define: homologate

Certification is another possible synonym, while to homologate is the infinitive verb form. In today's marketplace, for instance, products must often be homologated by some public agency to assure that they meet standards for such things as safety and environmental impact.

Homologation

"From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedianavigation search For other uses, see Homology. This article possibly contains original research. Please improve it by verifying the claims made and adding inline citations. Statements consisting only of original research should be removed. (July 2008) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message)Homologation ( Greek homologeo, ὁμολογέω, ""to agree"") is the granting of approval by an official authority. This may be a court of law, a government department, or an academic or professional body, any of which would normally work from a set of strict rules or standards to determine whether such approval should be given. The word may be considered very roughly synonymous with accreditation, and in fact in French and Spanish [1] may be used with regard to academic degrees (see apostille ).

A court action may also sometimes be homologated by a judicial authority before it can proceed, and the term has a precise legal meaning in the judicial codes of some countries. The equivalent process of testing and certification for conformance to technical standards is usually known as Type Approval in English-language jurisdictions. Another usage pertains to the biological sciences, where it may describe the similarities used to assign organisms to the same family or taxon, similarities they have jointly inherited from a common ancestor. Contents [ hide ]1 Sport1.1 Motorsports1.2 Olympics2 See also3 References4 External links Sport [ edit]Motorsports [ edit]Main article: Homologation (motorsport)In motorsports a vehicle must be homologated by the sanctioning body to race in a given league, such as World Superbikes, International Level Kart Racing or other sportscar racing series. Where a racing class requires that the vehicles raced be production vehicles only slightly adapted for racing, manufacturers typically produce a limited run of such vehicles for public sale so that they can legitimately race them in the class. These vehicles are commonly called ""homologation specials"". [2]Olympics [ edit]The term is also applicable in the Olympic Games, in venue certifications, prior to the start of competition. An issue was raised at Cesana Pariol —the bobsleigh, luge, and skeleton track used for the 2006 Winter Olympics in Turin —over its safety in luge. This delayed homologation of the track from January 2005 to October 2005 in order to achieve safe runs during luge competitions. See also [ edit]Type approval Professional certification European professional qualification directives NARICStandardization Homologation reactions that extend an alkyl chain by one methylene (-CH 2 -) unit References [ edit]^ [1]^ www.rallycars.com, Homologation Specials. External links [ edit]Look up homologation in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. Type Approval Specialist Worldwide Type Approval Services for 315 MHz; 433 MHz; 2,4 GHz; 24 GHz; 77 GHz; GSM; UMTS; LTE; Wi-Fi devices; Bluetooth devices; Zigbee devices; Wi MAX devices; RFIDAcademic homologation Education, recognition of diplomas and NARIC in the European Union Academic homologation in Spain Dictionary Certificate of Conformity Other Uses Water Skiing competition Categories: Professional titles and certifications Greek words and phrases "


what was the company's net revenues for the year?

In finance and accounting, Net sales revenues refers to the incoming revenues a company claims for selling goods and services in its normal line of business during an accounting period (usually a quarter or year).

"Home > Encyclopedia > S > Sales Revenues Revenues, Sales Revenues and Related Terms Definitions, Meaning Explained, Usage Examples Business Encyclopedia ISBN 978-1929500109Updated 2018-04-11 © 2018 Solution Matrix Ltd For businesses that sell goods and services, sales revenues stand at the top of the Income statement. Income (profit) is what remains after adding all other revenues and subtracting all expenses. Business firms define objectives for growth, market share, and market position in terms of sales revenues. What are Sales Revenues? In private industry and commerce, Sales Revenues are funds that customers owe and pay sellers for the purchase of goods and services. The term sales revenues generally means the same thing as its shorter form, Sales. In Europe, the term Turnover is sometimes used to mean sales revenues. When the firm's core business is selling goods and services, sales revenues stand at the top of the Income statement. For each accounting period, the Income statement bottom line—profit—is what remains after adding all other revenues and subtracting all other all expenses. Sales Revenue Figures Always Have a Specific Time Period in View Businesspeople sometimes describe companies informally in terms of a single currency figure, for example:""That is a $15 billion company. """"The company has grown into a € 100 million business. ""Given these statements, businesspeople understand instinctively that the currency figure refers to sales revenues for the most recently reported year. However, the formal reports themselves, always do identify the time period. Public companies, for instance, normally announce revenue results this way after every fiscal quarter. Generally, businesspeople view sales revenues—along with profits—as the most basic and the most useful measures of company financial performance and growth. Sales revenues, moreover, are the starting point for calculating other important metrics, including gross profit, operating profit, and net profit. Revenues From Multiple Sources At the end of each reporting period, firms may report incoming revenues from multiple sources. Some companies highlight individual lines of business separately as, for instance, firms that report Product Revenues separately from Services Revenues. They are especially likely to do so when different lines of business are growing at different rates or earning different margins. Multiple revenue lines can nevertheless appear together at the top of the Income statement, as long as they represent parts of the company's core business. In this way, only revenues from the core business impact the gross profit and operating profit results below. Ultimately, however, all of the period's revenues must enter the Income statement, including those from sources outside the core business. Firms that sell goods or services report other revenues below the operating profit. line. These may include items such as ""Revenues from Financial Investments"" or ""Revenues from Asset Sales. And, all revenues—those above and those below operating profit—impact bottom line Net Profit. Revenues for Government Organizations Note that for government organizations, the term Revenue refers to funds flowing into the government from all sources, including especially taxes they collect. In English speaking countries, the highest taxing authority for a national government, or for a state, or for a province, usually carries a name that includes ""Revenue. "" For example: Inland Revenue (UK, Ireland, New Zealand, Australia)Internal Revenue (United States)Revenue Agency (Canada). Explaining sales revenues in context This article further explains and explains revenues and sales revenues in the context of terms such as the following: Gross Sales Revenues Net Sales Revenues Income Statement Revenue Growth Revenue Forecast Gross Profit Gross Margin Operating Profit Operating Margin Financial Strategy Marketing Strategy Outsourcing Strategy Contents What are sales revenues? Define Your Terms! What does ""earning"" revenues mean? Is there a difference between gross sales revenues and net sales revenues? Profits begin with revenues. Example Income Statement with Revenues, Expenses and Profits. How do business firms predict and measure revenue growth? What are the three primary kinds of margins and profits? Related Topics See Income Statement for a complete introduction to the role of sales revenues on the Income statement. The article Growth Metrics shows how measure and track sales revenue growth. See Financial Metrics for more on financial statement metrics that make use of sales revenue figures. What Exactly Does Earning Revenues Mean? Define Your Terms!The question of when, exactly, the firm earns specific revenues is important for accounting purposes. Accounting standards everywhere mandate that firms report revenues in the accounting period they earn them. The Timing of Revenue Earnings Depends on the Firm's Choice of Accounting System. Small shops and other business firms that use cash basis accounting earn revenues when customers actually pay them for goods or services, with cash. A cash basis system, in fact, recognizes only two kinds of transactions: (1) Cash inflows—which include revenues earnings, and (2) Cash outflows, which include expenses the firm pays. For these firms, earning revenues means, essentially, getting paid. However, the vast majority of business firms, worldwide, practice instead accrual accounting with a double entry accounting system. For all but the smallest and simplest firms, and for public companies of all kinds, it is simply impossible to meet record-keeping and reporting requirements using cash basis accounting alone. For firms using accrual accounting, the question of ""when"" revenues are earned becomes a little more complicated Accrual-Base Firms Claim Revenues When they Meet Two Conditions Under accrual accounting, every sales transaction has two events. One event is the delivery of goods or services by the seller, and the other is customer payment. Accrual accounting recognizes, further, that either event may precede the other and that there may be a time lapse between them. As a result, it is possible for sellers to earn revenues before customers actually pay, and it is also possible for customers to pay before the seller actually earns the revenue. Earning revenues, in other words, does not depend on customer payment. With an accrual base system, sellers instead earn revenues only after they deliver goods or services to the customer. However, there is a second condition that must be met, as well, in order for the seller to claim and report revenues as earnings. Sellers can claim revenue earnings only if the earnings are recognized as realizable. This means simply that the seller has good reason to assume that the customer will actually pay. Business Firms Report Revenues in the Period They Are Earn Them It is customary for customers to pay in advance for some kinds of services. In such cases, the seller does not claim ""Sales revenues"" earnings until the seller actually delivers the services. Consider, for instance, a computer user buying a one-year subscription to an online back up service. Customers normally pay these subscriptions in advance. When the customer submits the advance payment transaction, the service provider has realized revenues, immediately, but the seller also classifies the same revenues initially as as unearned revenues (a liability). As the customer uses the service, month by month, the seller transfers funds from the liability account ""Unearned Revenues"" to the revenue account ""Sales Revenues."" (See the article Unearned revenues for more on the bookkeeping transactions involved with unearned revenues. Page Top Contents Gross Sales Revenues vs. Net Sales Revenues What Are the Differences?

Firms distinguish between Net sales revenues and Gross Sales Revenues, which may also appear on the Income statement. If, for instance, the company sells 100 units of an item having a list price of $10, Gross sales revenues are 100 x $10, or $1,000. Net sales revenues, however, may be less. The company may not actually receive (or customers may not actually owe) the full Gross sales revenues figure. After purchase, customers may return goods for refund, thus reducing the net sales revenues. Customers may ask for an allowance, effectively a price reduction, for such things as minor defects found in the goods after purchase, thus reducing net sales revenues. Business firms sometimes grant discounts to certain customers. Discounts allow them to purchase at prices below the list price, thus reducing net sales revenues. In other words: Net sales = Gross sales – Returns, Allowances, and Discounts. Some firms choose to include the Gross sales revenues line, others choose to omit it entirely. In any case, the Gross sales figures is not necessary because business planning and business analysis concern primarily Net sales, not Gross sales. Page Top Contents Profits Begin With Revenues Profits = Revenues – Expenses In private industry, business firms earn revenues in order to earn profits. Note incidentally that the term Profits is used interchangeably with Income and with Earnings. ""Net Profit,"" ""Net Income,"" and ""Net Earnings"" all refer to the same Income statement figure. Note also that the highest level objective for profit-making companies is, in principle, ""increasing owner value."" In practical terms, firms approach this objective by earning profits. After a profitable period, owner value increases when the Board of Directors turns the period's profits into shareholder dividends and Balance Sheet Retained Earnings. Everyone with an interest in the company knows that the firm's future depends, above all, on its ability to earn and grow profits. And, this depends entirely on the firm's ability to generate revenues. Profits Measure Financial Performance The firm's Net Profits for the period are known informally as the Income Statement ""bottom line."" If net Net Profits are the ""bottom line,"" then Sales Revenues must be considered the statement's ""top line. ""Profits are what remains after adding all other revenues and subtracting all expenses. In this way, Profits (Income) are viewed as a measure of the company's financial performance for the period. Note that Income statement headings always describe the time period in view with phrases such as these:"". . . for the year ended 31 December 2017,"" or"".. . for the quarter ended 31 June 2017. ""This contrasts with the Balance sheet, which shows the status of assets, liabilities and owner's equities at one point in time. Revenues in the Income Statement Equation In summary, the Income statement may also be thought of as a detailed implementation of the Income Statement Equation: Income = Revenues – Expenses Exhibit 2 in the following section includes a detailed Income statement example, with multiple line items for revenues, profits, and expenses. Page Top Contents Example income Statement Including Revenues, Expenses, and Profits Sales revenues sit at the top of the Income statement. Exhibit 2, below, shows in detail how revenue and expense figures add and subtract, so that the full statement represents the Income Statement Equation: Income = Revenues – Expenses. Which Revenue Line is the Real ""Top Line"" of the Income Statement? Before moving to Exhibit 2, however, it is worth considering a few lines near the top of the statement, as shown in Exhibit 1. Note especially that the statement in fact begins with two Sales revenue lines: Gross sales revenues, and Net sales revenues. Grande Corporation Figures in $1,000's Income Statement for Year Ended 31 December 20YYRevenues Gross sales revenues Less returns & allowances Net sales revenues 33,329 34632,983Exhibit 1. The Income Statement begins with either ""Gross Sales Revenues"" or ""Net sales revenues.."" Profit and margin calculations, however, always refer to the Net figures. The section above, immediately after the Table of Contents, explains the differences between Gross and Net sales revenues. Firms that choose to include the Gross sales figure have their own reasons for doing do, but It is important to remember that Profits and Margins calculate from the Net sales, not Gross sales. Income Statement Structure and Contents The example statement below might represent a manufacturing company, but the general form and major categories are typical for companies across a wide range of industries. A company that sells services rather than manufactured goods might report ""Cost of services"" rather than ""Cost of goods sold."" Aside from a few such minor differences in terms, the Income statement structure and contents in Exhibit 2 are nearly universal. Grande Corporation Figures in $1,000's Income Statement for Year Ended 31 December 20YYRevenues Gross sales revenues Less returns & allowances Net sales revenues Cost of goods sold Dirct materials Direct labor Manufacturing Overhead Indirect labor Depreciation, mfr equipment Other mfr overhead Net mfr overhead Net cost of goods sold Gross Profit5,263 360 4,00033,329 346 6,320 6,100 9,62332,983 22,043 10,940Operating Expenses Selling expenses Sales salaries Warranty expenses Depreciation, Store equip Other selling expenses Total selling expenses General & Admin expenses Administrative salaries Rent expenses Depreciation, computers Other general & admin expenses Total general & admin exp Total operating expenses Operating Income Before Taxes4,200 730 120 972 1,229 180 179 2006,022 1,7887,810 3,130Financial revenue & Expenses Revenue from investments Less interest expense Net financial gain (expense) Income before tax & ext items Less income tax on operations Income before extraordinary items 118 511 (393) 2,737 958 1,779Extraordinary Items Sale of land Less initial cost Net gain on sale of land Less income tax on gain Extraord items after tax 610 145465 118347Net Income (Profit) 2,126Exhibit 2. Detailed example Income statement, showing how Revenue and Expense account items represent the Income statement equation: Income = Revenues – Expenses. Five Expense Categories On the Income Statement Notice that expenses fall into five major categories. The first three categories represent expenses that come from the company's core line or lines of business:• Cost of Goods Sold The costs of producing goods or services • Operating Expenses – Selling Expenses The costs of selling the goods or services • Operating Expenses – General and Administrative Expenses Overhead, support, and management costs from across the company Note that depreciation expenses may appear in each of these categories, depending on what the assets in question are used for. The remaining two major expense categories refer to both gains and losses from activities that are not in the company's core line of business. This company is not, for instance, in the financial services, or financial investing, or lending business. The company is also not in the real estate business. The firm reports financial transactions in these latter areas separately from the areas that contribute to core business operating income. • Financial revenues and expenses These include revenues from invested funds and costs from financing borrowed funds. • Extraordinary items These may include large gains or losses from selling land or major assets, or from major actions restructuring the company (e.g., the expenses of laying off part of the workforce). Page Top Contents How Do Firms Predict and Measure Revenue Growth? Potential investors who are considering buying shares of a company's stock, will consider carefully the company's ability to grow sales revenues and grow profits. Profit growth is important to investors because, in principle, profit making companies exist and operate primarily in order to create value for their shareholder owners. Public companies increase owner value by earning profits. The firm either (1) keeps profits as retained earnings (thus increasing Owners Equity on the Balance Sheet), or (2) distributes profits directly to shareholders as dividends. Dividends are a more immediate and direct way to increase shareholder value. Sales revenue growth is important to investors for at lest two reasons. First, at least some sustained revenue growth is necessary to maintain or grow profits: inflation will increase the company's costs from year to year, and cost increases must be accompanied by revenue increases, even to maintain constant profits. Second, in a growing economy, a lack of growth in sales revenues probably means the company is not gaining market share over its competitors, and is not attracting new customers. Predicting sales revenue growth is also important to the company's own management, for obvious reasons: the planning of next year's production, product development, inventory levels, marketing programs, hiring, and budgeting of all kinds, depend heavily on what the company expects in sales revenues. One sales revenue metric that serves both investors and management in this regard, is the company's cumulative average growth rate (CAGR) in sales revenues. CAGR looks to a starting sales revenue figure (perhaps for Year 1) and a later sales revenue figure (perhaps for year 10), and asks: What is the average growth rate, per period? If, for instance, sales revenues for Year 1 were 10 million, and sales revenues for year 10 were 100 million, what was the average growth rate per year? Remember that compound interest growth is involved. In the 9 years of growth, sales revenues increased ten-fold, to a level 1000% over the initial sales revenue figure. However, because of compounding, the average growth per year is not 1000% divided by 9. If that were the case, growth per year would have been 111% per year—but that is the wrong answer to the growth question. Cumulative Average Growth Rate CAGRCAGR = (FV/PV) 1/ n – 1.0 where CAGR = Cumulative Average Growth Rate PV = Starting (Present) Value FV = Final (Future) value n = Number of periods Exhibit 3. Business firms measure multi-year growth in sales revenues with the Cumulative Average Growth Rate (CAGR) metric. For this example, the starting value (PV) is 10 million and the Final Value is 100 million. The number of compounding periods, n (years in this case), is 10 – 1, or 9. Using the CAGR formula: CAGR = (100/10) 1/9 – 1.0 = 29.2% growth per year. (For a more complete introduction to CAGR and other financial metrics, see Financial Metrics Pro ). Page Top Contents What Are Three Kinds of Margins and Profits? Gross Profit, Operating Profit, and Bottom Line Net Profit After Taxes Bottom line net income is a measure of the company's financial performance for the period. However, the Income Statement contains other performance metrics as well. The difference between net sales revenues and cost of goods sold is called Gross profits, for instance, while the net income from operations—before taxes and before gains and losses from financial and extraordinary items—is called operating income (or operating profits ). All three of the profit lines from the Income Statement (gross profit, operating profit, and bottom line net profit) appear as percentages of net sales, that is, as margins. Gross margin, for instance is gross profit divided by net sales, as Exhibit 4 below shows. Net Sales = 32,983 Margin = Profit / Sales Revenues Gross Profit = 10,940Gross Margin = 10,940 / 32,983 = 33.2%Operating Profit = 3,130Operating Margin = 3,130 / 32,983 = 9.5%Net Profit = 3,130Profit Margin = 2,126 / 32,983 = 6.4%Exhibit 4. Three different margins derive from Income Statement figures. Margins, in turn, are very important indicators of a company's performance for stock market analysts and for the company's own management. Analysts will compare the company's margin percentages directly with margins from competitors and with industry ""best in class"" standards. They will consider not only the current margins, but also period-to-period trends in margins. The company's management attention will focus on margins for several reasons: First, margins are central to the company's business model. Margin's in the model, that is, show exactly where the company expects to make money. Secondly, management will watch closely year-to-year changes in margins. Margins are highly sensitive indicators of the company's ability to compete effectively and reach objectives in its business plan. Thirdly, margins for individual product lines and even individual products are central to management planning and decision support for product portfolio management. The Income Statement shows the gross margin for company, for instance, but underneath the company average gross margin (and shielded from competitors and public eyes), each product has its own gross margin as well. Only by knowing and managing the mix of individual product gross margins, can management optimize the overall product set gross margin. Page Top Contents By Marty Schmidt© Solution Matrix Ltd 2004-2018 Find us on Facebook Linkedin Twitter Contact us Share "


largest rabbit breeds

Caring for large rabbit breeds will be even more of a problem as some giant rabbit breeds can grow to be as big as spaniels. One of the largest rabbit breeds is known as the German Grey Giant and these animals are known to grow as large as some mid sized dogs.

Giant Rabbit Breed

Giant Rabbit Breed Rabbits are probably the most popular of pets after cats and dogs, and their cute and cuddly appearances make them only more endearing and irresistible. Having a pet rabbit however, requires that you not be too taken in by their innocent demeanor as they can be rather notorious animals when left out of their cages unsupervised. Rabbits are broadly classified into around 40 species that are spread across the world. Caring for a rabbit not the walk in the park task that some might expect when looking at these furry animals. In fact, most of them will actually tend to be rather notorious when let out of their cage unsupervised. Most rabbits have an uncanny habit of chewing on any loose cables that might be lying around the house – causing significant destruction to most of the appliances and electronic equipment within the household. Uncontrolled growth of wild rabbit populations in fact are a cause of huge economic damage in parts of the world.

When caring for any member of the giant rabbit breeds, one must take into account factors such as their natural environment and how well it can be mimicked in a domestic setup as well as how much food they will require to be fed on a regular basis. Large Rabbit Breeds Giant rabbit breeds can be fed appropriate quantities of dry pellets during the day that should be available at your local pet store and substantial quantities of good quality hay towards the evenings to allow them their more natural diets. As a generalization of giant rabbit breeds, however, the biggest of them is known as the Flemish giant and, on an average, they are likely to weight in about 15 pounds. One of the distinctive features of these giant rabbit breeds is the kind of fur that they sport. The fur is usually very soft while the temperament of the animal is rather docile and friendly. It is because of these components of the animal’s character that they are highly regarded as domestic pets. Housing a Flemish giant will require you to make special consideration with regards to the animal’s cage and the smallest cages that they can be housed in measure in at about 30 by 48 inches.


what is a lantern fish

Definition of lantern fish: any of a family (Myctophidae) of small deep-sea bony fishes that have a large mouth, large eyes, and usually numerous photophores See

lantern fish

lantern fishnoun Popularity: Bottom 10% of words Trending Now:oligarch glib depose omnibus acrimony ALLTime Traveler! Explore the year a word first appeared

lantern fish defined for kids First Known Use of lantern fishcirca 1753Learn More about lantern fish See words that rhyme with lantern fish Britannica.com: Encyclopedia article about lantern fish Seen and Heard What made you want to look up lantern fish? Please tell us where you read or heard it (including the quote, if possible).show


what is format factory

[1]Format Factory is an ad-supported freeware multimedia converter that can convert video, audio, and picture files. It is also capable of ripping DVDs and CDs to other file formats, as well as creating .iso images. It can also join multiple video files together into one. Format Factory supports the following formats:

FormatFactory

"From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedianavigation search [ hide]This article has multiple issues. Please help improve it or discuss these issues on the talk page. ( Learn how and when to remove these template messages)This article relies too much on references to primary sources. (September 2012)This article includes a list of references, but its sources remain unclear because it has insufficient inline citations. (January 2010)This article needs to be updated. (June 2014)Format Factory Developer (s) Chen Jun Hao [1]Stable release 4.3.0.0 (March 8, 2018; 32 days ago [2]) [±]Operating system Microsoft Windows Available in 66 languages [3]Type Transcoder License ad-supported freeware [4]Website pcfreetime .com

Video formats Audio formats Picture formats3GP (.3gp) MPEG-1 (.mpg) Matroska (.mkv) Flash Video (.flv) SWF (.swf) MPEG-4 Part 14 (.mp4) Audio Video Interleave (.avi) Windows Media Video (.wmv) Real Media Variable Bitrate (.rmvb) VOB (Video Object) (DVD file) (.vob) Quick Time File Format (QTFF) (.mov) MP3Ogg Wave Sound (.wav) Adaptive Multi-Rate (.amr) Windows Media Audio (.wma) Advanced Audio Coding (.aac)MIDI (.mid). JPG. PNG. ICO. BMP. GIF. TIF. TGASee also [ edit]Comparison of video converters Comparison of DVD ripper software List of audio conversion software List of video editing software References [ edit]^ a b Format Factory v2.60, 4 November 2010, About dialog box^ ""Format Factory"". www.pcfreetime.com. Retrieved 5 July 2017.^ ""Languages"". Format Factory - Free media file format converter. pcfreetime.com (Official web site). Retrieved 11 April 2012.^ ""Format Factory"". Softpedia. Soft News. Retrieved 14 September 2017. External links [ edit]Official website Review and tutorial on CNet (in German) Review on Stern 's web site (in German) Round-up review in netzwelt (in Russian) Round-up review in Computerra Categories: Audio format converters Graphics software Video conversion software Multimedia software Windows-only freeware "


what is hpp header

n HPP File Format Program header (C++)HPP is a file extension for a header file file format used by Mars Digital C++ (previously Zortech C++), Borland C++ and other C++ compilers. HPP files may contain variables, constants and functions referenced by source code in the same project.

HPP File Format

File Extensio

See also the H format which is the default file extension for header files in the C programing language. Learn more about HPP files: Search for answers to C++-related questions at IT Knowledge Exchange. See the Whatis.com C, C++ and C# Cheat Sheets. Wikipedia has an entry about C++. This was last updated in September 2010By Margaret Rouse Browse File Extensions Alphabetically: A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P QR S T U V W X Y Z #Ask a Question. Find an Answer. Ask your peers a question about this file extension. Ask a Question Transfer program installed in another computer HP P3005 setup encountered server problems Problems rewriting C++ application into C#


what are sancocho made of

The Sancocho is a traditional Colombian dish. Similar to Spanish cocido, it's prepared with a variety of meats as beef, chicken or pork; vegetables as carrots and onions, tubers as potatoes and yucca; and spices, everything simmered to get a thick broth or soup.

What is sancocho is made of?

Answers.com ® Wiki Answers ® Categories Jobs & Education Education School Subjects What is sancocho is made of? Flag What is sancocho is made of? Edit Answered by The Wiki Answers ®Community Answers.com ® is making the world better one answer at a time.

Was this answer useful? Yes Somewhat No What does the spanish word sancocho mean? Answer i translated sancocho and it means stew. Edit Bennett Hammond 7,098 Contributions What are you made of? Living things are mostly made of water. The base unit of all livingthings is carbon. Girls are proverbially made of sugar and spice and everything nice;boys are made of snips …Theykilljoy 24 Contributions Why are you made how you are? When a mommy and a daddy love each other very much... Edit How are you made? Your mom and dad have sexual intercourse where male sperm meets afemale egg. Edit What am I made out of?you are made out of billions of cells, carefully designed by God! : DEdit I made you? No. You did not make me unless you are God asking this question. You are not God. Are you? If you said yes, well, I do not believe you so..... well I answered your presious qu …Maxiogee 32,371 Contributions Who made you and me? We are made by our parents. And not just by their physical act. We get one half our genetic makeup from each of our parents, and that process - which sometimes means …What are you made? Jared its mike why did Katie and ryenn talk we could have learned more of the planets Edit How are mades?good Edit What is she made of?atoms Edit Where is sancocho popular?mexico Edit How was you made?by your parents: OEdit Answered In Uncategorized Who made the you? The Lord, God in heaven is the creator of me, you, and everything you see or don't see:)Edit Answered In Archaeology What are you made for? You were made for anything, you can do anything as long as you set your goals. Believe in yourself Edit Jharkhandi 3,330 Contributions Answered In Uncategorized When was answer made? I think in 2001. Edit Answered In Uncategorized What were they made? Zombie where made in your bed with all your seamen and your nikon d5100 is know broken. Edit Fun bows32 1 Contribution Answered In Religion & Spirituality Who made me? God created us Edit


what is prime rate in canada

What is the Prime Rate? In Canada, the prime rate is a guideline interest rate used by banks on loans for their most creditworthy, best, or ""prime"" clients. The prime rate rises and falls with the ebb and flow of the Canadian economy, influenced significantly by the overnight rate, which is set by the Bank of Canada.

Prime Lending Rate or âPrime Rateâ in Canada

"Prime Lending Rate or “Prime Rate” in Canada

The prime rate is of particular significance to variable rate mortgages, which are mortgages that use a rate that tracks the prime and changes in lock-step with it over the term of the mortgage. It's only natural that because of this, variable rate mortgages are less insulated from economic fluctuations than their fixed-rate mortgage counterparts. The Prime Rate & Variable Rate Loans The prime rate itself is not often applied directly to variable rate loans themselves. Instead, these loans are set to track the prime rate with an adjustment value added to or subtracted from the prime rate. When the adjustment value subtracts from the prime rate, this constitutes what is otherwise known as sub-prime lending. For example, when prime lending rates were high, many Canadian lenders were offering variable rate mortgages as low as prime minus 0.90 per cent. Since then, economic pressures and shrinking profit margins have forced banks and lenders to decrease prime rate adjustments to anywhere between prime minus 0.21 to prime plus 0.20 per cent. Current Prime Interest Rate:3.45%What influences the prime rate? The prime rate is influenced primarily by the key overnight rate, which is set by the Bank of Canada on only eight pre-announced days per year. The overnight rate is in turn set in response to certain economic pressures. The Bank of Canada's monetary policy manipulates the overnight rate in a way that balances its long-term goal of avoiding inflation against short-term economic goals like reducing the unemployment rate. Historically, the prime rate has been somewhere around 200 basis points (2%) higher than the target overnight rate. When the Bank of Canada increases or decreases its target overnight rate, the big five banks typically follow suit. However, there have been occasions where the banks don't immediately change their prime rates, and some Canadian banks have had different prime rates from others. Average Prime Rates for Past Amortizations Historical Amortizations Prime Rate The prime rate averaged over the...past year 3.0654%past 2 years 2.8827%past 3 years 2.8343%past 4 years 2.8671%past 5 years 2.8937%past 7 years 2.9240%past 10 years 2.9483%past 15 years 3.6469%past 20 years 4.2275%past 25 years 4.6824%past 30 years 5.7116%past 35 years 6.4200%Last observation update: Wednesday, March 28th 2018How changes in the prime rate affect consumers Businesses, families, and individuals alike cannot avoid credit products, all of which are affected by either the prime rate, or at a deeper level, overnight rates. Even without having a loan yourself, it's highly likely that you're dealing with a business or person that does. Perhaps you have a credit card. Maybe you buy your fuel at a gas bar that hasn't paid off their commercial mortgage yet. Perhaps the company you work for has a line of credit. Maybe the guys behind the website you're currently visiting have an emergency line of credit. (Wait, what? We didn't just say that. )One way or another, the effects of changes in these interest rates manifest themselves in your day-to-day life. A higher prime rate might cause that gas bar you visit to charge a few cents more on the litre. It's a pretty safe bet that somewhere along the line, someone who was responsible for making a component for the computer you're currently using manufactured their part on borrowed funds, and that increased the cost of your computer. How the prime lending rate influences the mortgage market in Canada In the Canadian mortgage market, the prime rate is used for calculating and lending money on variable rate or line of credit mortgages. A variable rate is typically a closed term, either 3 or 5 years in length. Usually, depending on the economy and availability of mortgage money during a particular cycle, variable rate mortgages will follow prime rate less a set discount. For example: Some variable rates will have a Prime Rate minus 0.5%. Today, the prime rate is set at 3.45% and the best variable rate is 2.36%A line of credit will typically be based on prime rate plus a percentage or basis point count. A line of credit in Canada is a very popular form of borrowing and regardless of the lender you deal with, they all follow the prime rate lending model so there is very little variance from institution to institution. Regardless of whether it's a variable mortgage or a line of credit, they are both heavily based on and follow the prime rate in Canada. When the prime rate changes, so too can the variable rate or line of credit interest calculation that is used for your loan. Making sure you understand the prime rate and how it is tied to our monetary system and the Canadian economy will make things easier when it comes to deciding what options you choose when borrowing money. Prime Rate History in Canada Prime Rate Historical Graph Notable Prime Lending Rate Observations since 1975Average Prime Rate in Canada from January 1975 to present: 7.60% Highest Prime Rate observed: 22.75% on Wednesday, August 12th 1981. Lowest Prime Rate observed: 2.25% on Wednesday, April 22nd 2009. "


when is ski season over

Typically in the United States, a ski season lasts from late November to early April, however larger resorts in Colorado and California are known to spin the lifts as late as the 4th of July.

Ski season

"From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedianavigation search The examples and perspective in this article may not represent a worldwide view of the subject. You may improve this article, discuss the issue on the talk page, or create a new article, as appropriate. (January 2018) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message)A ski season is a period when skiing, snowboarding and other alpine sports are viable in an alpine resort. The season corresponds to when ski lifts are running and lift passes are available. Depending on the latitude and altitude of the resort, the season will typically run from early to mid-winter until mid- to late spring. Ideally the season will be over before the thaw begins. A typical ski season has three stages, and therefore three levels of lift ticket pricing: [1]Off-peak, at the very beginning and ending of the season, when the number of lifts open is limited and the snow cover in the lower sections of the mountain is typically patchy. Shoulder, during which the mountain is entirely snow-covered but lift pass sales are not sufficiently lucrative to justify opening all lifts or areas of the mountain. Peak, during which all lifts and most if not all runs are open. These periods are usually at the height of the season or during school or public holidays.

[2]References [ edit]^ ""Shoulder-Season Savings in 5 Ski Resort Towns"". Travel Channel. Retrieved 2018-01-15.^ Martin, Hugo (2017-05-19). ""Endless winter? California ski resorts plan to keep slopes open this summer"". Los Angeles Times. ISSN 0458-3035. Retrieved 2018-01-15. This sports-related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it. Categories: Seasons Ski areas and resorts Sports stubs "


what is blackwater called now

Blackwater / Xe now called Academi Posted February 16, 2012 in News by Steve Johnson with 24 Comments Tags: blackwater, military, News

Blackwater / Xe now called Academi

I just found out that in December 2011 Xe, the company formally known as Blackwater, was renamed to Academi. WSJ reported …On Monday, Virginia-based Xe plans to unveil a new name—Academi—and new logo. In an interview with The Wall Street Journal, Ted Wright, president and chief executive, said the name change aims to signal a strategy shift by one of the U. S. government’s biggest providers of training and security services. Mr. Wright said Academi will try to be more “boring.”Xe was a terrible name. In my mind is conjured up images of secret societies and ninja assassins, not the image Blackwater was going was trying for. (Visited 89 times, 1 visits today)


what are biokinetics

Biokinetics is the profession concerned with health promotion, the maintenance of physical abilities and final phase rehabilitation, by means of scientifically-based physical activity program prescription.

What is Biokinetics?

What is Biokinetics? A Biokineticist is an clinical exercise specialist who: Functions within professional alliance to health and medicine, and is recognised by and registered with the Health Professions Council of South Africa. Improves a person’s physical wellbeing and quality of life through individualised scientific assessment and the prescription of exercise in rehabilitative treatment to prevent or intervene with certain ailments and the enhancement of performance (sport and work). Evaluates & Measures: body posture, body composition, blood pressure, glucose levels, lung function, heart rate, fitness, muscle strength, endurance, power, flexibility and other health screenings. Is a health professional who through health promotion and wellness create a better quality of life for people they work with. Assisting in preventing and treating individuals with: Orthopaedic Conditions: Individual exercise prescription for the rehabilitation of the back, neck, knee, shoulder, hip and ankle injuries and conditions. Treatment is offered from the time of the injury up to and including full participation in sport or other physical activities of life. Chronic disease and conditions: Individual and supervised exercise programmes for the prevention and management of conditions such as heart disease, diabetes, lung disease, arthritis, osteoporosis and pregnancy (pre and post natal)Exercise Testing for Athletes: Sport specific testing and training of an athletes endurance, speed, flexibility, agility, power, strength and reaction times. As well as rehabilitation of sport injuries. Health Promotion for General Population: Assessment of health risk factors and implementation of intervention strategies to support the individual toward total wellness. Providing programs for: Weight losss; General fitness; Muscle strengthening; Toning and definition. Sharks Medical Exercise is Medicine Accredited to Administer Testing for: Official Biokineticist to: What Is Biokinetics?

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definition of tangible property

y. Freebase (0.00 / 0 votes)Rate this definition: Tangible property Tangible property in law is, literally, anything which can be touched, and includes both real property and personal property, and stands in distinction to intangible property. In English law and some Commonwealth legal systems, items of tangible property are referred to as choses in possession.

Definitions &Translations

"Vocabulary What does Tangible property mean? Definitions for Tangible property Here are all the possible meanings and translations of the word Tangible propert

However, some property, despite being physical in nature, is classified in many legal systems as intangible property rather than tangible property because the rights associated with the physical item are of far greater significance than the physical properties. Principally, these are documentary intangibles. For example, a promissory note is a piece of paper that can be touched, but the real significance is not the physical paper, but the legal rights which the paper confers, and hence the promissory note is defined by the legal debt rather than the physical attributes. A unique category of property is money, which in some legal systems is treated as tangible property and in others as intangible property. Whilst most countries legal tender is expressed in the form of intangible property, in practice bank notes are now rarely ever redeemed in any country, which has led to bank notes and coins being classified as tangible property in most modern legal systems. Numerology Chaldean Numerology The numerical value of Tangible property in Chaldean Numerology is: 7Pythagorean Numerology The numerical value of Tangible property in Pythagorean Numerology is: 5Images & Illustrations of Tangible property Translation Find a translation for the Tangible property definition in other languages: Select another language: Discuss these Tangible property definitions with the community: Word of the Day Would you like us to send you a FREE new word definition delivered to your inbox daily? Please enter your email address: Subscribe Citation Use the citation below to add this definition to your bibliography: Style: MLA Chicago APA""Tangible property."" Definitions.net. STANDS4 LLC, 2018. Web. 6 Apr. 2018. < https://www.definitions.net/definition/Tangible property >. Are we missing a good definition for Tangible property? Don't keep it to yourself... Submit Definition "


what is an fmo

You can be assured that educated agents are available to help in reviewing, comparing and selecting the best solution possible. Florida Marketing Organization is an insurance agency founded in 2004 focused on offering affordable healthcare solutions to Florida.

About 1FMO

At Florida Marketing Organization our foundation is built on having the industry’s best trained agents to represent #1 FMO.

By partnering with healthcare providers and community organizations our Florida Medicare Options team has established itself as one the leading group of agents in the Medicare Managed Care industry.

Florida Marketing Organization has a dedicated focus in Florida to make sure these offerings are suitable for our clients needs. FMO teams up with the leading healthcare companies in Florida to make sure our clients have the most solid healthcare options available in the marketplace. Our agents have completed a number of certifications, including compliance requirements from the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services.

Our agents are provided extensive and ongoing training from each of the healthcare companies that they represent, ensuring that #1 FMO agents provide each of our clients a professional advisor. Florida Marketing Organization has always been a leader by making it easy for our clients to access to the needed information. There are a number of ways for you to get in touch with a licensed agent from filling out the contact request below, stopping by one of our information and enrollment locations or just give us a call. Florida Marketing Organization realizes that there are different needs within each household and our Florida Marketplace Options team will be able to find solutions for each of these needs. We have a great selection of health, life and annuity products for you to select from. Medicare Advantage Medicare PPO's Medicare Part DMedicare Supplements ACA - Affordable Care Act Obama Care Life Annuities

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what shows was sinbad on

Previously, Sinbad appeared in a one-off role on The Cosby Show, as car salesperson Davis Sarrette. While Bonet only stayed with the program for a season, [10] Sinbad stayed with the cast from 1988 until 1991 as Coach Walter Oakes.

Sinbad (comedian)

"Sinbad (comedian)From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedianavigation search""David Adkins"" redirects here. For the American actor and playwright, see David Adkins (actor). Sinbad Sinbad on stage in July 2008Pseudonym Sinbad Birth name David Adkins Born November 10, 1956 (age 61) [1]Benton Harbor, Michigan, U. S. Medium Stand-up, film, television Nationality American Years active 1978—present Genres Observational comedy, political satire, black comedy, surreal humor, character comedy Subject (s) Everyday life, self-deprecation, marriage, parenting, American politics, current events, family, friend, pop culture, race relations, racism, relationships, ageing Spouse Meredith Adkins (1985–1992; 2002–present)Children 2David Adkins (born November 10, 1956), [1] better known by his stage name Sinbad, is an American stand-up comedian, and actor. He became known in the 1990s from being featured on his own HBO specials, appearing on several television series, and starring in the films Necessary Roughness, Houseguest, First Kid, Jingle All the Way, and Good Burger. Contents [ hide ]1 Early life1.1 Military service2 Career2.1 A Different World2.2 The Sinbad Show2.3 Films and other projects2.4 Music3 Personal life3.1 Tax issues4 See also5 References6 External links Early life [ edit]Sinbad was born in Benton Harbor, Michigan, the son of Louise and the Baptist Rev. Dr. Donald Beckley Adkins. [2] [3] [4] He has five siblings: Donna, Dorothea, Mark, Michael, and Donald. [5] Sinbad attended Benton Harbor High School. [ citation needed] He attended college from 1974 to 1978 at the University of Denver in Denver, Colorado, where he lettered two seasons for the basketball team. Military service [ edit]Sinbad served in the United States Air Force as a boom operator aboard KC-135 Stratotankers. While assigned to the 384th Air Refueling Wing at Mc Connell Air Force Base in Wichita, Kansas, he would often travel downtown to perform stand-up comedy. He competed as a comedian/MC in the Air Force's Talent Contest in 1981. Sinbad was almost dismissed with a dishonorable discharge for various misbehaviors, including going AWOL. [6]“ I didn't make the Air Force basketball team and went into denial. So, I kept going AWOL. My mother kept begging me to go back. I told her, ""No, I'm not going back. I'll just grow a beard. They won't recognize me. I'll just be another black man with a beard."" I was going to Georgia Tech to learn about computers. I'd go AWOL all the time. I'd just leave. I'd come back, hoping they'd throw me out. [6]”After a series of incidents, he was eventually discharged ""for parking my car in the wrong position."" [7]Career [ edit]In an attempt to stand out in the entertainment industry, Adkins worked under the professional name Sinbad, which he chose out of admiration for Sinbad the Sailor. [6] He began his stand up comic career appearing on Star Search. Sinbad won his round against fellow comedian Dennis Miller, [8] and made it all the way to the finals before losing to John Kassir. [9]He soon was cast on The Redd Foxx Show, a short lived sitcom, playing Byron Lightfoot. [ citation needed]A Different World [ edit]In 1987, Sinbad landed a role in A Different World, a spin off of The Cosby Show built around Lisa Bonet 's character Denise Huxtable.

In A Different World, Walter began to fall in love with a girl named Jaleesa played by Dawnn Lewis. They dated, and eventually became engaged but decided to cancel the wedding due to differing outlooks on life. [11]The Sinbad Show [ edit]By the early 1990s, his popularity had grown enough for Fox to green light The Sinbad Show, which premiered September 16, 1993. In the self-titled series, Sinbad played 35-year-old David Bryan, a bachelor who decides to become a foster parent to two children after becoming emotionally attached to them. [12]The series, which co-starred a young Salma Hayek, received praise from critics for its portrayal of African American life. [ citation needed] Around that time, Sinbad had recently received joint custody of his two kids, Royce, [13] then age 4 and Paige, age 7, and told the press that these experiences informed him of single parenting. [12]“ Black men are already responsible, already take care of our duties, but nobody emphasizes that. I hear all this bad talk against men and their children. I just got so tired of it. More than anything else, I'm showing that life has changed, the world has changed. And now the key is not going to just be parenting, it's going to be mentoring, where people who are not even in your family are going to have to go in and help. And we are going to accept that responsibility, which we used to do in our culture. [12]”The Sinbad Show was cancelled, with the last episode airing April 21, 1994. The role earned him a nomination in the 1995 Kids' Choice Awards for ""Favorite Television Actor"". [ citation needed]Films and other projects [ edit]Sinbad meeting with Zama American High School students in September 2004In 1990, Sinbad did his first stand up comedy special for HBO called Sinbad: Brain Damaged. The special was recorded at Morehouse College in Atlanta, Georgia. In 1993, Sinbad did his next stand up special in New York City's Paramount Theater at Madison Square Garden called Sinbad – Afros and Bellbottoms for which he won a 1995 Image Award. He was brought back in 1996 for Sinbad – Son of a Preacher Man and again in 1998, for Sinbad – Nothin' but the Funk. All of these shows have been released on VHS and DVD. [ citation needed]Sinbad again won an NAACP Image Award in 1998 for his role in Sinbad's Summer Jam III: '70s Soul Music Festival. By 1995, Sinbad had created a company called ""David & Goliath Productions"", that was located in Studio City. [5]From 1989 to 1991, Sinbad was host of It's Showtime at the Apollo, and returned in 2005, while regular host Mo'Nique was on maternity leave. He hosted an episode of Soul Train that aired January 14, 1995; appeared as a contestant in an episode of Celebrity Jeopardy! in 1998; and was the emcee for the May 2000 Miss Universe Pageant. [14]During the 1990s, Sinbad guest starred on an episode of Nickelodeon's All That. In one sketch, he played the father of recurring character Ishboo, dubbed ""Sinboo"". He also made a cameo appearance in the comedy movie Good Burger, starring Kenan & Kel, as ""Mr. Wheat"", a short-tempered teacher. His character was modeled after Gough Wheat, a past teacher of the movie's producer, Dan Schneider, at White Station High School in Memphis, Tennessee. [ citation needed]He and Phil Hartman co starred in the comedy film Houseguest, where he plays Kevin Franklin, a Pittsburgh resident who owes $50,000 to the mob. Hartman, as Gary Young, comments to his children that they are waiting to pick up his old college friend, who is black and he has not seen for twenty years. Taking who they think to be a well known dentist home, Young's family is stabilized by Franklin's own unstable nature. Released January 6, 1995, the film grossed $26 million in North America. [ citation needed]Sinbad's film roles also include First Kid, which he starred in, and Jingle All the Way (1996). For Jingle All the Way, Sinbad won a Blockbuster Entertainment Award for ""Favorite Supporting Actor – Family"". He also performed his HBO comedy special ""Son of a Preacher Man"", at the Paramount Theatre in Denver, Colorado. In March 1996, Sinbad joined First Lady Hillary Clinton and musician Sheryl Crow, in an USO tour in Bosnia and Herzegovina. [15]The NAACP Image Awards recognized his role in Happily Ever After: Fairy Tales for Every Child (1996), nominating him in the ""Outstanding Performance in an Animated/Live-Action/Dramatic Youth or Children's Series/Special"" category. He lent his voice to Riley, an animal character, in Homeward Bound II: Lost in San Francisco (1996), and later voiced the horse ""Hollywood Shuffle"" in Ready to Run. In 1997, Sinbad released Sinbad's Guide to Life: Because I Know Everything, a book of comedic short essays. It was co written with David Ritz. [16]In August 1997, VIBE Magazine started its own syndicated late night talk show, which aired on UPN, hosted by actor Chris Spencer. Spencer was fired in October, and replaced by Sinbad; the series lasted until the summer of 1998. At that same time, Sinbad performed his HBO comedy special ""Nothin' But the Funk"" in Aruba 's Guillermo P. Trinidad Memorial Stadium. In 1998 and 1999, Sinbad reunited with Bill Cosby and Carsey-Werner Productions, and appeared in three episodes of Cosby. In February 1999, he was featured in an infomercial for Tae Bo, where he claimed that he was successfully using the Tae Bo system to become an action star. [17]During 2002, he appeared in three episodes of the Showtime series Resurrection Blvd. In 2004, he was named the No. 78 Greatest Stand Up Comic of All Time on ""Comedy Central Presents: 100 Greatest Stand-Ups of All Time"". In 2006, Maxim magazine ranked Sinbad as the ""Worst Comic of All Time."" [18]In February 2007, actor Mark Curry credited Sinbad and Bill Cosby for helping convince him not to commit suicide. [19] Sinbad was responsible for discovering R&B trio 702, convincing their parents to let him take them to a music convention/competition under the name ""Sweeta than Suga""; the group eventually being heard by music producer Michael Bivins. [20]Sinbad also made a cameo appearance on the television show It's Always Sunny in Philadelphia as himself in a rehab center in the episode ""Dennis Reynolds: An Erotic Life"", which originally aired October 23, 2008. [21] His cameo was met with positive acclaim from fans of both him and the series. [22]Sinbad was the host of Thou Shalt Laugh 3. [23] The DVD was released on November 11, 2008. [24]He performed his Comedy Central television special Where U Been? at Club Nokia, which was later released on DVD [25] to even greater success. On March 14, 2010, he debuted on the Celebrity Apprentice and was fired on the second episode (March 21, 2010) after losing in the Kodak challenge as project manager, placing 13th. On January 25, 2011, he was the celebrity speaker of Mac World Expo 2011. [26] Sinbad starred in a reality show on WE tv called Sinbad: It's Just Family that aired on Tuesdays at 10:00 p.m.; the show was cancelled in 2011. In 2013, Sinbad voiced Roper in the animated film Planes. The same year he had a guest role on the adult animated series American Dad!, voicing an animated version of himself in the episode "" Lost in Space "", then returning for the 2014 episode "" The Longest Distance Relationship "", and again in 2015's ""Holy Shit, Jeff's Back!"" [ citation needed]In April 2015, Sinbad appeared in a USO show at Bagram and Kandahar Air Bases in Afghanistan. [ citation needed]In 2017, he appeared on two episodes of Disney Junior 's The Lion Guard, as the voice of Uroho the baboon. Music [ edit]Sinbad is also known for his music ability, with expertise playing multiple instruments; with drums and percussion being primary, which he most often displays after every show appearance. He has played with numerous artists and musicians under the moniker of ""Memphis Red""; such as Dawnn Lewis and most recently, Adult-Urban instrumentalist (saxophonist) Journell Henry ""p/k/a. J. Henry"". Personal life [ edit]Sinbad married Meredith Fuller in 1985. They have two children together. [27] The couple divorced in 1992, but remarried in 2002. [28]Tax issues [ edit]In April 2009, Sinbad was placed in the Top 10 of the worst tax debtors for the state of California owing the state $2.5 million in personal income tax. [29] On December 11, 2009, Sinbad filed for Chapter 7 bankruptcy. [30] [31] On February 5, 2010, it was reported that Sinbad put up his 2.5-acre (1.0 ha) hilltop home for sale in order to alleviate his tax burdens. [32] [33]See also [ edit]Mononymous person References [ edit]^ a b ""Sinbad – Biography"". The New York Times. Retrieved December 21, 2013.^ ""Sinbad Biography (1956-)"".^ Heraldpalladium.com^ Upcomingdiscs.com^ a b Roberts, Tara (October 1, 1995). ""Hanging out with Sinbad: more than a successful actor and comedian, at heart Sinbad's a down-home family man"". Essence. Retrieved March 17, 2007.^ a b c Collier, Aldore (June 1997). ""Sinbad talks about his divorce, single parenthood and his real name"". Ebony. Johnson Publishing Company, Inc. Retrieved April 21, 2011.^ Ritz, David (November 1, 1992). ""Sinbad"". Essence. Retrieved March 16, 2007.^ USA Weekend, STRAIGHT TALK, By Jeffrey Zaslow, July 18–20, 1997. Retrieved May 13, 2010.^ http://voicechasers.com/database/showactor.php?actorid=1900^ Weintraub, Joanne (June 14, 2006). "" ' Different', but still the same; Cable revives black college sitcom"". The Milwaukee Journal Sentinel. Retrieved March 19, 2007.^ Buchanan, Kyle (March 13, 2013). ""Comedy Undercard: A Different World vs. Undeclared "". New York. Retrieved March 20, 2018.^ a b c ""Sinbad: TV star plays father on new sitcom; says black men can be positive role models"". Jet. November 22, 1993. Retrieved March 17, 2007.^ Royce's name is pronounced ""Roy-cee""; ""Hanging out with Sinbad: more than a successful actor and comedian, at heart Sinbad's a down-home family man"". Essence. October 1995^ Wilson, Cintra (May 17, 2000). ""The 49th Annual Miss Universe Pageant"". Salon. Archived from the original on February 11, 2007. Retrieved March 19, 2007.^ Response by G. I. 's Mixed As Hillary Clinton Visits, The New York Times, 1996-03-26^ Google Books^ The End of the World As We Know it: Tae Bo [ permanent dead link], Iowa State Daily, February 1, 1999^ The Worst Comedians of All Time Archived September 3, 2011, at the Wayback Machine.^ ""Mark Curry: Laughs kept him from suicide"". USA Today Co. Inc. Associated Press. February 14, 2007. Retrieved March 19, 2007. said he changed his mind after talking to some funny friends, like Sinbad and Bill Cosby.^ Ask Men.com — 702 pics^ Sinbad Rehab — It's Always Sunny in Philadelphia TV Show — Break.com^ It's Always Sunny in Philadelphia: ""Dennis Reynolds: An Erotic Life"" Review – TV Review at IGN^ Thou Shalt Laugh 3 Archived January 22, 2011, at the Wayback Machine.^ Amazon.com: Thou Shalt Laugh 3: Sinbad, Truett Hancock, Matthew Phillips: Movies & TV^ Amazon.com: Sinbad: Where U Been? : Sinbad: Movies & TV^ Chen, Brian X. (January 25, 2011). ""Macworld Expo 2011 Spotlights Sinbad, i OS Accessories"". Wired.^ Sinbad – WE tv Archived April 15, 2011, at the Wayback Machine.^ Ballerwives.com^ ""SINBAD TAXES Embarrassment!"". The Huffington Post. April 12, 2009.^ Sinbad: Comedian Files for Bankruptcy After Going Broke – BV on Money^ Sinbad Files For Bankruptcy – Thaindian News^ No joke: Sinbad's in trouble – Boston Herald.com^ Feeling Heat from IRS, Sinbad Will Sell LA Home | AOL Real Estate External links [ edit]Sinbad on IMDb Authority control World Cat Identities VIAF: 230652029 LCCN: no96017229 ISNI: 0000 0000 7823 6671BNF: cb142276522 (data) Music Brainz: 34a39212-c30c-4f1a-9fbb-1d5dd3e2da61Categories:1956 births African-American basketball players African-American Christians African-American male actors African-American stand-up comedians American stand-up comedians African-American television producers American television producers African-American television talk show hosts American male film actors American male television actors American television talk show hosts American male voice actors Basketball players from Michigan Denver Pioneers men's basketball players Late night television talk show hosts Living people Male actors from Michigan Participants in American reality television series People from Benton Harbor, Michigan People from Hidden Hills, California United States Air Force airmen University of Denver alumni "


what are the different approaches to solid waste management?

As mentioned earlier, the lack of an overall plan for solid waste management leads to a solid waste management system which is not cost-effective. It also encourages a piece-meal approach by the external support agency.

"Hisashi Ogawa WHO Western Pacific Regional Environmental Health Centre (EHC),Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia Note: This paper was presented at the 7th ISWA International Congress and Exhibition, Parallel Session 7, ""International Perspective"". The views expressed are solely those of the author and do not necessarily represent the opinion of the World Health Organization . ABSTRACTIn the last 20 years, a number of solid waste management projects have been carried out in developing countries, in collaboration with external support agencies. Some projects were successful in producing lasting impacts on the improvement of solid waste management in developing countries. However, many projects could not support themselves or expand further when the external agencies discontinued their support. A number of technical, financial, institutional, economic, and social factors contribute to the failure to sustain the projects, and they vary from project to project. Often the recipient countries and cities tend to accept whatever resources are provided to them without due consideration to subsequent resource requirements. The external support agencies have limitations in the amount of resources they can provide and the mandates and modes under which they can operate projects. Sometimes, projects are initiated with specific aims and expected outputs, but their scopes are not comprehensive enough to consider external factors influencing them. The external support agencies often do not fully understand socio-economic, cultural, and political factors influencing the selection of appropriate solid waste management systems. In other cases, very limited follow-up support, including human resource development activities necessary to sustain the project implementation, is provided by the external support agencies. These problems and constraints associated with external support agencies' collaboration with developing countries in solid waste management can be minimized, and the sustainability of such collaborative projects improved by packaging efforts of external support agencies; defining clear roles of relevant agencies and improving their coordination in developing countries; creating key human resources; supporting strategic planning and follow-up implementations; developing self-financing schemes; and raising awareness of the public and decision makers.1. INTRODUCTIONAs urbanization continues to take place, the management of solid waste is becoming a major public health and environmental concern in urban areas of many developing countries. The concern is serious, particularly in the capital cities, which are often gateways to the countries for foreign diplomats, businessmen, and tourists. Poor visual appearance of these cities will have negative impacts on official and tourist visits and foreign investment. Recognizing its importance, a number of developing countries have requested collaboration of external support agencies, both bilateral and multilateral, in improving solid waste management in their cities in the last 20 years or so. Although some projects succeeded in providing lasting positive impacts on the management of solid waste in the recipient countries and cities, many failed to continue activities after the external support agencies ceased their support. This unsustainability of collaborative projects is due to various technical, financial, institutional, economic, and social constraints faced by both the recipient countries/cities and external support agencies. Such constraints vary from country to country and from city to city, as developing countries and cities within them differ in solid waste management problems and they and external support agencies have different, and often limited, resources available to resolve the problems. Therefore, in order to ensure the sustainability of collaborative projects, the various constraints of both developing countries and external support agencies should be carefully examined and an approach be developed to remove such constraints within the context of the collaborative projects. This paper delineates common such constraints and suggests possible ways of removing these constraints.2. PROBLEMS AND CONSTRAINTS IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIESA typical solid waste management system in a developing country displays an array of problems, including low collection coverage and irregular collection services, crude open dumping and burning without air and water pollution control, the breeding of flies and vermin, and the handling and control of informal waste picking or scavenging activities. These public health, environmental, and management problems are caused by various factors which constrain the development of effective solid waste management systems. They can be categorized into technical, financial, institutional, economic, and social constraints. Each of these constraints is discussed, in relation to the sustainability of solid waste collaborative projects, below. (a) Technical Constraints In most developing countries, there typically is a lack of human resources at both the national and local levels with technical expertise necessary for solid waste management planning and operation. Many officers in charge of solid waste management, particularly at the local level, have little or no technical background or training in engineering or management. Without adequately trained personnel, a project initiated by external consultants could not be continued. Therefore, the development of human resources in the recipient country of external support is essential for the sustainability of the collaborative project. Another technical constraint in developing countries is the lack of overall plans for solid waste management at the local and national levels. As a result, a solid waste technology is often selected without due consideration to its appropriateness in the overall solid waste management system. In some cases, foreign assistance is given to a component of a solid waste management system for which the use of resources may not be most cost-effective. For instance, an external support agency provided its support to improve a general disposal site. However, the coverage of solid waste collection service is so low that solid waste generated is dumped at many undesignated sites (e.g., open areas, water channels, streets, etc.). As a result, improving the disposal site, although it may not be a bad project, would have little impact on the overall solid waste management effectiveness. In such a case, the low collection coverage is a bottleneck in the overall solid waste management system in the city, and it would be most cost-effective to provide resources to upgrade the collection service. Research and development activities in solid waste management are often a low priority in developing countries. The lack of research and development activities in developing countries leads to the selection of inappropriate technology in terms of the local climatic and physical conditions, financial and human resource capabilities, and social or cultural acceptability. As a result, the technology selected can never be used, wasting the resources spent and making the project unsustainable. Several guides/manuals on appropriate solid waste management technologies in developing countries are available in the literature, and the selection of technology could be made sometimes based on these guides/manuals. However, in most cases, these guides/manuals must be modified to the local conditions prevailing in the country, and therefore local studies are normally still needed. Such studies can be relatively easily incorporated into a collaborative project and, to the extent possible, should involve local research institutions. (b) Financial Constraints In general, solid waste management is given a very low priority in developing countries, except perhaps in capital and large cities. As a result, very limited funds are provided to the solid waste management sector by the governments, and the levels of services required for protection of public health and the environment are not attained. The problem is acute at the local government level where the local taxation system is inadequately developed and, therefore, the financial basis for public services, including solid waste management, is weak. This weak financial basis of local governments can be supplemented by the collection of user service charges. However, users' ability to pay for the services is very limited in poorer developing countries, and their willingness to pay for the services which are irregular and ineffective is not high either. An effective strategy for raising funds needs to be searched in any collaborative project to ensure its sustainability. In addition to the limited funds, many local governments in developing countries lack good financial management and planning. For instance, in a town in a developing country, over 90% of the annual budget provided for solid waste management was used up within the first six months. The lack of financial management and planning, particularly cost accounting, depletes the limited resources available for the sector even more quickly, and causes the solid waste management services to halt for some periods, thus losing the trust of service users. (c) Institutional Constraints Several agencies at the national level are usually involved at least partially in solid waste management. However, there are often no clear roles/functions of the various national agencies defined in relation to solid waste management and also no single agency or committee designated to coordinate their projects and activities. The lack of coordination among the relevant agencies often results in different agencies becoming the national counterpart to different external support agencies for different solid waste management collaborative projects without being aware of what other national agencies are doing. This leads to duplication of efforts, wasting of resources, and unsustainability of overall solid waste management programmes. The lack of effective legislation for solid waste management, which is a norm in most developing countries, is partially responsible for the roles/functions of the relevant national agencies not being clearly defined and the lack of coordination among them. Legislation related to solid waste management in developing countries is usually fragmented, and several laws (e.g., Public Health Act, Local Government Act, Environmental Protection Act, etc.) include some clauses on rules/regulations regarding solid waste management. The rules and regulations are enforced by the different agencies. However, there are often duplication of responsibilities of the agencies involved and gaps/missing elements in the regulatory provisions for the development of effective solid waste management systems. It should be also noted that legislation is only effective if it is enforced. Therefore, comprehensive legislation, which avoids the duplication of responsibilities, fills in the gaps of important regulatory functions, and is enforceable is required for sustainable development of solid waste management systems. Because of a low priority given to the sector, the institutional capacity of local government agencies involved in solid waste management is generally weak, particularly in small cities and towns. Local ordinance/by-laws on solid waste management is not also well developed. These weak local government institutions are not provided with clear mandates and sufficient resources to fulfill the mandates. In large metropolitan areas where there are more than one local government, coordination among the local governments is critical to achieve the most cost-effective alternatives for solid waste management in the area. For instance, the siting of a solid waste transfer station or disposal facility for use by more than one local governments is cost-effective due to its economy of scale. However, as these facilities are usually considered unwanted installations and create not-in-my-backyard (NIMBY) syndromes among the residents, no local government is willing to locate them within its boundary. The lack of a coordinating body among the local governments often leads to disintegrated and unsustainable programmes for solid waste management. (d) Economic Constraints Economic and industrial development play key roles in solid waste management. Obviously, an enhanced economy enables more funds to be allocated for solid waste management, providing a more sustainable financial basis. However, by definition, developing countries have weak economic bases and, hence, insufficient funds for sustainable development of solid waste management systems. Local industry which produces relatively inexpensive solid waste equipment and vehicles will reduce, or in some cases could eliminate totally, the need for importing expensive foreign equipment/vehicles and therefore foreign exchange. Such local industry can also supply associated spare parts, lack of which is often responsible for irregular and insufficient solid waste collection and disposal services. However, the lack of industry manufacturing solid waste equipment and spare parts and a limited foreign exchange for importing such equipment/spare parts are the rule rather than exception in developing countries. Also in small developing countries, waste recycling activities are affected by the availability of industry to receive and process recycled materials. For instance, the recycling of waste paper is possible only when there is a paper mill within a distance for which the transportation of waste paper is economical. The weak industry base for recycling activities is a common constraint for the improvement of solid waste management in developing countries, such as those in the Pacific region where a large volume of package waste is generated. (e) Social Constraints The social status of solid waste management workers is generally low in both developed and developing countries, but more so in developing countries then developed countries. This owes much to a negative perception of people regarding the work which involves the handling of waste or unwanted material. Such people's perception leads to the disrespect for the work and in turn produces low working ethics of laborers and poor quality of their work. Because of insufficient resources available in the government sector, collaborative projects often have attempted to mobilize community resources and develop community self-help activities. Results are a mixture of success and failures. Failed projects with inactive communities usually did not provide people in the community with economic as well as social incentives to participate in activities. The social incentive is based on the responsibility of individuals as part of the community for the improvement of the community, and is created by public awareness and school education programmes. The lack of public awareness and school education about the importance of proper solid waste management for health and well-being of people severely restricts the use of community-based approaches in developing countries. At dump sites, transfer stations, and street refuse bins, waste picking or scavenging activities are common scenes in developing countries. People involved have not received school education and vocational training to obtain knowledge and skills required for other jobs. They are also affected by limited employment opportunity available in the formal sector. The existence of waste pickers/scavengers creates often an obstacle to the operation of solid waste collection and disposal services. However, if organized properly, their activities can be effectively incorporated into a waste recycling system. Such an opportunistic approach is required for sustainable development of solid waste management programmes in developing countries.3. CONSTRAINTS OF EXTERNAL SUPPORTExternal support provided to solid waste management in developing countries has its own limitations and constraints. As constraints in developing countries, they can be divided into technical, financial, institutional, economic, and social constraints and are discussed below. (a) Technical Constraints Industrialized countries, which provide external support to developing countries, usually have technical expertise and human resources suitable for solid waste management in these countries. Their school and university education and subsequent on-the-job training are targeted for the technologies of solid waste management applicable to these countries. However, there is the lack of human resources with sufficient experiences and knowledge of solid waste management in developing countries. Opportunities to learn solid waste management problems and practices in developing countries through regular training programmes and seminars are rarely provided in industrialized countries. The lack of knowledge and experience in solid waste management situations in developing countries leads to a tendency to support and provide the technologies available in the donor country regardless of their applicability to the developing country situation. In some cases, the solid waste management equipment and facilities, which are obsolete and outdated in the donor country, are provided as foreign aid to the recipient country. Communication between consultants provided by the external support agency and the local counterpart in the developing country sometimes becomes a constraint in implementing an effective collaborative project. The communication difficulty occurs in two different situations: (i) no common spoken language exists between the external consultants and the local counterpart; and (ii) the local counterpart does not understand technical terms. Efforts by both sides to improve communication ability are being made in a number of countries.

Referring to the earlier example of support for improvement of a disposal site, it can be easily seen that the external support agency made the decision to support without sufficient consideration to other components of solid waste management. Piece-meal, or not comprehensive approaches taken by external support agencies, often result in unsustainable solid waste management projects. (b) Financial Constraints Obviously, all donor agencies have their own upper limits to financial support. Solid waste management is one of many sectors for which an external agency provides its resources. For some donor agencies, solid waste management may not be a priority sector for support. As a result, there is a finite (and often limited) amount of funds that can be allocated to the sector. Because of its inherent nature, solid waste management does not render itself to an operation which can easily generate revenues. This is particularly true in developing countries where the willingness and ability to pay for solid waste management services are low. For external lending agencies, this means that the risk of providing a loan to such a project is generally high. The high risk of loan projects can be lessened by building into the projects revenue raising systems (e.g., user charges, sales of recycled materials). (c) Institutional Constraints External support agencies have their own organizational mandates and structure that limit their activities to certain operations such technical cooperation, loan/lending of capital funds, training, and so on. Even in the same donor country, there are usually different external support agencies, each specializing in one area of support. The extent of their geographical coverage is also limited to certain countries for their support. These organizational mandates and operational coverage of external support agencies determine the levels and types of resources provided to solid waste management projects in developing countries. As mentioned above, in many cases their support is piece-meal and not comprehensive as individual projects to be effective in introducing substantial and lasting impacts on solid waste management in the recipient countries. There is also lack of coordination among the various external support agencies to complement each other's efforts, although it is gradually improving recently. With better coordination and communication among them, the sustainability of solid waste management projects in recipient countries will be improved. ( d) Economic Constraints The economic situation of the donor is a determinant to the amount of funds that can be allocated for foreign aid to developing countries. Thus, it influences the levels of resources provided to solid waste collaborative projects. However, the economic situation of one donor country is not so critical for the sustainability of solid waste management projects in developing countries. External support agencies in industrialized countries tend to promote solid waste management technologies developed in their countries and use consultants from their countries. It is understood and often accepted that there is a bias in the selection of equipment, facilities, and consultants for solid waste management collaborative projects. As mentioned earlier, the provision of solid waste equipment was done from the point of view of the donor agency, instead of the need of the recipient country. For instance, two large compactor trucks of 8-tonne capacity each were provided to the capital town of a small island country where an estimated 7 tonnes per day of solid waste was generated and there were many narrow streets. In another developing country where solid waste is wet and has a low calorific value, the construction of an incinerator was recommended by a group of consultants from a developed country where incineration is very common. Often, the appropriateness of a technology to be used in a developing country is not fully assessed, and the technology is adopted based on the norm and experience of the donor country. (e) Social Constraints In any country, developed or developing, there are social or cultural norms accepted only by the society. Such norms affect designs of solid waste management systems. Where the society allows only a certain social class or group to deal with solid waste, the availability of work force for solid waste collection and disposal becomes constrained by this rule. In some countries, directly handling human waste is a traditional taboo, which then prohibits the application of co-composting of refuse and human waste. The lack of understanding of local cultures and ways of life by the external support agency is often a cause of failure of a collaborative project. Communication difficulty was cited as a constraint earlier. In addition to the language-related communication problem, the lack of decent attitude and experience of external consultants in working with officials of developing countries results in unnecessary tension between the consultants and local counterpart.4. KEYS TO SUCCESSFUL COLLABORATIONThe discussions in the preceding sections indicate that there are various constraints faced by both the recipient and donor countries in developing and implementing sustainable solid waste management systems. There is no simple measure to remove or loosen any of these constraints. Some constraints are harder to remove than others. A multitude of measures are usually required to produce a successful outcome of a collaborative project. A mix of some of the following measures or approaches may lead to a successful outcome. ( a) Packaging External Support A number of external support agencies recognize solid waste management as a priority issue in developing countries and are interested in supporting to improve the situation. However, their approaches to solving solid waste management problems in developing countries have been piece-meal and not well coordinated. Also, their support has been provided mostly on a short-term basis. These characteristics of external support are inherent in the organizational mandates and operational modes of the external support agency, and therefore they cannot be easily changed. What can be changed, however, is to combine support from different international aid agencies to make a collaborative project more comprehensive and long-term/continuous. This requires better coordination and communication among the external support agencies and development of partnership among them, removing the organizational egos and sharing and contributing their resources to the benefits of the recipient country. The collaborative project should be designed to improve the solid waste management situation gradually over a long period, instead of attempting a quick fix. (b) Defining Clear Roles of Relevant Agencies in Developing Countries Better coordination for effective implementation of a solid waste management collaborative project is also required by the various agencies involved in solid waste management in the recipient country. However, as mentioned earlier, many solid waste management projects in developing countries suffer from the lack of coordination among the relevant agencies, which often results from the lack of clear roles defined for these agencies in solid waste management. To ensure effective institutional support for a collaborative project for solid waste management, the roles and responsibilities of the various agencies involved should be defined clearly and a coordination mechanism be established. This can be done without drafting new legislation or amending the existing one, which is normally a time-consuming exercise in any country. A working group involving officials from the various agencies can be set up to discuss initially the roles and responsibilities of their respective agencies, and the working group can be later upgraded to an administrative committee or task force. (c) Developing Human Resources For sustainable solid waste management in developing countries, human resource development should always be part of the external support package. Without local human resources, a collaborative project initiated by external support will not be able to continue. To develop human resources with technical expertise in solid waste management in developing countries, there are three strategically important groups for external support, namely (i) key personnel in the national coordinating unit of the central government; (ii) operational managers of selected local governments; and (iii) university and other higher educational institutions. Among these target groups, the strengthening of human resources in the national coordinating unit and one or two selected local governments is the first priority and should be done in short term while support to higher educational institutions is a long-term programme. It is the responsibility of the recipient country to select these potential target groups and improve their communication abilities. The donor countries should also improve their human resources in terms of their communication ability and knowledge of solid waste situation in developing countries. (d) Supporting Strategic Planning and Follow-up Implementation Overall solid waste management plans at both the national and local levels are essential for utilizing limited resources most effectively, and providing a frame of reference for potential external support. Therefore, the formulation of national and local strategic plans for solid waste management should be considered at the initial stage of the external support package. Realizing the importance of strategic planning, many external support agencies have supported or are beginning to support the preparation of overall national and local plans before providing equipment and facilities. However, the operation of such technical assistance is often separated from that of the provision of loans and grants for facilities and equipment. As a result, the follow-up action to the planning assistance (i.e., provision of grants and loans for facilities and equipment) is delayed or not given at all. Consequently, there are many plans produced, but they have not been implemented. For the sustainability of a solid waste collaborative project, it is crucial to provide external support to follow up on the implementation of the plan prepared. Here again, the approach of packaging external support can play a key role. (e) Developing Self-financing Schemes The governments of developing countries have limited funds for solid waste management and must develop measures to reduce and recover the expenditure and increase revenues where possible. They need to turn their solid waste management systems to more self-financing programmes. External support can be effectively used to develop different alternative cost-cutting, cost-recovering, and revenue-raising schemes (e.g., waste minimization, deposit-refund system for recyclable materials, import or sales tax on certain packaged products, collection of user service charges, etc.) and implement pilot studies on these economic incentive measures. Private sector participation in solid waste management collection and disposal services is also a way to reduce the financial burden of the government. It can draw not only investment finance from private companies for solid waste management equipment and facilities, but also managerial expertise and technical skills. Experiences in developing countries, which are reported elsewhere3, indicate that privately operated services are generally more cost-effective than public sector services. Therefore, the use of private sector resources through a contractual arrangement provides a potential alternative towards self-financing solid waste management. Effective application of economic incentive measures and private sector resources in solid waste management requires human resources to design and manage such schemes. Aside from human resources development in technical aspects of solid waste management, human resource development in financial planning and management is necessary and often a key to the development of more self-financing schemes. (f) Raising Awareness of the Public and Decision Makers Effective management of solid waste requires the cooperation of the general public. Lifting the priority of, and allocating more resources to, the solid waste management sector needs the support from decision makers. It is, therefore, important to ensure that public and decision makers' awareness activities are incorporated into the external support package. The aim of these activities is normally long term and it takes some momentum to build up before the effects are realized. But, once the interests of the public and decision makers in improving solid waste management are created, the sustainability of solid waste management projects will be significantly improved. Enhanced awareness of decision makers may lead to changing national socio-economic and industrial development policies and associated government programmes in favor of improving solid waste management systems in developing countries. For instance, more financial aid and tax incentives may be introduced to encourage the development of recycling industry and business, or labourer protection programmes may be provided to improve wages and working conditions of laborers, including solid waste management workers. Changing national policies in donor countries could also improve ways in which their technologies are transferred to recipient countries. CONCLUSIONSAll of the participants took part in a long and interesting discussion. A number of issues were brought about during the meeting, some of which did not deal with the main topic of the event and consequently are not presented herein. The main conclusions that evolved from the Round Table were:- the traditional hierarchy should not be emphasized for the management of municipal solid waste under low-economic conditions;- the implication of privatization of solid waste services on the hierarchy should be considered;- the management of industrial wastes should include cleaner production;- scavengers or informal waste pickers should be incorporated into the formal sector and be provided with sanitary working conditions; - and in the event that waste reduction and recycling activities are implemented, they should be promptly rewarded. Reference Bartone, C. R. 1995. ""The role of the private sector in developing countries: Keys to success. Paper presented at ISWA Conference on Waste Management - Role of the Private Sector, Singapore, 24-25 September 1995. "