designing women cast member who played mark twain

16. Hal Holbrook, Designing Women “He is serious, and I am perceived as giddy,” said Dixie Carter of her husband, Hal Holbrook. It was an odd couple of sorts: Carter became famous in sitcoms, whereas Holbrook (best known for his one-man show Mark Twain Tonight!) was one of the most acclaimed dramatic actors of his generation.

Take your significant other to work day: 32 actors who popped up on their other halvesâ sitcoms

Inventory Take your significant other to work day: 32 actors who popped up on their other halves’ sitcoms Stephen Bowie, Josh Modell, Molly Eichel, Caroline Framke, Phil Dyess-Nugent, Erik Adams, Sean O'Neal, Todd Van Der Werff, Sonia Saraiya, Les Chappell, Alasdair Wilkins, Marah Eakin, and Mike Vago5/12/14 12:00am Filed to: TV2221. Mila Kunis, Two And A Half Men Being on a long-running sitcom has plenty of benefits for an actor. The pay is good, and the hours are relatively consistent and short. But it can also become a drag to play the same character year after year, to deliver the same punchlines or catchphrases. Perhaps that’s why so many sitcoms try to liven things up by having the stars’ spouses or significant others drop by for an episode or two. Take, for instance, a recent episode of Two And A Half Men, in which Ashton Kutcher’s girlfriend (and possible fiancée and definite former co-star on That ’ 70s Show) Mila Kunis dropped by to play a new love interest for Kutcher’s character. The very weird, very self-referential episode seemed to double as a kooky defense of why Kutcher and Kunis are so intent on keeping their relationship private—a discussion held, naturally enough, in front of a TV audience that numbers in the millions.2-3. David Arquette and Brad Pitt, Friends The appearances by significant others on Friends perfectly encapsulate the two types of cameos these performances usually fall into: One plays a part that could conceivably go to any guest, while the other is a wink and a nod at the real world. In “The One With The Jam,” David Arquette, then-husband of Courteney Cox, plays a stalker obsessed with Phoebe’s twin and arch-nemesis, Ursula. Did Arquette bring anything singular to this role? Not really. Was he a serviceable guest star? Sure! But the role Brad Pitt played in “The One With The Rumor” is made all the better by his very high-profile marriage to then-wife Jennifer Aniston. Pitt plays a formerly fat acquaintance from the Geller/Green Long Island days who hated Rachel so intensely he started the “I Hate Rachel Green Club.” The only other member was Ross, and the club’s main action was starting a successful rumor that Rachel had a “teeny weeny.” Even prep-schooler Chandler knew about it: “Wait a minute, we heard that rumor in my high school! You were the hermaphrodite cheerleader from Long Island?”4. Helen Hunt, The Simpsons Hank Azaria and Helen Hunt’s off-screen relationship spawned a couple of onscreen ones, including Azaria’s Emmy-nominated guest appearances on Hunt’s Mad About You as her dog walker. But their only fictional pairing infused with real-life chemistry—their lobster stuffed with tacos, if you will—came on The Simpsons, when Hunt turned up as the one woman who finally found something to love about Azaria’s crude, cauliflower-faced Moe Szyslak. By the time they recorded “Dumbbell Indemnity,” Hunt and Azaria had been dating for a few years, and their palpable rapport eased the suspension of disbelief that a sweet flower vendor could fall for someone like Moe, even with the help of a Diners Club card. Hunt and Azaria wed not long after the episode aired, though their marriage lasted just slightly longer than their characters’ cartoon fling.5. Amy Poehler, Arrested Development Arrested Development was always fond of the joke that landed in more ways than one: “S. O. B.s” (“Save Our Bluths”) is both a send-up of the Bluth family and a bald-faced plea by the show’s writers where Jason Bateman’s sister Justine dropped by for an episode in which she may or may not have been Michael Bluth’s long-lost sibling. Amy Poehler guest-starred on the show as the wife of GOB Bluth (played by her then-husband, Will Arnett); they get hitched due to “a series of escalating dares.” GOB never learns her name, the pair only consummate their marriage minutes before they divorce, and she falls in love with his brother-in-law. She and GOB also both conspire (accidentally) to get his brother’s hand bitten off. Hopefully, the actors’ actual marriage had little in common with their romance on the show.6-7. Megan Mullally and Will Arnett, Parks And Recreation With its seemingly infinite base of townspeople and various government officials, Parks And Recreation is practically made for guest stars, particularly ones who are a bit of an in-joke to fans. That’s the case with Megan Mullally, who’s appeared a number of times on the show as “Tammy 2,” Ron Swanson’s second wife named Tammy. The hellcat of a librarian is Swanson’s Kryptonite, something that’s probably true to a lesser extent in Mullally and Nick Offerman’s real-life relationship. Amy Poehler’s then-husband, Will Arnett, also appeared on a season-two episode of Parks playing Chris, an MRI technician Poehler’s Leslie Knope goes on an absolutely abysmal date with.8. Nick Offerman, Will & Grace Parks And Recreation wasn’t the first time Nick Offerman and Megan Mullally have guest-starred on each other’s TV series. In the fourth-season Will & Grace episode “Moveable Feast,” Mullally’s Karen Walker learns her incarcerated husband Stan wants her to have a healthy sex life while he’s in prison, and gives her carte blanche to have an affair. She idly hopes for “a big, swarthy, hunky working-class kind of guy” to fulfill her fantasies, and gets it once Offerman shows up at Will’s mother’s house as Nick the plumber. Mullally’s own affection for her real-life husband clashes with her character’s conflicted feelings about adultery, leading to a hilariously awkward flirtation as she suggests he “talk dirty” to a bolt to loosen it, offers him lemonade that turns out to be gin, and alternately kisses and slaps him as she tries to decide what she wants. It’s a highlight of the main quartet’s rushed Thanksgiving extravaganza, particularly the sight gag of Karen rushing out the door with his tool belt still in her hands.9. William H. Macy, Sports Night Sports Night, an ensemble-cast series featuring Felicity Huffman as the executive producer of a Sports Center -like news show, dates from the Golden Age of Aaron Sorkin, when it was still a bit of a shock to see actors on a TV show making long speeches and trading intricately crafted repartee. So a stage-trained actor like William H. Macy, with his extensive background in the plays of David Mamet, would fit right in even if he hadn’t happened to be married to Huffman. (The two first appeared together onscreen in a 1992 cable-TV movie of Mamet’s The Water Engine, and were married five years later.) Having reeled Macy in for a recurring role during the show’s second season, Sorkin also managed to include an inside joke: Sports Night was one of those critically beloved but perennially low-rated shows that inspire anguished think pieces devoted to the question of why they aren’t more popular, and Macy played a “ratings advisor” sent by the network to drive Huffman’s character crazy with his narrow focus on the bottom line.10. Philip Ober, I Love Lucy Lucille Ball and Desi Arnaz remain perhaps the most iconic on-and-off-screen couple in television history, but there was another married pair on I Love Lucy. Philip Ober, the husband of Vivian Vance (who played Lucy’s pal, Ethel Mertz), was a bald, square-jawed character actor who usually played generals and executives. He appeared on his wife’s show twice, in the first season’s “The Quiz Show” and later in an unbilled cameo as movie executive Dore Schary (after Schary opted not to play himself). But these actors weren’t cooing lovebirds on the set: Ober, envious of his wife’s success, hung around the studio, hoping to get work and confusing the live audiences used to seeing Vance with her TV husband, William Frawley. Lucille Ball thought Ober “wasn’t fun to be around,” and director William Asher said, “There were other parts Phil could have done but we used actors from the stock group we had instead.” Allegedly, Ober was physically abusive, and Vance divorced him in 1959.11. Michael Ansara, I Dream Of Jeannie Michael Ansara, who died in 2013 at 91, played multiple iconic roles in genre television across his six-decade career, including Cochise on the western Broken Arrow, the villainous Kane on Buck Rogers In The 25th Century, the tragic Mr. Freeze on Batman: The Animated Series, and, above all, the Klingon Commander Kang on Star Trek. Slightly less well-remembered are his three guest appearances on I Dream Of Jeannie, on which his then-wife Barbara Eden played the title character. Two of his guest spots played upon the pair’s off-screen romance, though not always in good ways. His first appearance was as the Blue Djinn, the evil being that had imprisoned the then-human Jeannie in a bottle when she refused to marry him some 2,000 years ago. By season five, Jeannie and Larry Hagman’s Tony were officially a couple, and Jeannie’s sister—also called Jeannie and played by Eden in a brunette wig—tries to break up the relationship by impersonating her sister and romancing another handsome officer (named Biff Jellico, no less) played by Ansara. He also shows up in the third season as King Kamehameha, the revered Hawaiian king who decides to reconquer his former kingdom.12. Louis Malle, Murphy Brown Candice Bergen and Louis Malle tied the knot in 1980 and remained married until the director’s death on Thanksgiving Day 1995, but the only time they worked together onscreen was on Bergen’s long-running CBS series, Murphy Brown. In the episode, Malle, playing himself, decides to film a political thriller a stone’s throw from the FYI offices and studio, but while newscasters Frank Fontana and Corky Sherwood giddily hope to score a cameo in hopes of meeting the film’s stars—the never-seen Julia Roberts and Armand Assante—Murphy and the ever-conservative Jim Dial are just annoyed by how such film appearances sully the credibility of journalism. Murphy’s mindset changes when she gets word that the producers have offered her “a small but pivotal role” in the movie. (“In fact, they said I’m a plot point,” Murphy adds. “I’m not sure what that means, but I think it means they can’t cut me out of the movie!”) After successfully surviving a battle with the president of the network about the part, however, Murphy ends up making the mistake of meeting with Malle to request some changes to the script, ultimately getting him so frustrated with her demands he fires her and strolls away muttering, “I pity the man who lives with her !”13. Nancy Carell, The Office The relationship between Steve and Nancy Carell (née Walls) is rooted in comedy: The couple met at The Second City in Chicago, where Steve was an instructor and Nancy was a student. (His first move, according to a 2013 Details interview: “If I were to ever ask someone out, it would be someone like you.” Her response: “If somebody like you were to ask me out, I would definitely go out with him.”) From there, the Carells served simultaneously as correspondents for The Daily Show, setting the course for future married fake newspeople Samantha Bee and Jason Jones. Fortunately, their real-life connection is stronger than the fictional one they later forged on the American version of The Office: As real-estate agent Carol Stills, Nancy factored into the first of Michael Scott’s many ill-fated love affairs. It was destined to be a short-lived fling, with Carol arriving in Michael’s life before the character was mature or self-aware enough not to Photoshop himself into a ski-trip snapshot with another man’s children. It’s a classic TV example of a married couple inverting their natural rapport to play characters whose attraction merely repels—though most of that has to do with Steve Carell’s paper-selling manager being clueless about such dating customs as the appropriate time to propose to your girlfriend (not on the fourth date).14. Amber Tamblyn, The Increasingly Poor Decisions Of Todd Margaret For the role of David Cross’ non-girlfriend on his vastly underrated The Increasingly Poor Decisions Of Todd Margaret, Cross cast his actual girlfriend—now wife—Amber Tamblyn. In a funny twist, Tamblyn is introduced via a scene in which Cross is basically trying to dump her, only to have her turn the tables and explain the situation: She slept with him a couple of weeks prior, and she’s regretted it ever since—it doesn’t make them a couple. Tamblyn also shows up briefly later on the show as a disembodied voice on a TV news report. (Tamblyn’s father, Russ appears in the series as well.)15. Brett Somers, The Odd Couple Brett Somers, an actress best known as a regular Match Game panelist, married Jack Klugman in 1953. Between 1971 and 1973, she made five guest appearances on The Odd Couple as Blanche, the wisecracking ex-wife of Klugman’s character, Oscar Madison. Blanche bounced insults off her ex’s head but remained fond enough of him to pretend that they were still married when his mother came to visit. After Klugman and Somers separated in 1974, Blanche was not seen again for the last two years of the series. The couple never divorced, however, and they were still technically husband and wife when Somers died in 2007.

The pair met on a TV-movie set in 1980 and married four years later, just before Carter began her signature role as sharp-tongued Julia Sugarbaker on Designing Women. Although his appearances were sparing (only nine in four years), Holbrook played Julia’s acerbic attorney boyfriend Reese Watson, trading barbs with her in a way that mimicked their real-life chemistry. Holbrook became a member of the Designing Women family in another way: “Whenever I write for Hal, I think of my father,” said Linda Bloodworth-Thomason, who cast him in a larger role in her next series, Evening Shade. With the actor no longer available for Designing Women, Bloodworth-Thomason killed off Reese via an off-screen heart attack. In real life, Holbrook (seen recently on Rectify) outlived Carter, who died of cancer in 2010.17. Ron Leibman, Archer Acclaimed stage actor and writer Ron Leibman has worked with his wife Jessica Walter on several occasions, including in the Neil Simon play Rumors and in the 2002 film Dummy. Yet for many TV fans, his most enduring work with the woman he’s been married to for more than 3o years will be as Ron Cadillac, Cadillac King of New York City and husband of Walter’s Archer character, Malory Archer. Introduced in season four as a character whose sole joke was to be sort of lame (except when he was unexpectedly awesome), Ron Cadillac has been a divisive character for Archer fans, but it’s clear when hearing Leibman toss his lines into Archer ’s mix that he’s getting a kick out of playing the husband who’s increasingly been a thorn in the side of both Malory and her son Sterling. The chemistry between Leibman and Walters’ animated versions is weirdly endearing.18. Tracy Pollan, The Michael J. Fox Show The Michael J. Fox Show was one of several attempts made by NBC last season to lure viewers back with familiar faces. So why not double down on the formula by bringing in familiar guest stars? From one week to the next, Fox was joined by fellow ’80s sitcom stars Candice Bergen and Malcolm-Jamal Warner, Back To The Future co-star Christopher Lloyd, and a parade of “as himself” cameos that included Sting and New Jersey Governor Chris Christie. But the most familiar guest star (at least to Fox himself) was his wife, Tracy Pollan, whom viewers may remember as Alex P. Keaton’s girlfriend from Family Ties. (The two married shortly after that show went off the air). Pollan dropped by as a woman in Fox’s building whom he developed a crush on, only to be forced to set her up with his friend, because Fox’s character was married. Aw, shucks.19-20. Suzanne Rhatigan and Judy Pascoe, Red Dwarf The premise of this British sci-fi sitcom, which involves its four central characters—the human Lister, the hologram Rimmer, the android Kryten, and the (somewhat) intelligent cat Cat—being stranded three million years in the future and in deep space, offers limited opportunities for guest appearances by the cast’s significant others. So when the 1991 episode “Camille” featured a pleasure GELF (Genetically Engineered Life Form) who would appear to people as whoever they desired most, Red Dwarf made the most of the opportunity. Craig Charles’ then-girlfriend, Irish singer-songwriter Suzanne Rhatigan, played the version of Camille seen by his character Lister, while Judy Pascoe, the future wife of Kryten actor Robert Llewellyn, put on an incredible amount of prosthetic makeup to appear as another android, specifically one with luxury extras like realistic toes and a slide-back sunroof head. Kryten and Camille’s romance drives the episode, even after Camille reveals her true blob-like form, for as Kryten explains: “It’s the old, old story. Droid meets droid. Droid becomes chameleon. Droid loses chameleon, chameleon becomes blob, droid gets blob back again. It’s a classic tale.” Also, there’s a Casablanca parody. Red Dwarf was just that sort of show.21. Paul Scheer, Burning Lov e At this point, it’s less surprising to encounter June Diane Raphael and Paul Scheer doing comedy together than it is to realize that they’re married. The pair host the popular podcast How Did This Get Made?, and co-star on both Scheer’s Adult Swim spoof NTSF: SD: SUV and the upcoming Hulu series, The Hotwives Of Orlando. Lumping the two together, though, does a disservice to the fact that both Scheer and Raphael are each masters of their own distinctive brands of comedy. So while it’s fun to experience the Scheer-Raphaels together every week on How Did This Get Made? and NTSF, it’s even more interesting when they pop up on each other’s separate projects. Raphael’s season of Burning Love featured her husband as party-starter Robby Z, who demonstrated what it would look like if people actually liked Scheer’s character on The League. Later, in an inspired and completely weird turn, Raphael guest-starred on Scheer’s reenactment of The Arsenio Hall Show ( The Ar Scheerio Paul Show) as a defiant Andrew Dice Clay.22. Bradley Whitford, Malcolm In The Middle Bradley Whitford was not the only marquee name featured in the post-Super Bowl episode of Malcolm In The Middle, his then-wife Jane Kaczmarek’s regular gig. In the tradition of post-Super Bowl ratings gambits, the two-part “Company Picnic” also hosted Heidi Klum, Magic Johnson, Terry Bradshaw, Christina Ricci, Tom Green, and Susan Sarandon, who was nominated for an Emmy for her role (but lost out to regular Malcolm guest star Cloris Leachman). Whitford and Sarandon play husband and wife, a crazy couple weirding out the always-harried Lois (Kaczmarek), who is already dealing with a sugar-rushed Dewey at Hal’s company picnic. While Whitford holds his own in the packed episode, Sarandon is clearly the focus of their scenes together, a storyline that culminates in a mud-wrestling match between Whitford’s real-life wife and his and onscreen one.23. Rhea Perlman, Taxi Like her fellow co-stars Ted Danson and George Wendt, Rhea Perlman came to the attention of Cheers co-creators Glen and Les Charles thanks to a guest-starring role on Taxi. Introduced in season two’s “Louie And The Nice Girl,” kind-hearted candy machine operator Zena Sherman was the tonal opposite of Cheers waitress Carla Tortelli—and the tonal opposite of Louie De Palma, played by Perlman’s real-life boyfriend of several years, Danny De Vito. Zena became Louie’s first serious girlfriend, and the real-life affection between the two managed to coax rare bits of vulnerability out of the surly dispatcher in each of her five episodes. When Zena was involved, Louie’s tears were real, and his thoughts on relationships were far less crass, even though she couldn’t smooth out all of his rough edges. Those edges eventually became too much for even Zena’s forgiving nature, though the relationship ended on an oddly beautiful note: Louie ambushed her honeymoon cruise, and after trying to strangle her new husband, he finally managed to get the right words out: “You were the best thing that ever happened to me… and I let you go.” Despite talk of a 2012 breakup, De Vito and Perlman remain together to this day.25. Brooke Adams, Wings Tony Shalhoub and Brooke Adams first met when they co-starred on Broadway in the 1988 play The Heidi Chronicles. They married in 1992, and subsequently worked together on several episodes of Shalhoub’s series, Monk . Their initial joint on-camera appearance, however, came while they were still dating, during the final season of NBC’s Wings. Adams guest-starred in the sitcom’s Christmas episode as Sister Mary, a nun who catches a ride from cab driver Antonio Scarpacci (Shalhoub), with the initial gag being that Antonio doesn’t realize that she’s a nun. Thus, he offers to take her to the hottest singles bar in Nantucket, but she soon admits that she’s on a mission to save someone… except that she doesn’t know who it is or where they are, because her mission is based something she saw in a dream. After far more driving around than any cabbie would want to do on Christmas Eve, Antonio reaches a point of frustration where he demands that Mary answer a quiz to prove that she actually is a nun. The big twist is that he’s the one she’s come to save, which—in the best sitcom Christmas-episode tradition—she does by reminding him to always have faith in himself.26-28. Alexis Denisof, Taran Killam, and David Burtka, How I Met Your Mother Fittingly for a series that was all about a man’s quest for matrimony, How I Met Your Mother was only too happy to have the spouses of its cast members pop up for small recurring parts. The first to appear was the husband of Alyson Hannigan (Lily), Alexis Denisof, who played an oily anchorman working with female lead Robin at her TV news job. (Denisof and Hannigan actually met and fallen in love on the set of her earlier show, Buffy The Vampire Slayer .) After that, Cobie Smulders, who played Robin, saw her boyfriend (now husband) Taran Killam drop by as the ever-irritating Gary Blauman. Finally, Neil Patrick Harris’ boyfriend (now husband) David Burtka completed the series’ spousal trifecta by popping up as Lily’s high school boyfriend Scooter. All three men returned a handful of times throughout the series, upping the show’s romantic cred.29-30. Jill Latiano and Morena Baccarin, It’s Always Sunny In Philadelphia This show has seen every permutation of the cast romance. Stars Rob Mc Elhenney and Kaitlin Olson began dating soon after the series began and married in 2008, while Charlie Day’s wife, Mary Elizabeth Ellis, is the show’s most frequent recurring player as the Waitress, a deeply unwilling object of Charlie’s affection. But as the focus of this list is guest stars, consider Glenn Howerton, whose wife, Jill Latiano, appears in “The D. E. N. N. I. S. System” as an innocent pharmacist Dennis romantically terrorizes with the titular system. It’s just the kind of story one would expect It’s Always Sunny to tell to toast a newly married couple, as Dennis takes Latiano’s Caylee on intentionally awful dates, makes threatening phone calls as some mystery assailant, and abandons her the second he has achieved maximum romantic dependence. Incidentally, this isn’t the only time one of Howerton’s significant others has had a role in the show; his college girlfriend, Firefly and Homeland star Morena Baccarin, appeared in the original, unaired pilot as a trans woman Mac falls for, though the part was recast when the show went to series. (Their former relationship is also why Howerton has a 10-second cameo in Serenity .)31-32. Tom Arnold, Roseanne, and Roseanne Barr, The Jackie Thomas Show The relationship between TV writer Tom Arnold and TV’s biggest star, Roseanne, briefly fascinated the American public in the mid-’90s, to the degree that ABC thought it would be a good idea for Arnold, who had no prior acting experience, to turn up on Roseanne. According to his Random Roles interview , Arnold says it was Roseanne who saved his acting career by telling him to proceed with a swagger he hadn’t precisely earned. It worked, and Arnold was soon recurring frequently and a popular enough presence to earn a series of his own, The Jackie Thomas Show, which aired after Roseanne and starred, among others, Martin Mull and Paul Feig. Roseanne herself dropped by the show a couple of times—once as her Roseanne character and once as someone else—but it wasn’t enough to save Jackie Thomas, whose ratings eventually tanked once interest in the couple inevitably faded. The relationship didn’t last either.


what is kodak real name

1 AMRapper Kodak Black, real name Dieuson Octave, pictured in album art above, has been transferred to South Carolina to face a sex charge. Photo: Facebook/Kodak Black After spending more than a month in prison “Lockjaw” rapper Kodak Black, real name Dieuson Octave, has been released, but he isn’t in the clear yet. The rapper was released from St. Lucie County jail in Florida on Monday only to be transferred to South Carolina to face a sex charge, the Sun Sentinel reports.

Kodak Black Released From Jail, Extradited To South Carolina To Face Sex Charge By Nicholas Mojica On 11/29/16 AT 9:5

“It does say that he has been turned over to South Carolina via the Florence County Sheriff’s Office,” said Bryan Beaty, head of the Public Office of Information at the St. Lucie County Sheriff’s Office. The rapper’s original jail sentence came after pleading no contest to a misdemeanor charge of possession of 20 grams or less of cannabis, plus a misdemeanor charge of use or possession of drug paraphernalia. Kodak was sentenced to spend 120 days behind bars. Due to time served in the month of August and September, he was allowed to be released at the end of November. As for the sex charge, the alleged incident occurred in February.“On or about Feb. 7, 2016, Octave is alleged to have engaged in the sexual battery of the victim at a hotel located at 2120 West Lucas Street, Florence, SC,” the Florence County Sheriff’s Office said in an August statement. At 19 years old, Kodak Black has been rapping since 2009 but saw his buzz grow in 2015 when “One Dance” rapper Drake posted a video of himself dancing along to Kodak’s song, “Skrt.” The rapper was then featured on French Montana’s 2016 song “Lockjaw” and was also named to XXL’s 2016 Freshman Class list. Although the rapper hasn’t spoken much about his jail time, a hip-hop producer Dubba-AA said he spoke to Kodak who said he would be coming home soon.


acetate definition

This is a form of the compound we will be discussing in this lesson: acetate. By definition, acetate is a type of anion, salt, or ester derived from the compound acetic acid. Let's break down this definition by looking at the three different forms of acetate. Acetate Has Many Forms... Keep in mind that as we go through each form of acetate, everything originates from the parent molecule acetic acid.

What is Acetate? - Definition, Properties & Formula

Your next lesson will play in 10 seconds Add to Timeline Autoplay 17K views Create an account to start this course today Try it free for 5 days!Create An Account Recommended Lessons and Courses for You Related Lessons Related Courses What is Amino Acid Residue? Alkyl Group: Definition & Overview Carboxyl Group: Definition & Structure What is Acetone? - Structure, Uses & Formula Lesson Transcript Instructor: Danielle Reid Danielle has taught middle school science and has a doctorate degree in Environmental Health Acetate is most often recognized as a compound derived from acetic acid. Forms of acetate can be found in products such as nail polish remover. In this lesson, you'll learn about acetate, its properties, and its formula. What Is an Acetate, Anyway? Do you remember the last time you took a trip to the grocery store to pick up a bag of salt and vinegar potato chips? Well, next time you do, look at the ingredient list for those chips - you will likely see the term 'sodium acetate.'

That is, by starting with acetic acid you can produce these various forms of acetate. Here are the three forms of acetate that we will discuss. Diagram 1: Different Forms of Acetate The first form is acetate as an anion. An anion is an atom that has a negative charge. An atom that is charged is called an ion. As we will see shortly, when acetic acid loses a proton (H), it will become charged. This charged species is called the acetate ion. The second form of acetate is a salt. In chemistry, a salt is created when two ions combine together. Just like we have all heard of the saying, 'opposites attract,' the same applies with ions used to make salts. When an anion (negatively charged atom) is attracted to a cation (positively charged atom), the end result is the formation of an ionic compound, or salt. Going back to acetic acid, when this compound loses a proton to form the acetate ion, it can bind to a cation, making a salt. Thus, the compound sodium acetate, commonly found in our potato chips, is formed from this process. As you can see below, the anion acetate is attracted to the cation sodium. This opposite attraction produces the sodium acetate molecule that contributes to the vinegar taste in that addicting bag of chips. Diagram 2: Chemical Reaction Used to Produce the Acetate Salt, Sodium Acetate The last form of acetate is an ester. No, not the holiday Easter or the name Esther, but the functional group ester. An ester is a type of compound that is made from a carboxylic acid whose hydroxyl (OH) group is replaced with an alkoxy (O-alkyl) group. Here we see ethyl acetate, which is used in products ranging from makeup to decaffeinated coffee. The alkoxy group in the ethyl acetate structure is circled. Diagram 3: Molecular Structure of the Acetate Ester, Ethyl Acetate Now that we know the different forms of acetate, let's look at the structure and formula of acetate. To unlock this lesson you must be a Study.com Member. Create your account Register for a free trial Are you a student or a teacher? I am a student I am a teacher


what are the ingredients in a cough drop typically

ed. Over the years, a variety of manufacturers have developed their own cough drop formulas. Each one has tried to improve the flavor and efficacy of their product. Raw Materials Cough drops have two categories of ingredients. One type makes up most of the cough drop while the other is the active, or functional, ingredients. The major portion of cough drops is made up of ingredients found in typical hard candy recipes. The essential ingredients include sugar, corn syrup, acids, colors, and flavors. Sugar is a disaccharide compound called sucrose.

Cough Drop

"Cough Drop A cough drop is medicinal tablet designed to deliver active ingredients which suppress or relieve the cough reflex. They are made just like hard candies; ingredients are mixed together, they are cooked, cooled, and packaged. First developed during the eighteenth century, cough drops have become a significant part of the $2 billion cough and cold market. Background Anyone who has gotten sick knows the sensation of a cough. It is a natural reflex that helps protect the body from infections. It plays an important role in clearing the throat and other air passages of secretions and irritating particles. These particles include dust, food, liquids, and mucus. A cough occurs in three distinct steps. It typically begins with a deep breath which draws air into the lungs. The vocal cords spontaneously close thereby sealing the windpipe. Next, the air is compressed by the tightening of the expiratory muscles. The vocal cords are suddenly opened and the air trapped in the lungs is rapidly expelled along with any foreign debris in the windpipe. Coughs associated with colds can be either productive or nonproductive. A productive cough helps clear the respiratory passages of the lung. A nonproductive cough is brought on by a minor irritation and has a limited benefit. It is the nonproductive cough that cough drops are designed to sooth or suppress. The are two types of active ingredients in a nonprescription cough drop including expectorants and cough suppressants. An expectorant is a material that aids in the removal of phlegm from the respiratory tract. It works by blocking the sensory nerves that are involved in triggering a cough. While many expectorants are available, data about their functionality is not. Some clinicians even question whether expectorants are effective. Antitussives, which are cough suppressants, work in a variety of ways affecting either the lungs, muscles, or brain. History Using syrups and herbal teas to control coughing has been known since antiquity. An ancient Hebrew text suggests the use of goat's milk for this reason. In the second century, Galen was perhaps the first to report an effective cough suppressant. Cough drops originally developed from candy. The first hard candies were produced during the fourth century. Since sugar was so expensive, these products were typically a luxury item available only to the rich. Over the years, sugar crops were planted in North America and throughout the world. Sugar refiners were established, and the price of sugar was reduced, making it available to everyone by the eighteenth century. While the active ingredients in a cough drop were known for centuries, it was not until the nineteenth century that the cough drop was born. One of the first mass-produced cough drops was the Smith Brothers cough drop. According to the company, James Smith was operating a restaurant when a journeyman introduced him to a formula for a cough candy. He mixed up a batch in his kitchen and was able to quickly sell them. Demand for his product grew and he began advertising in 1852. He enlisted the aid of his two sons who helped mix batches and sell them on the streets of Poughkeepsie, New York. They inherited the business in 1866 when James Smith died, and renamed the company Smith Brothers. During this time, they sold their cough drops in large glass bowls. To prevent imitators, they developed a unique package in 1872 that was filled at the factory. In 1922, menthol cough drops were introduc

It is obtained primarily from sugarcane or sugar beets by an extraction process. In a cough drop recipe, sugar crystals are usually used. Sugar is responsible for the physical structure of the cough drop along with its sweet taste and mouthfeel. Corn syrup is a main component of cough drops. It is a mixture of sugars that is composed of polysaccharides, dextrose, and maltose. The main reason it is used is to control the crystallization of sugar. It also provides some sweetness and body to the cough drop. Additionally, it reduces the formation of dust from sugar during the blending stage. To increase the visual appeal of the cough drop various dyes are added. In the United States, these dyes are strictly regulated by the government. Some that are allowed in food products include red dye #40, yellow dye #5, yellow dye #6, and blue dye #1. Natural colorants like caramel coloring are also used. Using only these colorants, the most popular cough drop colors, red and blue, can be produced. To cover the taste of the active ingredients, various flavoring ingredients are put into cough drop recipes. Both artificial and natural flavors are used. Artificial flavors are mixtures of aromatic chemicals like methyl anthranilate and ethyl caporate. Natural flavors are derived from fruits, berries, and honey. Acids such as citric, lactic, tartaric, and malic acid are also included to modify the flavor. Various active ingredients can be included in a cough drop recipe. As mentioned previously, these can be either expectorants or antitussives. Some common ingredients are volatile oils such as menthol or eucalyptus oil. Volatile oils, or essential oils, are obtained from parts of a plant through extraction or distillation processes. Menthol is typically isolated from the Mentha arvensis plant or distilled from peppermint oil. It may also be synthetically produced. Menthol has a cooling effect in the mouth that helps to relieve irritation. It is also thought to work as an expectorant. Eucalyptus oil is isolated from the eucalyptus plant. It is believed to have a medicinal effect functioning as an expectorant and a relief agent for minor mouth and throat irritations. Recently, companies have been including zinc in their cough drops. Certain evidence suggests that zinc may be beneficial in fighting symptoms of a cold. Vitamin C is another ingredient that has been included in some brands of cough drops. Other ingredients that may be found are herbals such as echinacea or ginko biloba. Peppermint oil, camphor, and sodium citrate have also been used. Design Cough drops, or lozenges, are usually sold as small, hard candy pieces that slowly release their medicine as they melt in the mouth. Chemically speaking, they are a supersaturated solution of water molecules, sugar, and corn syrup. They can be either grained (opaque) or nongrained (clear). While all cough drops are designed to sooth and relieve coughing, some have added ingredients to help fight colds, freshen breath, or clear nasal congestion. Certain cough drops have reduced active ingredients and are created specifically for children. There are a wide variety of flavors, the most popular of which are cherry, honey, and menthol. The Manufacturing Process The basic steps in producing a cough drop are mixing, cooking, cooling-working, forming, cooling, and packaging. Most manufacturers have an automated production line connected by a conveyor system. Mixing1 In this manufacturing step, the ingredients are combined in a large, stainless steel container by compounding personnel. Water is usually pumped directly in to the tank. The sugar, corn syrup, and certain other ingredients are then mixed until they are ready to be cooked. Cooking2 To produce the cough drop, the moisture level of the mixture must be reduced. Some cough drops have a moisture content as low as 0.5%. There are three types of cookers that are employed. Batch cooking involves a direct-fire cooker. In this method, the heat is applied to the mixture from below and the moisture evaporates into the air. Quicker methods use either a semicontinuous cooker or a continuous cooker that operates under low pressure conditions. In the semicontinuous process, the cough drop mixture is first boiled under atmospheric pressure and then pumped into a second kettle that is a vacuum chamber. It is then rapidly cooked and drawn off for working. Continuous cookers use a scraped-surface heat-exchanger which can cook the cough drop within a few seconds. Cooling and working3 After cooking, the cough drop mixture is conveyored to cooling slabs. It is cooled to facilitate incorporation of ingredients such as color, flavors, and active ingredients. The cooling slabs are composed of steel and have a built-in circulating water system. Candy plows are also involved. They move the mixture around so some of the hotter areas come in contact with the cooler surface of the slabs. As it cools, the mixture becomes plasticized and it looks like a workable mass similar to dough.4 At this point, the rest of the cough drop ingredients are added. They are poured onto the batch and machines pull and twist the mass, working the ingredients throughout. When everything is adequately combined, the batch is split off and sent through a sizing machine. These devices roll the batch into a cylindrically shaped mass and reduce the diameter to a suitable size. From here, the mass is fed into the forming machines. Forming5 Various forming machines are available. Typically, cough drops are tablet-shaped products. The cylindrical mass runs through this machine and is cut into smaller pieces. These pieces are then put into a die and stamped to produce the desired shape. The cough drops are then ejected from the die and moved to the finishing phases of production. Cooling and packaging6 The formed cough drops are rapidly cooled to ensure that they maintain their shape. This is done on a conveyor belt that is equipped with rapidly blowing air jets. From the cooling area, the cough drops are put into packaging. Many manufacturers wrap each cough drop in a wax paper package to prevent them from absorbing moisture from the air. A number of these are then put into a larger bag for final sales. Other manufacturers do not individually wrap their cough drops, but store them in a bulk package. These are typically a wax-coated box that is sealed. To prevent them from sticking together, bulk packaged cough drops are often coated. Quality Control As with all food and drug processing facilities, quality control begins by monitoring the characteristics of the incoming ingredients. These ingredients are taken to a quality control lab where they are tested to ensure they meet specifications. Tests include evaluation of the ingredient's physical properties such as appearance, color, odor, and flavor. Certain chemical properties of the ingredients may also be evaluated. Each manufacturer has their own tests that help certify that the incoming ingredients will produce a consistent cough drop. In addition to ingredient checks, the packaging is also inspected to ensure it meets the set specifications. After production, the characteristics of the final product such as appearance, flavor, texture, and odor are also carefully monitored. The usual test methods involve comparing the final product to an established standard. For example, to make sure the flavor is correct, a random sample may be taken and compared to some set standard. Other qualities such as appearance, texture, and odor may be evaluated by sensory panels, a group of specialists that are trained to determine small differences. In addition to sensory tests, other instrumental measurements are taken. The Future Cough drop recipes have changed little since they were first introduced. Most of the advancements have come in the design of the cookers and other processing equipment. It is expected that future improvements aimed at increasing the speed of production will continue to be found. Another area that will be expanded will be the addition of novel ingredients that may provide multiple benefits to the consumer. For example, some cough drop marketers have introduced vitamin C-containing products. These cough drops are intended not only to sooth a cough, but also relieve some of the symptoms of a cold. Where to Learn More Books Alikonis, J. Candy Technology. Westport, CT: AVI Publishing Co., 1979. Covington, T. Handbook of Nonprescription Drugs. Washington, DC: American Pharmaceutical Association, 1993. Mathlouthi, M. and P. Reiser, eds. Sucrose: Properties and Applications. London: Blackie and Sons, Ltd., 1995. Periodicals Friedman, M. ""As Temperatures Drop, Cough Remedies Flourish."" Adweek (February, 1989). Slezak, M. ""Warm Weather Cools Cough and Cold Sales."" Supermarket News (March 6, 1995).— Perry Romanowski "


vietnamese a happy new year

Vietnamese New Year 2019, Tet Nguyen Dan - New Year in Vietnam The Vietnamese New Year 2019 will be celebrated on 16th of February 2019 in Vietnamese culture. It is the most important day which is also called Tet ( short form of Tet Nguyen Dan) that is considered the most popular festival of the year in Vietnam.

The Tet day celebrated on the 1st day of Lunar month Calendar. Vietnamese New Year celebration is the longest holiday that can last up to 7 days. Happy New Year in Vietnam, Tet Nguyen Dan Tet Nguyen Dan / Vietnamese New Year is celebrated in the presence of spring which is based on the Chinese calendar, ordinarily has the date falling in January or February. Generally, New Year of Vietnamese celebrated on the same day of Chinese New Year, but except while the 1 hour time difference between China and Vietnam consequences in new moon occurring on different days and time. The Vietnamese New Year takes place from the 1st day of the Vietnamese calendar’s 1st month during at least the three days. Almost Vietnamese cleaning the house and prepare special Vietnamese New Year food on the holiday and. These foods include banh, banh day, chung, dried young bamboo soup, gio as well as sticky rice. Many people are habitual during Tet like visiting another person house (Friends, family, loved one, etc) on the first day of New Year and send many Tet / Vietnamese New Year wishes, ancestor worship, giving lucky money to elderly people and children, wishing New Year greetings as well as opening a shop. Vietnamese New Year 2019Vietnamese New year 2019 is also an occasion for family reunions and reunions. Every people and family members are start forgetting regarding the troubles of the past years as well as hope for a superior upcoming year. In addition to, they consider Tet or new year of Vietnamese to be the 1st day of spring along with the occasion is often called Hoi Xuan (Spring Festival).


what are some operating systems for computers

DOS - Disk Operating System - one of the first operating systems for the personal computer. When you turned the computer on all you saw was the command prompt which looked like c:\ >. You had to type all commands at the command prompt which might look like c:\>wp\wp.exe. This is called a command-line interface.

"Examples of Operating Systems There are many different operating systems. Each do the same thing: they control all input, processing and output. Click on the links to see examples of the desktop for the operating systems listed. These examples open in their own window. Click the X in the upper-right corner of the window to return to this page.

It was not very ""user friendly""Windows - The Windows operating system, a product of Microsoft, is a GUI (graphical user interface) operating system. This type of ""user friendly"" operating system is said to have WIMP features: W indows I cons M enus P ointing device (mouse)Mac OS - Macintosh, a product of Apple, has its own operating system with a GUI and WIMP features. Unix - Linux (the PC version of Unix) - Unix and Linux were originally created with a command-line interface, but recently have added GUI enhancements. * user-friendly is a relative term. The current GUI interfaces provided by Windows and Mac operating systems are more friendly than the previous DOS systems, but still require us to conform to their specifications (use of a keyboard or mouse instead of voice and/or hand-writing recognition). "

Ubuntu and Mint are some of the most popular. If you want to install a non-Windows operating system on your PC and actually use it, you should probably pick Linux. Linux is a Unix-like operating system, and there are other open-source operating systems like Free BSD out there. Free BSD uses a different kernel, but it uses much of the same software you’d find on a typical Linux distributions. The experience of using Free BSD on a desktop PC will be pretty similar. Chrome OSR

10 Alternative PC Operating Systems You Can Installby Chris Hoffman on June 4th, 2014Linux isn’t the only alternative PC operating system out there. Some alternative operating systems are developed by large corporations, while others are small projects worked on by hobbyists. We don’t recommend you install most of these on your actual PC. If you want to play with them, you may want to install a virtual machine program like Virtual Box or VMware Player and give them a whirl. Linux, Free BSD, and More RELATED: What Is a Linux Distro, and How Are They Different from One Another? No list of alternative PC operating systems could be complete without Linux. It’s the alternative PC operating system. Linux comes in many different flavors, known as Linux distributions.

ELATED: How Try Chrome OS in Virtual Box Before Buying a Chromebook Google’s Chrome OS is built on the Linux kernel, but it replaces the desktop and user-level software with a specialized desktop that can only run the Chrome browser and Chrome apps. Chrome OS isn’t really a general-purpose PC operating system — instead, it’s designed to be preinstalled on specialized laptops, known as Chromebooks. However, there are ways to install Chrome OS on your own PC. Steam OSRELATED: What Exactly Is a Steam Machine, and Do I Want One? Valve’s Steam OS is currently in beta. Technically, Steam OS is just a Linux distribution and includes much of the standard Linux software. However, Steam OS is being positioned as a new PC gaming operating system. The old Linux desktop is there underneath, but the computer boots to a Steam interface designed for living rooms. In 2015, you’ll be able to buy PCs that come with Steam OS preinstalled, known as Steam Machines. Valve will support you installing Steam OS on any PC you like — it’s just not anywhere near complete yet. Android RELATED: 4 Ways to Run Android on Your PC and Make Your Own “Dual OS” System Android also uses the Linux kernel, but practically everything else on Android is very different from typical Linux distributions. Originally designed for smartphones, you can now get Android laptops and even desktops. It’s no surprised that a variety of projects exist to run Android on traditional PCs — Intel even develops their own port of Android to PC hardware. It’s not an ideal operating system for your PC — it still doesn’t allow you to use multiple apps at the same time — but you could install it if you really wanted to. Mac OS XRELATED: The How-To Geek Guide to Hackintoshing – Part 1: The Basics Apple’s Mac OS X is preinstalled on Macs, but Macs are now just another type of PC with the same standard hardware inside. The only thing stopping you from installing Mac OS X on a typical PC is Apple’s license agreement and the way they limit their software. Mac OS X can run just fine on typical PCs if you can get around these restrictions. There’s a thriving community of people building PCs that run Mac OS X — known as hackintoshes — out there. Haiku Be OS was a lightweight PC operating system ported to the Intel x86 platform in 1998, but it wasn’t able to stand up to Microsoft’s Windows. Be Inc. eventually sued Microsoft, accusing them of pressuring Hitachi and Compaq to not release Be OS hardware. Microsoft settled out of court, paying $23.5 million to Be Inc. without admitting any guilt. Be Inc. was eventually acquired by Palm Inc. Haiku is an open-source reimplementation of Be OS that’s currently in alpha. It’s a snapshot of what might have been if Microsoft hadn’t used such ruthless business practices in the 90’s.e Com Station OS/2 was an operating system originally created by Microsoft and IBM. IBM continued development after Microsoft left it and OS/2 competed with MS-DOS and the original versions of Windows. Microsoft eventually won, but there are still old ATMs, PCs, and other systems using OS/2. IBM once marketed this operating system as OS/2 Warp, so you may know it by that name. IBM no longer develops OS/2, but a company named Serenity Systems has the rights to continue distributing it. They call their operating system e Com Station. It’s based on IBM’s OS/2 and adds additional applications, drivers, and other enhancements. This is the only paid operating system on this list aside from Mac OS X. You can still download a free demo CD to check it out. React OSReact OS is a free, open-source reimplementation of the Windows NT architecture. In other words, it’s an attempt to reimplement Windows as an open-source operating system that’s compatible with all Windows applications and drivers. React OS shares some code with the Wine project, which allows you to run Windows applications on Linux or Mac OS X. It’s not based on Linux — it wants to be an open-source operating system built just like Windows NT. (Modern consumer versions of Windows have been built on Windows NT since Windows XP. )This operating system is considered alpha. Its current goal is to become compatible with Windows Server 2003, so it has a long way to go. Syllable Syllable is an open-source operating system forked from Athe OS, which was originally intended to be an Amiga OS clone. It’s a lightweight operating system “in the tradition of the Amiga and Be OS, but built using many parts from the GNU project and Linux.” Like some of the other smaller operating systems here, it has only a handful of developers. Sky OSUnlike many of the other hobbyist operating systems here, Sky OS is proprietary and not open-source. You originally had to pay for access so you could use development versions of Sky OS on your own PC. Development on Sky OS ended in 2009, but the last beta version was made available as a free download in 2013. You can also install Free DOS — an open-source version of DOS — to relive the old DOS years. Image Credit: Travis Isaacs on Flickr, Theis Kofoed Hjorth on Flickr


what is the lowest point in netherlands

m) Highest Point: Vaalserberg at 1,056 feet (322 m) Lowest Point: Zuidplaspolder at -23 feet (-7 m) The Netherlands, officially called the Kingdom of the Netherlands, is located in northwest Europe. The Netherlands borders the North Sea to the its north and west, Belgium to the south and Germany to the east. The capital and largest city in the Netherlands is Amsterdam, while the seat of government and therefore most government activity is in the Hague.

Geography of the Netherlands

"Humanities ›Geography Geography of the Netherlands Learn All about the Kingdom of the Netherlands Share Flipboard Email Print The Netherlands flag has three equal horizontal bands of red (top), white, and blue; similar to the flag of Luxembourg; one of the oldest flags in constant use, originating with WILLIAM I, Prince of Orange, in the latter half of the 16th century. Source: CIA World Factbook, 2007by Amanda Briney Updated March 17, 2017Population: 16,783,092 (July 2010 estimate) Capital: Amsterdam Seat of Government: The Hague Bordering Countries: Germany and Belgium Land Area: 16,039 square miles (41,543 sq km) Coastline: 280 miles (451 k

In its entirety, the Netherlands is often called Holland, while its people are referred to as Dutch. The Netherlands is known for its low lying topography and dikes, as well as for its very liberal government. History of the Netherlands In the first century B. C. E., Julius Caesar entered the Netherlands and found that it was inhabited by various Germanic tribes. The region was then divided into a western portion that was inhabited mainly by Batavians while the east was inhabited by the Frisians. The western part of the Netherlands became a part of the Roman Empire. Between the 4th and 8th centuries, the Franks conquered what is today the Netherlands and the area was later given to the House of Burgundy and the Austrian Habsburgs. In the 16th century, the Netherlands were controlled by Spain but in 1558, the Dutch people revolted and in 1579, the Union of Utrecht joined the seven northern Dutch provinces into the Republic of the United Netherlands. During the 17th century, the Netherlands grew in power with its colonies and navy. However, the Netherlands eventually lost some of its importance after several wars with Spain, France and England in the 17th and 18th centuries. In addition, the Dutch also lost their technological superiority over these nations. In 1815, Napoleon was defeated and the Netherlands, along with Belgium, became a part of the Kingdom of the United Netherlands. In 1830, Belgium formed its own kingdom and 1848, King Willem II revised the Netherlands' constitution to make it more liberal. From 1849-1890, King Willem III ruled over the Netherlands and the country grew significantly. When he died, his daughter Wilhelmina became queen. During World War II, the Netherlands was continuously occupied by Germany beginning in 1940. As a result Wilhelmina fled to London and established a ""government in exile."" During WWII, over 75% of the Netherlands' Jewish population was killed. In May 1945, the Netherlands was liberated and Wilhelmina returned the country. In 1948, she abdicated the throne and her daughter Juliana was queen until 1980, when her daughter Queen Beatrix took the throne. Following WWII, the Netherlands grew in strength politically and economically. Today the country is a large tourist destination and most of its former colonies have gained independence and two (Aruba and the Netherlands Antilles) are still dependent areas. Government of the Netherlands The Kingdom of the Netherlands is considered a constitutional monarchy ( list of monarchs) with a chief of state (Queen Beatrix) and a head of government filling the executive branch. The legislative branch is the bicameral States General with the First Chamber and the Second Chamber. The judicial branch is made up of the Supreme Court. Economics and Land Use in the Netherlands The economy of the Netherlands is stable with strong industrial relations and a moderate unemployment rate. The Netherlands is also a European transportation hub and tourism is also increasing there. The largest industries in the Netherlands are agroindustries, metal and engineering products, electrical machinery and equipment, chemicals, petroleum, construction, microelectronics and fishing. Agricultural products of the Netherlands include grains, potatoes, sugar beets, fruits, vegetables and livestock. Geography and Climate of the Netherlands The Netherlands is known for its very low lying topography and reclaimed land called polders. About half of the land in the Netherlands is below sea level polders and dykes make more land available and less prone to flooding for the growing country. There are also some low hills in the southeast but none of them rise above 2,000 feet. The climate of the Netherlands is temperate and highly affected by its marine location. As a result, it has cool summers and mild winters. Amsterdam has a January average low of 33˚F (0.5˚C) and an August high of just 71˚F (21˚C). More Facts about the Netherlands • The official languages of the Netherlands are Dutch and Frisian • The Netherlands has large minority communities of Moroccans, Turks and Surinamese • The largest cities in the Netherlands are Amsterdam, Rotterdam, The Hague, Utrecht and Eindhoven To learn more about the Netherlands, visit the Netherlands section in Geography and Maps on this website. References Central Intelligence Agency. (27 May 2010). CIA - The World Factbook - Netherlands. Retrieved from: https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/nl.html Infoplease.com. (n.d.). Netherlands: History, Geography, Government, and Culture- Infoplease.com. Retrieved from: http://www.infoplease.com/ipa/A0107824.html United States Department of State. (12 January 2010). Netherlands. Retrieved from: http://www.state.gov/r/pa/ei/bgn/3204.htm Wikipedia.com. (28 June 2010). Netherlands - Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved from: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Netherlandscite "


how much ibuprofen can you take in a day

An Advil overdose can damage your stomach or intestines. The maximum amount of ibuprofen for adults is 800 milligrams per dose or 3200 mg per day (4 maximum doses). Use only the smallest amount of ibuprofen needed to get relief from your pain, swelling, or fever.

Advil

"Advil Generic Name: ibuprofen (EYE bue PROE fen) Brand Names: Advil Overview Side Effects Dosage Professional Interactions More Pregnancy Warnings Breastfeeding Warnings User Reviews Drug Images Support Group Q & ACompare Alternatives Pricing & Coupons What is Advil?

Advil (ibuprofen) is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID). Ibuprofen works by reducing hormones that cause inflammation and pain in the body. Advil is used to reduce fever and treat pain or inflammation caused by many conditions such as headache, toothache, back pain, arthritis, menstrual cramps, or minor injury. Advil is used in adults and children who are at least 6 months old.

Slideshow Top Truths About Narcotic Painkiller Meds Important information Advil can increase your risk of fatal heart attack or stroke, especially if you use it long term or take high doses, or if you have heart disease. Do not use this medicine just before or after heart bypass surgery (coronary artery bypass graft, or CABG). Advil may also cause stomach or intestinal bleeding, which can be fatal. These conditions can occur without warning while you are using ibuprofen, especially in older adults. Do not take more than your recommended dose. An Advil overdose can damage your stomach or intestines. Use only the smallest amount of medication needed to get relief from your pain, swelling, or fever. Before taking this medicine Advil can increase your risk of fatal heart attack or stroke, especially if you use it long term or take high doses, or if you have heart disease. Even people without heart disease or risk factors could have a stroke or heart attack while taking this medicine. Do not use this medicine just before or after heart bypass surgery (coronary artery bypass graft, or CABG). Advil may also cause stomach or intestinal bleeding, which can be fatal. These conditions can occur without warning while you are using ibuprofen, especially in older adults. You should not use Advil if you are allergic to ibuprofen, or if you have ever had an asthma attack or severe allergic reaction after taking aspirin or an NSAID. Ask a doctor or pharmacist if it is safe for you to take this medicine if you have:heart disease, high blood pressure, high cholesterol, diabetes, or if you smoke;a history of heart attack, stroke, or blood clot;a history of stomach ulcers or bleeding;asthma;liver or kidney disease;fluid retention; ora connective tissue disease such as Marfan syndrome, Sjogren's syndrome, or lupus. Taking Advil during the last 3 months of pregnancy may harm the unborn baby. Do not use this medicine without a doctor's advice if you are pregnant. It is not known whether ibuprofen passes into breast milk or if it could affect a nursing baby. Ask a doctor before using this medicine if you are breast-feeding. Do not give ibuprofen to a child younger than 6 months old without the advice of a doctor. How should I take Advil? Use Advil exactly as directed on the label, or as prescribed by your doctor. Do not use in larger amounts or for longer than recommended. Use the lowest dose that is effective in treating your condition. Do not take more than your recommended dose.

A child's dose of ibuprofen is based on the age and weight of the child. Carefully follow the dosing instructions provided with children's Advil for the age and weight of your child. Ask a doctor or pharmacist if you have questions. Take Advil with food or milk to lessen stomach upset. Shake the oral suspension ( liquid) well just before you measure a dose. Measure liquid medicine with the dosing syringe provided, or with a special dose-measuring spoon or medicine cup. If you do not have a dose-measuring device, ask your pharmacist for one. The Advil chewable tablet must be chewed before you swallow it. If you use this medicine long-term, you may need frequent medical tests. Store at room temperature away from moisture and heat. Do not allow the liquid medicine to freeze. Read all patient information, medication guides, and instruction sheets provided to you. Ask your doctor or pharmacist if you have any questions. See also: Dosage Information (in more detail)What happens if I miss a dose? Since Advil is used when needed, you may not be on a dosing schedule. If you are on a schedule, use the missed dose as soon as you remember. Skip the missed dose if it is almost time for your next scheduled dose. Do not use extra medicine to make up the missed dose. What happens if I overdose? Seek emergency medical attention or call the Poison Help line at 1-800-222-1222. Overdose symptoms may include nausea, vomiting, stomach pain, drowsiness, black or bloody stools, coughing up blood, shallow breathing, fainting, or coma. What should I avoid while taking Advil? Avoid drinking alcohol. It may increase your risk of stomach bleeding. Avoid taking aspirin while you are taking Advil. Avoid taking Advil if you are taking aspirin to prevent stroke or heart attack. Ibuprofen can make aspirin less effective in protecting your heart and blood vessels. If you must use both medications, take the Advil at least 8 hours before or 30 minutes after you take the aspirin (non-enteric coated form). Ask a doctor or pharmacist before using any cold, allergy, or pain medicine. Many medicines available over the counter contain aspirin or other medicines similar to ibuprofen. Taking certain products together can cause you to get too much of this type of medication. Check the label to see if a medicine contains aspirin, ibuprofen, ketoprofen, or naproxen. Advil side effects Get emergency medical help if you have signs of an allergic reaction to Advil: sneezing, runny or stuffy nose; wheezing or trouble breathing; hives; swelling of your face, lips, tongue, or throat. Get emergency medical help if you have signs of a heart attack or stroke: chest pain spreading to your jaw or shoulder, sudden numbness or weakness on one side of the body, slurred speech, leg swelling, feeling short of breath. Stop using Advil and call your doctor at once if you have:changes in your vision;shortness of breath (even with mild exertion);swelling or rapid weight gain;the first sign of any skin rash, no matter how mild;signs of stomach bleeding - bloody or tarry stools, coughing up blood or vomit that looks like coffee grounds;liver problems - nausea, upper stomach pain, itching, tired feeling, flu-like symptoms, loss of appetite, dark urine, clay-colored stools, jaundice (yellowing of the skin or eyes);kidney problems - little or no urinating, painful or difficult urination, swelling in your feet or ankles, feeling tired or short of breath;low red blood cells (anemia) - pale skin, feeling light-headed or short of breath, rapid heart rate, trouble concentrating; orsevere skin reaction - fever, sore throat, swelling in your face or tongue, burning in your eyes, skin pain followed by a red or purple skin rash that spreads (especially in the face or upper body) and causes blistering and peeling. Common Advil side effects may include:upset stomach, mild heartburn, nausea, vomiting;bloating, gas, diarrhea, constipation;dizziness, headache, nervousness;mild itching or rash; orringing in your ears. This is not a complete list of side effects and others may occur. Call your doctor for medical advice about side effects. You may report side effects to FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088. See also: Side effects (in more detail)What other drugs will affect Advil? Ask your doctor before using Advil if you take an antidepressant such as citalopram, escitalopram, fluoxetine (Prozac), fluvoxamine, paroxetine, sertraline (Zoloft), trazodone, or vilazodone. Taking any of these medicines with an NSAID may cause you to bruise or bleed easily. Ask a doctor or pharmacist if it is safe for you to use Advil if you are also using any of the following drugs:lithium;methotrexate;a blood thinner (warfarin, Coumadin, Jantoven);heart or blood pressure medication, including a diuretic or ""water pill""; orsteroid medicine (such as prednisone). This list is not complete. Other drugs may interact with ibuprofen, including prescription and over-the-counter medicines, vitamins, and herbal products. Not all possible interactions are listed in this medication guide. Next → Side Effects Add to My Med List More about Advil (ibuprofen)Side Effects During Pregnancy or Breastfeeding Dosage Information Drug Images Drug Interactions Compare Alternatives Support Group Pricing & Coupons En Español24 Reviews – Add your own review/rating Drug class: Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs Consumer resources Advil (Advanced Reading)Other brands: Motrin, IBU, Proprinal, Motrin Childrens, ... +17 more Professional resources Advil (FDA)Ibuprofen (AHFS Monograph)Other Formulations Advil PM... +10 more Related treatment guides Back Pain Costochondritis Aseptic Necrosis Chronic Myofascial Pain... +18 more Where can I get more information? Your pharmacist can provide more information about Advil. Remember, keep this and all other medicines out of the reach of children, never share your medicines with others, and use Advil only for the indication prescribed. Disclaimer: Every effort has been made to ensure that the information provided by Cerner Multum, Inc. ('Multum') is accurate, up-to-date, and complete, but no guarantee is made to that effect. Drug information contained herein may be time sensitive. Multum information has been compiled for use by healthcare practitioners and consumers in the United States and therefore Multum does not warrant that uses outside of the United States are appropriate, unless specifically indicated otherwise. Multum's drug information does not endorse drugs, diagnose patients or recommend therapy. Multum's drug information is an informational resource designed to assist licensed healthcare practitioners in caring for their patients and/or to serve consumers viewing this service as a supplement to, and not a substitute for, the expertise, skill, knowledge and judgment of healthcare practitioners. The absence of a warning for a given drug or drug combination in no way should be construed to indicate that the drug or drug combination is safe, effective or appropriate for any given patient. Multum does not assume any responsibility for any aspect of healthcare administered with the aid of information Multum provides. The information contained herein is not intended to cover all possible uses, directions, precautions, warnings, drug interactions, allergic reactions, or adverse effects. If you have questions about the drugs you are taking, check with your doctor, nurse or pharmacist. Copyright 1996-2018 Cerner Multum, Inc. Version: 18.01. Revision Date: 2017-03-30, 3:55:23 PM. "


what is crime rate for new port richey fl

s CRIME OVERVIEWNew Port Richey, Florida, violent crime, on a scale from 1 (low crime) to 100, is 76. Violent crime is composed of four offenses: murder and nonnegligent manslaughter, forcible rape, robbery, and aggravated assault. The US average is 31.1. New Port Richey, Florida, property crime, on a scale from 1 (low) to 100, is 61. Property crime includes the offenses of burglary, larceny-theft, motor vehicle theft, and arson. The object of the theft-type offenses is the taking of money or property, but there is no force or threat of force against the victims.

New Port Richey, Florida Add Favorite 21 Reviews | Review This Place

Crime Download .xl

The US average is 38.1. View More Data >CRIME MAPPlease Sign up or Log In to use maps. ORReviews for New Port Richey Unknown New_Port_Richey Mouse over the stars for your rating and click to rate. 1=Not a Fan. 2=Not for Me. 3=Just Okay. 4=Great Place. 5=The Best Place. Start Your Review of New_Port_Richey, FLLisa Elfers, FLSend Message5/30/2017Great place to live This is a very friendly, safe community. The people are nice. Sims Park is growing every year. The Police are Friendly,and keep us safe. It is pet friendly... (Read More)66 128Reply | 1 Replyjoe Ogden, UTSend Message5/17/2016Don't Come Here I've lived here for quite some time now. The weather is beautiful. They have a nice aquatic center but you must live within the city limits for it to be affordable. I... (Read More)149 158Reply | 1 Reply Stacie New Port Richey, FLSend Message12/19/2014New Port Richey along US19 Elfers/Holidy I have lived here since 2004 when I bought my house here. I work in Pinellas county but could only afford Pasco at the time. I had only planned to live here for 5... (Read More)147 128Reply | No Replies Read all reviews about New Port Richey,


diaphragm basic function

Functions of the diaphragm Serves as the primary muscle of inspiration Contraction also increases intra-abdominal pressure which is useful for additional movements/activities such as micturition, defecation, parturition, and lifting heavy objects

Diaphragm

"28 terms iiitshannahhh Diaphragm Learn Flashcards Write Spell Test Match Gravity Advertisement Upgrade to remove ads Like this study set? Create a free account to save it. Create a free account Maybe later Sort Basic features of the diaphragm Appears as a double-domed shaped structure which separates the thoracic cavity from the abdominal cavity Forms the floor of the thoracic cavity and the roof of the abdominal cavity Oriented in the oblique plane and attached to the boundaries of the thoracic outlet Has openings which allow passage of structures between these two cavities Right dome of the diaphragm Slightly higher than the left dome, extending to approximately the 5th rib Caused by the presence of the liver Left dome of the diaphragm Usually extends to approximately the 5th intercostal space Caused by the presence of the funds of the stomach and the spleen Central depression of the diaphragm Slightly indented region found between the 2 domes Caused by the presence of the overlying heart Basic function of the diaphragm Serves as the primary muscle of inspiration Muscular portions of the diaphragm Multiple named regions located peripherally which represent the origins of the diaphragm The fibers converge to insert into the central tendon 1. Diaphragmatic crura -Right crus (esophageal hiatus) -Left crus (median arcuate ligament and aortic hiatus)Diaphragmatic crura of the muscular portion Muscular slips which anchor the diaphragm to the lumbar vertebrae and are associated with the formation of two passageways between the thorax and the abdomen Right crus and left crus Right crus of the diaphragmatic crura Much larger and longer than the left crus, it arises from the bodies of L1-L3 Its fibers ascend to partially insert into the central tendon, then loop around forming the esophageal hiatus Esophageal hiatus Opening in the diaphragm formed by the looping of the right crus Located at approximately vertebral level T10 The right crus fibers form approximately 1/2 of the lower esophageal sphincter (LES) which functions to prevent esophageal reflux Primary structures passing through this hiatus include the esophagus and the 2 vagal trunks Left crus of the diaphragmatic crura Smaller and shorter than the right crus, it arises from the bodies of L1-L2 Its fibers ascend to insert into the central tendon of the diaphragm and right crus Median arcuate ligament Connective tissue slip which arches over the body of approximately T11 and join the 2 crura The combination of the middle portions of the right and left crura and the median arcuate ligament form the aortic hiatus Aortic hiatus NOT an opening in the diaphragm, but rather a gap between the median arcuate ligament and the body of T11 The aorta is NOT attached to the margin of the aortic hiatus, thus blood flow through the aorta is NOT affected by contraction of the diaphragm Primary structures passing through this hiatus include the aorta and the thoracic duct Connective tissue portions of the diaphragm Includes a broad central area and multiple tendinous slips 1. central tendon 2. median arcuate ligament Central tendon of the connective tissue portion of the diaphragm Sheet like structure which represents the main connective tissue portion of the diaphragm Fibers from the muscular portions insert into it Has no body attachments, but has an opening for the IVC, i.e. the canal foramen Diaphragmatic apertures Allow passage of structures between the thoracic and abdominal cavities 1. esophageal hiatus 2. aortic hiatus 3. canal foramen 4. Associated structures - pass through openings in the diaphragm or pierce the diaphragm (phrenic nerves)Caval foramen Opening in the central tendon of the diaphragm at approximately vertebral level T8/T9 to the right of the median plane Outer margin of IVC attached to opening, thus dilating the vessel during inspiration, which increases venous return to the heart Primary structures passing through this opening include the IVC and typically the Right phrenic nerve Right phrenic nerve Passes through either the canal foramen or through the central tendon, just lateral to the canal foramen Left phrenic nerve Passes through the muscular portion of the diaphragm just anterior to left portion of the central tendon Diaphragm actions Only the ""central regions"" of the diaphragm move during contraction/relaxation The peripheral regions remain firmly attached Contraction of the diaphragm Causes the domes to descend, compressing abdominal viscera and increasing the volume of the thoracic cavity (in the vertical dimension) resulting in inspiration Remember Boyle's Law: increase in volume -> decrease in pressure Blood flow during contraction Contraction lowers intra-thoracic pressure and increases intra-abdominal pressure, thus creating venous return to the heart i.e. the respiratory pump Relaxation of the diaphragm Allows the domes to ascent to their former positions, decreasing the volume of the thoracic cavity (in the vertical dimension) resulting in expiration

Vasculature of the diaphragm Receives blood supply/drainage on both its superior and inferior surfaces Arterial supply of the diaphragm 1. pericardiacophrenic arteries - small vessels which arise from the internal thoracic arteries and supply the superior surface of the diaphragm, travel with the phrenic nerves 2. musculophrenic arteries - arise from the internal thoracic arteries and supply the superior surface of the diaphragm 3. inferior phrenic arteries - typically arise from the proximal portion of the abdominal aorta to supply the inferior surface of the diaphragm Venous drainage of the diaphragm mimics the arterial supply Motor innervation of the diaphragm Phrenic nerves - travel in fibrous pericardium to reach the diaphragm, pierce it, and branch on its inferior surface Sensory innervation of the diaphragm Accomplished by: phrenic nerves, lower intercostal nerves, and subcostal nerves Advertisement Upgrade to remove ads Features Quizlet Live Quizlet Learn Diagrams Flashcards Mobile Help Sign up Help Center Honor Code Community Guidelines Students Teachers About Company Press Jobs Privacy Terms Follow us Language© 2018 Quizlet Inc. "


does strep cause fever blisters

It's hard for me to comment on what all is going on. depends on how she was tested for strep and also it's possible that she had more than one thing going on at one time. They don't call oral herpes ""fever blisters"" for nothing. typically strep throat will not cause blisters on the lip area is the answer to your question. grace

Can strep throat cause blisters?

"Can strep throat cause blisters? Python49Some girl I met told me she had strep throat and that it was causing her blisters on her mouth.... I didn't know strep throat did that and was thinking she coulda been lying and it was something else like herpes. I haven't found anything online to talk about strep throat and blisters... anyone know? Jul 27, 2008Follow - 1 Upvote - 0 2 Answers Next Question2 Answers Page 1 of 1gracefrom HHPIt's hard to tell what all is going on. If she had strep throat or blisters going on - both are reasons not to kiss anyone or share drinks /food with them until they are healed regardless of the exact cause. grace Jul 28, 2008Upvote - 0gracefrom HHPSorry forgot to add these thoughts -

Jul 28, 2008Upvote - 0Your Answer Notify me of new activity on this question Join this community Answer Previous Question Next Question "


how long can you freeze chuck roast

Cooked beef roast will usually stay good for 3 to 5 days in the fridge and 3 months in the freezer. How to tell if beef roast is bad? The best way is to smell and look at the beef roast: signs of bad beef roast are a sour smell, dull color and slimy texture; discard any beef roast with an off smell or appearance.

Food Storage - How long can you keep...

"BEEF ROAST, ALL CUTS (INCLUDING CHUCK, RIB, FLANK, TENDERLOIN, ROUND, SHOULDER, BLADE ) - FRESH, RAWRefrigerator3-5 days Freezer6-12 months Tips How long does a raw beef roast last in the fridge or freezer? The exact answer to that question depends to a large extent on storage conditions - keep beef roast refrigerated at all times. How long does a raw beef roast last after the sell-by date? After beef roast is purchased, it may be refrigerated for 3 to 5 days - the ""sell-by"" date on the package may expire during that storage period, but the beef roast will remain safe to use after the sell by date if it has been properly stored. Unopened beef roast may be kept in its original store packaging when refrigerating; to maximize the shelf life of beef roast, do not open the package until ready to use. How long can a raw beef roast be left at room temperature? Bacteria grow rapidly at temperatures between 40 °F and 140 °F; beef roast should be discarded if left out for more than 2 hours at room temperature. To further extend the shelf life of beef roast, freeze; when freezing, place beef roast in the freezer before the number of days shown for refrigerator storage has elapsed. You can maximize the shelf life of beef roast in the freezer by overwrapping the original store packaging with airtight heavy-duty aluminum foil, plastic wrap, or freezer paper or place the package inside a heavy-duty freezer bag in order to prevent freezer burn. How long does a raw beef roast last in the freezer? Properly stored, it will maintain best quality for about 6 to 12 months, but will remain safe beyond that time. The freezer time shown is for best quality only - beef that has been kept constantly frozen at 0°F will keep safe indefinitely How long does a raw beef roast last after being frozen and thawed? Beef roast that has been defrosted in the fridge can be kept for an additional 3 to 5 days in the refrigerator before cooking; beef roast that was thawed in the microwave or in cold water should be cooked immediately. How long does beef roast last in the fridge once it is cooked?

Sources: For details about data sources used for food storage information, please click here "


how to set password before purchasing on apple

Currently, Apple requires users to input a password to purchase if the account hasn’t been active for 15 minutes. But it’s easy to switch the phone’s protocol to require a password every single time a purchase is made. This option also exists in the Restrictions tab, right below where In-App Purchases can be turned on or off. Click “Require Password” and set it to “Immediately” — from then on any purchase will need a password.

5 tools to prevent your kids from blowing your money on iTunesâ in-app purchases

5 tools to prevent your kids from blowing your money on i Tunes’ in-app purchases Lauren Hockenson Jul 28, 2013 - 8:20 AM CDT3 Comments Tweet Share Post A post I wrote last week about parents discovering that their kids had racked up thousands of dollars of in-app purchases generated a bunch of comments. Some parents said they have little control over what their kids are buying on i Tunes, or what they’re tapping on their mobile screens. They feel powerless in the face of “free” games like Clash of Clans and Candy Crush Saga that entice kids with “power-ups” at price points as high as $99. But in fact, as more than one commenter pointed out, there are a handful of tools that can help families rein in their kids’ i Tunes purchases — both in-game and at the store — and many are available right on devices themselves. You just have to know where to look. Here are five things that you can do in the next five minutes that significantly reduce the chances of your son or daughter tapping away hundreds (or thousands) of dollars. And when you’re ready to remove the controls, you can reverse them just as quickly as you implemented them. Of course, these measures apply to i OS devices only, but Android, Blackberry and Windows Phone also have applicable parental controls — consult the settings on your device to get the most accurate information.1. Set Restrictions to Turn Off In-App Purchases In-app purchases of any sort can be disabled on any Apple device with a couple of quick swipes in Settings. First, click the “General” subsection — once inside, you’ll see an area marked “Restrictions.” The device will then prompt you to make a special Restrictions passcode, which can (and should) be different from the phone’s lock screen, if a PIN password has already been enabled. Once active, Restrictions can actually eliminate access to certain apps and filter content available in the i Tunes store. In this “Allowed content” tab, you can find a simple toggle for “In-App Purchases.” Flip that to “off,” and all in-app purchases will be verboten. If for any reason you would like to make an in-app purchase, simply flip the toggle back to “on,” and the Restrictions can be reset or changed at any time.2. Require Passwords for Every Purchase

3. Set an Allowance through i Tunes If a child has access to his or her own i Device and the parents can’t easily monitor usage — for example, a teenager with a smartphone — there is an easy way to give them the independence they crave without worrying about a crazy phone bill. Apple actually allows you to set a monthly i Tunes allowance. To activate an allowance system, go to i Tunes on your computer and make sure that you’re logged into the username you want to handle the payments. Go to the i Tunes store and click “Send i Tunes Gifts,” which will open up a dialog box to send an i Tunes gift card electronically to someone. Click “Learn More About Gifting” in the bottom left corner of the dialog box, and you will be taken to a landing page that explains different options. Scroll down, and the i Tunes Allowance Program will appear. To use the i Tunes Allowance Program, select a recipient’s Apple ID (or create one if it’s the child’s first device), and choose a monthly allowance — anywhere from $10 to $50 per month. Each payment will happen at the first of the month, and can be managed only from the parents’ Apple ID account settings screen.4. Check for In-App Purchases Before Download While many games rely on micro-transactions for their revenue, not all mobile games have them. If you want to be vigilant about making sure your kids aren’t exposed to free games that are designed to get them to pay up, it’s easy to check if a game has in-app purchases. Simply type the name of the game into the i Tunes search bar (or Google, if you prefer to check many at once), and look at the game’s overview screen. There will usually be a “Top In-App Purchases” tab — click on it and you will get a list of what the game offers for sale in the app. There are some games with limited purchase options, usually downloadable content that expands the game or “upgrades” it to a paid version from a free title. But games that rely on transactions have predictably tiered purchases of $4.99, $9.99, $19.99, $49.99 and $99.99. If you see those tiers in the Top In-App Purchases tab, it’s a free-to-play game that you may want to avoid.5. Remove Your Credit Card Number It’s a common misconception that i Tunes requires a credit card for every Apple ID, especially because the company pressures new users to commit with a credit card so quickly. Apple doesn’t require a credit card to run i Tunes or purchase apps through the phone. To remove a credit card from an account, simply log in to the account on the computer’s version of i Tunes (make sure it is the most up-to-date version) and select the “Account” link. From there, select “Edit Payment Information,” which will show “Payment Type” at the top of the page. Simply select the “None” option from that list, and all credit-card information will be wiped away. The account can still be funded via i Tunes gift cards, which you can buy as needed via i Tunes or in a card at most major retailers. A final piece of advice to wary parents: Keep your password secret. While it may seem much easier just to give your child the password — so you’re not fielding the question from them every time they want to download something — keeping the password means keeping the power. Inputting the password manually gives you an opportunity to see what your kids are trying to download, and what the reviews of the game say. That prevents unwittingly downloading poor games designed to force micro-transactions on users, and it keeps you up to date on what the latest game trends are. The tools to restrict in-app purchases exist –it’s just a matter of using them. Tags Apple In-App Purchases itunes kids micro-transactions parenting Related stories Move over Xbox Kinect, Siri might be coming to Apple TVFirst generation Apple TVs unable to connect to i Tunes store since Thursday Apple releases Mavericks update to remedy Gmail sync problems Apple is already fighting Amazon in the ebook price wars3 Comments Guest July 28th, 2013If parent gives their kids the password to an account with a credit card, then they deserve what they get. Brian Logan July 28th, 2013I wish I could set myself an allowance. Cold Water July 28th, 2013TLDR: don’t blame Apple, all you have to do to not get ripped off is change a whole bunch of defaults set byâ€¦Comments are closed.


constructivism education define

Constructivism is a learning theory found in psychology which explains how people might acquire knowledge and learn. It therefore has direct application to education. The theory suggests that humans construct knowledge and meaning from their experiences. Constructivism is not a specific pedagogy. Piaget's theory of Constructivist learning has had wide ranging impact on learning theories and teaching methods in education and is an underlying theme of many education reform movements. Research support for constructivist teaching techniques has been mixed, with some research supporting these techniques and other research contradicting those results.

Constructivism

Constructivism

Resources What is constructivism? Concept to Classroom > Constructivism as a Paradigm for Teaching and Learning Provides a workshop on the concept of constructivism beginning with an explanation of the term and ending with a demonstration of how the concept can be applied in the classroom. (retrieved Jan 19, 2011)Learning Theories. Com Provides an overview of the concept of Constructivism: that learning is an active, contextualized process of constructing knowledge rather than acquiring it. (retrieved Jan 19, 2011)How does a constructivist approach differ from a traditional approach? Concept to Classroom. Constructivism as a Paradigm for Teaching and Learning. How does this theory differ from traditional ideas about teaching and learning? Provides a comparison of a “traditional classroom” with a “constructivist classroom”. In a constructivist classroom the students are the focus and the teacher a facilitator who asks good questions. (retrieved Jan 19, 2011)Concept to Classroom. Constructivism as a Paradigm for Teaching and Learning. What does constructivism have to do with my classroom? Explains through a series of examples how Constructivist principles can be applied in the classroom demonstrating how Constructivist teachers pose questions and problems, then guide students to help them find their own answers, using many techniques in the teaching process. (retrieved Jan 19, 2011)The Practice Implications of Constructivism Discusses the notion of Constructivism and its implications for teaching. Concludes that the most important contribution of constructivism may well be a focus on student-centered learning. (retrieved Jan 19, 2011)How to design student-centered constructivist learning activities Moving Towards Constructivist Classrooms (pdf) This paper suggests strategies and approaches which can be implemented by teachers when planning constructivist opportunities for the classroom. (retrieved Jan 19, 2011)The Role of ICT in a Constructivist Approach to the Teaching of Thinking Skills Provides an overview of Constructivism and how ICT can be used to support thinking and learning from a Singaporean perspective. There is a link to the full paper. (retrieved Jan 19, 2011)Examples & case studies ICT for constructivist learning - K-12A Case Study of ICT and School Improvement at Bendigo Senior Secondary College, Victoria, Australia A case study of an Australian school where change included the installation of an extensive ICT infrastructure, changing management practices and encouraging teachers to adopt an “active, constructivist and experiential” approach to teaching and learning. Improving Students' ICT Use: The LDCT at Burleigh Heads State School A research report focusing on student learning in Years 5, 6 and 7 at Burleigh Heads State School where educational technology is used in many applications by teachers. An ICT-based teacher training programme based on a social constructivist model in Ecuador (pdf) This paper presents several case studies of the impact of ICT on teaching practices and on teaching and learning in primary schools in Ecuador. Learning with ICT: The Challenge of Changing the Way We Teach This paper discusses the development and implementation of an integrated learning environment (ILE) to support a student centred constructivist approach to teaching and learning in Hong Kong primary schools. ICT for constructivist learning - Teacher learning A Metacognitive Approach to Computer Education for Teachers: Combining Theory and Practice for Computer Capability This paper describes a metacognitive approach to computer education for pre-service and practicing teachers which attempts to foster capable life-long computer learners. (retrieved Jan 19, 2011)Developing online discussion forums as student centred peer e-learning environments This paper introduces a conception of discussion forums as student centred peer e-learning environments. (retrieved Jan 19, 2011)Teacher Education to Promote Constructivist Use of ICT: Study of a Logo-based Project (pdf) Describes a project aimed at giving student-teachers a personal experience of exploratory and constructivist learning so that they would be able to inspire the same educational spirit in their future students. (retrieved Jan 19, 2011)Creating a constructivist-learning environment using ICT to teach concepts and skills in classroom management: An exploration at NIE, Singapore. This paper reports on an experiment to develop a learning environment that delivers course materials to students in a variety of formats using the new technologies. (retrieved Jan 19, 2011)Closing the gap: Pre-service teachers' perceptions of an ICT based, student centred learning curriculum (pdf) An analysis of an ICT based Student-Centred Learning (SCL) curriculum for pre-service teachers. (retrieved Jan 19, 2011)Singaporean and Taiwanese pre-service teachers’ beliefs and their attitude towards ICT: A comparative study (pdf) This paper reports the findings obtained from a survey of Singaporean and Taiwanese pre-service teachers. The findings suggest that further effort needs to be taken in order to foster more productive use of ICT to support constructivism-oriented teaching. (retrieved Jan 19, 2011)


where is the graphic card located in the cpu

ul. Single Add-on Cards When a discrete graphics card is installed, it is typically located in the expansion slot closest to the CPU. Its location relates to the high-speed connection that motherboard manufacturers want between the CPU and the graphics card.

Where Is the Graphics Card Located?

Related Articles1How to Fix a No-Input Signal to a Computer2Can You Install a Video Card If Your Motherboard Has an Onboard Graphics Chipset?3The Purpose of a Graphics Card4How to Tell If Your PC Graphics Card Is Going Bad One of the most significant elements of a modern computer is the graphics card. The graphics card varies significantly -- from basic models barely capable of rendering advanced graphic elements in Windows, to massive workhorses used to enable the real-time rendering and development of cinema-quality 3D models. The exact location of the graphics card depends on the type of card in your computer. Onboard Graphics The most difficult-to-find graphics card is not, in fact, a card at all. Many motherboard manufacturers embed the graphics card within the motherboard. These solutions allow a computer builder to get a PC running without considering graphics card compatibility. The graphics card is actually a single chip on the motherboard. Unlike discrete video cards, onboard cards share memory with the system. This makes onboard cards more cost-effective, but generally less powerf

This allows the graphics to take precedence over peripherals which demand fewer resources, such as sound cards or network adapters. Multiple Graphics Cards Two companies currently implement a system installing multiple graphics cards in a single machine. AMD and Nvidia offer Crossfire and Scalable Link Interface, respectively. You can identify a dual-card configuration by the bridge or cable link between two identical-looking cards within the PC. Different Graphics Ports Old expansion cards used the same ISA and PCI connections as sound or other peripheral cards. Today, graphics cards often utilize expansion slots on the motherboard specifically designed to meet the higher demands a graphics card places on the system bus. In the early 2000s, the accelerated graphics port, or AGP, appeared on motherboards to accommodate graphics cards only. AGP has now been largely replaced by a new, open standard known as PCI Express. PCI Express slots come in various speeds and can work with non-graphics cards. The fastest slots, however, typically reside closest to the CPU in anticipation of their use with graphics cards. References (3)About the Author Jacob Andrew previously worked as an A+ and CCNA-certified technology specialist. After receiving his BA in journalism from the University of Wisconsin, Madison in 2012, he turned his focus towards writing about travel, politics and current technology. Photo Credits John Foxx/Stockbyte/Getty Images Cite this Article