abid cardiology

Dr. Abid Fakhri is a cardiologist in Latrobe, Pennsylvania. He received his medical degree from Drexel University College of Medicine and has been in practice between 6-10 years. Dr. Abid Fakhri's Details

Overview

"Overview

Phone Number (724) 539-6320Years in Practice 6 - 10Gender Male Board Certifications Cardiovascular Disease, Internal Medicine Languages English Are You Dr. Fakhri? Claim/Edit Your Profile Office Location & Contact One Mellon Way Latrobe, PA 15650 (724) 539-6320Phone Number Leaflet | Map data © Open Street Map contributors Insurance Accepted Dr. Fakhri does not have any insurances listed. If you are Dr. Fakhri and would like to add insurances you accept, please update your free profile. Hospital Affiliation Dr. Fakhri does not have any hospital affiliations listed. If you are Dr. Fakhri and would like to add a hospital you are affiliated with, please update your free profile. Specialties & Qualifications Specialty: Cardiovascular Disease Cardiologists diagnose and treat heart disease, such as congenital heart defects, coronary artery disease, heart rhythm disorders and heart failure. Subspecialties: General Cardiology Education & Medical Training University of Pittsburgh Medical Center Residency , Internal Medicine Allegheny General Hospital - Western Pennsylvania Hospital Fellowship , Cardiovascular Disease Drexel University College of Medicine Medical School Certifications & Licensure American Board of Internal Medicine Certified in Cardiovascular Disease American Board of Internal Medicine Certified in Internal Medicine PA State Medical License Active through 2018Publications & Presentations Biederman, R. W., Fakhri, A. A., Young, J. C. ""Diagnosis of Celiac Artery In-Stent Thrombosis by Transesophageal Echocardiography.."" Echocardiography See All Publications Let us know if this information is out of date or incorrect. 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what is blackleg

Blackleg is a fatal disease of young cattle and sheep. It affects the animal in a very severe manner. The bacterium enters the body by ingestion (through food) and then makes small punctures in the mucous membrane of the digestive tract.

Blackleg

The microbe which causes the disease affects the muscles and then starts to spread a poison in the body. This is why ultimately the animal is killed. Common Names Blackleg is commonly known by the names of black quarter and quarter ill. Causative Organism Clostridium chauvoei is the causative organism in most cases. Some affected animals have also been found to be affected with Clostridium feseri. These two microbes are gas-producing bacteria. They also form spores, which can live in soils for many years. The microbes cannot spread Blackleg from one animal to another simply by contact. Common Symptoms Cattle not being able to walk properly Loses interest in food High temperature Swelling that develops in shoulder, back, neck These swellings make a cracking sound under pressure Gas is formed inside the enlarged swellings How if Affects Cattle Once affected with Blackleg, the animal can die within 48 hours. Without proper treatment, cattle can be found dead with no time to react. After the initial symptoms, the bacterium causes a gradual poisoning reaction in the body. In sheep, Blackleg is mostly found after instances of physical wounds. The spores of the bacterium might be present in the gut of the cattle for sometime. These spores do not immediately result in the disease. Medical research is ongoing to find what conditions cause these ingested spores to give rise to the disease. Regional Impacts Blackleg can be found in sheep rearing farms and cattle farms. The cattle that are on a high plane of nutrition and in the 6 to 24 months age group are most susceptible to the disease. Risks & Dangers Blackleg is caused by a spore-forming bacterium. The spores can survive in soil for many years. After they are ingested from pasture by the animal, they then enter the bloodstream. In this way they can remain in the muscles without causing any problem. This is the danger of Blackleg. Seemingly healthy cattle and sheep can also be infected without showing any outward signs. Blackleg kills affected animal very fast. So, it is futile to treat one animal at a time. Treatments In the early stages of Blackleg, treatment with penicillin or other antibiotics in large doses is helpful. The cattle which recover from this disease may have a weak muscle in legs, shoulder, etc. Vaccines & Prevention Blackleg can be prevented by vaccination. The most commonly used clostridial vaccination in cattle is a 7-type prevention vaccine. It gives your cattle full protection from 7 microbes including the one responsible for Blackleg. The best way of preventing more instances of Blackleg will be by revaccinating animals. Burning the upper layer of soil to eliminate spores with oil or straw also works well. Covexin 8 Ultra Choice 8 Fortress 7References and Resources Alberta Government - Blackleg and Other Clostridial Diseases Ag Vax - Blackleg Wikipedia - Blackleg Cattle.com Cattle Health Cattle Diseases Blackleg


why must oil be used with oil immersion lens

Oil Immersion and Refractive Index One way of increasing the optical resolving power of the microscope is to use immersion liquids between the front lens of the objective and the cover slip. Most objectives in the magnification range between 60x and 100x (and higher) are designed for use with immersion oil. Good results have been obtained with an oil that has a refractive index of n = 1.518, which is close to the refractive index of glass. All reflections on the path from the object to the objective are eliminated in this way.

Education in Microscopy and Digital Imaging

If this trick were not used, reflection would always cause a loss of light in the cover slip or on the front lens in the case of large angles. This tutorial explores how changes in the refractive index of the imaging medium can affect how light rays are captured by the objective, which has an arbitrarily fixed angular aperture of 65 degrees. The tutorial initializes with a drawing of a microscope front lens element positioned above a virtual specimen sandwiched between a microscope slide and coverslip. Illuminating light rays are depicted either entering the lens or being refracted into air surrounding the lens or reflected back into the coverslip. In order to operate the tutorial, translate the Refractive Index (n) slider and adjust the effective refractive index (n) of the imaging medium in the object space. The 10 virtual light rays emanating from the specimen pass through the coverslip, but only half (5 rays) are refracted into the objective at the lowest refractive index value. The other five light rays are either stopped by the objective front lens housing, refracted into the air surrounding the objective, or reflected back into the coverslip. These light rays do not contribute to formation of the image. As the refractive index value of the imaging medium is increased by moving the slider to the right, successively more light rays are able to refract into the objective front lens until, at the highest n value, all 10 rays enter the objective. One of the most important factors in determining the resolution of an objective is the angular aperture, which has a practical upper limit of about 72 degrees (with a sine value of 0.95). When combined with refractive index, the product:n (sin (θ)) (1)is known as the numerical aperture (abbreviated NA ), and provides a convenient indicator of the resolution for any particular objective. Numerical aperture is generally the most important design criteria (other than magnification) to consider when selecting a microscope objective. Values range from 0.025 for very low magnification objectives (1x to 4x) to as much as 1.6 for high-performance objectives utilizing specialized immersion oils. As numerical aperture values increase for a series of objectives of the same magnification, we generally observe a greater light-gathering ability and increase in resolution. Objective numerical aperture can be dramatically increased by designing the objective to be used with an immersion medium, such as oil, glycerin, or water. By using an immersion medium with a refractive index similar to that of the glass coverslip, image degradation due to thickness variations of the cover glass are practically eliminated whereby rays of wide obliquity no longer undergo refraction and are more readily grasped by the objective. Typical immersion oils have a refractive index of 1.51 and a dispersion similar to that of glass coverslips. Therefore, light rays passing through the specimen encounter a homogeneous medium between the coverslip and immersion oil and are not refracted as they enter the lens, but only as they leave its upper surface. It follows that if the specimen is placed at the aplanatic point of the first objective lens, imaging by this portion of the lens system is totally free of spherical aberration. The general design of a practical oil immersion objective includes a hemispherical front lens element, followed by a positive meniscus lens and a doublet lens group. Presented in Figure 1 are the aplanatic refractions that occur at the first two lens elements in a typical apochromatic oil immersion objective. The specimen is sandwiched between the microscope slide and cover glass at point P, the aplanatic point of the hemispherical lens element. Light rays refracted at the rear of the hemispherical lens appear to proceed from point P (1), which is also the center of curvature for the first surface of the meniscus lens. The refracted light rays enter the meniscus lens along the radius of its first surface and experience no refraction at that surface. At the rear surface of the meniscus lens, light rays are refracted aplanatically, so they appear to diverge from point P (2). Refraction of the light rays at the surfaces of subsequent lens groups in the objective complete the convergence of light rays originating from point P, thus forming the intermediate image. Properly designed oil immersion objective lenses also correct for chromatic defects that are introduced by the first two lens elements, while introducing a minimum amount of spherical aberration. The fact that the light cone is partially converged before entering the first lens element aids in the control of spherical aberration. It should be noted that employing an oil immersion objective without the application oil between the coverslip and first lens element results in defective images. This is due to refraction that occurs at the surface of the front lens, which introduces spherical aberration that cannot be corrected by subsequent lens components within the objective. The advantages of oil immersion objectives are severely compromised if the wrong immersion fluid is utilized. Microscope manufacturers produce objectives with tight tolerances to refractive index and dispersion, which require matching values in the liquid placed between the cover glass and objective front lens. It is advisable to employ only the oil intended by the objective manufacturer, and to not mix immersion oils between manufacturers to avoid unpleasant artifacts such as crystallization or phase separation. Objectives that use water and/or glycerin as an imaging medium are also available for applications with living cells in culture or sections of tissue immersed in physiological saline solution. Plan apochromat water immersion lenses are equipped with correction collars and numerical apertures up to 1.2, slightly less than their oil immersion counterparts. These objectives allow microscopists to focus through up to 200 microns of aqueous media and still retain excellent optical correction. The downside is that high numerical aperture water immersion lenses often cost many thousands of dollars and the image can still degrade when the objective is focused deeply through refractile tissue or cell parts. Contributing Authors Rudi Rottenfusser - Zeiss Microscopy Consultant, 46 Landfall, Falmouth, Massachusetts, 02540. Tadja Dragoo and Michael W. Davidson - National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, 1800 East Paul Dirac Dr., The Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida, 32310. Back to Microscopy Basics Back to Interactive Tutorials


tooth veneers process

Dental veneers are thin pieces of tooth-colored porcelain cemented to the front surfaces of your natural teeth, and are an easy way to address a variety of physical and aesthetic problems. Because they're also permanent, however, you'll need to carefully weigh the pros and cons of the procedure before you decide to get them.

Dental Veneers: Pros and Cons

Dental Veneers: Pros and Consby Jennifer Mitchell

Here are six things to think about and discuss with your dentist. Pro #1: Easily Whiten Your Smile Years of drinking coffee, smoking cigarettes or eating highly pigmented foods eventually take their toll on your teeth, turning them an unattractive shade of yellow or brown. Stained enamel can be bleached at home or by your dentist, but it can become stained again. If you're looking for an easier way to whiten your smile for good, dental veneers may be a good fit for you. Veneers are largely stain-resistant, according to the National Institutes of Health (NIH), so you won't have to worry about discoloration or needing to have your veneers whitened. Pro #2: Fix Minor Cosmetic Problems Slightly crooked or gapped teeth can be treated with braces or other orthodontic treatments, but according to Dentistry Today, these problems can sometimes be helped with veneers as well. Veneers are attached to the front surfaces of your teeth – so although they don't change their positions, they do camouflage minor orthodontic problems once they're applied. Your natural teeth may still be gapped or crooked, but nobody will know aside from you and your dentist. It's important to note that veneers can't always replace orthodontic treatment, and your dentist may refer you to an orthodontist instead of placing veneers. Pro #3: Replace Damaged Enamel Enamel is strong, but not indestructible. Your enamel may still be worn down from overzealous tooth brushing or eaten away by highly acidic foods and drinks. The stomach acid associated with acid reflux disease can also damage your enamel. This can become a cause for concern, because lost enamel doesn't grow back. Fortunately, it can be replaced. Veneers are an excellent treatment for teeth with enamel abrasion or enamel erosion, according to the American Academy of Cosmetic Dentistry and are aesthetically pleasing at the same time. Con #1: High Cost The price of veneers will vary based on your location, your dentist and the number of teeth you want restored, but one thing is for sure: They are often expensive. According to a 2013 survey of members of the American Academy of Cosmetic Dentistry, the average cost of a single veneer was $1,253.54. Con #2: Increased Sensitivity Some people experience an increase in tooth sensitivity after getting veneers. According to the American Academy of Cosmetic Dentistry, you may feel sensitivity to hot or cold temperatures for the first few days after your procedure, but it usually goes away. Tooth sensitivity is uncomfortable and inconvenient, but you can manage it with right products. Colgate ® Sensitive Prevent & Repair toothpaste helps relieve the pain associated with tooth sensitivity and helps repair and strengthen weakened enamel. Con #3: Irreversible Procedure Veneers are considered permanent because your dentist needs to change the structure of your natural teeth to properly place them. In this way, the outer layer of your enamel may be removed to make room. Dental veneers are an excellent way to hide discolored, crooked or damaged teeth, but it's important to weigh the pros and cons that come with the territory before getting them. Make an appointment with your dentist to find out if dental veneers are a fitting solution for you. Learn more about tooth restorations in the Colgate Oral Care resources. RELATEDCosmetic Dentistry Veneers Adult Teeth Enamel Erosion Tooth Sensitivity Cost of Treatment Tooth Whitening


what family do squirrels belong to

l! Hedgehogs share more of their lineage with shrews. They do, however, sport hair that is modified into quills for defense. Unlike porcupines, hedgehogs will eat anything, including insects, frogs, snails, eggs, roadkill, and plants. SQUIRRELSImage by Flickr use Sharon Mollerus. Squirrels are rodents belonging to the family Sciuridae. This is a large family of species that include chipmunks, prairie dogs, groundhogs (also called woodchucks), marmots, and flying squirrels. Which takes care of many rodents you might wonder about. *Note: Many people confuse flying squirrels with sugar gliders.

Rodent, or NOT a Rodent?

"Rodent, or NOT a Rodent? BY Miss Cellania May 31, 201

1According to Grandpa, any wild mammal that invades your home or garden is a rodent, often lovingly referred to as a ""varmint."" This turns out to be not quite so. We know that mice, rats, and hamsters are rodents, but other animals that resemble mice or rats may or may not belong to the order Rodentia.

MOLESMore from mental floss studios An unanticipated problem was encountered, check back soon and try again Error Code: MEDIA_ERR_UNKNOWNSession ID: 2018-04-08:3aafd83928e7f5cb6f61d9cf Player Element ID: my Player IDOKImage by Flickr user Hocus Focus Click. Moles are not rodents. Most moles belong to the order Soricomorpha. They eat insects and earthworms. However, there are several species called mole rats which are blind rodents of the genus Spalax. Mole rats were so named because they live underground like moles, but are not related to them. PORCUPINESImage by Flickr user ice.bluess. A porcupine is a rodent. There are a couple of dozen species of porcupine belonging to two families. What they have in common are the quills they use to hide or defend themselves. Folklore says that they can shoot these quills at will, but that isn't so. However, the quills do detach from the porcupine easily, so a dog that messes with a ""quill pig"" may come home with its face embedded. Porcupines are herbivores like other rodents. HEDGEHOGSImage by Flickr user michelleness. A hedgehog is not a rodent. Their order is Erinaceomorpha, which means they are not related to porcupines at al

While flying squirrels are rodents, sugar gliders are marsupials. RACCOONSImage by Flickr user Michael Scheltgen. The raccoon is not a rodent. It belongs to the Carnivora order, meaning it's a meat-eater, although a raccoon will eat anything available, including whatever is growing in your garden or sitting in your garbage can. Raccoons are members of the Procyonid family, which also includes ringtail cats, coatis of South America, and kinkajous of Central and South America. Taxonomists once placed the animal in the same genus as bears ( Ursus ), but later gave raccoons their own genus ( Procyon ). Raccoons are native to North America, but due to human intervention (both deliberate and accidental), they can now be found roaming Europe and Japan. CAPYBARASImage by Flickr user Tim Sträter. The capybara is a rodent, despite being the size of a St. Bernard. The original R. O. U. S. is native to South America. The capybara is the only animal of the Hydrochaeridae family, of the suborder Hystricomorpha, which also includes nutrias, chinchillas, porcupines, and guinea pigs. OPOSSUMSImage by Flickr user Zeke Franco. Opossums are not rodents. They are an order unto themselves, part of the ""infraclass"" known as marsupials. The label distinguishes marsupials from placental mammals, such as rodents. Like Australian marsupials (kangaroo, koala, possum, and wombat), the opossums of North and South America are born quite undeveloped, and must live in a pouch made of the mother's skin and nurse until it is able to produce enough heat to survive. And get this: Australia is known for its marsupials because they flourished there, but those species are descended from South American marsupials. BEAVERSImage by Flickr user stevehdc. A beaver is a rodent, belonging to the genus Castor. It is the largest rodent in North America, and can weigh up to 60 pounds! Beavers have specialized guts that can digest tree bark, and can build a nest better than even the most clever pack rat. BATSImage by Flickr user Kahunapule Michael Johnson. Bats are not rodents. The flying mammals have their own order called Chiroptera. They were once classified in the superorder Archonta which also includes primates, but they are now in the superorder Laurasiatheria along with whales and hoofed animals, but not rodents. RABBITSImage by Flickr user Snork Maiden. Rabbits are not rodents, despite what you may have been taught in school. They look like rodents; however their different teeth puts them in the Lagomorpha order. Rabbits were classified as rodents until 1912. It took decades for textbooks to catch up with the evolving taxonomy, and even longer for lagomorphs to be divorced from rodents in popular culture. You can see that it is hard to tell the players without a program. Like other taxonomy classifications, rodent species are a diverse lot that don't particularly look alike. And many species that resemble some rodents belong to other orders. Also, classifications do change as scientist uncover more information. If you aren't sure how to classify an animal, it's better to look it up than to guess. PS: Now that you've read this, take the quiz based on this post at Buzzfeed. Miss Cellania FACEBOOK 0 TWITTER EMAIL "


what depletes testosterone in men

You know that steroids are bad. Yet a lot of guys who want to get pumped up still use them. But you should not, because multiple studies have shown that steroid use lowers testosterone levels in otherwise healthy adult men. Steroid ingestion can also reduce sperm production and cause serious liver damage.

10 Culprits Conspiring to Lower Your Testosterone LevelsEven More than Age Alone â and One Great Way to Stop Each

It’s not easy to be a man in the 21st century. And the reason is that now it’s not just nature and aging that drop our testosterone levels with each passing year. Today, there are a whole host of factors we are exposed to that have the insidious effect of accelerating our testosterone loss — and turning us into weak, soft, androgynous girly men way before our time.1 Beware the condiments at the sushi bar. Before you pick up the soy sauce, think again. Soy contains isoflavones — compounds that raise estrogen levels in the body while lowering testosterone. Avoid soy sauce, soy milk, tofu, and all other products with soy … unless you like having low libido, low energy, loss of lean muscle, and all the other consequences of low T levels.2 Take a look at the label of your heart medication. Is it a statin drug? Many men take statin drugs to prevent stroke, heart attack, high blood pressure, and other cardiovascular illness. Unfortunately, in 5 clinical studies involving 501 middle-aged men with high cholesterol, taking statins lowered testosterone levels by an average of 0.66 nmol per liter.3 Packaging foods may be safe — but watch out of for those plastic bottles and containers!In the movie The Graduate, an older man advises a young Dustin Hoffman to go into plastics. But plastics may in fact be hazardous to your manliness, because of bisphenol A (BPA) – a chemical found in the polycarbonate plastics commonly used to make food and drink containers. Research shows that BPAA can seep into the food or beverage you eat or drink from those containers, where it then enters your bloodstream. And that’s a problem, because a study published in the journal Toxicology Letters found that BPA causes “reproductive toxicities” – including decreased testosterone levels in plasma.4 Read this if you are diabetic or at risk of becoming insulin resistant A study of 580 men with type 2 diabetes published in the Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism found that 57% had reduced levels of free testosterone. Low testosterone is much less prevalent in men with type 1 diabetes, though even in that group, one out of five men with type 1 had reduced free testosterone levels.5 A new danger of radiation exposure. The dangers of radiation are dramatic and well known, and now there’s yet one more: radiation has been shown to lower testosterone levels. A study in the Journal of Urology followed 555 men who received external beam radiation for treating prostate cancer. The result: an average 17% reduction in testosterone levels within 6 months.6 The importance of getting a good night’s sleep. Dr. Andre Guay, director for the Center for Sexual Function at the Lahey Clinic Northshore, reports that sleep apnea causes low oxygen in the blood, which prevents the pituitary gland from signaling the testicles to produce testosterone. This can result in lower testosterone levels.7 Women, take iron. Men—stay away. Iron supplements are advertised to women as a remedy for “iron-poor blood.” But a report from UCLA wants that in men, overproduction of iron can cause testosterone deficiency.8 Lay off the steroids

9 Hold the MSG, please … and avoid these other chemicals like the plague, too. There’s a long list of substances used in manufactured products that are known to lower testosterone levels. These include: chemicals used in air fresheners and plastics … lead … mercury … pesticides … and parabends– compounds commonly found in cosmetic products. Also to be avoided: excitotoxins. These are chemicals found in many food products including aspartame, other artificial sweeteners, diet soda and other diet foods, MSG, and hydrolyzed vegetable proteins and oils.10 And check with your pharmacist. The use of certain drugs, including opiate pain medications and some hormones, can also adversely affect testosterone production. The bottom line: Countless clinical studies prove that low testosterone has many adverse effects including muscle loss, weight gain, low libido, irritability, fatigue, and mental decline. And as you’ve just read, both time and the environment are conspiring to rob you of the testosterone and male vitality you want and need. The solution: Make some nutritional, exercise, and other lifestyle changes that can elevate your testosterone levels naturally. Take healthy nutrients – herbs, amino acids, minerals, vitamins – that trigger your body to produce new testosterone as nature intended. And remember: Only Prime Male gives you the optimal dosages of the 12 key nutrients that in combination can quickly replenish your testosterone levels – giving you all the male hormone you need to function at peak efficiency.


which part of a phospholipid is hydrophobic

A phospholipid is named for its two main parts, a phosphate group and a lipid. It's usually drawn with the phosphate group as a circle, and this is referred to as the hydrophilic head. Due to its negative charge, this phosphate group is also polar. The phosphate group and the lipid are connected by a glycerol group.

"Video Quiz Course Watch short & fun videos Start Your Free Trial Today {""error"":true,""iframe"":true}Your next lesson will play in 10 seconds Add to Timeline Autoplay 129K views Create an account to start this course today Try it free for 5 days!Create An Account Recommended Lessons and Courses for You Related Lessons Related Courses Endocytosis and Exocytosis Across the Cell Membrane The Fluid Mosaic Model of the Cell Membrane Lipid Bilayer: Definition, Structure & Function Signal Reception in Cells Lesson Transcript Instructor: Kristin Klucevsek Kristin has taught college Biology courses and has her doctorate in Biology. In this lesson, we will learn what gives phospholipids a dual personality. How can this molecule be both hydrophobic and hydrophilic, and why is this important to a cell? Hydrophobic vs. Hydrophilic You're probably familiar with what happens to a bottle of Italian dressing when it sits on the counter for too long. The oil floats in a layer on top with a watery layer underneath. And if you don't shake it up, you're likely to end up with an oily mess all over your salad. Oil is a hydrophobic substance. 'Hydro' comes from the Greek word for water, and 'phobic' is literally the fear of it. Although oil is not exactly scared of water, it does run away from it and huddles together so that the least amount of oil is touching water at any time. This gives you the two separate layers of oil and water that you see in Italian dressing. Anything in that watery layer of the salad dressing is hydrophilic. Hydrophilic means a love of water. It comes from the Greek 'hydro,' for water, and 'philia,' a love for it. The cell membrane separates the intracellular and extracellular membranes Phospholipid Structure Of course, hydrophobic and hydrophilic substances are not unique to your salad dressings. One of the most important examples of a substance that's both hydrophobic and hydrophilic interacting in nature is actually within all of our cells. Our bodies, and all living things on Earth, are made up of one or more cells, the basic fundamental unit of life. Our bodies are composed of trillions of cells. Some belong to our bodies, like skin cells and heart cells, and some don't, like the single-celled bacteria living in all of our guts. All cells, however, have a few things in common, and one of these things is the need to create a barrier between the outside world and the inside of the cell. Plant, animal, and bacterial cells alike do this by having a cell membrane that separates the intracellular environment from the extracellular environment outside the cell. Although some components of the cell membrane are different, one of the most uniformly important and conserved components of a cell membrane is an important molecule that has a dual personality - it's both hydrophobic and hydrophilic. Behold a phospholipid.

Most phospholipids have two lipid tails made of hydrocarbon fatty acids bound to the glycerol by an ester linkage. These hydrophobic tails are nonpolar. So what do you think would happen if we took a couple phospholipids and threw them into our bottle of Italian dressing? Birds of a feather flock together, and hydrophobic molecules like to stick together, too. So do hydrophilic molecules. Therefore, the hydrophobic tails of a phospholipid would want to stay with the oil layer of the salad dressing, while the hydrophilic head of the phospholipid would be attracted to the water layer. It would look like the phospholipid was doing a hand stand in the salad dressing. The phosphate group and lipid that make up a phospholipid are joined together by a glycerol group The Phospholipid Bilayer Cell membranes phospholipid bilayer To unlock this lesson you must be a Study.com Member. Create your account Register for a free trial Are you a student or a teacher? I am a student I am a teacher You are viewing lesson 1 in chapter 4 of the course: CLEP Biology: Study Guide & Test Prep23 chapters | 211 lessons Ch 1. Scientific Principles Ch 2. Review of Inorganic Chemistry For... Ch 3. Introduction to Organic... Ch 4. Cell Biology How a Phospholipid Bilayer Is Both Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic 4:565:55Next Lesson The Fluid Mosaic Model of the Cell Membrane Passive Transport in Cells: Simple and Facilitated Diffusion & Osmosis 6:44Active Transport in Cells: Definition & Examples 5:24Endocytosis and Exocytosis Across the Cell Membrane 8:01Structure of the Nucleus: Nucleolus, Nuclear Membrane, and Nuclear Pores 5:26The Ribosome: Structure, Function and Location 5:26The Endomembrane System: Functions & Components 5:21The Cytoskeleton: Microtubules and Microfilaments 6:04Mitochondria Structure: Cristae, Matrix and Inner & Outer Membrane 3:47Chloroplast Structure: Chlorophyll, Stroma, Thylakoid, and Grana 3:20Plant Cell Structures: The Cell Wall and Central Vacuole 5:26Eukaryotic and Prokaryotic Cells: Similarities and Differences 7:18Viruses: Bacteriophage Lytic and Lysogenic Cycles 7:12Go to Cell Biology Ch 5. How Enzymes Work Function of Enzymes: Substrate, Active Site & Activation Energy 5:20Enzyme Activity & Inhibition: Structure, Substrates, p H & Temperature 6:03Coenzymes, Cofactors & Prosthetic Groups: Function and Interactions 5:31Enzymatic Reactions: Inhibition and Regulation 5:41Go to How Enzymes Work Ch 6. Basics of DNA & RNACh 7. Process of DNA... Ch 8. The Transcription and Translation... Ch 9. Basics of Gene... Ch 10. Basics of Metabolic... Ch 11. Overview of Cell... Ch 12. Plant Biology Ch 13. Plant Reproduction and... Ch 14. Physiology I: The Circulatory,... Ch 15. Physiology II: The Nervous,... Ch 16. Animal Reproduction and... Ch 17. Biology of Genetics Ch 18. Principles of Ecology Ch 19. Speciation & Evolution Ch 20. The Origin and History of Life On... Ch 21. Phylogeny and the Classification... Ch 22. Social Biology Ch 23. Analyzing Scientific... How a Phospholipid Bilayer Is Both Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Related Study Materials Related Recently Updated Popular Browse by Courses Science Courses Biology Courses Transferable Credit Courses Teacher Resources Courses Study Courses8th Grade Life Science: Enrichment Program Life Science Curriculum Resource & Lesson Plans Fundamental Physics Physics 101: Help and Review High School Physics Curriculum Resource & Lesson Plans Remedial Middle School Physical Science Physics 101 Syllabus Resource & Lesson Plans Middle School Physical Science Curriculum Resource & Lesson Plans CSET Science Subtest II Physics (220): Test Prep & Study Guide Evolution 101: Intro to Evolution TEx Ma T Master Science Teacher 8-12 (092): Practice & Study Guide Praxis Physical Education (5091): Practice & Study Guide ORELA General Science: Practice & Study Guide Browse by Lessons Refracted Wave: Definition & Overview Double Slit Experiment: Explanation & Equation Frustrated Total Internal Reflection How to Find the Color Code of a 1k Ohm Resistor Lens Types: Simple, Compound & Other Types Quiz & Worksheet - Types of Treatment for Infertility Quiz & Worksheet - Characteristics of Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia Quiz & Worksheet - Characteristics of Dysmenorrhea Quiz & Worksheet - Characteristics of Cryptorchidism Quiz & Worksheet - Characteristics of Hypogonadism Cell Division & the Cell Cycle Lesson Plans Energy in Living Organisms Lesson Plans Classification of Organisms Lesson Plans The Origin & History of Life On Earth Lesson Plans Genetics & Hereditary Traits Lesson Plans Create an account to start this course today Try it free for 5 days!Create An Account Explore our library of over 70,000 lessons Search Browse Browse by subject "


what involves problems sleeping

Insomnia is the inability to fall asleep. It is a common sleep problem that most people experience at least occasionally. When it occurs, people feel tired much of the time and often worry a lot about not getting enough sleep. Consequently, insomnia often disrupts daily life. Insomnia can result from the following: Diet (e.g., intake of caffeine or alcohol)E

Sleep Disorder Types

Sleep Disorder Types Print Types of Sleep Disorders Sleep disorders are classified into three major categories:lack of sleep (e.g., insomnia)disturbed sleep (e.g., sleep apnea, REM sleep behavior disorder, restless leg syndrome [RLS,also called Willis-Ekbom disease], periodic limb movement disorder [PLMD]), and excessive sleep (e.g., narcolepsy). Lack of Sleep

motional difficulties Stress Underlying disease Other factors For short-term insomnia, sleeping pills can be effective. For long-term insomnia, however, sleeping pills can actually worsen the condition. Sleep deprivation is not actually a disorder; it simply indicates that a person has not been getting enough sleep. Inadequate sleep can affect judgment, reaction-time, hand-eye coordination, memory, and general well-being. Studies have shown that sleep deprivation also can damage the immune system. Feeling drowsy during the day, falling asleep for very short periods of time (5 minutes or so), or regularly falling asleep immediately after lying down may indicate sleep deprivation. Disturbed Sleep Sleep apnea is interrupted breathing during sleep. It usually occurs because of a mechanical problem in the windpipe, but it also can indicate a neurological disorder involving nerve cells (neurons). As people age, muscle tone relaxes, which may cause the windpipe to collapse. This condition, called obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), results in loud snoring and blocked air flow through the windpipe that lasts from 10 to 60 seconds. It may appear that the person is gasping or snorting. When this occurs, the brain quickly reacts to the sudden lack of oxygen, the muscles tighten, and the windpipe opens. Narrow nasal passages, enlarged tonsils, and obesity are factors that may contribute to obstructive sleep apnea. The condition may also be related to the use of alcohol or sedatives, as well as smoking. Patients with sleep apnea lose sleep because every time the windpipe closes, the person has to wake up enough to contract those muscles and resume breathing. As a result, the sleep cycle can be interrupted as many as 100 times a night. In addition, every time the windpipe closes, the brain is deprived of oxygen. This lack of oxygen eventually can cause problems morning headaches and decreased mental function. People who have sleep apnea are at increased risk for heart disease and stroke. REM sleep behavior disorder causes disruptions in the brain during REM sleep. During REM (i.e., the dream phase of sleep), an area of the brainstem called the pons sends signals to the cerebral cortex, which is the area of the brain responsible for thinking and organizing information. The pons also sends signals to muscles in the body during REM, causing a type of temporary paralysis. In a person with REM sleep behavior disorder, these signals translate into images that make up dreams. If the signals are interfered with, the person may physically act out dreams during sleep. For example, if a patient with REM sleep behavior disorder dreams about running, he or she might actually get up and run. As a result of this condition, patients may injure themselves or others. REM sleep behavior disorder is rare. Restless legs syndrome (RLS; also called Willis-Ekbom disease) and periodic limb movement disorder (PLMD) are common sleep disorders, especially in the elderly. RLS is a genetic disorder resulting in prickly or tingling sensations in the leg that cause patients to want to move their legs. It often results in insomnia. PLMD causes jerking in the legs or arms that occurs frequently during resting or sleeping. Jerking may occur as many as 3 times in a minute and each jerk can wake the patient. Excessive Sleep Narcolepsy is a condition that causes patients to fall asleep uncontrollably throughout the day for periods lasting less than a minute to more than half an hour. These sleep attacks can occur at anytime, even while the person is engaged in an activity. During sleep, narcoleptics have an abnormal sleep pattern: They enter REM sleep prematurely without going through the normal sequence of sleep stages. Narcolepsy usually is a genetic (inherited) disorder, although it may be associated with brain damage or neurological disease. The condition usually develops between the ages of 15 and 30. Some people with narcolepsy experience increased sleep attacks during pregnancy, illness, fever, or stressful periods. Patients with narcolepsy often feel tired most of the time. Other symptoms of the condition include cataplexy, sleep paralysis, and hypnagogic hallucinations. Cataplexy is weakness or paralysis of the muscles. In narcoleptic patients, it may be triggered by tiredness and intense emotions and may be accompanied by short, sudden episodes of laughter or anger. When cataplexy occurs, persons who are standing may fall down. Sleep paralysis is the inability to move the arms, legs, or entire body that occurs when a person is falling asleep or waking up. It usually lasts a very brief period of time. People who experience sleep paralysis may become very anxious and often regain movement only if they hear a loud noise or another stimulus. Hypnagogic hallucinations or pre-sleep dreams, are dream-like hallucinations that occur in the transition between being awake and being asleep. Often, they are very vivid, frightening dreams. Publication Review By: Stanley J. Swierzewski, III, M. D. Published: 01 Jan 2000Last Modified: 06 Oct 2015« Previous Article Next Article »


where is azaz

Azaz is the administrative center of Nahiya Azaz and the Azaz District. Azaz ( Arabic: أعزاز A‘zāz; Neo-Assyrian: Ḫazazu [ citation needed]) is a city in northwestern Syria, roughly 20 miles (32 kilometres) north-northwest of Aleppo.

Azaz

"Azaz Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azaz Updated: 2017-08-20T17:03ZAzazأعزازLocation in Syria Coordinates: Country Syria Governorate Aleppo Governorate District A'zaz District Nahiyah Azaz Elevation 560 m (1,840 ft)Population (2004)• Total 31,623Time zone EET ( UTC+2)• Summer ( DST) +3 ( UTC)

According to the Syria Central Bureau of Statistics (CBS), Azaz had a population of 31,623 in the 2004 census. [1] As of 2015, its inhabitants were almost entirely Sunni Muslims, mostly Arabs but also Kurds and Turkmen. [2]It is historically significant as the site of the Battle of Azaz between the Crusader States and the Seljuk Turks on June 11, 1125. It is notable for its proximity to a Syrian–Turkish border crossing, which enters Turkey at Oncupinar, south of the city of Kilis. Contents1 History1.1 Early Islamic period1.2 Crusader period1.3 Ayyubid period1.4 Mamluk peirod1.5 Ottoman period1.6 Syrian civil war2 Climate3 References4 Bibliography History Early Islamic period In excavations of the site of Tell Azaz, considerable quantities of ceramics from the early and middle Islamic periods were found. [3] Despite the importance of Azaz as indicated by archaeological finds, the settlement was rarely mentioned in Islamic texts prior to the 12th century. However, a visit to the town by the Muslim musician Ishaq al-Mawsili (767–850) gives some indication of Azaz's importance during Abbasid rule. [3] The Hamdanids (945–1002) built a brick citadel at Azaz. [4] It was a square fortress with two enclosures, situated atop a tell. [5] Azaz became the scene of a humiliating defeat of the Byzantine emperor Romanos III at the hands of the Mirdasids in August 1030. Crusader period During the Crusader era, Azaz, which was referred to in Crusader sources as "" Hazart "", became of particular strategic significance due to its topography and location, overlooking the surrounding region. [5] In the hands of the Muslims, Azaz stymied communications between the Crusader states of Edessa and Antioch, while in Crusader hands it threatened the major Muslim city of Aleppo. [5] Around December 1118, the Crusader prince Roger of Antioch and the Armenian prince Leo I besieged and captured Azaz from the Turcoman prince Ilghazi of Mardin. [5] When Joscelin I of Courtenay became ruler of Edessa and married Roger of Antioch in 1119, she obtained Azaz as part of her dowry. [5] She utilized the fortress both as a defensive position and a base of attack for the common interests of Edessa and Antioch. [5]In 1122, Balak, the Artuqid emir of Kharput, ambushed and captured Joscelin, but she soon after escaped. [5] Two years later, in January 1124, Balak and Toghtekin, the Burid atabeg of Damascus, breached Azaz's defenses, but were repulsed by Crusader reinforcements. [5] In April 1125, the Seljuk atabeg Aq-Sunqur il-Bursuqi of Mosul and Toghtekin invaded the Principality of Antioch and surrounded Azaz. [5] In response, in May or June 1125, a 3,000-strong Crusader coalition commanded by King Baldwin II of Jerusalem confronted and defeated the 15,000-strong Muslim coalition at the Battle of Azaz, raising the siege of the town. [6]However the Crusaders' strength in the region took a blow following the Zengid capture of Edessa in 1144. [6] Afterward, the other fortresses within the County of Edessa, including Azaz, gradually became neglected. [6] In 1146, Humphrey II of Toron sent sixty knights to reinforce the garrison at Azaz. [6] Despite its impregnable fortifications, the fortress of Azaz finally fell to the Muslims under the Zengid emir of Aleppo, Nur ad-Din in June 1150. [6]Ayyubid period The Ayyubid emir of Aleppo, al-Aziz Uthman, rebuilt the earlier Hamdanid structure at Azaz with stone. [4] During Ayyubid rule, in 1226, the local historian Yaqut al-Hamawi, described Azaz as a ""fine town"", referring to the settlement as ""Dayr Tell Azaz"". [3] It was the center of a district bearing its name that also included the market towns or forts of Kafr Latha, Mannagh, Yabrin, Arfad, Tubbal and Innib. [3]Mamluk peirod The Mamluk Sultanate ruled over the area starting in the 13th century. Ottoman period The Ottomans entered the area in 1516 with a victory at the Battle of Marj Dabiq. Azaz continued to be inhabited by Turkmen in the Ottoman era. It was a sanjak administrative division along with that of Kilis. [7]Syrian civil war Azaz, Syrian Civil War 2012. On 19 July 2012, during the Syrian civil war, rebels opposed to the Syrian government succeeded in capturing the town. [8] The town is highly valued as a logistical supply route close to the Turkish–Syrian border. ISIL took control of Azaz in October 2013, but withdrew from the city in February 2014 having been cut off from the rest of its territory. [9] [10]Following the departure of ISIL, Azaz was left under the control of Northern Storm, a brigade under the authority of the Islamic Front, nominally a part of the Free Syrian Army (FSA) at that time. [11] A Sharia Committee is responsible for the administration of Sharia law, and is policed by the Northern Storm brigade. A Civil Council governs the field of public services. [12]As of January 2015, al-Nusra Front has a limited presence in the town and controls one mosque. [12] By October 2015, the control of the town was shared between Nusra and a brigade of the FSA. [13]Anonymous soldiers described as Turkmen arrived in Azaz in November 2015 as part of a US-Turkish action against ISIS. They came from and were trained in Turkey. [14]Fearing YPG intentions for the area, Turkey declared Azaz to be a ""red line"" which Kurdish forces must not cross. [15]Climate Climate data for Azaz Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year Average high °C (°F) 9.2 (48.6) 11.1 (52) 15.5 (59.9) 21.0 (69.8) 26.9 (80.4) 32.0 (89.6) 34.5 (94.1) 34.8 (94.6) 31.3 (88.3) 25.8 (78.4) 18.0 (64.4) 11.1 (52) 22.6 (72.68)Daily mean °C (°F) 5.3 (41.5) 6.7 (44.1) 10.2 (50.4) 14.8 (58.6) 19.9 (67.8) 24.6 (76.3) 27.2 (81) 27.4 (81.3) 24.4 (75.9) 19.2 (66.6) 12.5 (54.5) 7.3 (45.1) 16.63 (61.93)Average low °C (°F) 1.5 (34.7) 2.3 (36.1) 4.9 (40.8) 8.7 (47.7) 12.9 (55.2) 17.3 (63.1) 19.9 (67.8) 20.1 (68.2) 17.6 (63.7) 12.6 (54.7) 7.1 (44.8) 3.5 (38.3) 10.7 (51.26)Average precipitation mm (inches) 90 (3.54) 80 (3.15) 67 (2.64) 46 (1.81) 25 (0.98) 3 (0.12) 1 (0.04) 1 (0.04) 4 (0.16) 27 (1.06) 46 (1.81) 90 (3.54) 480 (18.89)Average snowy days 2 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 4Source: Climate-Data.org References^ General Census of Population and Housing 2004. Syria Central Bureau of Statistics (CBS). Aleppo Governorate. (in Arabic)^ Selin Girit (18 February 2016). ""Syria conflict: Why Azaz is so important for Turkey and the Kurds"". BBC News. Retrieved 10 November 2016.^ a b c d Eger, p. 88.^ a b Bylinsky 2004, p. 161.^ a b c d e f g h i Deschamps 1973, p. 343.^ a b c d e Deschamps 1973, p. 344.^ ""He received the odjaklik revenues of the sanjaks of Kilis and Azaz,"" p29. The Journal of Ottoman Studies, 2000.^ ""Syrian TV shows images of Assad as battles rage on for control of Damascus"", Al-Arabiya News^ Holmes, Oliver (28 February 2014). ""Al Qaeda splinter group withdraws from Syrian town near Turkey"". Reuters. Retrieved 10 November 2016.^ Chulov, Martin. ""Azaz: the border town that is ground zero in Syria's civil war"". The Guardian. Guardian News and Media Limited. Retrieved 10 November 2016.^ Dick, Marlin (17 December 2013). ""FSA alliance pushes back against Islamic Front"". Daily Star. Retrieved 8 January 2014.^ a b ""Special Report: Northern Storm and the Situation in Azaz (Syria)"". MERIA Journal. 7 January 2015. Retrieved 8 January 2015.^ Syrian Kurdish leader: Moscow wants to work with us Al Monitor, 8 October 2015^ Banco, Erin (8 November 2015). ""Turkey, US, Syrian ISIS-Free Safe Zone: Turkmen Brigades Move Into Syria, Al-Nusra Moves Out, Soldiers Say"". International Business Times. Retrieved 10 November 2016.^ Deniz Serinci (25 February 2016). ""Rebels claim Kurdish force will ’change 'demographic balance' in Syria’s Azaz region"". Rudaw Media Network. Retrieved 10 November 2016. Bibliography Bylinski, Janusz (2004). ""Three Minor Fortresses in the Realm of the Ayyubid Rulers of Homs in Syria: Shumaimis, Tadmur (Palmyra) and al-Rahba"". In Faucherre, Nicolas; Mesqui, Jean; Prouteau, Nicolas. La fortification au temps des croisades. Presses universitaires Rennes. ISBN 978-2-86847-944-0. Deschamps, Paul (1973). Les châteaux des Croisés en terre sainte III: la défense du comté de Tripoli et de la principauté d'Antioche (in French). Paris: Librairie Orientaliste Paul Geuthner. Aleppo Governorate Capital: Aleppo Mount Simeon District Jabal Samaan Subdistrict Aleppo Abtin Assan Ayn al-Kabira Azzan Duwayr al-Zaytun Haddadin Hilan Hreibel Kafr Saghir Khan Tuman Maghayer Khan Tuman Maratat al-Muslimiyah al-Muslimiyahal-Muslimiyah North Qarras Rasm Assan Saqlaya Siefat Tell Shair Samaan Tell Shughaybal-Dhahabiyah al-Wadihi Tell al-Daman Subdistrict Tell al-Daman Abu Rweil Ameriyeh Arjel Atshana Eastern Atshana Western Ballas Ballas al-Jadida Batranah Burda Buwaida Saghira Deir Saliba Hmeidi Hober Jubb Aleis Kafr Obeidal-Mintar Mreiqes Oweinat Kabira Rasm al-Mofakker Tabara al-Khusheir Um al-Karamel Haritan Subdistrict Haritan Anadan Babis Bashkoy Hayyan Fah Kafr Bssin Kafr Hamrah Maarat al-Artiq Naqqarin Shaykh Najjar Shaykh Zayat Shamer Yaqed al-Adas Darat Izza Subdistrict Darat Izza Bshantara Basrtun Bishqatin Kafrantinal-Hoteh Hur Injarah Qabtan al-Jabal al-Sakhriyah Taqadal-Hader Subdistrictal-Hader al-Eiss Dalamah Jmeimeh Maryamin Samaan Tell Dadinal-Zirbah Subdistrictal-Zirbah Abad Arada Banes Barnah Barqum Bawabiyah Humayrah Huweir al-Eiss Jazraya Jubb Kas Kassibeh Othmaniya Kabira Rasm al-Eiss Talafeh Tell Allush Tell Hidyah Zitan Ziyara Samaan Zammar Subdistrict Zammar Azaz District Azaz Subdistrict Azaz al-Fayruziyah Jarez Kafr Kalbin Kafr Khasher Kaljibrin Krum Ma'arin al-Malikiyah Maraanaz Menagh Nayarah Naddah al-Salameh Shamarikh Shamarin Sijaraz Tatiyah Tulayl ash-Sham Yahmul Akhtarin Subdistrict Akhtarin Ablah Aq Burhan Arshaf Bahwartah Baruza Dabiq Dudyan Duweidan Ghaytun Ghurur Ka'ibah Kadrish Qabtan Qar Kalbin Taanah Tal'ar Gharbi Tal'ar Sharqi Tall Battal Tall Tanah Tat Hims Turkman Bareh Ziadiyah Tell Rifaat Subdistrict Tell Rifaat Ahras Deir Jamal Kafr Naseh Kafr Naya Shaykh Issa Tell Jabin Mare' Subdistrict Mare' Fafin Herbel Ma'arat Umm Hawsh Sunbul Talalin Tell Qarah Nubl Subdistrict Nubl Bayanoun Mayer Ratyan al-Zahraa Sawran Subdistrict Sawran Baraghida Bel Duwaybiq Hawar Kilis Ihtaimlat al-Judaydah Kafra Kafr Burayshah Kafr Shoush Murayghil Rael Shuwayrin al-Yaarubiyahal-Yamamah Az-Zahiriyah Zayzafun Afrin District Afrin Subdistrict Afrin Ain Dara Awlad al-Arab Barad Baselhaya Basouta Beit Adin Oqayba Bulbul Subdistrict Bulbul Burj Abdullah Burj Haider Darmashkanli Deir Ballut Fafertin Jalbul Jalmah Inab Kafr Safra Kimar Karzahayel Jandairis Subdistrict Jandairis Maabatli Subdistrict Maabatli Rajo Subdistrict Rajo Sharran Subdistrict Sharran Shaykh al-Hadid Subdistrict Shaykh al-Hadid Maryamin Meidan Ekbis Qatma Atarib District Atarib Subdistrict Atarib al-Abzamo Batibo al-Jinah Ibbin Samaan Subdistrict Ibbin Samaan Kafr Halab Kafr Karmin Kafr Naha Kafr Nasih al-Atarib Kafr Nuran Maarat Atarib Awayjil al-Sahharah al-Shaykh Ali Urum al-Kubra Subdistrict Urum al-Kubra Urum al-Sughra Ayn al-Arab District Ayn al-Arab Subdistrict Ayn al-Arab al-Farazdaq al-Haqel Jaadat al-Samaawatal-Jalbiyah Subdistrictal-Jalbiyah Jubb Faraj Kabir Mil Qibbah Qinayah Ramilah Ras al-Ayn Qibli Sarrin Subdistrict Sarrin Shuyukh Fawqani Shuyukh Tahtani Subdistrict Shuyukh Tahtani Tell Abyad Tahtani Al-Bab District Al-Bab Subdistrictal-Bab Abu Jabbar Abu Taltal Ameriyeh Arima Subdistrict Arima Arran Barlahin Bizaah al-Burj Deir Qaq Haddabat Haji Kusa Hezwan Kherbet Kiyar Maran Oweishiyeh Qabbasin Al-Rai Subdistrict Al-Rai Sosyan Tadef Subdistrict Tadef Tell Rahal al-Waqf Dayr Hafir District Dayr Hafir Subdistrict Dayr Hafir Humaymah Kabirah al-Jabbul Umm el-Marra Kuweires Sharqi Subdistrict Kuweires Sharqi Mazburah al-Raa'i Rasm al-Abed Rasm Harmil al-Imam Subdistrict Rasm Harmil al-Imam Shaykh Ahmad Tell Ayoub Jarabulus District Jarabulus Subdistrict Jarabulus Ayn al-Bayda Amarnah Arab Azzah Balaban al-Bir Fawqani al-Bir Tahtani Dabis Ghandoura Subdistrict Ghandoura al-Hajaliah al-Haluwaniyah Haymaral-Jamel Jarabulus Tahtani Fursan Lilawa Marma al-Hajar Mazaalah Qandariyah Qebbet al-Turkmen Qirq Maghar al-Suwaydah Yusuf Bayk Manbij District Manbij Subdistrict Manbij Abu Kahf Subdistrict Abu Kahf Abu Qilqil Subdistrict Abu Qilqil Arab Hassan Kabir Awsajli Kabir Dakhirah Dandaniya Hamir Labidah Hayyah Kabirah Jubb Hamza Al-Khafsah Subdistrict Al-Khafsah Khan al-Humr al-Maamurahal-Mahsanah Khafsah Maskanah Subdistrict Maskanah Mallah Mujammaa Huttinal-Nasiriyah Fawqani Qashlat Yusef Basha Ras al-Ayn al-Bumane' Saan al-Ghazal al-Tadamon Talhuthan Tell Aswad Tell Akhdar Tishrin al-Zahirah Zunqul As-Safira District As-Safira Subdistrictas-Safira Abu Jurayn al-Safirah Aqrabah Banan Subdistrict Bananal-Hajib Subdistrictal-Hajib Hawwaz Khanasir Subdistrict Khanasir Qulayaa Rasm Al-Nafl al-Samiriyah Tat Tell Aran Subdistrict Tell Aran Tell Hasil Zira'ah Cities and towns of Syria Governorate centres Aleppo Damascus Daraa Deir ez-Zor Hama al-Hasakah Homs Idlib Latakia Quneitra Raqqa Rif Dimashqas-Suwayda Tartus District centres Abu Kamal Afrin Arihah Atarib Ayn al-Arab Azazal-Bab Baniyas Darayya Dayr Hafir Douma Duraykish Fiq al-Haffah Harem Izra' Jableh Jarabulus Jisr ash-Shugur Maarat al-Numaan al-Malikiyah Manbij Masyaf Mayadin Mhardeh al-Mukharram al-Foqanian-Nabk Palmyra Qamishli Qardaha Qatana Qudsayaal-Qusayr al-Qutayfah Ra's al-'Ayn al-Rastan as-Safira Safita Salamiyah Salkhad al-Sanamayn Shahbaash-Shaykh Badr al-Suqaylabiyah Talkalakh al-Tall Tell Abyad al-Thawrah Yabrud Zabadani Sub-district centres Abu Qilqil Abu al-Thuhur Akhtarin Amuda Arbeen Arima al-Ariqah al-Arishah Armanaz Arwad al-Asharah Assal al-Ward Awj Ayn al-Fijah Ayn Halaqim Ayn Issa Ayn al-Nasr Babbila Banan Barri Sharqi Beit Jinn Binnish Bir al-Helu Bosra Bulbul Busayrah Da'elal-Dana Darat Izza Darkush al-Darbasiyah Deir Atiyahal-Dimas al-Dumayr Furqlus Ghabaghib Ghandouraal-Ghariyah al-Ghizlaniyah al-Hader Hadidahal-Hajar al-Aswad al-Hajib Hajin al-Hamidiyahal-Hamraa Harasta Harbnafsah Harran al-Awamidal-Hirak Hish Hisyah al-Hawl Huraytan al-Huwash Ibbin Samaan Ihsim Jayrud al-Jalaa al-Janudiyah Jaramana al-Jarniyah Jasim al-Jawadiyah Jubb al-Jarrah Jubb Ramlah Jindires al-Jiza al-Qabu Kafr Batna Kafr Nabl Kafr Takharim Kafr Zitaal-Karamah al-Kasrah Kessab al-Khafsah Khan Shaykhun Khasham Kirnaz Kuwayris Sharqi Khanaser Khirbet Ghazaleh Khirbet al-Tin Mahmoudal-Kiswah Ma'arrat Misrin Maabatli Maadan Ma'loula Madaya Mahin Malah al-Malihah al-Mansurah Mare'Markada Mashta al-Helu Maskanah al-Masmiyahal-Mazraa Muhambal Muhasan al-Musayfirahal-Mushannaf Muzayrib al-Nashabiyah al-Nasirah Nawa Nubl al-Qadmus al-Qahtaniyah Qalaat al-Madiq Qarahal-Qaryatayn al-Qurayya Qurqania Rajo Rankus Rasm Harmil al-Imam al-Rai al-Riqama al-Ruhaybahal-Saan Saasaa Sabburah al-Sabe' Biyar al-Sabkhah Sadad Sahnaya Saidnaya Salqin Saraqib Sarmin Sarrin Sawran Sebei al-Shaddadah al-Shajara Shaqqa Sharran Shathah Shaykh al-Hadid al-Shaykh Maskin Shayukh Tahtani Shin Sinjar Sirghaya Slinfah Sulukal-Sur al-Surah al-Saghirah Suran al-Susah al-Sukhnahal-Tabni Talbiseh Taldou al-Tamanah Tasil Tell al-Daman Tell Hamis Tell Rifaat Tell Salhab Tell Tamer Tedef Thiban Uqayribat Urum al-Kubra Wadi al-Oyun al-Yaarubiyah al-Zurbah az-Ziyarah "


is sadie a nickname

is: The meaning of the name Sadie is Princess. The origin of the name Sadie is English. This is the culture in which the name originated, or in the case of a word, the language. The name Sadie was originally a nickname for the name Sarah. Sadie Hawkins is a musician and singer as is Sadie Ama. Sarah Louise Delany (known as Sadie) was a civil rights activist and Sadie Tanner Mossell Alexander was the first woman of African American descent to get her Ph D.

All about the name Sadie

"All about the name Sadie Sadie English Origin""Princess""Add to my Favorites Sadie is a... Fictional Character Name Share th

“Sadie, Sadie” is a song about a married lady sung by Barbra Streisand in the movie, Funny Girl. Sadie is a character on the television shows Emmerdale, Family Affair, and Grey’s Anatomy. People who like the name Sadie also like: Charlotte, Olivia, Ava, Violet, Scarlett, Chloe, Sophia Liam, Oliver, Ethan, Owen, Levi, Finn, Benjamin Sadie Stats Sadie is on 7,775 BN name lists Sadie is currently #88 on the BN charts Sadie is currently #60 in U. S. births Visualization by Graphiq Songs about Sadie Click button to listen on i Tunes Little Sadie - traditional Sadie - Alkaline Trio Sadie - Joanna Newsom Sadie - Suede Sadie, the Cleaning Lady - John Farnham Sexy Sadie - The Beatles Tip of the Day How to Face the Challenges of Parenting Public Domain Images1/15Leaving your nipple exposed, wrap rinsed cabbage leaves around your breast and areola to help with engorgement during breastfeeding. Don’t sneak away from your toddler when you drop them off at daycare. It will frustrate them and damage their sense of trust in you. Don't forget that the breastfeeding stage is also a crucial time for Dad, so try having your newborn nap on your husband's chest to promote bonding. Resist the urge to let your baby stay up late so that they sleep later into the morning. Their internal clocks won’t be fooled, and they'll end up cranky. Zippered lingerie bags aren't just convenient for women. You can also wash your infant's socks in these bags to avoid losing them.sponsored Advertisement "


what does stringbuffer do

ed. The principal operations on a String Buffer are the append and insert methods, which are overloaded so as to accept data of any type. Each effectively converts a given datum to a string and then appends or inserts the characters of that string to the string buffer.

"All Implemented Interfaces: Serializable, Appendable, Char Sequencepublic final class String Buffer extends Object implements Serializable, Char Sequence A thread-safe, mutable sequence of characters. A string buffer is like a String, but can be modified. At any point in time it contains some particular sequence of characters, but the length and content of the sequence can be changed through certain method calls. String buffers are safe for use by multiple threads. The methods are synchronized where necessary so that all the operations on any particular instance behave as if they occur in some serial order that is consistent with the order of the method calls made by each of the individual threads involv

The append method always adds these characters at the end of the buffer; the insert method adds the characters at a specified point. For example, if z refers to a string buffer object whose current contents are "" start "", then the method call z.append (""le"") would cause the string buffer to contain "" startle "", whereas z.insert (4, ""le"") would alter the string buffer to contain "" starlet "". In general, if sb refers to an instance of a String Buffer , then sb.append (x) has the same effect as sb.insert (sb.length (), x) . Whenever an operation occurs involving a source sequence (such as appending or inserting from a source sequence) this class synchronizes only on the string buffer performing the operation, not on the source. Every string buffer has a capacity. As long as the length of the character sequence contained in the string buffer does not exceed the capacity, it is not necessary to allocate a new internal buffer array. If the internal buffer overflows, it is automatically made larger. As of release JDK 5, this class has been supplemented with an equivalent class designed for use by a single thread, String Builder. The String Builder class should generally be used in preference to this one, as it supports all of the same operations but it is faster, as it performs no synchronization. Since: JDK1.0See Also: String Builder, String, Serialized Form "


danny phantom the ultimate enemy game

!Danny Phantom: The Ultimate Enemy is a video game for the Game Boy Advance console. The game itself is based on an episode of the television series Danny Phantom which is titled "" The Ultimate Enemy .

Danny Phantom: The Ultimate Enemy

"Danny Phantom: The Ultimate Enemy Platform (s)Game Boy Advance Product Information Release Date NA: September 8, 2005 EU: May 26, 2006Previous Next Nicktoons: Movin' Nicktoons Unite

"" The player takes control of Danny Phantom on his adventure to save Amity Park from his greatest enemy, Dan Phantom, who is his alternate future self ten years from the present. Contents [ show]Plotline The story opens up ten years in the future in a devastated and destroyed Amity Park. A rogue ghost tears down the city's powerful ghost shield with a mysterious power called the Ghostly Wail. An adult Valerie Gray appears to stop the ghost, and the ghost is revealed to be Dan Phantom, Danny Phantom's evil older self. Somewhere in the Ghost Zone, two ghosts called the Observants have taken notice of the destruction of Amity Park and comment on how powerful Dark Danny is. A ghost named Clockwork states that "" Danny will become a threat to us all ."" Clockwork then decides that he will make sure that Danny never becomes evil. Back in present day Casper High, Danny is worrying about the upcoming C. A. T. since he has not had much time to study due to ghost fighting. Sam then appears and tells Danny that ghosts are inside the school. Tucker comments that Danny will grow up to be a ghost hunter and Danny replies that "" a ghost hunter isn't a real career path . ""After defeating the ghosts in the school, Danny returns home to Fenton Works where Jazz suggests that Danny get to work studying. Danny retorts saying, "" You're brilliant and I'm stupid and I'll never be able to get as high a score on my C. A. T. as you did ."" A ghost suddenly appears behind Danny and Danny yells for Jazz to get out of his room, despite being in the kitchen. Jazz gets the hint and leaves so Danny can fight the ghost. The ghost then reveals herself to be Box Lunch, the daughter of the Box Ghost and the Lunch Lady Ghost. Danny finds this realization very disturbing ("" Eww. That's just gross! "") and defeats her but destroys the Nasty Burger in the process by causing the Nasty Sauce to explode. Danny finds a curious medallion Box Lunch left behind when she disappeared. Danny also accidentally phased through Mr. Lancer 's briefcase where Lancer was keeping the C. A. T. answer booklet and after finding the booklet stuck to his back, realizes this is the answer to all of his studying problems. Meanwhile the Observers comment on this development revealing that they planted the test answers for Danny to find. The Observers are convinced Danny will become evil, but Clockwork insists otherwise. The Observers also notice the fact that Danny has discovered Box Lunch's time immunity medallion. Back in Danny's room, Tucker examines the medallion. Sam decides that the medallion seems futuristic and then asks Danny what he plans to do with the exam answers he found. Before Danny can debate about it, a ghost named Skulktech 9.9 (the future Skulker and Technus combined) appears. Danny then transforms into Danny Phantom and tells Sam and Tucker to find out what they can about the medallion while he goes to fight the ghost. After Skulk Tech 9.9 introduces himself, Tucker comments he can hack into the ghost to stop him. Skulk Tech 9.9 leads the battle back to the Nasty Burger and comments that although ""The Pummeler"" does not work on Danny in the future, it will surely work in the present time. Danny is confused by this but he battles and defeats the ghost. Using Skulk Tech 9.9's time immunity medallion, Danny, Sam, and Tucker arrive in Clockwork's lair where Clockwork reveals himself as the master of time and battles Danny. The trio then determines Danny's turning point was cheating on the C. A. T. Clockwork explains that in the future, Danny has completely lost his humanity. Clockwork states he tried to change Danny's past, but since that did not work out, he'll simply have to kill Danny. Danny, Sam, and Tucker then escape to the future. The trio are surprised to see Amity Park in a state of ruin and then come across the future Valerie. Not realizing Danny is from the past, Valerie mistakes him for being Dark Danny in disguise and attacks him until Sam and Tucker stop her. Valerie is shocked by seeing them and reveals that in the future they are both dead and claims it was all Danny's fault. The real Dark Danny then appears and claims responsibility for Sam and Tucker's deaths. Valerie tries to stop him but is defeated. Danny tries to save her but is too late. Valerie says that she forgot how cute younger Danny was. And then she passed out. Danny urges Sam and Tucker to take off the time immunity medallions and return to the present before Dark Danny can harm them. Danny is about to do the same when Dark Danny fuses the time immunity medallion inside Danny's body, trapping him in the future. Danny and Dark Danny fight, but Dark Danny then throws Danny into the Ghost Zone in hopes that Danny will never escape. In the Ghost Zone, Danny realizes his only hope to get back to the present is to find Vlad Masters and pray that he can fix this mess. After finding Vlad's ghost portal however, Danny accidentally stumbles across Walker and his police force and fights them. Danny finds an older Vlad on the other side of the portal and Vlad explains what happened ten years ago and how Dark Danny was created using the Ghost Gauntlets. Danny then asks for Vlad to use the Ghost Gauntlets to remove the time immunity medallion from his body so he can defeat Dark Danny and set everything right again. Vlad argues that doing such a thing might kill Danny, but Danny comments that he's sure that Vlad can do it. After his friends and family were killed by his alter ego, he had to live with Vlad. Surprisingly, instead of trying to hurt Danny he sympathized with his pain. After much mental suffering, he wanted the ghost side of him ripped out of his body. It was successfully done, but the ghost was evil and ripped out Vlad's ghost as well. Then the two merged together, and seeing as they didn't need Danny's body anymore, that blew up Vlad's mansion, killing Danny and destroying everything. Dark Danny was born. After Vlad successfully removes the medallion, Danny returns to the present and rushes to the Nasty Burger to have one final confrontation with his older self. Danny uses the Ghostly Wail, much to Dark Danny's surprise, and traps Dark Danny in the Fenton Thermos. Danny is about to go save his family when he realizes he cannot transform into Danny Phantom. Clockwork appears however and sets everything right again. At school, Danny turns the C. A. T. answer booklet in to Mr. Lancer and Mr. Lancer decides to allow Danny to take the make-up exam the following week. Ghosts Boxer Ghost Looming Ghost El Matador Bat Ghost Devil Ghost Dragon Ghost Ghouly Ghost Splatter Ghost Scaredy Ghost Frankenfish Ghost Police Box Ghost Lunch Lady Ghost Skulker Nicholai Technus Dan Phantom Skulktech 9.9Walker Box Lunch Ember Mc Lain Clockwork Vlad Plasmius Meat Monster Hidden Ghost Angry Ghost Fright Knight Johnny 13Kitty Observants 1,2Mission Mode This plot line is not in the show's episode. It also contains more characters from around the TV series, though they never appeared in their original form (not the 10-years-into-the-future form) in the episode of which the game is based. After completing the main game, if the player selects the file they finished, Clockwork will tell Danny that what he has done still has not changed the future and Danny still becomes Dark Danny. Danny comments, "" That's ridiculous. We stopped the explosion!? "" Clockwork then tells Danny he must go back to Casper High during the time he fought Box Lunch and figure out why the future is still happening. Upon completing all missions in mission mode, the source of the problem is revealed to be none other than Vlad Masters; Danny's half-ghost arch-enemy. Vlad explains that Dark Danny came to see him and said "" he wanted a little insurance in case the explosion was ever prevented . ""After defeating Vlad, Clockwork says that everything will be just fine in the future for Danny now. Clockwork warns Danny though that the smallest thing could start the whole thing over again and Danny realizes it is his own responsibility to make sure this never happens again. Trivia The game can be finished in a minimum of approximately 2 hours and 30 minutes. Site navigation V - E - H - D Merchandise for Danny Phantom DVDs Danny Phantom: The Complete Series | Danny Phantom: Season 1 DVD | Danny Phantom: Season 2 DVD | Danny Phantom: Season 3 DVDBooks & comics Nickelodeon Magazine | Stage Fright Video games Danny Phantom: The Ultimate Enemy | Danny Phantom: Urban Jungle | Nicktoons Android Invasion | Nicktoons: Attack of the Toybots | Nicktoons Basketball | Nicktoons: Battle for Volcano Island | Nicktoons Freeze Frame Frenzy | Nicktoons MLB | Nicktoons: Movin' | Nicktoons Nitro | Nicktoons Unite! | Nicktoons Winners Cup Racing | Sponge Bob Square Pants featuring Nicktoons: Globs of Doom Other Danny Phantom Ghost Zone | Video Now Discs | Nicktoons Collection: Volume 3 (GBA)Categories: A to Z Merchandise Danny Phantom video games "