (journalist), Australian journalist for Dateline Mark A. Davis (born 1966), North Carolina judge Mark H. A. Davis, English mathematic

Mark M. Davis, Professor of Immunology at Stanford University Mark S. Davis, American trial lawyer based in Honolulu See also [ edit]Marc Davis (disambiguation)Mark Davies (disambiguation)Mark Davis Pro Bass Challenge Mark Davis' The Fishing Master This disambiguation page lists articles about people with the same name. If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article. Categories: Human name disambiguation pages


what causes men to be infertile

The main cause of male infertility is low semen quality. In men who have the necessary reproductive organs to procreate, infertility can be caused by low sperm count due to endocrine problems, drugs, radiation, or infection. There may be testicular malformations, hormone imbalance, or blockage of the man's duct system.

Infertility

"From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedianavigation search This article is about medical condition. For the soil, see Soil fertility. Infertility Specialty Urology, gynecology Frequency 113 million (2015) [1]Infertility is the inability of a person, animal or plant to reproduce by natural means. It is usually not the natural state of a healthy adult, except notably among certain eusocial species (mostly haplodiploid insects). In humans, infertility is the inability to become pregnant or carry a pregnancy to full term. There are many causes of infertility, including some that medical intervention can treat. [2] Estimates from 1997 suggest that worldwide about five percent of all heterosexual couples have an unresolved problem with infertility. Many more couples, however, experience involuntary childlessness for at least one year: estimates range from 12% to 28%."" [3] 20-30% of infertility cases are due to male infertility, 20-35% are due to female infertility, and 25-40% are due to combined problems in both parts. [4] In 10-20% of cases, no cause is found. [4]

The most common cause of female infertility is ovulatory problems which generally manifest themselves by sparse or absent menstrual periods. [5] Male infertility is most commonly due to deficiencies in the semen, and semen quality is used as a surrogate measure of male fecundity.

[6]Women who are fertile experience a natural period of fertility before and during ovulation, and they are naturally infertile for the rest of the menstrual cycle. Fertility awareness methods are used to discern when these changes occur by tracking changes in cervical mucus or basal body temperature. Contents [ hide ]1 Definition1.1 World Health Organization1.2 United States1.3 United Kingdom1.4 Other definitions1.5 Primary vs. secondary infertility2 Effects2.1 Psychological2.2 Social3 Causes3.1 Immune infertility3.2 Sexually transmitted infections3.3 Genetic3.4 Other causes3.5 Females3.6 Males3.7 Combined infertility3.8 Unexplained infertility4 Diagnosis5 Treatment5.1 Medical treatments5.2 Tourism6 Epidemiology7 Society and culture7.1 Ethics7.2 Developing countries8 See also9 References10 Further reading11 External links Definition [ edit]""Demographers tend to define infertility as childlessness in a population of women of reproductive age,"" whereas ""the epidemiological definition refers to ""trying for"" or ""time to"" a pregnancy, generally in a population of women exposed to"" a probability of conception. [7] Currently, female fertility normally peaks at age 24 and diminishes after 30, with pregnancy occurring rarely after age 50. [8] A female is most fertile within 24 hours of ovulation. [8] Male fertility peaks usually at age 25 and declines after age 40. [8] The time needed to pass (during which the couple tries to conceive) for that couple to be diagnosed with infertility differs between different jurisdictions. Existing definitions of infertility lack uniformity, rendering comparisons in prevalence between countries or over time problematic. Therefore, data estimating the prevalence of infertility cited by various sources differs significantly. [7] A couple that tries unsuccessfully to have a child after a certain period of time (often a short period, but definitions vary) is sometimes said to be subfertile, meaning less fertile than a typical couple. Both infertility and subfertility are defined as the inability to conceive after a certain period of time (the length of which vary), so often the two terms overlap. World Health Organization [ edit]The World Health Organization defines infertility as follows: [

9]“ Infertility is “a disease of the reproductive system defined by the failure to achieve a clinical pregnancy after 12 months or more of regular unprotected sexual intercourse (and there is no other reason, such as breastfeeding or postpartum amenorrhoea ).

Primary infertility is infertility in a couple who have never had a child. Secondary infertility is failure to conceive following a previous pregnancy. Infertility may be caused by infection in the man or woman, but often there is no obvious underlying cause. ”United States [ edit]One definition of infertility that is frequently used in the United States by reproductive endocrinologists, doctors who specialize in infertility, to consider a couple eligible for treatment is:a woman under 35 has not conceived after 12 months of contraceptive-free intercourse. Twelve months is the lower reference limit for Time to Pregnancy (TTP) by the World Health Organization. [6]a woman over 35 has not conceived after 6 months of contraceptive-free sexual intercourse. These time intervals would seem to be reversed; this is an area where public policy trumps science. The idea is that for women beyond age 35, every month counts and if made to wait another 6 months to prove the necessity of medical intervention, the problem could become worse. The corollary to this is that, by definition, failure to conceive in women under 35 isn't regarded with the same urgency as it is in those over 35. United Kingdom [ edit]In the UK, previous NICE guidelines defined infertility as failure to conceive after regular unprotected sexual intercourse for 2 years in the absence of known reproductive pathology. [10] Updated NICE guidelines do not include a specific definition, but recommend that ""A woman of reproductive age who has not conceived after 1 year of unprotected vaginal sexual intercourse, in the absence of any known cause of infertility, should be offered further clinical assessment and investigation along with her partner, with earlier referral to a specialist if the woman is over 36 years of age. [11]Other definitions [ edit]Researchers commonly base demographic studies on infertility prevalence on a five-year period. [12] Practical measurement problems, however, exist for any definition, because it is difficult to measure continuous exposure to the risk of pregnancy over a period of years. Primary vs. secondary infertility [ edit]Primary infertility is defined as the absence of a live birth for women who desire a child and have been in a union for at least 12 months, during which they have not used any contraceptives. [13] The World Health Organisation also adds that 'women whose pregnancy spontaneously miscarries, or whose pregnancy results in a still born child, without ever having had a live birth would present with primarily infertility'. [14]Secondary infertility is defined as the absence of a live birth for women who desire a child and have been in a union for at least 12 months since their last live birth, during which they did not use any contraceptives. [14]Thus the distinguishing feature is whether or not the couple have ever had a pregnancy which led to a live birth. Effects [ edit]Psychological [ edit]The consequences of infertility are manifold and can include societal repercussions and personal suffering. Advances in assisted reproductive technologies, such as IVF, can offer hope to many couples where treatment is available, although barriers exist in terms of medical coverage and affordability. The medicalization of infertility has unwittingly led to a disregard for the emotional responses that couples experience, which include distress, loss of control, stigmatization, and a disruption in the developmental trajectory of adulthood. [15]Infertility may have psychological effects. Partners may become more anxious to conceive, increasing sexual dysfunction. [16] Marital discord often develops, especially when they are under pressure to make medical decisions. Women trying to conceive often have depression rates similar to women who have heart disease or cancer. [17] Emotional stress and marital difficulties are greater in couples where the infertility lies with the man. [18]Older people with adult children appear to live longer. [19] Why this is the case is unclear and may dependent in part on those who have children adopting a healthier lifestyle, support from children, or the circumstances that led to not having children. [19]Social [ edit]In many cultures, inability to conceive bears a stigma. In closed social groups, a degree of rejection (or a sense of being rejected by the couple) may cause considerable anxiety and disappointment. Some respond by actively avoiding the issue altogether; middle-class men are the most likely to respond in this way. [20]In the United States some treatments for infertility, including diagnostic tests, surgery and therapy for depression, can qualify one for Family and Medical Leave Act leave. It has been suggested that infertility be classified as a form of disability. [21]Causes [ edit]Immune infertility [ edit]Antisperm antibodies (ASA) have been considered as infertility cause in around 10–30% of infertile couples. [22] In both men and women, ASA production are directed against surface antigens on sperm, which can interfere with sperm motility and transport through the female reproductive tract, inhibiting capacitation and acrosome reaction, impaired fertilization, influence on the implantation process, and impaired growth and development of the embryo. Factors contributing to the formation of antisperm antibodies in women are disturbance of normal immunoregulatory mechanisms, infection, violation of the integrity of the mucous membranes, accidental rape and unprotected oral or anal sex. Risk factors for the formation of antisperm antibodies in men include the breakdown of the blood‑testis barrier, trauma and surgery, orchitis, varicocele, infections, prostatitis, testicular cancer, failure of immunosuppression and unprotected receptive anal or oral sex with men. [22] [23]Sexually transmitted infections [ edit]Infections with the following sexually transmitted pathogens have a negative effect on fertility: Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae. There is a consistent association of Mycoplasma genitalium infection and female reproductive tract syndromes. M. genitalium infection is associated with increased risk of infertility. [24] [25]Genetic [ edit]Main article: Genetics of infertility A Robertsonian translocation in either partner may cause recurrent spontaneous abortions or complete infertility. [ citation needed]Mutations to NR5A1 gene encoding Steroidogenic Factor-1 (SF-1) have been found in a small subset of men with non-obstructive male factor infertility where the cause is unknown. Results of one study investigating a cohort of 315 men revealed changes within the hinge region of SF-1 and no rare allelic variants in fertile control men. Affected individuals displayed more severe forms of infertility such as azoospermia and severe oligozoospermia. [26]Other causes [ edit]Factors that can cause male as well as female infertility are: DNA damage DNA damage reduces fertility in female ovocytes, as caused by smoking, [27] other xenobiotic DNA damaging agents (such as radiation or chemotherapy) [28] or accumulation of the oxidative DNA damage 8-hydroxy-deoxyguanosine [29]DNA damage reduces fertility in male sperm, as caused by oxidative DNA damage, [30] smoking, [27] other xenobiotic DNA damaging agents (such as drugs or chemotherapy) [31] or other DNA damaging agents including reactive oxygen species, fever or high testicular temperature [32]. The damaged DNA related to infertility manifests itself by the increased susceptibility to denaturation inducible by heat or acid [33] and/or by the presence of double-strand breaks that can be detected by the TUNEL assay. [34]General factors Diabetes mellitus, [35] [36] thyroid disorders, [37] undiagnosed and untreated coeliac disease, [38] [39] [40] [41] adrenal disease [42]Hypothalamic-pituitary factors Hyperprolactinemia Hypopituitarism The presence of anti-thyroid antibodies is associated with an increased risk of unexplained subfertility with an odds ratio of 1.5 and 95% confidence interval of 1.1–2.0. [43]Environmental factors Toxins such as glues, volatile organic solvents or silicones, physical agents, chemical dusts, and pesticides. [44] [45]Tobacco smokers are 60% more likely to be infertile than non-smokers. [46]German scientists have reported that a virus called Adeno-associated virus might have a role in male infertility, [47] though it is otherwise not harmful. [48] Other diseases such as chlamydia, and gonorrhea can also cause infertility, due to internal scarring ( fallopian tube obstruction ). [49] [50] [51]Females [ edit]Further information: Female infertility The following causes of infertility may only be found in females. For a woman to conceive, certain things have to happen: vaginal intercourse must take place around the time when an egg is released from her ovary; the system that produces eggs has to be working at optimum levels; and her hormones must be balanced. [52]For women, problems with fertilisation arise mainly from either structural problems in the Fallopian tube or uterus or problems releasing eggs. Infertility may be caused by blockage of the Fallopian tube due to malformations, infections such as chlamydia and/or scar tissue. For example, endometriosis can cause infertility with the growth of endometrial tissue in the Fallopian tubes and/or around the ovaries. Endometriosis is usually more common in women in their mid-twenties and older, especially when postponed childbirth has taken place. [53]Another major cause of infertility in women may be the inability to ovulate. Malformation of the eggs themselves may complicate conception. For example, polycystic ovarian syndrome is when the eggs only partially developed within the ovary and there is an excess of male hormones. Some women are infertile because their ovaries do not mature and release eggs. In this case synthetic FSH by injection or Clomid (Clomiphene citrate) via a pill can be given to stimulate follicles to mature in the ovaries. Other factors that can affect a woman's chances of conceiving include being overweight or underweight, [54] or her age as female fertility declines after the age of 30. [55]Sometimes it can be a combination of factors, and sometimes a clear cause is never established. Common causes of infertility of females include:ovulation problems (e.g. polycystic ovarian syndrome, PCOS, the leading reason why women present to fertility clinics due to anovulatory infertility. [56])tubal blockagepelvic inflammatory disease caused by infections like tuberculosisage-related factorsuterine problemsprevious tubal ligationendometriosisadvanced maternal ageimmune infertility Males [ edit]Further information: Male infertility

Although many of these can be treated through surgery or hormonal substitutions, some may be indefinite. [57] Infertility associated with viable, but immotile sperm may be caused by primary ciliary dyskinesia. The sperm must provide the zygote with DNA, centrioles, and activation factor for the embryo to develop. A defect in any of these sperm structures may result in infertility that will not be detected by semen analysis. [58] Antisperm antibodies cause immune infertility. [22] [23]Combined infertility [ edit]In some cases, both the man and woman may be infertile or sub-fertile, and the couple's infertility arises from the combination of these conditions. In other cases, the cause is suspected to be immunological or genetic; it may be that each partner is independently fertile but the couple cannot conceive together without assistance. Unexplained infertility [ edit]Main article: Unexplained infertility In the US, up to 20% of infertile couples have unexplained infertility. [59] In these cases abnormalities are likely to be present but not detected by current methods. Possible problems could be that the egg is not released at the optimum time for fertilization, that it may not enter the fallopian tube, sperm may not be able to reach the egg, fertilization may fail to occur, transport of the zygote may be disturbed, or implantation fails. It is increasingly recognized that egg quality is of critical importance and women of advanced maternal age have eggs of reduced capacity for normal and successful fertilization. Also, polymorphisms in folate pathway genes could be one reason for fertility complications in some women with unexplained infertility. [60] However, a growing body of evidence suggests that epigenetic modifications in sperm may be partially responsible. [61] [62]Diagnosis [ edit]Main article: Fertility testing If both partners are young and healthy and have been trying to conceive for one year without success, a visit to a physician or women's health nurse practitioner (WHNP) could help to highlight potential medical problems earlier rather than later. The doctor or WHNP may also be able to suggest lifestyle changes to increase the chances of conceiving. [63]Women over the age of 35 should see their physician or WHNP after six months as fertility tests can take some time to complete, and age may affect the treatment options that are open in that case. A doctor or WHNP takes a medical history and gives a physical examination. They can also carry out some basic tests on both partners to see if there is an identifiable reason for not having achieved a pregnancy. If necessary, they refer patients to a fertility clinic or local hospital for more specialized tests. The results of these tests help determine the best fertility treatment. Treatment [ edit]See also: Male infertility § Hormonal therapy Treatment depends on the cause of infertility, but may include counselling, fertility treatments, which include in vitro fertilization. According to ESHRE recommendations, couples with an estimated live birth rate of 40% or higher per year are encouraged to continue aiming for a spontaneous pregnancy. [64] Treatment methods for infertility may be grouped as medical or complementary and alternative treatments. Some methods may be used in concert with other methods. Drugs used for both women and men [65] include clomiphene citrate, human menopausal gonadotropin (h MG), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), human chorionic gonadotropin (h CG), gonadotropin-releasing hormone (Gn RH) analogues, aromatase inhibitors, and metformin. Medical treatments [ edit]Medical treatment of infertility generally involves the use of fertility medication, medical device, surgery, or a combination of the following. If the sperm are of good quality and the mechanics of the woman's reproductive structures are good (patent fallopian tubes, no adhesions or scarring), a course of ovarian stimulating medication maybe used. The physician or WHNP may also suggest using a conception cap cervical cap, which the patient uses at home by placing the sperm inside the cap and putting the conception device on the cervix, or intrauterine insemination (IUI), in which the doctor or WHNP introduces sperm into the uterus during ovulation, via a catheter. In these methods, fertilization occurs inside the body. If conservative medical treatments fail to achieve a full term pregnancy, the physician or WHNP may suggest the patient undergo in vitro fertilization (IVF). IVF and related techniques ( ICSI, ZIFT, GIFT) are called assisted reproductive technology (ART) techniques. ART techniques generally start with stimulating the ovaries to increase egg production. After stimulation, the physician surgically extracts one or more eggs from the ovary, and unites them with sperm in a laboratory setting, with the intent of producing one or more embryos. Fertilization takes place outside the body, and the fertilized egg is reinserted into the woman's reproductive tract, in a procedure called embryo transfer. Other medical techniques are e.g. tuboplasty, assisted hatching, and Preimplantation genetic diagnosis. In vitro fertilization [ edit]IVF is the most commonly used ART. It has been proven useful in overcoming infertility conditions, such as blocked or damaged tubes, endometriosis, repeated IUI failure, unexplained infertility, poor ovarian reserve, poor or even nil sperm count. Intracytoplasmic sperm injection [ edit]ICSI technique is used in case of poor semen quality, low sperm count or failed fertilization attempts during prior IVF cycles. This technique involves an injection of a single healthy sperm directly injected into mature egg. The fertilized embryo is then transferred to womb. Tourism [ edit]Main article: Fertility tourism Fertility tourism is the practice of traveling to another country for fertility treatments. [66] It may be regarded as a form of medical tourism. The main reasons for fertility tourism are legal regulation of the sought procedure in the home country, or lower price. In-vitro fertilization and donor insemination are major procedures involved. Epidemiology [ edit]Prevalence of infertility varies depending on the definition, i.e. on the time span involved in the failure to conceive. Infertility rates have increased by 4% since the 1980s, mostly from problems with fecundity due to an increase in age. [67]Fertility problems affect one in seven couples in the UK. Most couples (about 84%) who have regular sexual intercourse (that is, every two to three days) and who do not use contraception get pregnant within a year. About 92 out of 100 couples who are trying to get pregnant do so within two years. [68]Women become less fertile as they get older. For women aged 35, about 94% who have regular unprotected sexual intercourse get pregnant after three years of trying. For women aged 38, however, only about 77%. The effect of age upon men's fertility is less clear. [68]In people going forward for IVF in the UK, roughly half of fertility problems with a diagnosed cause are due to problems with the man, and about half due to problems with the woman. However, about one in five cases of infertility has no clear diagnosed cause. [69]In Britain, male factor infertility accounts for 25% of infertile couples, while 25% remain unexplained. 50% are female causes with 25% being due to anovulation and 25% tubal problems/other. [70]In Sweden, approximately 10% of couples wanting children are infertile. [71] In approximately one third of these cases the man is the factor, in one third the woman is the factor, and in the remaining third the infertility is a product of factors on both parts. Society and culture [ edit]Perhaps except for infertility in science fiction, films and other fiction depicting emotional struggles of assisted reproductive technology have had an upswing first in the latter part of the 2000s decade, although the techniques have been available for decades. [72] Yet, the number of people that can relate to it by personal experience in one way or another is ever growing, and the variety of trials and struggles is huge. [72]Pixar 's Up contains a depiction of infertility in an extended life montage that lasts the first few minutes of the film. [73]Other individual examples are referred to individual subarticles of assisted reproductive technology Ethics [ edit]There are several ethical issues associated with infertility and its treatment. High-cost treatments are out of financial reach for some couples. Debate over whether health insurance companies (e.g. in the US) should be required to cover infertility treatment. Allocation of medical resources that could be used elsewhere The legal status of embryos fertilized in vitro and not transferred in vivo. (See also Beginning of pregnancy controversy ). Pro-life opposition to the destruction of embryos not transferred in vivo. IVF and other fertility treatments have resulted in an increase in multiple births, provoking ethical analysis because of the link between multiple pregnancies, premature birth, and a host of health problems. Religious leaders' opinions on fertility treatments; for example, the Roman Catholic Church views infertility as a calling to adopt or to use natural treatments (medication, surgery, and/or cycle charting) and members must reject assisted reproductive technologies. Infertility caused by DNA defects on the Y chromosome is passed on from father to son. If natural selection is the primary error correction mechanism that prevents random mutations on the Y chromosome, then fertility treatments for men with abnormal sperm (in particular ICSI) only defer the underlying problem to the next male generation. Many countries have special frameworks for dealing with the ethical and social issues around fertility treatment. One of the best known is the HFEA – The UK's regulator for fertility treatment and embryo research. This was set up on 1 August 1991 following a detailed commission of enquiry led by Mary Warnock in the 1980s A similar model to the HFEA has been adopted by the rest of the countries in the European Union. Each country has its own body or bodies responsible for the inspection and licensing of fertility treatment under the EU Tissues and Cells directive [74]Regulatory bodies are also found in Canada [75] and in the state of Victoria in Australia [76]Developing countries [ edit] [ hide]This section has multiple issues. Please help improve it or discuss these issues on the talk page. ( Learn how and when to remove these template messages)This section may require cleanup to meet Wikipedia's quality standards. The specific problem is: confusing (September 2016)This section contains weasel words: vague phrasing that often accompanies biased or unverifiable information. (September 2016)This section may be unbalanced towards certain viewpoints. (September 2016)The neutrality of this section is disputed. (September 2016)This section relies largely or entirely on a single source. (September 2016)This section possibly contains original research. (September 2016)This article may not properly summarize its corresponding main article. This section may be confusing or unclear to readers. (September 2016)Infertility is often not seen (by the West) as being an issue outside industrialized countries. [77] This is because of assumptions about overpopulation problems and hyper fertility in developing countries, and a perceived need for them to decrease their populations and birth rates. [78] The lack of health care and high rates of life-threatening illness (such as HIV/AIDS) in developing countries, such as those in Africa, are supporting reasons for the inadequate supply of fertility treatment options. [79] Fertility treatments, even simple ones such as treatment for STIs that cause infertility, are therefore not usually made available to individuals in these countries. [80]Despite this, infertility has profound effects on individuals in developing countries, as the production of children is often highly socially valued and is vital for social security and health networks as well as for family income generation. [81] Infertility in these societies often leads to social stigmatization and abandonment by spouses. [82] Infertility is, in fact, common in sub-Saharan Africa. Unlike in the West, secondary infertility is more common than primary infertility, being most often the result of untreated STIs or complications from pregnancy/birth. [83]Due to the assumptions surrounding issues of hyper-fertility in developing countries, ethical controversy surrounds the idea of whether or not access to assisted reproductive technologies should comprise a critical aspect of reproductive health or at least, whether or not the distribution and access of such technologies should be subject to greater equity. [84] However, as highlighted by Inhorn [85] the overarching conceptualisation of infertility, to a great extent, disguises important distinctions that can be made within a local context, both demographically and epidemiological and moreover, that these factors are highly significant in the ethics of reproduction. An important factor, argues Inhorn, [85] is the positioning of men within the paradigm of reproductive health, whereby because rates of general infertility mask differences between male and female infertility, men remain a largely invisible facet within the theorisation and discourse surrounding infertility, as well as the related treatments and biotechnologies. This is particularly significant given that male infertility accounts for more than half of all cases of infertility [86] and moreover, it is evident that the attitudes and behaviours of men have profound implications for the reproductive health of both individuals and couples. [87] For example, Inhorn [82] notes that when couples in Egypt are faced with seemingly intractable infertility problems - due to a range of family and societal pressures that centre around the place of children in constituting the gender identity of men and women - it is often the women who is forced to seek continued treatment; this continues to occur, even in known instances of male infertility and that the constant seeking of treatment frequently becomes iatrogenic for the women. Inhorn states that infertility often leads to “marital demise, physical violence, emotional abuse, social exclusion, community exile, ineffective and iatrogenic therapies, poverty, old age insecurity, increased risk of HIV/AIDS, and death” [79] Significantly, Inhorn demonstrates that this phenomenon can not simply be explained by a lack of knowledge, rather it occurs in a complex interaction between the centrality of children in the male gender identity as a symbol of maturity and the relative lack of power of women in Egyptian society, whereby they effectively become scapegoats for a culturally accepted narrative as a site of blame for the lack of childlessness. It should be emphasised that this is not simply an issue of “women oppressed by men” but rather, that men and women both share the burden of this narrative, but in different, unequal and highly complex ways. Therefore, while the notion that reproductive health is a ‘women’s issue’, may have powerful social currency, especially within popular discourse and indigenous systems of meaning, the reality of infertility suggests that medical and health paradigms have a significant part to play in challenging the validity of this entrenched belief . Moreover, the effectiveness of any therapeutic intervention, medical or otherwise will be contingent on such outcomes and has an important part to play in the alleviation of gendered suffering, especially the burden imposed on women, who continue to suffer disproportionately from the effects of infertility. High costs may also be a factor and research by the Genk Institute for Fertility Technology, in Belgium, claimed a much lower cost methodology (about 90% reduction) with similar efficacy, which may be suitable for some fertility treatment. [88] At the 1994 United Nations International Conference on Population and Development (ICPD) in Cairo, the prevention and treatment of infertility was accepted into the program of action for reproductive healthcare. Infertility has shown to have a greater effect on developing nations than on birth rates or population control, but also on a social level as well. Reproduction is a large aspect of life for many cultures within developing nations, and infertility can lead to social and familial problems such as rejection or abandonment as well as personal psychological issues. Currently, fertility treatment options and programs are only available through private health sectors in developing nations and little-to-no treatment is available through public health sectors. The fertility treatment options offered through the private sectors are often costly or not easily accessible. Additionally, counseling is considered an essential aspect of fertility treatment, and due to lack of education and resources such forms of therapy remain scarce as well. While quality fertility care is not readily available in developing nations (such as sub-Saharan African countries), a standard procedure of care could be easily implemented for a low cost as a basic intervention. The lack of fertility treatment is problematic, and high birth and population rates are every reason to implement treatment options rather than reject them. [79]See also [ edit]Advanced maternal age Childlessness Conception device Inherited sterility in insects Medical ethics Oncofertility, fertility in cancer patients Sterility Surrogate marriage References [ edit]^ GBD 2015 Disease and Injury Incidence and Prevalence, Collaborators. (8 October 2016). 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Human Reproduction. pp. 538–542.^ a b ""An error has occurred - NICE"". nice.org.uk.^ HFEA Chart on reasons for infertility^ Khan, Khalid; Janesh K. Gupta; Gary Mires (2005). Core clinical cases in obstetrics and gynaecology: a problem-solving approach. London: Hodder Arnold. p. 152. ISBN 0-340-81672-4.^ Sahlgrenska University Hospital. (translated from the Swedish sentence: ""Cirka 10% av alla par har problem med ofrivillig barnlöshet. "")^ a b chicagotribune.com Heartache of infertility shared on stage, screen By Colleen Mastony, Tribune reporter. 21 June 2009^ O'Neill Desmond (2009). ""Up with ageing"". BMJ. 339: b4215. doi: 10.1136/bmj.b4215.^ ""EUROPA"". europa.eu. Archived from the original on 21 May 2008.^ Assisted Human Reproduction Canada Archived 23 May 2008 at the Wayback Machine.^ ""Independent Theatre Association"". Independent Theatre Association.^ (Inhorn 2003 p1841)^ (Lock and Nguyen 2011 p.269)^ a b c (Gerrits and Shaw 2010)^ (Lock and Nguyen 2011 p.269-270)^ (Lock and Nguyen 2011 p.263)^ a b (Inhorn 2003 p.1842)^ Gerais AS, Rushwan H (2013-03-25). ""Infertility in Africa"". Popul Sci. 12: 25–46. PMID 12319540.^ (Inhorn 2003 p.1841)^ a b (2003 p.1839)^ (Inhorn 2003 p.1831)^ (Inhorn 2003 p.1842-3)^ ""IVF as cheap as £170, doctors claim"". BBC News. 8 July 2013. Inhorn MC (2003). ""Global infertility and the globalization of new reproductive technologies: illustrations from Egypt"". Social Science & Medicine. 56 (9): 1837–1851. doi: 10.1016/s0277-9536 (02)00208-3. Lock, Margaret and Vinh-Kim Nguyen. 2011. An anthropology of biomedicine: Wiley-Blackwell. Gerrits T, Shaw M (2010). ""Biomedical infertility care in sub-Saharan Africa: a social science review of current practices, experiences and view points"". Facts, Views & Vision in Ob Gyn. 2 (3): 194–207. Further reading [ edit]Fertility: Assessment and Treatment for People with Fertility Problems. London: RCOG Press. 2004. ISBN 1-900364-97-2. Anjani Chandra et al. (2013). Infertility and Impaired Fecundity in the United States, 1982-2010: Data from the National Survey of Family Growth. Hyattsville, Md. : U. S. Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Health Statistics. Pamela Mahoney Tsigdinos (2009). Silent Sorority: A Barren Woman Gets Busy, Angry, Lost and Found. Book Surge Publishing. p. 218. ISBN 1-4392-3156-7. External links [ edit]Classification V · T · DICD - 10: N46, N97.0 ICD - 9-CM: 606, 628 Me SH: D007246 Diseases DB: 21627External resources Medline Plus: 001191 e Medicine: med/3535 med/1167Wikimedia Commons has media related to Infertility. RCOG clinical guidelines for infertility (concise guidelines)Fertility: Assessment and Treatment for People with Fertility Problems, 2004 (extensive guidelines)Gene Reviews/NCBI/NIH/UW entry on CATSPER-Related Male Infertility Infertility not just a Female Problem Assisted Reproduction in Judaism Facing Life Without Children When It Isn’t by Choice Patient Voices – Infertility [ show]v t e Reproductive health [ show]v t e Assisted reproductive technology [ show]v t e Female diseases of the pelvis and genitals ( N70–N99, 614–629)Categories: Fertility medicine Infertility Fertility Women's health Mycoplasma "


how to do a basic squat

:06Here is how to do a basic squat:1) Stand tall with your feet hip distance apart. Your hips, knees, and toes should all be facing forward.2) Bend your knees and extend your buttocks backward as if you are going to sit back into a chair. Make sure that you keep your knees behind your toes and your weight in your heels. Rise back up and repeat.

How To Do A Basic Squat

How To Do A Basic Squat Total: 119 Facebook Pinterest Twitter E-mail Stumble Upon Print The basic squat is an extremely effective lower body move that strengthens all leg muscles including glutes, quads, hamstrings and calves. During the squat you use every single lower body muscle, the motion of keeping your balance all while maintaining an upright posture will deliver an entire leg workout with core strength as an added bonus making the squat the ultimate lower body workout. The basic squat is a user-friendly exercise that anyone can do. Body weight alone is always a great way to build strength and challenge your muscles. That being said, if you have moved past beginner level you can always add holding dumbbells or supporting a barbell to make the squat more effective. However, make sure you use the instructions below and practice a basic squat until you learn how to do it properly and with good range of motion. Range of motion is the key to effectiveness in this exercise. Slightly bending your knees is not truly a squat – it’s a knee bend. To be effective in having a stronger and tighter butt and legs. MY LATEST VIDEOSSquats also help strengthen your back when you practice good posture in your squat and pull your abdominal muscles in throughout. Squat can also reduce future injuries by strengthening both the knee and ankle muscles. Use the links below to quickly navigate this guide: How To Do a Basic Squat What Muscles Does a Basic Squat Work? Benefits of a Basic Squat How Many Calories Does a Basic Squat Burn? Other Exercises Similar to a Basic Squat Incorporating Basic Squats Into Your Workouts How To Do A Basic Squat How to do a PERFECT Proper Squat (& Prevent Injury! )Your browser does not currently recognize any of the video formats available. Click here to visit our frequently asked questions about HTML5 video.0:00 / 1

What Muscles does a Basic Squat Work? Basic Squat is an awesome lower body exercise that works your quads, hamstrings, glutes and core. Benefits of A Basic Squat There are many reasons you should incorporate basic squat into your workouts. Here are just a few: Strengthen and Sculpt Your Legs The Basic Squat is one of the most perfect exercises for strengthening and sculpting your legs. Not only is it low impact, but it starts with a wide, solid base making it safe for most people to practice. Those who have bad knees might struggle with lunges, but squats give you the stability of both legs working in unison. Tone and Shape Your Tush And nice strong, shapely rear end is the envy of all. If that’s what you’re looking for, look no farther than the basic squat. Sitting back into your heels and squeezing your backside as you come up helps you focus on correct form and fire your glute muscles for real results. Burn Calories The Basic Squat uses the largest muscles in your body so it ends up burning more calories than things like bicep curls or tricep extensions that rely on smaller areas. You see, the larger the muscle being used, the more energy needed when you work that muscle. How Many Calories Does a Basic Squat Burn? People often ask how many calories they are burning in their workouts. Most exercises will generally burn about 100 calories for every 10 minutes you are working hard. Want to burn more? Add weights to your basic squat. Bottom line – the harder you work, the more calories you burn. Other Exercises Similar to Basic Squat If you like the Basic Squat and the results you get from it, here are a few more exercises you might want to try. How To Do Plie Squats How To Do Glute Bridge How To Do The Perfect Stationary Lunge Incorporating Basic Squats Into Your Workouts Basic Squat is an amazing cardio exercise all on its own! However, you could also incorporate Basic Squat into other workouts to mix them up. Here are some ideas to make that happen. Use Basic Squat In A Leg Workout Leg workouts can be done in just a few short moves. Just take these 4 simple moves, do 12 reps each and go through the series three times. We promise you WILL feel your work the next day. Leg Day Blitz Do a brief 3-minute warm up and then: Basic Squat – 12 reps Cross Behind Lunge – 12 reps Forward Lunge – 12 reps Single Leg Hamstring Bridge – 12 reps each leg Complete This Series 3 Times Use Basic Squat In Your Circuit Training Circuits are a fun way to exercise and get your strength and cardio in all at the same time. The idea behind circuits is to go from one move, or one “station”, to the next with little or not rest in between. Check this out: Fat Blasting Circuit Training Workout Move directly from one exercise to the next with little to no break in between. Rest for 1 minute at the end, then repeat the sequence.30 seconds side lunges30 seconds high knee run30 seconds push ups30 seconds split jumps30 seconds basic squats30 seconds bear crawl30 seconds modified army crawl plank30 seconds crab walk Rest 1 minute. Repeat. Stretch. Use Basic Squat in Your Full Body Strength Workout Leg Day is great. Upper body day is fantastic. But FULL BODY day is the best! Take one workout and get it all done at once. This one gets it all done and includes the Basic Squat as well as a bunch of other basic strength moves. Full Body Basic Move Strength Workout Warm up for about 2-3 minutes then: Do between 10-15 of each of the following moves: Basic Squat Push-Up Side Lunges Tricep Dips Alternating Forward Lunges Dolphin Dive Repeat the Sequence Here are 3 more workouts for you to try that incorporate the Basic Squat!20-Minute Back to Basic Strength Workout30-Minute Full Body Workout to Do At Home5 Bodyweight Moves for Killer Results Targets: glutes, quads, hamstrings


lindale georgia is in what county

Lindale is a census-designated place (CDP) in Floyd County, Georgia, United States. It is part of the 'Rome, Georgia Metropolitan Statistical Area'. The population was 4,088 at the 2000 census. Lindale is located at 34°11′37″N 85°10′25″W / 34.19361°N 85.17361°W / 34.19361; -85.17361 (34.193495, -85.173713).

Lindale

Lindale Lindale, GAFavorite Share More Nearby Directions Sponsored Topics Description

According to the United States Census Bureau, the CDP has a total area of 5.5 square miles (14.3 km²), of which, 5.5 square miles (14.3 km²) of it is land and 0.04 square miles (0.1 km²) of it (0.54%) is water.


who is penelope hume on lost

Penelope ""Penny"" Widmore is a fictional character on the ABC television series Lost played by Sonya Walger. Penny is introduced in the last episode of the second season of Lost as the long-lost lover of Desmond Hume as well as the daughter of British tycoon and antagonist Charles Widmore.

Penny Widmore

"From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedianavigation search Penelope ""Penny"" Widmore Lost character Sonya Walger as Penny Widmore First appearance "" Live Together, Die Alone ""Last appearance "" The End ""Created by J. J. Abrams Damon Lindelof Portrayed by Sonya Walger Information Species Human Gender Female Occupation Heiress Spouse (s) Desmond Hume Children Charlie Hume Relatives Charles Widmore (father) Daniel Faraday (half-brother)Nationality English Former residence Knightsbridge, London, England

In spite of being only a recurring character, she made notable appearances in three season finales of the show: "" Live Together, Die Alone "", [1] "" Through the Looking Glass "", [2] and "" There's No Place Like Home "". [3] Penny and Desmond's relationship is generally liked by critics and fans alike. Commentators, such as those from Entertainment Weekly, have commended the writing of their storyline. Contents [ hide ]1 Arc1.1 Flash-sideways2 Reception3 References Arc [ edit]Penny was born to Charles Widmore ( Alan Dale) and an unnamed woman in England. [4] She first met Desmond ( Henry Ian Cusick) sometime in 1994 at a monastery in Scotland and asked him to help her deliver wine to Carlisle, in which he gladly agreed. [5] Two years later, they were living together, in spite of her father's disapproval. Even though both were happy together, their relationship appeared to be unstable due to the disparity between the wealth of the two characters, Penny was an heiress while Desmond merely worked at a theatre company. It eventually turned the curve when Desmond was unable to pay for a photograph forcing Penny to pay for it. [6] Feeling ashamed by his inability, Desmond left Penny, regardless of what she thought, and joined the Royal Scots Regiment. [6] Penny was disappointed that Desmond left her without any notice. When he abruptly visits her in 1996 and asks for her number, she was confused because he told her he would call her 8 years later. In spite of her frustration, she allowed him to have her number so that he could call her later. [7] Despite these setbacks and heartaches, Penny continued to have feelings for Desmond. She wrote him a letter after she had learned that he was going to prison and hid it in the only book by Charles Dickens that he had not yet read, Our Mutual Friend. He, however, was unaware and didn't read it while he was there even after was released from prison and from the Army, and instead kept the book where it was. Desmond also wrote letters but her father intercepted them believing that Desmond was unfit for his daughter. He then persuades Desmond to join a round-the-world sailing race to prove his worth to Penny. Months after Desmond had begun his training for the race, they meet in Los Angeles, she assumed that he had read her letter but was startled when he asked her when she was going to be married. [1] She replied by saying ""We haven't set a date"". [1] They, however, would not end up getting married because Desmond would suddenly disappear later. Years after Desmond's mysterious disappearance, Penny was still determined to find him. Her hope increased when her listening station was able to find the coordinates of The Island. [1] Days later, she made contact with Charlie Pace ( Dominic Monaghan ), who asked her if she had sent a boat to the island. She replied that she hadn't. Before she could speak to Desmond, who was there with Charlie, the communication failed. [2] On the Christmas Eve of 2004, she received the call Desmond had promised her and was elated that he was alive. This event marked the first time they had spoken to each other in four years. [7] Penny and Desmond would later be united at last when her boat, Searcher, was able to rescue him, along with the members of the Oceanic 6, Jack Shephard ( Matthew Fox ), Kate Austen ( Evangeline Lilly ), Hugo ""Hurley"" Reyes ( Jorge Garcia ), Sayid Jarrah ( Naveen Andrews ), Sun-Hwa Kwon ( Yunjin Kim ), and Aaron Littleton, along with Frank Lapidus ( Jeff Fahey ). [3]Penny and Desmond's first child, Charlie, was born somewhere in the Philippines, aboard the ship Our Mutual Friend, after they went into hiding from her father. [8] In 2007, Penny would face her father's nemesis, Benjamin Linus ( Michael Emerson ), who threatened to kill her as a result of the murder of Alex by Widmore's men. However, when he saw Charlie, he hesitated allowing Desmond to stop him. [9]Flash-sideways [ edit]In the alternate timeline Penny's last name is Milton and she never met Desmond. She is jogging in a stadium when Desmond comes to meet her for the first time. When Desmond shakes her hand, he collapses. When he gets back up, he asks Penny if she would like to go have coffee and she agrees to meet him in an hour. She and Desmond smile back at each other. Time notes the surname Milton connects her character to John Milton, the English poet famous for writing Paradise Lost, an epic poem about free will, good and evil. [10] In the finale episode of the series, the alternate timeline is revealed to be a purgatorial meeting place prior to the afterlife, after Penny's death sometime in her future. Penny and Desmond sit together in the church alongside the other main characters and ""move on"". For this episode, and in spite of scarce screen time, Walger was elevated to main cast status. Reception [ edit]Sonya Walger Penny and Desmond's relationship has been received positively by critics. In Entertainment Weekly, Alejandro Garay wrote, ""One of my favorite episodes of 2008 was Lost ’s 'The Constant.' It was a beautiful episode that made us fans fall in love with the show even more. The creators managed to build momentum with smart narrative, by using the romance card to develop such a complicated topic as time traveling. [11] Maureen Ryan of The Chicago Tribune praised Penny and Desmond's phone call in "" The Constant "", saying ""a classic Lost moment"" in Desmond and Penny's phone call. [12] Verne Gay of Newsday called it an emotional release, ""I actually cried when Penny and Desmond finally... connected"" and ""there wasn't one, single, solitary false note"". [13] Jeff Jensen of Entertainment Weekly named the phone call between Desmond and Penny the best moment of the season excluding any moments from the then yet-to-air season finale. [14]Erin Martell of AOL 's TV Squad said that ""The Constant"" strengthened her love for Desmond and Penny's story, saying ""my heart won't break if none of [Jack, Kate, Sawyer and Juliet] end up together [but] if Desmond and Penny don't reunite, I will be devastated."" [15] Jay Glatfelter of The Huffington Post said Penny and Desmond had ""the best love story on the show and dare I say on television today"". [16] Karla Peterson of The San Diego Union-Tribune wrote that "" [I was] almost as touched and relieved by the [ir] reunion as Desmond and Penny are""; however. [17] Ben Rawson-Jones of Digital Spy wrote that ""a refreshing shift in Lost's tone enabled loyal viewers to have their hearts warmed by the long distance smoochfest between Desmond and his beloved Penny"". [18] IGN ' 's Chris Carabott praised the on-screen chemistry of Henry Ian Cusick (Desmond) and Sonya Walger (Penelope), stating that ""their on screen chemistry makes the love between the two characters real and makes their inevitable breakup that much harder to handle."". [19]Key: = Recurring Key: = Guest Key: = No Appearances Actor Character Appearances S1 S2 S3 S4 S5 S6 Total Sonya Walger Penelope ""Penny"" Widmore 2 3 2 5 2 14References [ edit]^ a b c d Jack Bender (director); Damon Lindelof & Carlton Cuse (writers) (2006-05-24). "" Live Together, Die Alone "". Lost. Season 2. Episode 23. ABC.^ a b Jack Bender (director); Carlton Cuse & Damon Lindelof (writers) (2007-05-23). "" Through the Looking Glass "". Lost. Season 3. Episode 22. ABC.^ a b Jack Bender & Stephen Williams (director); Damon Lindelof & Carlton Cuse (writers) (2008-05-29). "" There's No Place Like Home: Parts 2 and 3 "". Lost. Season 4. Episode 13 & 14. ABC.^ Stephen williams (director); Brian K. Vaughan & Elizabeth Sarnoff (writers) (2009-04-08). "" Dead is Dead "". Lost. Season 5. Episode 12. ABC.^ Stephen Williams (director); Jeff Pinkner & Brian K. Vaughan (writers) (2007-04-18). "" Catch-22 "". Lost. Season 3. Episode 17. ABC.^ a b Jack Bender (director); Damon Lindelof & Drew Goddard (writers) (2007-02-14). "" Flashes Before Your Eyes "". Lost. Season 3. Episode 8. ABC.^ a b Jack Bender (director); Damon Lindelof & Carlton Cuse (writers) (2008-02-28). "" The Constant "". Lost. Season 4. Episode 5. ABC.^ Stephen Williams (director); Elizabeth Sarnoff & Paul Zbyszewski (writers) (2008-05-29). "" Jughead "". Lost. Season 4. Episode 13 & 14. ABC.^ Stephen Williams (director); Brian K. Vaughan & Elizabeth Sarnoff (writers) (2008-05-29). "" Dead is Dead "". Lost. Season 4. Episode 13 & 14. ABC.^ Poneiwozik, James (April 7, 2010). ""Lostwatch: Would You Believe In a Love at First Sight?"". Time.com.^ Alejandro Garay, ""Long Lost Love,"" Entertainment Weekly 1030 (January 16, 2009): 2.^ Ryan, Maureen, (March 19, 2008) "" Lost is Back to Being an Unmissable Addiction "", The Chicago Tribune. Retrieved on June 7, 2008.^ Gay, Verne, (February 29, 2008) "" At Least it was a Bloody Military Dream Archived 2008-05-03 at the Wayback Machine . "", Newsday. Retrieved on March 9, 2008.^ Jensen, Jeff, (May 29, 2008) "" The 15 Best Moments of Season 4 "", Entertainment Weekly. Retrieved on June 6, 2008.^ Martell, Erin, (February 29, 2008) "" Lost: 'The Constant' "", TV Squad. Retrieved on March 9, 2008.^ Glatfelter, Jay, (February 29, 2008) "" On Lost: 'The Constant' "", The Huffington Post. Retrieved on June 7, 2008.^ Peterson, Karla, (February 29, 2008) "" My Constant Archived 2008-08-29 at the Wayback Machine . "", The San Diego Union-Tribune. Retrieved on June 7, 2008.^ Rawson-Jones, Ben, (March 2, 2008) "" S04E05: 'The Constant' "", Digital Spy. Retrieved on June 7, 2008.^ Carabott, Chris (2007-02-15). ""Lost: Flashes Before Your Eyes Review"". IGN. Retrieved 2008-07-23. [ hide]v t e Lost Awards and nominations Cast Soundtracks Episodes Season 1 Season 2 Season 3 Season 4 Season 5 Season 6Characters Alex Rousseau Ana Lucia Cortez Ben Linus Boone Carlyle Charles Widmore Charlie Pace Charlotte Lewis Christian Shephard Claire Littleton Daniel Faraday Danielle Rousseau Desmond Hume Ethan Rom Frank Lapidus Hugo ""Hurley"" Reyes Ilana Verdansky Jack Shephard Jacob James ""Sawyer"" Ford Jin-Soo Kwon John Locke Juliet Burke Kate Austen Libby Smith Man in Black Martin Keamy Michael Dawson Miles Straume Mr. Eko Nikki and Paulo Penny Widmore Richard Alpert Rose and Bernard Nadler Sayid Jarrah Shannon Rutherford Sun-Hwa Kwon Tom Friendly Walt Lloyd Mythology Dharma Initiative Oceanic Airlines Related articles Find 815 Lost Experience Lost: Missing Pieces Lost: Via Domus Category Categories: Fictional businesspeople Fictional English people Lost (TV series) characters Fictional characters introduced in 2006 "


what does the state bird mean in louisiana

The state bird of Louisiana is unique among the world's seven species of pelicans. The brown pelican is found along the ocean shores and not on inland lakes. It is the only dark pelican, and also the only one that plunges from the air into the water to catch its food.

Brown Pelican

"Brown Pelican Louisiana State Bird Brown Pelicanstatebird LA0.jpg Brown pelican public domain National Park Service photo by Rodney Cammauf: Everglades Wildlife Images. Official State Bird of Louisiana The brown pelican ( Pelecanus occidentalis) was designated the official state bird of Louisiana in 1966. Early European settlers were impressed with the pelican's generous and nurturing attitude toward their young, and the brown pelican has been a symbol of Louisiana since that time. Louisiana's official nickname is ""The Pelican State"" and the brown pelican appears on Louisiana's state flag, state seal, the official state painting (along with many other symbols and icons of Louisiana), and is one of three Louisiana symbols displayed on the U. S. mint's bicentennial quarter. Facts

Pesticide use caused Pelicans to stop nesting along the Louisiana coast in 1961, and they completely disappeared by 1966. Louisiana began attempting to re-populate its coastline by transporting Florida fledglings into the state. The US Fish and Wildlife Service listed the Brown Pelican as an endangered species in 1970, but the Federal Government declared the Brown Pelican ""recovered"" in Louisiana in 1995 . About 40,000 Brown Pelicans call ""The Pelican State"" their home today. Source | Reference Links Images Videos Brown Pelican - Plunge Dive Foraging Technique And Swallowing Jumping Fish Trapped Inside Pouch.wmv Brown Pelican - Plunge Dive Foraging Technique And Swallowing Jumping Fish Trapped Inside Pouch.wmv Your browser does not currently recognize any of the video formats available. Click here to visit our frequently asked questions about HTML5 video.0:00 / 1:26Edit Brown Pelican Page Add Media for Brown Pelican Add a New Page "


metropolis define

A metropolis is usually a significant economical, political and cultural center for some country or region, and an important hub for regional or international connections and communications. The plural of the word is most commonly metropolises, though metropoleis is sometimes used as well.

Dictionary Definition

"« Define metronymic Define metropolitan »Go to Dictionary Definition Go to User Contributed Dictionary Go to Extensive Definition Go to Synonyms, Antonyms and Related Words Dictionary Definitionmetropolis Noun1 a large and densely populated urban area; may include several independent administrative districts; ""Ancient Troy was a great city"" [syn: city, urban center]2 people living in a large densely populated municipality; ""the city voted for Republicans in 1994"" [syn: city]User Contributed Dictionary English Etymology First attested in : from metropolis, from μητρόπολις, from μήτηρ + πόλις. Pronunciationa RP /mɪˈtɹɒpəlɪs/Noun Any large, busy city, especially as the main city in an area or country or as distinguished from surrounding rural areas. The see of a metropolitan bishop . The chief city of a colony, especially in Ancient Greece. Derived termsrel-top Derived termsmetrometropolitan Related termsmetropole Translationslarge, busy city Finnish: metropoli Russian: мегаполисmetropolitan bishop’s seecolony’s chief city Finnish: metropolis Russian: столица, метрополияttbc Dutch: metropoolttbc French: métropolettbc Serbian : velegrad References Extensive Definition A metropolis (in Greek μήτηρ, mētēr meaning 'mother' and πόλις, pólis meaning 'city/town') is a big city, in most cases with over half a million inhabitants in the city proper, and with a population of at least one million living in its urban agglomeration. Big cities belonging to a larger urban agglomeration, but which are not the core of that agglomeration, are not generally considered a metropolis but a part of it.

In a broader sense, it refers to the city or state of origin of a colony (as of ancient Greece ), a city regarded as a center of a specified activity, or a large important city. Antiquity In the past, metropolis was the designation for a city or state of origin of a colony. Many large cities founded by ancient civilizations have been considered important world metropolises of their times due to their large populations and importance. Examples include Alexandria , Angkor , Antioch , Athens , Babylon , Beirut , Benares , Byblos , Cahokia , Carthage , Constantinople , Corinth , Damascus , Dholavira , Ephesus , Great Zimbabwe, Harappa, Istanbul, Jerusalem , Nanjing , Nineveh , Macchu Picchu, Mohenjo-Daro , Rome, Side, Siracuse, Tenochtitlan , Teotihuacan , Tikal , Tyre , Xian and Ur. Some of these ancient metropolises survived until the modern days and are among the world's oldest continuously inhabited cities. Etymology and modern usage The word comes from the Greek metropolis ("" mother city ""), which is how the Greek colonies of antiquity referred to their original cities, with whom they retained cultic and political-cultural connections. The word was used in post-classical Latin for the chief city of a province, the seat of the government, and in particular ecclesiastically for the seat or see of a metropolitan bishop to whom suffragan bishop s were responsible. This usage equates the province with the diocese or episcopal see. In modern usage the word is also used for a metropolitan area, a set of adjacent and interconnected cities clustered around a major urban center. In this sense ""metropolitan"" usually means ""spanning the whole metropolis"" (as in ""metropolitan administration""); or ""proper of a metropolis"" (as in ""metropolitan life"", and opposed to "" provincial "" or ""rural""). Global/world city The concept of a Global city (or a World city) means a city that has a direct and tangible effect on global affairs through socioeconomic, cultural, and/or political means. The term has become increasingly familiar, because of the rise of globalization (i.e., global finance, communication s, and travel ). An attempt to define and categorize world cities by financial criteria was made by the Globalization and World Cities Study Group & Network (Ga WC), based primarily at Loughborough University in England. The study ranked cities based on their provision of ""advanced producer services"" such as accountancy, advertising, finance and law. The Inventory identifies three levels of world cities and several sub-ranks (See World cities ranking ). A metropolis isn't necessarily a global city, or being one, it could not be among the top ranking due to its standards of living, development, and infrastructures. Local definitions by country Canada Statistics Canada defines a census metropolitan area as one or more adjacent municipalities situated around a major urban core where the urban core has a population of at least 100,000. http://www12.statcan.ca/english/census01/products/reference/dict/geo009.htm India In India, the Census Commission defines a metropolitan city as one having a population of over 4 million. http://www.hinduonnet.com/2001/04/07/stories/0207000q.htm Mumbai , Delhi , Chennai , Kolkata , Bangalore , Hyderabad are the six cities that qualify. Residents of these cities are also entitled to a higher House rent allowance. The figure only applies to the city region and not the conurbation. Japan The Japanese legal term to (都) is commonly translated as metropolis. Structured like a prefecture instead of a normal city, there is only one to in Japan, namely Tokyo . As of 2008, Japan has 11 other cities with populations greater than one million. United Kingdom Various conurbation s in the United Kingdom are considered to be metropolitan areas (see Metropolitan county ). The term 'Metropolis' itself is rarely used. London is archaically referred to as 'the Metropolis'. United States In the United States an incorporated area or group of areas having a population more than 50,000 is required to have a metropolitan planning organization in order to facilitate major infrastructure projects and to ensure financial solubility. Thus, a population of 50,000 or greater has been used as a de facto standard in the United States to define a metropolis. A similar definition is used by the United States Census Bureau. They define a metropolitan statistical area as at least one urbanized area of 50,000 or more inhabitants. Metropole Like in the UK, in French , in Spanish language and Portuguese language, the cognate word métropole (Fr.) / metrópoli (Spa.) / metrópole (Port. ), designates the part of a country near or on the Europe an continent; in the case of France, this would mean France without its overseas departments; for Portugal and Spain during the Spanish Empire and Portuguese Empire period, it used to be common to designate Portugal or Spain except its colonies (the Ultramar). Notes and references Allen J. Scott (ed.) ""Global City Regions: Trends, Theory, Policy,"" Oxford University Press (2001). See also Other city types Global city Megacity Megalopolis Lists World's largest cities List of metropolitan areas by population Other Ekistics Ecopolis (city)Large Cities Climate Leadership Group Planning Theories New Urbanism Smart Growth Transit Oriented Development External links U. S. Census Bureau: About Metropolitan and Micropolitan Statistics Megalopolis, my Arcadia, a podcast with a worldwide analysis of megacities (focus Latin America)metropolis in Czech: Velkoměstometropolis in Danish: Storbymetropolis in German: Metropolemetropolis in Estonian: Suurlinnmetropolis in Esperanto: Metropolometropolis in French: Métropolemetropolis in Scottish Gaelic: Àrd-bhailemetropolis in Italian: Metropolimetropolis in Latvian: Metropolemetropolis in Dutch: Metropool (stad)metropolis in Japanese: メトロポリスmetropolis in Norwegian: Metropolmetropolis in Portuguese: Metrópolemetropolis in Russian: Метрополияmetropolis in Slovak: Metropolametropolis in Slovenian: Velemestometropolis in Turkish: Metropolmetropolis in Ukrainian: МетрополіяSynonyms, Antonyms and Related Words Kreis , Stadt, archbishopric, archdiocese, arrondissement, art center, bailiwick , banlieue, bishopric, boom town, borough, bourg, burg, burgh, canton, capital, capital city, city, commune, congressional district, constablewick , conurbation , county, departement, diocese, district, duchy, electoral district, electorate, exurb, exurbia, faubourg, garment center, ghost town, government , greater city, hamlet , hundred, magistracy, manufacturing center, market town, medical center, megalopolis, metropolitan area, municipality , oblast, okrug, outskirts, parish, polis, precinct, principality, province, railroad center, region, riding, sheriffalty, sheriffwick, shipping center, shire, shopping center, shrievalty , soke, spread city, stake, state, suburb, suburbia, territory, tourist center, town, township, trade center, urban center, urban complex, urban sprawl, urbs, village, ville, wapentake, ward "


what side of the car should a car seat be on

The results showed that the passenger side rear seat was the most popular position for the baby or child's car seat (41%) followed by the left (driver's side) rear seat (31%) and center seat (28%). Researchers also found use of the center position decreased as the child got older.

Safest Spot for Baby's Car Seat?

"Safest Spot for Baby's Car Seat? Study Shows Placing Car Seat in Center of Back Seat Cuts Risk of Injury in Crash By Jennifer Warner From the Web MD Archives May 7, 2008 -- The safest spot for a baby's car seat is in the center of the back seat rather than on the sides, according to a new study. Although older passengers using seat belts can decide where they sit in a car, researchers point out that a child's seat is determined by where the child-restraint system is installed. For ease of access and keeping an eye on a baby, the most common spot for a baby's car seat is the rear passenger side. But the study showed that children under age 3 seated in the center of the back seat had nearly half the risk of injury in motor vehicle crashes than children seated in either of the other positions. ""The center rear seating position is used less often by children restrained by a child-restraint system as they get older,"" writes researcher Michael J. Kallan, MS, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, and colleagues in Pediatrics. ""Children seated in the center rear have a 43% lower risk of injury compared with children in a rear outboard position. ""Continue Reading Belowyou might like Researchers say current child restraint safety guidelines recommend the center position as long as a snug fit of the car seat can be achieved. But those recommendations are based on research that was conducted a decade ago. Center Seat Safest for Children In this study, researchers looked at whether those recommendations were still valid by analyzing data on child occupants of motor vehicle accidents from 1998 to 2006 based on insurance claims and a telephone survey. The analysis included children from birth to age 3 who were seated in a child-restraint system in the rear seat of motor vehicles (model year 1990 or newer) that were involved in a crash in 16 states.

For example, 39% of baby car seats for infants under age 1 were placed in the center rear seat vs. 18% of child car seats for 3-year-olds, regardless of any additional passengers in the rear seat.1 2 View All "